1.	Significant Accounting Policies

The primary business of The York Water Company, or the Company, is to impound, purify and distribute water. The Company also operates three wastewater collection and treatment systems. The Company operates within its franchised territory located in York and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania, and is subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or PPUC.

The following summarizes the significant accounting policies employed by The York Water Company.

Utility Plant and Depreciation

The cost of additions includes contracted cost, direct labor and fringe benefits, materials, overhead and, for certain utility plant, allowance for funds used during construction. In accordance with regulatory accounting requirements, water and wastewater systems acquired are recorded at estimated original cost of utility plant when first devoted to utility service and the applicable depreciation is recorded to accumulated depreciation. The difference between the estimated original cost less applicable accumulated depreciation, and the purchase price and acquisition costs is recorded as an acquisition adjustment within utility plant as permitted by the PPUC. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, utility plant includes a net credit acquisition adjustment of $3,234 and $3,667, respectively. For those amounts approved by the PPUC, the net acquisition adjustment is being amortized over the remaining life of the respective assets. Certain amounts are still awaiting approval from the PPUC before amortization will commence. Amortization amounted to $58 in each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017.

Upon normal retirement of depreciable property, the estimated or actual cost of the asset is credited to the utility plant account, and such amounts, together with the cost of removal less salvage value, are charged to the reserve for depreciation. To the extent the Company recovers cost of removal or other retirement costs through rates after the retirement costs are incurred, a regulatory asset is reported. Gains or losses from abnormal retirements are reflected in income currently.

The straight-line remaining life method is used to compute depreciation on utility plant cost, exclusive of land and land rights. Annual provisions for depreciation of transportation and mechanical equipment included in utility plant are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives. Such provisions are charged to clearing accounts and apportioned therefrom to operating expenses and other accounts in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts as prescribed by the PPUC.

The Company charges to maintenance expense the cost of repairs and replacements and renewals of minor items of property. Maintenance of transportation equipment is charged to clearing accounts and apportioned therefrom in a manner similar to depreciation. The cost of replacements, renewals and betterments of units of property is capitalized to the utility plant accounts.

The following remaining lives are used for financial reporting purposes:

	December 31,				Approximate range
Utility Plant Asset Category	2017		2016		of remaining lives
Mains and accessories	$	182,927	$	176,068	10 – 83 years
Services, meters and hydrants		71,183		68,510	19 – 54 years
Operations structures, reservoirs and water tanks		53,610		46,494	11 – 37 years
Pumping and treatment equipment		29,814		29,459	2 – 33 years
Office, transportation and operating equipment		12,787		12,360	3 – 20 years
Land and other non-depreciable assets		3,196		3,172	-
Utility plant in service		353,517		336,063
Construction work in progress		12,250		7,349	-
Total Utility Plant	$	365,767	$	343,412

The effective rate of depreciation was 2.26% in 2017, 2.25% in 2016, and 2.24% in 2015 on average utility plant, net of customers' advances and contributions. Larger depreciation provisions resulting from allowable accelerated methods are deducted for tax purposes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents except for those instruments earmarked to fund construction expenditures or repay long-term debt.

The Company periodically maintains cash balances in major financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Company has not experienced any losses and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at outstanding balances, less a reserve for doubtful accounts. The reserve for doubtful accounts is established through provisions charged against income. Accounts deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the reserve and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the reserve. The reserve for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. Management's periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the reserve is based on past experience, agings of the receivables, adverse situations that may affect a customer's ability to pay, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective. Unpaid balances remaining after the stated payment terms are considered past due.

Revenue Recognition

Operating revenues include amounts billed to water customers on a cycle basis and unbilled amounts based on actual and estimated usage from the latest meter reading to the end of the accounting period. Operating revenues also include amounts billed to wastewater customers as either a flat monthly fee or a metered rate based on water consumption. The metered wastewater revenue includes actual and estimated usage from the latest meter reading to the end of the accounting period.

Materials and Supplies Inventories

Materials and supplies inventories are stated at cost. Costs are determined using the average cost method.

Notes Receivable

Notes receivable are recorded at cost and represent amounts due from various municipalities for construction of water mains in their particular municipality. Management, considering current information and events regarding the borrowers' ability to repay their obligations, considers a note to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the note agreement. When a note is considered to be impaired, the carrying value of the note is written down. The amount of the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the note's effective interest rate.

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

The Company is subject to the provisions of generally accepted accounting principles regarding rate-regulated entities. The accounting standards provide for the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities as allowed by regulators for costs or credits that are reflected in current customer rates or are considered probable of being included in future rates. The regulatory assets or liabilities are then relieved as the cost or credit is reflected in rates. Regulatory assets represent costs that are expected to be fully recovered from customers in future rates while regulatory liabilities represent amounts that are expected to be refunded to customers in future rates. These deferred costs have been excluded from the Company's rate base and, therefore, no return is being earned on the unamortized balances.

