2.	Revenue Recognition

Impact of ASC 606 Adoption

Devon adopted ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the modified retrospective method and has applied the standard to all existing contracts. ASC 606 supersedes previous revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 and includes a five-step revenue recognition model to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration in exchange for those goods or services.

The impact of adoption in the current period results is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Under ASC 606			Under ASC 605			Increase/(Decrease)
Upstream revenues	$	1,319		$	1,257		$	62
Marketing and midstream revenues		2,491			2,629			(138	)
Total impacted revenues	$	3,810		$	3,886		$	(76	)

Production expenses	$	543		$	481		$	62
Marketing and midstream expenses		2,214			2,352			(138	)
Total impacted expenses	$	2,757		$	2,833		$	(76	)

Loss before income taxes	$	(181	)	$	(181	)	$	—

Changes to upstream revenues and production expenses are due to the conclusion that Devon represents the principal and controls a promised product before transferring it to the ultimate third party customer in accordance with the control model in ASC 606. This is a change from previous conclusions reached for these agreements utilizing the principal versus agent indicators under ASC 605 where the assessment was focused on Devon passing title and not control to the processing entity and Devon ultimately receiving a net price from the third-party end customer. As a result, Devon has changed the presentation of revenues and expenses for these agreements. Revenues related to these agreements are now presented on a gross basis for amounts expected to be received from third-party customers through the marketing process. Gathering, processing and transportation expenses related to these agreements, incurred prior to the transfer of control to the customer at the tailgate of the natural gas processing facilities, are now presented as production expenses.

Changes to marketing and midstream revenues and expenses are due to the determination of when control is transferred. As a result, Devon has changed the classification of certain transactions from marketing and midstream revenues to expenses or from marketing and midstream expenses to revenues.

Upstream Revenues

Upstream revenues include the sale of oil, gas and NGL production. Oil, gas and NGL sales are recognized when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. Devon’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. This occurs when control is transferred to the purchaser upon delivery of contract specified production volumes at a specified point. The transaction price used to recognize revenue is a function of the contract billing terms. Revenue is invoiced by calendar month based on volumes at contractually based rates with payment typically received within 30 days of the end of the production month. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on oil, gas and NGL sales are presented separately from such revenues in the accompanying consolidated comprehensive statements of earnings.

Natural gas and NGL Sales

Under Devon’s natural gas processing contracts, natural gas is delivered to a midstream processing entity at the wellhead or the inlet of the midstream processing entity’s system. The midstream processing entity gathers and processes the natural gas and remits proceeds for the resulting sales of NGLs and residue gas. In these scenarios, Devon evaluates whether it is the principal or the agent in the transaction. Devon has concluded it is the principal under these contracts and the ultimate third party is the customer. Revenue is recognized on a gross basis, with gathering, processing and transportation fees presented as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

In certain natural gas processing agreements, Devon may elect to take residue gas and/or NGLs in-kind at the tailgate of the midstream entity’s processing plant and subsequently market the product. Through the marketing process, the product is delivered to the ultimate third-party purchaser at a contractually agreed-upon delivery point and Devon receives a specified index price from the purchaser. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the delivery point based on the index price received from the purchaser. The gathering, processing and compression fees attributable to the gas processing contract, as well as any transportation fees incurred to deliver the product to the purchaser, are presented as gathering, processing and transportation expense as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

Oil sales

Devon’s oil sales contracts are generally structured in one of two ways. First, production is sold at the wellhead at an agreed-upon index price, net of pricing differentials. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the wellhead at the net price received. Alternatively, production is delivered to the purchaser at a contractually agreed-upon delivery point at which the purchaser takes custody, title and risk of loss of the product. Under this arrangement, a third party is paid to transport the product and receive a specified index price from the purchaser with no deduction. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the delivery point based on the price received from the purchaser. The third-party costs are recorded as gathering, processing and transportation expense as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

Marketing and Midstream Revenues

Marketing and midstream revenues are generated as a result of performing gathering, transmission, processing, fractionation, storage, condensate stabilization, brine services and marketing, through various contractual arrangements, which include fee-based arrangements or arrangements where Devon purchases and resells commodities in connection with providing the related service and earns a net margin for its fee. Marketing and midstream revenues are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied. This occurs at the time contract specified products are sold or services are provided to third parties at a contractually fixed or determinable price, delivery occurs at a specified point or performance has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. Control is transferred from the producer when the midstream processor has discretion on the sale or further processing of the liquids. The transaction price used to recognize revenue and invoice customers is based on a contractually stated fee or on a third party published index price plus or minus a known differential. Devon typically receives payment for invoiced amounts within 30 days. Marketing and midstream revenues and expenses attributable to oil, gas and NGL purchases, transportation and processing contracts are reported on a gross basis when Devon takes control of the products and has risks and rewards of ownership.

For contracts where control of commodities is transferred before the service is performed, Devon generally has no performance obligation for its services, and accordingly, does not consider these revenue-generating service contracts. Based on that determination, all fees or fee-equivalent deductions stated in such contracts reduce the cost to purchase commodities. Alternatively, for contracts where control of commodities is transferred after the service is performed, Devon considers these contracts to contain performance obligations for its services. Accordingly, Devon considers the satisfaction of these performance obligations as revenue-generating and recognizes these fees as midstream services revenue at the time its performance obligations are satisfied. For contracts where control of commodities is never transferred, Devon simply earns a fee for its services and recognizes these fees as midstream services revenue at the time its performance obligations are satisfied.

Satisfaction of Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognitions

Since Devon has a right to consideration from its customers in amounts that correspond directly to the value that the customer receives from the performance completed on each contract, Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 that allows recognition of revenue in the amount to which there is a right to invoice and prevents the need to estimate a transaction price for each contract and allocating that transaction price to the performance obligations within each contract. Devon recognizes revenue for sales or services at the time the natural gas, NGLs, crude oil or condensate are delivered at a fixed or determinable price.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

Most of Devon’s contracts are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 exempting the disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less. For contracts with terms greater than one year, Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 exempting the disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Under Devon’s contracts, each unit of product typically represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required.

Contract Balances

Cash received relating to future performance obligations are deferred and recognized when all revenue recognition criteria are met. Contract liabilities generated from such deferred revenue are not considered material as of March 31, 2018. Devon’s product sales and marketing and midstream contracts do not give rise to contract assets under ASC 606.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue from both upstream revenues and marketing and midstream revenues represent revenue from contracts with customers and these revenue line items are reflected in the consolidated comprehensive statements of earnings. The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers that are disaggregated based on the type of good or service. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, no purchaser accounted for more than 10% of Devon’s consolidated sales revenue.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	U.S.			Canada		EnLink ⁽¹⁾		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Oil	$	677		$	230	$	—	$	907
Gas		255			—		—		255
NGL		198			—		—		198
Oil, gas and NGL sales		1,130			230		—		1,360
Oil, gas and NGL derivatives		(113	)		72		—		(41	)
Total upstream revenues		1,017			302		—		1,319

Gathering and transportation		—			—		56		56
Processing		—			—		15		15
NGL services		—			—		16		16
Oil services		—			—		6		6
Total midstream services revenue		—			—		93		93
Oil and condensate		531			17		632		1,180
Gas		155			—		286		441
NGL		176			—		601		777
Total product sales		862			17		1,519		2,398
Total marketing and midstream revenues		862			17		1,612		2,491

Total revenues from contracts with customers	$	1,879		$	319	$	1,612	$	3,810

(1) Amounts presented net of eliminations