-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, Ov4Sr0xDghPpKVhQXOjD/QUkK/TxfkKatBgN/lNM5KRjZr17F01qjC286UkdhyUL HCqzhC4eEr4XkoL7flkoUg== 0001012870-01-001483.txt : 20010409 0001012870-01-001483.hdr.sgml : 20010409 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001012870-01-001483 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 4 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20001231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20010402 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001089717 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SERVICES [7371] IRS NUMBER: 521672106 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-27287 FILM NUMBER: 1591298 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4750 PATRICK HENRY BLVD. CITY: SANTA CLARA STATE: CA ZIP: 95054 BUSINESS PHONE: 4088550100 10-K 1 0001.txt FORM 10-K - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 ---------------- FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 OR [_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED) For the transition period from to . Commission file number 000-27287 ---------------- INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 52-1672106 (State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4750 Patrick Henry Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95054 (Address of principal executive offices, including ZIP code) (408) 855-0100 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.001 ---------------- Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [_] The aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 15, 2001 was approximately $246 million. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of March 15, 2001, 93,631,223 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III--Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be issued in conjunction with the registrant's Year 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the registrant's Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be a part of this report on Form 10-K. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION FORM 10-K DECEMBER 31, 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item Page No. - ---- -------- PART I 1. Business............................................................................... 3 2. Properties............................................................................. 26 3. Legal Proceedings...................................................................... 26 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.................................... 26 PART II 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.................. 27 6. Selected Financial Data................................................................ 28 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.. 29 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.............................. 40 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data............................................ 41 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure... 41 PART III 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant..................................... 41 11. Executive Compensation and Related Information......................................... 41 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management......................... 41 13. Related Party Transactions............................................................. 41 PART IV 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule, and Reports on Form 8-K........................ 42 Signatures............................................................................. 44
2 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS All statements in this discussion that are not historical are forward- looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, including statements regarding InterTrust's "expectations", "beliefs", "hopes", "intentions", "strategies" or the like. Such statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. InterTrust cautions investors that there can be no assurance that actual results or business conditions will not differ materially from those projected or suggested in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, the risk factors discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. InterTrust expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in InterTrust's expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such statements are based. Overview We have developed a general purpose digital rights management, or DRM, platform to serve as a foundation for providers of digital information, technology, and commerce services to participate in a global e-commerce system. We provide our DRM platform as software, tools, and hardware to licensees, which we call partners. These partners intend to offer digital commerce services and applications that collectively will form a global commerce system, which we have branded as the MetaTrust Utility. DRM technologies protect and manage the rights and interests in digital information of artists, authors, producers, publishers, distributors, traders and brokers, enterprises, governments and other institutions, and consumers. The Internet and the music industry have dramatized the need for protection and management of digital information. The very characteristics that make the Internet ideal for distributing digital information also make it ideal for pirating. DRM is needed by any industry that distributes information that can be put into digital form. Our DRM platform provides a foundation for people and organizations to define rules for using digital information and building commercial models. Our technology is designed to protect digital information, apply rules persistently after information is distributed, and automate many of the commercial consequences of using the information. Our general purpose DRM platform is designed to manage a broad range of rights across digital information and media types. As of December 31, 2000, we had 61 partners including: ARM, Adobe, America Online, Blockbuster, BMG Entertainment, Cirrus Logic, Compaq, Creative Technology, Diamond Multimedia Systems, Enron, Mitsubishi Corporation, MusicMatch, Magex, PricewaterhouseCoopers, RioPort, Texas Instruments, Universal Music Group, and Wave Systems. These partners endorse or promote our products and services through various sales and marketing activities, including press releases and trade shows. Some of our partners, including BMG Entertainment and Universal Music Group, began offering commercial applications and services in the MetaTrust Utility in the second half of 2000. Industry Background According to International Data Corporation's Internet Commerce Market Model (ICMM) version 6.3, total worldwide Internet commerce spending doubled between 1999 and 2000--reaching over $270 billion--and will continue to grow at a healthy rate through 2004, topping $2.6 trillion. IDC further estimates that worldwide Internet commerce spending per online buyer will grow from $2,076 in 1999 to $8,960 per year in 2004. That same year, IDC projects that 40% of all Internet users will also purchase goods and services over the Internet. While most Internet commerce to date has involved the delivery of physical goods like books and compact discs ordered online, the Internet is poised to become a leading distribution channel for digital goods as well. 3 Today, most content is in, or can be easily put into, digital form. This content includes music, videos, software, games, publications, business information, and images. The Internet can be used to disseminate this digital information efficiently to broad audiences without geographic boundaries, and can eliminate many of the traditional costs associated with manufacturing, packaging, and distribution. The use of the Internet for digital goods is being supported both by the growing number of households and businesses connected to the Internet, and by electronic devices other than the personal computer, such as set-top boxes, portable music players, mobile phones, and other hand-held devices, all of which are becoming connected to the Internet. In addition, downloading digital content is becoming significantly easier with the emergence and adoption of broadband technologies including digital subscriber lines and cable modems, and enhanced compression technologies including MP3 for music and MPEG-4 for video. The Internet will add to the existing channels for distributing digital goods on physical media like compact discs and DVDs. The characteristics that make the Internet ideal for distributing digital goods also make it ideal for pirating and misusing them. Digital goods, if not protected and managed, can be easily copied without any degradation in quality, altered and defaced, and distributed with the touch of a button to a large number of recipients. These threats are increased by advances in broadband and compression technologies, wider uses of portable devices, and wider availability of re-writeable compact disc and DVD devices. As the number of users connected to the Internet and the amount of digital information transmitted over the Internet increases, these users and this information become more vulnerable to parties who wish to interfere with the integrity of digital information and digital transactions. Recent events in the music industry provide the most visible example of an industry facing the problem of protecting and managing its rights related to digital information. A technology called MP3 that compresses music with near- compact disc quality has rapidly become recognized as a major threat to the industry. With readily available MP3-enabled software, music can be copied from compact discs into computers, compressed to under 10% of its former size, redistributed, played, and even copied back onto a blank compact disc for private use or pirated resale. Songs in the MP3 format can be moved from personal computers to new portable consumer devices and can then be played through headphones or stereo speakers. Every compact disc published and distributed is at risk of being copied. Already, many popular titles have been digitized in MP3 form multiple times across the Internet and a new channel of direct MP3 distribution is emerging. Digital rights management is needed across all content industries, including music, video, software, games, publications, business information, and images, and by all of the constituencies in these industries. These constituencies, including artists, authors, producers, publishers, and distributors, are all concerned about protecting and managing their rights in digital content. All parties want to get paid. Artists