Regulatory assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:

	December 31,				Remaining
	2017		2016		Recovery Periods
Assets
Income taxes	$	18,564	$	20,609	Various
Postretirement benefits		5,382		7,471	5 – 10 years
Unrealized swap losses		2,172		2,264	1 – 12 years
Utility plant retirement costs		3,994		2,679	5 years
Customer-owned lead service line replacements		191		-	Not yet known
Service life study expenses		23		4	5 years
Rate case filing expenses		5		-	Not yet known
	$	30,331	$	33,027
Liabilities
Excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation	$	14,348	$	-	Not yet known
Income taxes		6,260		753	1 – 50 years
IRS TPR catch-up deduction		3,887		3,887	Not yet known
	$	24,495	$	4,640

The regulatory asset for income taxes includes (a) deferred state income taxes related primarily to differences between book and tax depreciation expense, (b) deferred income taxes related to the differences that arise between specific asset improvement costs capitalized for book purposes and deducted as a repair expense for tax purposes, and (c) deferred income taxes associated with the gross-up of revenues related to the differences. These assets are recognized for ratemaking purposes on a cash or flow-through basis and will be recovered in rates as they reverse.

Postretirement benefits include the difference between contributions and deferred pension expense and the underfunded status of the pension plans. The underfunded status represents the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair market value of the assets. This asset is expected to be recovered in future years as additional contributions are made or markets continue to generate positive returns. The recovery period is dependent on contributions made to the plans, plan asset performance and the discount rate used to value the obligations. The period is estimated at between 5 and 10 years.

The Company uses regulatory accounting treatment to defer the mark-to-market unrealized gains and losses on its interest rate swap to reflect that the gain or loss is included in the ratemaking formula when the transaction actually settles. The value of the swap as of the balance sheet date is recorded as part of other deferred credits. Realized gains or losses on the swap will be recorded as interest expense in the statement of income over its remaining life of 12 years.

Utility plant retirement costs represents costs already incurred for the removal of assets, which are expected to be recovered over a five-year period in rates, through depreciation expense.

The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to replace lead customer-owned service lines that are discovered when the Company replaces its lead service lines over the remaining three years, and to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines whenever they are discovered, regardless of the material used for the company-owned service line over nine years. The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost and record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers. The recovery period will be determined when the next rate case is filed, but will be over a reasonable period of at least four but not more than six years.

Service life study expenses are deferred and amortized over their remaining life of five years. Rate case filing expenses are deferred and amortized over their remaining life which will be determined when the next rate case is filed.

Under normalization rules applicable to public utility property included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or 2017 Tax Act, the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation from lowering of the enacted federal statutory corporate tax rate is recorded as a regulatory liability. The benefit will be given back to customers in rates over the remaining regulatory life of the property determined when the next rate case is filed.

The regulatory liability for income taxes includes deferred taxes related to excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation, other postretirement benefits, and bad debts, as well as deferred investment tax credits. These liabilities will be given back to customers in rates, as tax deductions occur over the next 1 to 50 years.

The regulatory liability for the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, tangible property regulations, or TPR, catch-up deduction represents the tax benefits realized on the Company's 2014 income tax return for qualifying capital expenditures made prior to 2014. The Company will seek approval from the PPUC in its next rate filing to amortize the catch-up deduction.

Regulatory liabilities are part of other accrued expenses and deferred regulatory liabilities on the balance sheets.

Other Assets

Other assets consist mainly of the cash value of life insurance policies held as an investment by the Company for reimbursement of costs and benefits associated with its supplemental retirement and deferred compensation programs.

Deferred Debt Expense

Deferred debt expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related debt and is presented on the balance sheet as a direct reduction from long-term debt.

Customers' Advances for Construction

Customer advances are cash payments from developers, municipalities, customers or builders for construction of utility plant, and are refundable upon completion of construction, as operating revenues are earned. If the Company loans funds for construction to the customer, the refund amount is credited to the note receivable rather than paid out in cash. After all refunds to which the customer is entitled are made, any remaining balance is transferred to contributions in aid of construction. Pursuant to the 2017 Tax Act, effective December 22, 2017, customer advances are taxable income to the Company and additional funds are collected from customers to cover the taxes. These funds are recorded as a liability within Customer Advances for Construction and are amortized as deferred income over the tax life of the underlying assets.

Contributions in Aid of Construction

Contributions in Aid of Construction is composed of (i) direct, non-refundable contributions from developers, customers or builders for construction of water infrastructure and (ii) customer advances that have become non-refundable. Contributions in aid of construction are deducted from the Company's rate base, and therefore, no return is earned on property financed with contributions. The PPUC requires that contributions received remain on the Company's balance sheets indefinitely as a long-term liability.

