11.	Income Taxes

All operations are held through Charter Holdco and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Charter Holdco and the majority of its subsidiaries are generally limited liability companies that are not subject to income tax. However, certain of these limited liability companies are subject to state income tax. In addition, the subsidiaries that are corporations are subject to federal and state income tax. All of the remaining taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of Charter Holdco are passed through to Charter.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded $81 million and $160 million of income tax expense, respectively, including $8 million of expense related to a state tax law change. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recorded $83 million and $102 million of income tax expense, respectively. Income tax expense was recognized through increases in deferred tax liabilities related to Charter's investment in Charter Holdco, and certain of Charter's indirect subsidiaries, in addition to current federal and state income tax expense. Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was reduced by $69 million related to the reduction of the valuation allowance in connection with Mr. Allen's exchange of his 0.19% Charter Holdco interest for 212,923 shares of Charter's Class A common stock in a non-taxable transaction in February 2010.

As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had net deferred income tax liabilities of approximately $917 million and $762 million, respectively. Included in these net deferred tax liabilities is approximately $221 million and $225 million of net deferred tax liabilities at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, relating to certain indirect subsidiaries of Charter Holdco that file separate income tax returns. The remainder of the Company's net deferred tax liability arose from Charter's investment in Charter Holdco, and was largely attributable to the characterization of franchises for financial reporting purposes as indefinite-lived.

No tax years for Charter or Charter Holdco are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Tax years ending 2007 through 2010 remain subject to examination and assessment. Years prior to 2007 remain open solely for purposes of examination of Charter's net operating loss and credit carryforwards.