and authors want to protect the integrity of their works. Consumers want easy transparent access to good content but are concerned about protecting their privacy. Producers, publishers, and distributors want to structure and optimally manage their business models. DRM applies to more than content industries. The Internet is becoming a principal means for digital interaction among organizations and individuals. A vast amount of data about organizations and individuals is digitized on computers, sent over networks, and stored in electronic form. Much of this information is confidential and proprietary, including trade secrets and supply chain and product information. Some of this information is also personal in nature, including financial and medical records. This information is gathered, stored, and exchanged among many entities, including corporations, governments, schools, hospitals, and individuals. These organizations and individuals need to manage their digital rights in the flow of proprietary and personal information, so that only the appropriate people can use the information. DRM is also useful for protecting rights as these information flows become more automated, in trading, brokering, regulatory compliance, and other industries. Current computing environments and security techniques are not designed to provide sufficient protection and management of digital rights. Historically, computers, networks, and operating systems were designed primarily for creating, processing, and distributing information. Similarly, security technologies evolved to 4 protect computers and networks from the outside environment and to protect information during a point-to-point transmission, not to protect information and rights once information has been received and properly accessed by a user. In commercial transactions in current computing environments, information is generally stored and transactions are processed at remote mainframes or servers, even when it is less efficient, because the client and other parts of the environment do not provide adequate protection and security. As a result, these security technologies either do not consider an authorized user as a potential threat, or fail to provide sufficient mechanisms to prevent the improper use of information. With digital commerce, the threat comes not only from the outside--a hacker trying to break into the protected computer or decrypt an encrypted transmission. The threat comes also from the inside--a user may be authorized initially to access digital information but performs an unauthorized act, such as making or distributing copies. Moreover, the requirement for centralized transaction processing and information storage is less efficient, harder to scale, and more constrained in use than systems that distribute secure processing. Current techniques for DRM that are built on these centralized security approaches generally only provide secure digital distribution. For example, these techniques generally lack the ability to persistently manage digital information, especially when offline, and essentially allow only a limited number of inflexible business relationships that are predetermined by the technology provider. These techniques usually require online interaction, which increases costs, limits consumer convenience, and makes some business models uneconomical. A new computing technology is required to address all of these concerns-- one that, when distributed over a vast array of computers and devices, consistently protects and manages rights related to digital information and processes, online and offline, wherever this information and these processes may occur. Creators, publishers, distributors, service providers, governments and other institutions, and users must have the ability both to create and associate rights and rules that persistently apply to digital information and processes, and to modify the rights and rules, if permitted, even after the information is distributed. These rights and rules might represent information regarding ownership, access, payment, promotion, warranty, privacy, and other elements of commerce in information. When these rights and rules are based on a common foundation, they can form a basis for an interoperable global system for digital commerce. InterTrust Solution We have developed a general purpose DRM platform to serve as a foundation for providers of digital information, technology, and commerce services to participate in a global e-commerce system for digital commerce. Protected information can flow from party to party, as it would in normal commerce, and be managed throughout its lifecycle in compliance with specified rules. Our platform consists of: . DRM Software and Technology--We license platform software, tools, and hardware to partners that build products and operate commerce services. We also offer market specific software applications for our partners and customers to use to provide end-to-end commerce services. Our technology is designed to operate on the personal computers, devices, and servers in this global system and to provide the capability to package and publish protected information with rules for use. These rules are designed to be flexible, and can be applied and changed dynamically, enabling our partners to develop and program their business models easily. The rules are designed to be persistently enforced wherever the content may travel. . TrustNet Clearinghouse Services--Through our TrustNet clearinghouse, we provide an infrastructure for our partners to run end-to-end applications and services. This service enables our DRM platform to be used on a common, neutral basis for publishers, merchants, organizations, consumers, and other participants to conduct business and exchange protected information. . Professional Services--We provide two types of professional services to accelerate the ability for our partners to deploy our DRM solution. Where partners require the development of specific software or hardware applications, we provide consulting services. We also provide consulting services to help our partners add our DRM solution into their commerce solutions. 5 . MetaTrust Utility Services--We maintain and administer the specifications that are designed to ensure the interoperability, security, and trustedness of the global digital commerce system being built by our partners. Our focus on providing DRM technology and MetaTrust Utility services in addition to software solutions allows our partners to choose from developing their own commercial models, having us build a customer solution for them, or using one of our existing solutions. They can build the applications and operate the commerce services themselves. A content provider can establish a relationship with one or more of our partners and have its content managed consistently as it flows throughout the entire system. As in traditional commerce, a content provider can select several commerce service providers and provide users with a choice of payment methods. Our general purpose DRM platform is designed to have broad capabilities to address the needs of all parties seeking to distribute and manage digital goods. We believe our platform provides the following benefits: . Robust Security--Our highly sophisticated use of multiple layers of security and tamper-resistance techniques are designed to provide varying levels of security depending on the commercial value and nature of digital information consistent with the rights and interests of all parties. . Persistent Protection and Management--Our platform is designed to allow content providers to protect persistently both the information itself and the rules of use. Persistent protection means that these rules continue to apply even after the information arrives, online or offline, each time the information is accessed, and even when it may be forwarded to other people. . Flexible Business Models--Our platform is designed to allow content providers to specify and establish their own commercial models with fully programmable rules that manage the use of digital information. These rules can be easily changed, even after content is distributed, for example to permit promotional offers, to accommodate changing commercial circumstances, or to automatically present differing offers under differing circumstances. Our platform is also designed so that these rules can also adjust themselves dynamically to each consumer's unique identity characteristics and circumstances of access, for example, student or senior citizen discounts, membership in affinity groups, or employment at a specific corporation. . Superdistribution--We believe content providers can take advantage of superdistribution--allowing and encouraging consumers to become redistributors of content in the system. Superdistribution means that users of content, if permitted by rules, can forward content to others, with persistent application of rules and protection of content. Our platform is designed to enable providers to get paid and users to act naturally by forwarding content they like to their associates or friends. If these parties are not already part of the digital commerce system, they have an incentive to join so that they may use the content. . Multiple Content and Media Types--Content providers can use our platform for multiple content types. Our platform is designed to permit distributors to employ various means of digital distribution, including compact discs, DVDs, the Internet, and wireless devices. Consumers may sign up to use any one content type, like music, but then can use our client software for other content or services in the MetaTrust Utility system. Payment processors can use our technology both for digital goods transactions and to process payments for physical goods sold electronically. . Efficient Transaction Processing--We believe processing partners can take advantage of significant increases in efficiency, including offline processing, immediate payment across all participants in the chain of distribution, and automated application of rules. Our platform is designed to securely store usage and payment transactions that take place offline, accumulate them until a minimum threshold is met, for example 30 days or $50, and then automatically forward the stored transactions for processing. This allows both micropayments and efficient collection of usage information. In addition, as required by provider-supplied rules, when processing these transactions, immediate payment can be made throughout the distribution chain, eliminating multiple parties handling payment. 