Interest Rate Swap Agreement

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk. The Company utilizes an interest rate swap agreement to convert its variable-rate debt to a fixed rate. Interest rate swaps are contracts in which a series of interest rate cash flows are exchanged over a prescribed period. The notional amount on which the interest payments are based is not exchanged. The Company has designated the interest rate swap agreement as a cash flow hedge, classified as a financial derivative used for non-trading activities.

The accounting standards regarding accounting for derivatives and hedging activities require companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the balance sheets. In accordance with the standards, the interest rate swap is recorded on the balance sheets in other deferred credits at fair value.

The Company uses regulatory accounting treatment rather than hedge accounting to defer the unrealized gains and losses on its interest rate swap. Instead of the effective portion being recorded as other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion being recognized in earnings, the entire unrealized swap value is recorded as a regulatory asset. Based on current ratemaking treatment, the Company expects the gains and losses to be recognized in rates and in interest expense as the swap settlements occur. Swap settlements are recorded in the income statement with the hedged item as interest expense. Swap settlements resulted in the reclassification from regulatory assets to interest expense of $301 in 2017, $345 in 2016, and $366 in 2015. The overall swap result was a loss of $209 in 2017, $128 in 2016, and $285 in 2015. During the twelve months ending December 31, 2018, the Company expects to reclassify $252 (before tax) from regulatory assets to interest expense.

The interest rate swap will expire on October 1, 2029.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records compensation expense in the financial statements for stock-based awards based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Income Taxes

Certain income and expense items are accounted for in different time periods for financial reporting than for income tax reporting purposes.

Deferred income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. To the extent such income taxes increase or decrease future rates, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability has been recorded.

Investment tax credits have been deferred and are being amortized to income over the average estimated service lives of the related assets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, deferred investment tax credits amounted to $618 and $657, respectively.

The Company filed for a change in accounting method under the IRS TPR effective in 2014. Under the change in accounting method, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return. The Company is permitted to make this deduction for prior years (the "catch-up deduction") and each year going forward, beginning with 2014 (the "ongoing deduction"). The ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable. The catch-up deduction resulted in a decrease in current income taxes payable and an increase to regulatory liabilities. The Company will seek approval from the PPUC in its next rate filing to amortize the remaining catch-up deduction recorded as a regulatory liability. Both the ongoing and catch-up deductions resulted in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.

The 2017 Tax Act, among other things, reduces the federal statutory corporate tax rate for tax years beginning in 2018 from 34% to 21%, eliminates certain deductions, and eliminates bonus depreciation on qualified water and wastewater property. This resulted in the remeasurement of the federal portion of the Company's deferred taxes as of December 31, 2017 to the 21% rate. The effect was recognized in income for the year ended December 31, 2017 for all deferred tax assets and liabilities except accelerated depreciation. Under normalization rules applicable to public utility property included in the 2017 Tax Act, the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation is recorded as a regulatory liability. The regulatory liability is a temporary difference so a deferred tax asset is recorded including the gross-up of revenue necessary to return, in rates, the effect of the temporary difference.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction

Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) represents the estimated cost of funds used for construction purposes during the period of construction. These costs are reflected as non-cash income during the construction period and as an addition to the cost of plant constructed. AFUDC includes the net cost of borrowed funds and a rate of return on other funds. The PPUC approved rate of 10.04% was applied for 2017 and 2016. The Company applied a blended rate in 2015 due to its partial use of tax-exempt financing for 2015 construction projects. The tax-exempt borrowing rates of 4.00% - 4.50% were applied to those expenditures so financed, whereas the approved 10.04% rate was applied to the remainder of 2015 expenditures. AFUDC is recovered through water and wastewater rates as utility plant is depreciated.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain 2016 balance sheet amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2017 presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income, the statement of common stockholders' equity, or the statement of cash flow category reporting.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU clarifies when a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The guidance requires modification accounting if the fair value, vesting condition or the classification of the award is not the same immediately before and after a change to the terms and conditions of the award. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption available. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post-Retirement Benefit Cost. This ASU requires employers to report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the reporting period. The other components of net benefit costs will be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost and outside of a subtotal of income from operations. In addition, only the service cost component may be eligible for capitalization where applicable. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows, but will result in a presentation change on the statements of income.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 320): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU clarifies how certain cash receipts and payments should be presented in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption available. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which replaces the existing guidance in Accounting Standard Codification 840 – Leases. This ASU requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize a straight-line total lease expense. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of the standard, but it expects the adoption to have little or no effect on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605—Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Codification. The standard requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, deferring the effective date of this amendment for public companies by one year to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, the original effective date. The standard permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company completed its assessment of the standard and determined adoption will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Under ASU 2014-09, revenue is recognized as control transfers to the customer. As such, revenue for the Company's water and wastewater contracts, which is a significant percentage of the Company's revenue, are generally from a single performance obligation that will be recognized consistent with the revenue recognition model the Company currently uses for its contracts. The Company will comply with the new disclosure requirements included in ASU 2014-09 which will have a significant impact on disclosures upon adoption.