6 . New Advertising Models--Today, advertising on the Internet is largely limited to viewing banners and other promotional materials on a web page. With our technology, we believe advertising can be managed and audited locally on a user's machine every time the user sees the advertisement, whether the user is on-line or off-line. Our platform is designed to allow a rule to be applied to a brief product placement, for example, the appearance of a car within a music video, so that the car company promotes its products and pays for the promotion each time the car is viewed. This feature, combined with our ability to operate offline and securely store and later forward collected data, enables new cost- effective ways for companies to price content and generate revenue from advertising. . Personalized Marketing--Our platform is designed so that marketing organizations can use many different aspects of our platform to identify and profile individual consumers and match content, offers, and ads to specific users or class of users, subject to user consent and privacy rights. Because our technology is designed to locally process ads and promotions as easily as digital content, this automated personalization can occur on the network or offline on the consumer's personal computer. The MetaTrust Utility We license our DRM platform as software, tools, and hardware to partners to build applications and operate services for electronic commerce. By offering commercial products and services based on our specifications and MetaTrust Utility services, our partners can collectively build a global digital commerce system, which we have branded as the MetaTrust Utility. Our DRM platform is designed to enable creators, publishers, distributors, service providers, governments and other institutions, and users to persistently associate rights and rules with digital information. 7 The user experience with the MetaTrust Utility will typically begin by activating our client software. The most common client software currently in use by our partners is called the InterRights Point, which our partners will either preinstall or distribute through a variety of means, including digital download and optical disk distribution. The user will activate the InterRights Point by establishing a relationship with one of our commerce service partners. Users will provide basic identity and authentication information in a largely automated process. Once initialized, the InterRights Point is designed to interact with any of the services and content available in the system, from any of our partners. The following diagram illustrates the lifecycle of content commerce in the system. Commerce Flow Example [GRAPHIC APPEARS HERE] Narrative Description of Graphic in the Business Section Graphic titled "Commerce Flow Example." In the upper right hand corner is a box titled "Key" in which there are four symbols. The first is a sphere with three arrows pointing to its center labeled "ClientSoftware." The second is a cube labeled "Secure Container." The third is the symbol "$" inside a circle labeled "Payment." The fourth is the letter "i" inside a circle labeled "Usage Information." In the center is a cube labeled "Distributor." Above and to the right is a picture of a piece of paper titled "Usage Rules." From the cube an arrow with a cube in the middle points down towards a box labeled "User." Inside the box is a human form, a sphere with three arrows meeting in its center, and a picture of a computer monitor with an image, entitled "Agree to Rules," projecting from the screen. From the box an arrow with a cube in the middle points to the right to a picture of an electronic device entitled "Information Appliance." From the box an arrow points to the left to a box entitled "Commerce Services Provider." In the middle of the arrow is a clear cube containing the symbol "$" and the letter "i", both in circles. Inside the box there are two buildings and a sphere with three arrows that meet in its center. The building on the left is marked with the symbol "$" in a circle. The building on the right is marked with the letter "i" in a circle. Two arrows, one with the symbol "$" in the middle and one with the letter "i" in the middle, both in circles and clear cubes, point to a box titled "Publisher." Inside the box is a human form, a sphere with three arrows meeting in its center and a computer monitor. Pointing towards the sphere is a picture of a piece of paper captioned "Usage Rules" and a sphere with the caption "Digital Information." An arrow with a cube in the middle points back to the cube in the center of the graphic. . Packaging Content--With an application developed by one of our partners using our DRM technology, system participants can be both creators and consumers of digital information. Working from a personal computer, in this example, a user creates digital information and, using the InterRights Point client software, associates business rules with the information and packages the information securely in a DigiBox secure container. The DigiBox container is the most common secure container currently being used by our partners. . Distributing Content--The information is disseminated in DigiBox containers over networks, on optical disks, or by other means of delivering digital information. The information can securely travel through unsecure networks, because the information in DigiBox containers is itself protected. In this example, distributors, portals, and web sites can, as enabled by the rules of the publisher, add additional rules for use or modify the rules--for example, mark up price, make promotional offers, bundle the content with other content, or establish frequent buyer programs. Importantly, rules for use can be easily changed, even after content is distributed. . Using Content--A user can receive content in a DigiBox container, select the content and set in motion a secure process. The InterRights Point compares identity characteristics of the user or machine with 8 the rules that have been associated with the requested event, for example, listen or view, and presents the appropriate offers. The event occurs only as permitted by the rules. If the rules permit, protected content can be transferred to other devices. Our technology, if present, will continue to manage the information's use. . Processing Transactions--The client software can process transactions involving both payment and usage information, for example, special surveys or information on interaction with an advertisement. These transactions could be processed immediately, much like a credit card event, or deferred, much like running up a tab, or any combination of immediate and deferred processing, as specified by the rules. The InterRights Point forwards the transactions in secure containers to our processing partners which ensure that everyone who is supposed to get paid gets paid, that usage information is made available to agreed upon parties, and that the privacy of the individual is protected. Strategy Our goal is to empower multiple providers of digital information, technology, and commerce services to build a global system for digital commerce based on our DRM platform. The key elements of our strategy are: Expand Key Strategic Partnerships We are focused on bringing into the MetaTrust Utility an optimal combination of digital information, technology, and commerce service participants. Through this focus we intend to create mutually-reinforcing widespread dissemination of our technology, an expanding consumer base, and ever-broader participation by information providers. We are targeting relationships that will establish our DRM initially in several large markets, including entertainment, business information, and publishing. We intend to leverage early success in any one market to help encourage adoption and usage in other markets. We encourage potential participants to enter into relationships with us, as well as with our partners, in the following key areas: Content--We intend to continue entering into direct relationships with premier and emerging publishers, distributors, and packagers of content. We have established strategic relationships with Universal Music Group, BMG Entertainment, and Blockbuster. In addition, we will encourage premier content providers to participate in the MetaTrust Utility through our partners. Technology--We will continue to target leading technology and device companies that can build our technology into the infrastructure of several industries, including computers, consumer electronics, the Internet, and communications. We have established strategic relationships with Adobe, Compaq, Cirrus Logic, Diamond Multimedia Systems, Enron, Nokia, and Texas Instruments to build our technology into portable music devices, chips, set top boxes, wireless devices, and software players and viewers. Commerce Services--We are targeting partners with trusted brands and operations, including America Online, Mitsubishi Corporation, Magex, and PricewaterhouseCoopers. We believe that these partners' reputations, markets, and customer base will facilitate user acceptance of the MetaTrust Utility. By having a combination of content, technology, and commerce service participants in multiple markets in the MetaTrust Utility, we would not depend on any one partner, any specific commercial model, or any specific vertical market to succeed. Promote Widespread Deployment of our Client Technology We have designed our client technology and our licensing structure to achieve efficient and rapid deployment. Our technology is designed so that it can be conveniently activated by consumers. It is also designed so that it can be flexibly deployed by our partners through a variety of means, including digital download, optical disk distribution, and pre-installation. We will also work with our partners to develop business models that 9 promote rapid deployment, for example, superdistribution which allows users to drive client software deployment through redistribution of content. Leverage the MetaTrust Utility Model We believe that our neutral utility model is fundamental to achieving widespread adoption of our DRM platform. We believe partners are more likely to participate in building a global commerce system if they perceive that the provider of the foundational technology is unlikely to engage in commercial models that directly compete with them. We intend to provide technology and maintain policies needed for an interoperable, secure, and trusted foundation for all participants in the MetaTrust Utility. Partners can take advantage of the global interoperability and general purpose nature of this system to build on the success of our other partners; as more partners and users participate in the system, participation in the system becomes more efficient and valuable. From time to time, we may provide special assistance to new ventures using our technology and may in return take limited equity positions if we believe it will not compromise our neutrality. In addition, we have developed and plan to develop further special technology and services to assist our partners in promoting the use of the MetaTrust Utility in various vertical markets. Maintain Technology Lead We believe we are the leader in DRM technology and intend to continue advancing the state-of-the-art of DRM. We have attracted a group of computer scientists in both our engineering team and in STARLab, our electronic commerce research facility, to focus on a broad range of topics important to advancing DRM. These include commerce language, streaming media, security, software tamper resistance, secure processing hardware, and watermarking. We currently have 18 United States patents, one European patent, and one Australian patent, and will continue to develop our intellectual property in the fields of digital rights management and electronic commerce. Products and MetaTrust Utility Services Our general purpose DRM platform is comprised of both proprietary software and technology, and the utility services needed for security, interoperability, and trustedness of the MetaTrust Utility. Products Our Commerce software is a general purpose DRM platform and includes systems software, development tools, and applications for building, deploying, and managing digital commerce applications. We shipped the general availability version of our Commerce software at the end of December 1998. Digital information providers and software companies can use the product to integrate rights management capabilities into applications that securely manage, control usage of, and fulfill digital information commerce through digital distribution channels. Payment processing and Internet infrastructure companies can use the product to provide various commerce services, including payment clearing, usage reporting, market analysis and user profiling, advertising, regulatory compliance, affinity marketing, and automated trading systems. Our software is designed to be fully scalable and comes in several packages, depending upon the scope of rights licensed by our partners. The key components of our Commerce software are: . InterRights Point--software that processes DigiBox containers, and manages usage of digital information throughout its lifecycle. It may function as a client or server, as determined by rules; . Application Developer's Kit--software and tools for systems integrators, applications developers, software vendors, and web sites enabling them to develop end-user applications and services; . Sample Applications--software and components that assist development of applications and services; . RightsWallet Application--client software that manage identities, memberships, budgets, and transactions; 10 . Transaction Authority Framework--software and databases for handling communications with InterRights Points and processing transactions; and . Deployment Manager Application--software for activating and managing InterRights Points. We have developed and plan to develop further special technology to assist our partners in promoting the adoption of our DRM platform in various vertical markets. For example, we created Powerchord technology, comprised of tool kits and full-featured demonstration applications, to help appropriate partners accelerate the adoption of our DRM platform for protected digital music distribution. We have also developed a DRM platform called Rights/System that is designed to operate on personal computers and to extend our DRM platform to embedded systems, including portable devices and set-top boxes. Rights/System is designed to implement a range of DRM functions, including persistent protection of digital information of all types, and support for simple to complex business models. The key products we currently offer within the Rights/System platform are: . Rights/PD--software and tools for integrating our DRM technology into portable devices; . Rights/Video Server--software and tools for integrating our DRM technology into streaming video-on-demand environments for use with compatible set-top box media players; and . Rights/TV--software and tools for the integration of our DRM technology into set top box based media players. . Rights/Phone--software and tools for the integration of our DRM technology into wireless devices. In addition to our software platform products, we have also developed an embedded technologies product line which includes our RightsChip integrated circuit product and our TrustChip architecture. The RightsChip product is a hardware add-on device for both PCs and appliances which incorporates our DRM technology. The TrustChip architecture is an integrated security architecture for secure system-on-chip products. Cirrus Logic has announced a product based on the TrustChip architecture and ARM is currently integrating the TrustChip architecture into its products. MetaTrust Utility Services We plan to maintain the specifications and administer the interoperability, security, and trustedness of the MetaTrust Utility. We do this through our MetaTrust certification program, which has three essential elements: . Specifications--Our partners and their products and services must comply with our specifications. These specifications establish policies that address technical, procedural, and related matters designed to promote the security, trustedness, integrity, interoperability, and performance of products and services in the MetaTrust Utility. . Certification--We test and certify, or provide the means for testing and certifying, that products and services of participants in the MetaTrust Utility comply with our specifications. Certification applies to all applications that interface with an InterRights Point as well as partner sites and operations. We expect to provide various procedures designed to make certification an easy process, including pre-certification of components. . Security--Our system addresses numerous areas of security, including securing digital information after initial use and providing tamper resistance in the InterRights Point software. We have designed, and plan to continue to design, countermeasures that we intend to implement if security is compromised. We also plan on assisting our partners in cryptographic key management. Through our TrustNet clearinghouse, we also provide an infrastructure for our partners to pilot and test their applications and services. 11 Technology Our DRM platform is based on our proprietary software and technology that we believe add fundamental new functionality to traditional computing environments. By using proven security technologies plus this new functionality, we have created platform software designed to enable computing environments to perform a broad range of new operating functions relating to managing, not merely protecting, rights in digital information. Our DRM platform is general purpose and is designed to enable digital commerce to operate in compliance with provider-specified rules through a network of independent, protected processing environments. Our technology is currently implemented as software and includes tools, components, sample applications, documentation, and training that allow our partners and their customers to build digital commerce applications and services and take advantage of the reusable, common foundation of the MetaTrust Utility. The accompanying diagram shows the primary architectural elements of our platform. [GRAPHIC APPEARS HERE] Graphic titled "Intertrust DRM Platform". Box divided into four horizontal rows. In the first row is the caption "Client Software" next to a sphere with three arrows that meet in the middle. In the next row is the caption "Secure Container" next to a cube. In the next row is the caption "Secure Container" next to a cube. In the next is the caption "Usage Rules" next to a piece of paper. In the last is the caption "Transaction Authority" next to a building. . Client Software. The core element of our architecture is the client software, which operates on personal computers, servers, and devices in the MetaTrust Utility. DRM processing occurs at client software. The most common client software currently in use by our partners is the InterRights Point. Each InterRights Point acts as a secure virtual machine, a software application acting as a processing device, that is designed to manage each party's digital rights remotely. Each InterRights Point creates a local, secure database that stores the users' rights, identities, transactions, budgets and keys. . Secure Container. Protected information in our system is encrypted and stored in a secure format. Once in a secure container, the information can flow across unsecured networks, and only our client software can access the information. Our design permits information in a secure container to remain protected even after a user has accessed it, providing persistent protection of the information and continuing control over its use regardless of where the information travels. The most common secure container currently in use by our partners is the DigiBox container. . Usage Rules. Content usage is managed by rules, including price, payment offer, play, view, print, copy, save, superdistribution, and others. We offer a variety of tools designed to allow providers to create and change rules and to associate them with digital information. Rules are protected in the same way content is protected. Like content, they are stored in a secure container for distribution. Rules are designed to travel with the information, or separately, allowing our partners the flexibility to change any rule, including rights or price, after content has been delivered. The client software designed to ensure that applicable rules are followed every time an information usage event is requested. . Transaction Authority Framework. In most of the current implementations of our DRM technology, InterRights Points connect into our processing partners' data centers through a communications controller system called the transaction authority framework. The transaction authority framework is designed to receive transaction records from InterRights Points, store the records, and forward them, as specified by usage rules, for further processing, including payment fulfillment. The transaction authority framework is also designed to store messages resulting from this further processing, like payment confirmation, and when the InterRights Point next connects to the data center, send these messages to the InterRights Points software. The transaction authority framework includes administrative software, called the deployment manager, that is designed to activate InterRights Points software and manage them after activation, including fraud detection, revocation, security updates, and back-up services. Currently most of our software runs on Windows 95, Windows NT, and Windows 98. Our transaction authority framework runs on Windows NT and Solaris operating system environments. Our software is currently being modified to run on additional operating systems. These efforts are in the development stage. 12 Sales and Business Development Our sales and business development activities are designed to establish the initial relationships with potential partners and help them understand the services and applications that can be developed using our technology. We help our partners and their potential customers understand both the business and the technical benefits of the products, and assist them in expanding their businesses with our technology. The sales and business development organization assigns a representative that will serve as our primary contact point for managing the potential relationship throughout the due diligence and business discussion process. Our sales and business development organization consisted of 53 employees as of December 31, 2000, 42 in Santa Clara, one in Washington D.C., seven in London, England, two in Sydney, Australia and one in Tokyo, Japan. Marketing We market our products worldwide primarily through our partners in combination with our own efforts. We conduct a variety of marketing programs worldwide to educate our target market, create awareness and generate leads for our MetaTrust Utility. To achieve these goals, we have engaged in marketing activities including joint partner marketing, print and online advertising campaigns and trade shows. These programs are targeted at key business unit executives as well information technology officers. In addition, we conduct comprehensive public relations programs that include establishing and maintaining relationships with key trade press, business press, and industry analysts. We have established consistent branding guidelines for all of our partners to increase our brand awareness. Our programs are designed to assist our partners in developing their internal marketing programs and capabilities. Our marketing organization consisted of 19 employees as of December 31, 2000. Research and Development; Training and Support Our research and development organization is divided into product development, training and support, and STARLab. To date, substantially all software development costs have been expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $24.5 million in 2000, $16.5 million in 1999 and $13.0 million in 1998. As of December 31, 2000, our research and development and training and support organizations were comprised of 170 employees. Product Development The product development organization is responsible for designing, developing, and supporting commercial implementations of our DRM technology and developing future enhancements to our software. There are six engineering groups in the product development organization: core rights technology, appliance technology, applications and components, security and tamper resistance, product architecture, and advanced development. These six engineering groups are supported by quality assurance, product management, documentation, deployment operations, and developer support. The quality assurance group implements a process designed to identify software defects through the entire development cycle, including operational deployments. The product management group is responsible for all functional and certification specifications, schedules, and overall project coordination. The documentation group is responsible for end user, administrator, and developer documentation and support for our products. The deployment operations group is responsible for MetaTrust Utility operations and management, including emergency response, fraud detection, key management, and application certification. Developer support is responsible for technical support to our partners' engineering staffs. Training and Support Our training and support organizations work closely with the sales and business development organization to provide partners with the training and support contemplated under their license. We believe that customer satisfaction is essential for our long-term success. In general, our license agreements provide for a limited period of support and training, including onsite visits, and email and web site support. We plan on providing our partners 13 with a variety of standard support packages after this initial support period. As our partner base grows, we intend to increase the size of our support organization. STARLab We have attracted a group of computer science experts for STARLab, our electronic commerce research organization. STARLab projects cover a broad range of topics necessary for advanced DRM, including commerce language, streaming media, security, software tamper resistance, secure processing hardware, and watermarking. The activities of STARLab are integrated with our important strategic objectives, including: . extending our portfolio of intellectual property; . developing and prototyping new digital rights management technology; . providing an engineering consulting resource to assist product development; . participating in and leading standards efforts; and . advising governmental, research, and other institutions. Competition The market for DRM solutions is new, intensely competitive, and rapidly evolving. We expect competition to continue to increase both from existing competitors and new market entrants. The DRM market is new and we are not aware of any one competitor that has established a dominant position in the market. However, it is possible that one or more companies could become a dominant, competitive force in the future. Our primary competition currently comes from or is anticipated to come from: . companies offering secure digital distribution systems, including IBM, Liquid Audio, Microsoft, Preview Systems, and Content Guard; and . companies offering hardware-based content metering and copy protection systems, including Sony and the 4C Entity, comprised of IBM, Intel, Matsushita, and Toshiba. In addition to these two categories, in the future, operating system developers like Microsoft or Sun Microsystems may also develop or license digital rights management solutions for inclusion in their operating systems. The primary bases of competition for providers of DRM solutions include: . range of content types and markets, from specific content type to general purpose, multiple markets; . flexibility of pricing and other business options, from narrow, fixed rules to flexible, dynamic rules; . price of solution, from as high as 30-40% to a nominal percentage of transaction value; . range of usage environments, from personal computer-based, online-only to multiple devices, offline and online; . choice of service providers, from being tied to a single vendor that also provides DRM technology and processing services, to being able to choose among multiple, competing service providers; and . business model of DRM provider, from vertically-integrated technology provider to neutral utility model. We believe that our ability to compete depends on many other factors both within and beyond our control, including: . the ease of use, performance, features, and reliability of our solutions and our partners' applications and services as compared to those of our competitors; . the timing and market acceptance of new solutions and enhancements to existing solutions developed by us, our partners, and our competitors; 14 . the quality of our partner development and support organization and similar organizations of our partners; and . the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, and of similar efforts of our partners. We believe that we currently compete favorably with our competitors in these areas. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do. Many of these companies have broader customer relationships that could be leveraged, including relationships with many of our customers. These companies also have more established customer support and professional services organizations than we do. Intellectual Property Our success will depend in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights in our software and other technology. To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret law, and confidentiality and license agreements with our employees, customers, partners, and others. Despite these protections, others might use our intellectual property without our authorization. If this occurs, a party might copy or obtain and use our products or technology to develop similar technology. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property adequately, it could materially affect our financial performance. Moreover, potential competitors might be able to develop technologies or services similar to ours without infringing our patents. In addition, if our agreements with employees, consultants and others who participate in product and service development activities are breached, we may not have adequate remedies, and our trade secrets may become known or independently developed by competitors. Patents We have devoted substantial time, resources, and capital to protecting our intellectual property. We currently hold 18 United States patents, one European patent, and one Australian patent. We also have filed 47 additional United States patent applications, as well as counterpart foreign applications in many instances. We believe that our issued patents and patent applications cover a broad range of subjects generally relating to protecting electronic rights and content, enabling secure electronic transactions, and applying DRM technology in the digital economy. Expenses associated with the preparation of new patent applications, patent application processing fees, and attorneys costs associated with patent applications and maintaining our patent portfolio totaled $262,000 for the year ended December 31, 2000, $244,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999, and $237,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998. Any pending or future patent applications may not be granted, existing or future patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, and the rights granted under a patent that has issued or any patent that may issue may not provide competitive advantages to us. Many of our current and potential competitors dedicate substantial resources to protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, especially patents. If a blocking patent has issued or issues in the future, we would need either to obtain a license or to design around the patent. We might not be able to obtain a required license on acceptable terms, if at all, or to design around the patent. In part due to our broad range of technologies, we have not conducted and do not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether technology that is used in our products infringes patents held by other third parties. In addition, it is difficult to proceed with certainty in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, relating to similar technologies. In the past, we have received notices alleging potential infringements by us of the proprietary rights of others. In January 1996, we received a letter from an attorney representing E-Data Corporation containing an allegation of infringement of a patent E-Data allegedly owns. We exchanged 15 correspondence with E-Data's attorneys ending in September 1996. We have not heard from any representative of E-Data since that time. In November 1997, we received a letter from representatives of TAU Systems Corporation informing us of two patents held by TAU Systems. In the letter, the representatives stated their opinion that our Commerce software contained various elements recited in the two patents and requested that we discuss licensing the technology of these patents. We responded to the letter stating that, although we had not undertaken a detailed review of the patents, we were unaware of any of our products having all of the elements required by the patent claims. We have not received any further correspondence from TAU Systems. In May 1999, we received a letter from representatives of TechSearch LLC offering us a license to a patent held by TechSearch. We have reviewed the patent and do not believe that we need to obtain a license to this patent. In the future, we could be found to infringe upon the patent rights of E-Data, TAU Systems, TechSearch, or other companies. Furthermore, companies in the software market are increasingly bringing suits alleging infringement of their proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. If we were to discover that our products violate third-party proprietary rights, we might not be able to obtain licenses to continue offering these products without substantial reengineering. Efforts to undertake this reengineering might not be successful, licenses might be unavailable on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, and litigation might not be avoided or settled without substantial expense and damage awards. Other Intellectual Property We have received United States and selected foreign registrations for our InterTrust, DigiBox, MetaTrust, and The MetaTrust Utility trademarks. We also have pending applications for United States and foreign registration of several of our trademarks and service marks, including InterRights, Rights/PD, TrustMail, TrustNet, and others. We do not know if these marks will be approved. In addition, a significant portion of our marks use the words inter, trust, meta, or digi. We are aware of other companies that use one or more of these words in their marks, alone or in combination with other words. We do not expect to be able to prevent all third-party uses of these words. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, and effective patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret protection may not be available in these jurisdictions. We license our proprietary rights to third parties, and these licensees may fail to abide by compliance and quality control guidelines relating to our proprietary rights or may take actions that would harm our business. Our partners may rely in part on licenses included within the sealed packaging of commercial software and licenses on a web site that are entered into by clicking with a computer mouse on a button denoting assent to the terms of the license displayed on the web site. These licenses, however, may be or become unenforceable under the laws of some jurisdictions. As with other software products, our products are susceptible to unauthorized copying and uses that may go undetected. Policing unauthorized use is difficult. Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if meritless, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources and could result in injunctions preventing us from distributing particular products and services. These claims could harm our business. We also rely on technology that we license from third parties, including software that is integrated with internally developed software and used in our products and services to perform key functions. Third-party technology licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. The loss of any of these technologies could harm our business. Although we generally seek to be indemnified against claims that technology licensed by us infringes the intellectual property rights of others, we do not receive indemnification in some cases. In some cases indemnification is not available for all types of intellectual property and proprietary rights, and in other cases the scope of indemnification is limited. Even if we receive broad indemnification, third-party indemnitors are not always well-capitalized and may not be able to indemnify us in the event of infringement, resulting in substantial liability to us. Infringement or invalidity claims may arise from the incorporation of third-party technology, and our customers may make claims for indemnification. These claims, even if meritless, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources in addition to potential product or service redevelopment costs and delays, all of which could harm our business. 16 Standards Bodies and Industry Groups We participate in selected industry groups to promote digital rights management in the computer, consumer electronics, publishing, and entertainment markets. With this aim in mind, we have most recently been involved with the following standards bodies and industry groups: Moving Picture Experts Group, Secure Digital Music Initiative, The Open eBook Forum, The Cross Industry Working Team, Copy Protection Technical Working Group, Trusted Computing Platform Alliance, and the Internet Streaming Media Alliance. We believe our activities in the Moving Picture Experts Group, Open eBook Forum, and the Secure Digital Music Initiative are of particular importance. MPEG-4, the standard for multimedia software and devices, includes an intellectual property management and protection architecture that permits DRM systems to be used in future MPEG-4 systems, including set-top boxes, DVD players, and game machines. We continue to play a major role in the definition of the intellectual property management and protection interface for all MPEG standards, which is consistent with our technology. MPEG-4 content developers can use our technology to incorporate intellectual property management and protection capabilities into their applications. The Open eBook Forum is developing global standards for electronic publishing and has generated a specification to enable publications to be readily published or re-publishing on any platform from personal computers to handheld devices. The Open eBook Forum is also working on standards related to digital rights management. We hold a seat on the Board of Directors and co- chair the DRM working group at the Open eBook Forum. The Secure Digital Music Initiative was started by the Recording Industry Association of America, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, and the Recording Industry Association of Japan shortly after the first release of the Diamond Rio MP3 music player in an effort to establish a standard for secure digital delivery and use of recorded music. We have participated in the Secure Digital Music Initiative from the beginning. We have been active as one of three vice-chairs of the first working group, which devised the specifications for secure digital music compliant-portable devices. After the approval of the Portable Device Specification, we continued to be active as chairs of various working groups as the Secure Digital Music Initiative worked to specify additional music protection and management technologies. We believe our technology will enable the protection and management of digital audio content on the Internet, personal computers, and portable devices in compliance with the Secure Digital Music Initiative specifications. We plan to continue participating actively and developing our technology to be compliant with emerging Secure Digital Music Initiative specifications. Employees At December 31, 2000, we had a total of 299 employees. Of the total, 170 were in research and development and training and support, 72 were in marketing, sales and business development, 31 were in administration and finance, and 26 were in clearinghouse services. None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good. Our future operating results depend in significant part on the continued service of our key technical, sales, and senior management personnel, none of whom is bound by an employment agreement with specified terms. Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical, sales, and senior management personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, and we may not be able to retain our key technical, sales and senior management personnel or to attract these personnel in the future. We have experienced difficulty in recruiting qualified technical, sales, and senior management personnel, and we expect to experience these difficulties in the future. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified personnel in the future, this inability could seriously harm our business. 17 RISK FACTORS In addition to the other information in this report, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business and us: Risk Related to Our Business Our business model is new and unproven and we may not succeed in generating sufficient revenue to sustain or grow our business. Our business model is new and unproven and may not generate sufficient revenue for us to be successful. The market for digital commerce services and applications has not developed as quickly as anticipated and, as a result, we might not meet analysts' expectations of our future operating results. The success of our business depends partly upon our ability to generate transaction fees in the form of a percentage of fees charged by our licensees in commercial transactions. However, some of our licensees have just begun using our technology in the commercial distribution of their products and we have not earned any material transaction fees under this business model. The volume of products and services distributed using our technology may be too small to support or grow our business. While some companies have licensed our technology, other companies may wish to use other technology based on different business models, including the payment of a one-time license fee without sharing in ongoing revenues. If we are unable to generate revenues from transaction fees, our current revenues, consisting of initial license fees and support fees, may be insufficient to sustain our business. Our quarterly operating results are volatile and difficult to predict. If we fail to meet the expectations of public market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock may decrease significantly. Our operating results have varied from period to period and, in some future quarter or quarters, will likely fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing the market price of our common stock to decline. Our quarterly operating results may fail to meet these expectations for a number of reasons, including: . the inability of our licensees and their customers to commercialize our technology, or delays or deferrals in this commercialization; . the inability of our licensees to pay our license and other fees; . our inability to develop or commercialize our technology to meet our customers' requirements on a timely basis; . a decline in the demand for digital goods and services; . a decline in the demand for our Commerce or Rights/System software products; . our failure to quickly reduce costs in the event of unanticipated declines in revenues in a given period; . delays or failure to license our Commerce software and services to one or more partners; . expenses related to the issuance of stock to our partners; . higher than expected operating expenses; . higher spending on deployment programs; and . customer budget cycles and changes in these budget cycles. We are dependent on international sales which subject us to a variety of risks. We received approximately 45% of our total revenues in 2000, 61% of our total revenues in 1999, and 34% of our total revenues in 1998 from sales to customers located outside the United States. Our international business activities are subject to a variety of risks, including the adoption and changes of laws, actions by third parties and political and economic conditions that could restrict or eliminate our ability to do business in certain 18 jurisdictions. Although we currently transact business in U.S dollars, if we transact business in foreign currencies in the future, we will become subject to the risks associated with transacting in foreign currencies, including potential negative effects of exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not adopted a hedging program to protect from risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. Government regulation and requirements influence our sales internationally. Current or new government laws and regulations, or the application of existing laws and regulations including those related to property ownership, content and taxation, could expose us to significant liabilities, significantly slow our growth or otherwise seriously harm our business and results of operations. If we or third parties do not deploy our technology and create a market for digital commerce, our business will be harmed. Relationships with leading content, technology, and commerce service providers are critical to our success. Our business and operating results would be harmed to the extent we or our licensees fail, in whole or in part, to: . deploy our technology; . develop an infrastructure for the sale and delivery of digital goods and services; . generate transaction fees from the sale of digital content and services; . develop and deploy new applications; and . promote brand preference for InterTrust products and services and the MetaTrust Utility. We have a history of losses, and we expect our operating expenses and losses to increase significantly. Our failure to increase our revenues significantly would seriously harm our business. We derive most of our revenues from the sale of a small number of licenses. As a result, any delay in the recognition of revenue from a license would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for subsequent accounting periods. We have experienced operating losses in each quarterly and annual period since inception, and we expect to incur significant and increasing losses in the future. We incurred net losses of $55.6 million in 2000, $28.6 million in 1999, and $19.7 million in 1998. We expect to significantly increase our research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. As a result of these additional expenses, we must significantly increase our revenues to become profitable. We expect to incur significant losses for at least the foreseeable future. We need to significantly increase the number of companies that license our technology to sustain and grow our business. We will not generate sufficient revenue to grow our business unless we maintain relationships with existing licensees and significantly increase the number of companies that license our technology and use it for the sale and management of digital information and services. We have not yet attracted, and may not in the future be able to attract, a sufficient number of these companies. As of December 31, 2000, only 61 companies have licensed our software for commercial use. As of December 31, 2000, approximately eight companies have been involved in the limited commercial deployment of our technology. Our ability to attract new licensees will depend on a variety of factors, including the following: . the performance, reliability and security of our products and services; . the scalability of our products and services--the ability to rapidly increase deployment size from a limited number of end-users to a very large number of end-users; . the cost-effectiveness of our products and services; and our ability to market our products and services effectively. 19 Our ability to attract new licensees will also depend on the performance of our initial licensees and the overall success of the MetaTrust Utility. Many potential licensees may resist working with us until our and our licensees' applications and services have been successfully introduced into the market and have achieved market acceptance. We may not be able to attract a critical mass of licensees that will develop products and establish clearinghouses and other commerce services, and our licensees may not achieve the widespread deployment of users we believe is necessary for us to become successful. In addition, we may not be able to establish relationships with important potential customers if we have already established relationships with their competitors. Therefore, it is important that we are perceived as a neutral and trusted technology and service provider. In addition, we require that products and services operating within the MetaTrust Utility comply with specifications administered by us. Potential licensees may be unwilling to be subject to the control of these specifications. Our operating results could be harmed if our licensees or potential licensees suffer from downward economic cycles. Our ability to license our technology depends on the economic strength and budgetary cycles of potential licensees. Many of our licensees are Internet- related and start-up companies that currently face unfavorable market conditions and budgetary pressures. Some of our licensees might default on their payment obligations to us. This may be disruptive to our business and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The long and complex process of licensing our Commerce and other software and hardware products could delay the deployment of our technology and harm our business. Licensing our Commerce and other software and hardware products is a long and complex process. If initial license fees are delayed or reduced as a result of this process, our future revenue and operating results could be impaired. Before committing to license our product, our licensees must generally consider a wide range of issues including product benefits, installation and infrastructure requirements, ability to work with existing computer systems, ability to support a large user base, functionality, security, and reliability. The process of entering into a licensing agreement with a company typically involves lengthy negotiations. As a result of our long sales cycle, which in the past has generally ranged from six months to 18 months, it is difficult for us to predict the quarter in which a particular prospect might sign a license agreement. In addition, in some cases we develop specific software applications for our licensees. We cannot predict if we will deliver these applications in a timely manner or at all. Because our technology must be integrated into the products and services of our licensees, there will be significant delay between our licensing the software and our licensees' commercial deployment of their products and services, which will delay our receipt of transaction fee revenue. Our success depends upon the deployment of our technology by a potential licensee in the use and sale of digital content. Our licensees undertake a lengthy process of integrating our technology into their existing systems or a new system. The integration often receives re-engineering of these business processes, which may delay the deployment of our technology. Until a licensee deploys our technology, we do not receive transaction fees from that licensee. We expect that the period between entering into a licensing arrangement and the time our licensee commercially deploys applications based on our Commerce software will be lengthy and will vary, which makes it difficult for us to predict when revenue will be recognized. 20 Our Commerce and other software and hardware products have only recently been used by our licensees in pilot programs, making evaluation of our business and prospects difficult. We began offering the general availability release of our Commerce software in December 1998, and recently released version 1.3 in July 2000. Our and our licensees' applications and services based on our Commerce and other software and hardware products are in development or have only been released for evaluation in very limited commercial launches. It is still possible that we or our licensees may uncover serious technical and other problems resulting in the delay or failure of the commercial deployment of our licensees' implementation of our Commerce software, including problems relating to security, the ability to support a large user base, and interoperability of our software or the combination of our software with our licensees' software. We may not successfully address any of these problems and the failure to do so would seriously harm our business and operating results. Security breaches of our software and our licensees' software could result in decreased demand for our technology by our licensees or their customers or in litigation. The secure transmission and trusted management of proprietary or confidential information over the Internet are essential to establishing and maintaining confidence in our Commerce and other software and hardware and the software and services developed using our software. Without this confidence, potential or current licensees may not use our technology and their customers may not trust and use our licensees' products. Therefore, security concerns and security breaches of our and our licensees' software could harm our business and operating results. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the security technology, including cryptography technology, that we and our licensees use to protect customer digital content and transaction data. Security breaches could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation. Our insurance policies have low coverage limits that may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches. We cannot guarantee that our security measures will prevent security breaches. Defects in our software and the software of our licensees could delay deployment of our technology and reduce our revenues. Defects or errors in current or future products could result in delayed or failed deployment of our technology, lost revenues, or a delay in or failure to achieve market acceptance, any of which could seriously harm our business and operating results. Complex software products like ours often contain errors or defects, including errors relating to security, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Because this is a system used for commerce, we believe the standards for reliability and performance will be very high. If our or our licensees' products and services contain errors or defects not discovered in the process of development and pilot programs, it could seriously undermine the perceived trust and security needed for a commercial system and could delay or prevent market acceptance of digital commerce resulting in serious harm to our business and operating results. The deployment and use of our products expose us to substantial risks of product liability claims because our products are expected to be used in sensitive and valuable digital commerce transactions and because we require our partners to comply with our specifications. Although our license agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to product liability claims, it is possible that these limitations of liability provisions may not be effective as a result of existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions. A product liability claim brought against us, even if not successful, would likely be time consuming and costly to defend and could significantly harm our business and operating results. 21 If we are unable to continue obtaining third-party software and applications, we could be forced to change our product offering or find alternative suppliers, which could delay shipment of our product. We integrate third-party software with our software. We would be seriously harmed if the providers from which we license software ceased to deliver and support reliable products, enhance their current products, or respond to emerging industry standards. In addition, the third-party software may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or inability to maintain or obtain this software, could result in shipment delays or reductions, or could force us to limit the features available in our current or future product offerings. Either alternative could seriously harm our business and operating results. The market for digital rights management will be subject to rapid technological change and new product introductions and enhancements that we may not be able to address. We need to develop and introduce new products, technologies, and services. The market for digital rights management solutions is fragmented and marked by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, uncertain product life cycles, and changes in customer demands. To succeed, we must develop and introduce, in response to customer and market demands, new releases of our Commerce software that offer features and functionality that we do not currently provide. Any delays in our ability to develop and release enhanced or new products could seriously harm our business and operating results. In the past we have experienced delays in new product releases, and we may experience similar delays in the future. Our markets are highly competitive and we may not be able to compete successfully against current or potential competitors, reducing our market share and revenue growth. Our markets are new, rapidly evolving, and highly competitive, and we expect this competition to persist and intensify in the future. Our failure to maintain and enhance our competitive position could reduce our market share and cause our revenues to grow more slowly than anticipated or not at all. We encounter current or potential competition from a number of sources, including: . providers of secure digital distribution technology like Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, Liquid Audio, Preview Systems, and Content Guard; . providers of hardware-based content metering and copy protection systems, including Sony and the 4C Entity, comprised of IBM, Intel, Matsushita, and Toshiba; and . operating system manufacturers, including Microsoft or Sun Microsystems, that may develop or license digital rights management solutions for inclusion in their operating systems. Potential competitors may bundle their products or incorporate a digital rights management component into existing products in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our products. For example, we expect that future releases of Microsoft's Windows operating system, which manages the programs on a computer, will include components addressing digital rights management functions. Furthermore, new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements than we do. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do. Many of these companies have more extensive customer bases and broader partner relationships that they could leverage, including relationships with many of our current and potential partners. These companies also have significantly more established customer support and professional services organizations than we do. In addition, these companies may adopt aggressive pricing policies. 22 Any acquisitions that we make could disrupt our business and harm our operating results. We purchased one company and the assets of a second company in 2000 and may continue to acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies. In the event of any such investments, acquisitions or joint ventures we could: . issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders' percentage ownership; . incur debt; . assume liabilities; . incur amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets; or . incur large and immediate write-offs. These investments, acquisitions or joint ventures also involve numerous risks, including: . problems combining the purchased operations, technologies or products with ours; . unanticipated costs; . division of management's attention from our core business; . adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; . potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired organizations; and . reliance to our disadvantage on the judgement and decisions of third parties and lack of control over the operations of a joint venture partner. Any acquisition or joint venture may cause our financial results to suffer as a result of these risks. We and our licensees may be found to infringe proprietary rights of others, resulting in litigation, redesign expenses, or costly licenses. Digital rights management is an emerging field in which our competitors, may obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, or limit or interfere with, our, or our licensees', ability to make, use, or sell products. Furthermore, companies in the software market are increasingly bringing suits alleging infringement of their proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. We and our licensees could incur substantial costs to defend or settle any litigation, and intellectual property litigation could force us to do one or more of the following: . cease selling, incorporating, or using products or services that incorporate the infringed intellectual property; . obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right; or . redesign products or services to avoid infringement. Our or our licensees' products and services may be subject to a claim of patent infringement independent of any infringement by our software. In the past, we have received notices alleging potential infringement by us of the proprietary rights of others. In January 1996, we received a letter from an attorney representing E-Data Corporation containing an allegation of infringement of a patent E-Data allegedly owns. We exchanged correspondence with E-Data's attorneys ending in September 1996. We have not heard from any representative of E-Data since that time. In November 1997, we received a letter from representatives of TAU Systems Corporation informing us of two patents held by TAU Systems. In the letter, the representatives stated their opinion that our Commerce software contained various elements recited in the two patents and requested that we discuss licensing the technology of these patents. We responded to the letter stating that, although we had not undertaken a detailed review of the patents, 23 we were unaware of any of our products having one of the elements required by the patent claims. We have not received any further correspondence from TAU Systems. In May 1999, we received a letter from representatives of TechSearch LLC offering us a license to a patent held by TechSearch. We have reviewed the patent and do not believe that we need to obtain a license to this patent. In the future, however, we or our licensees could be found to infringe upon the patent rights of E-Data, TAU Systems, TechSearch, or other companies. Protection of our intellectual property is limited and efforts to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate, time consuming, and expensive. Our success and ability to compete are substantially dependent on our proprietary technology and trademarks, which we attempt to protect through a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret, and trademark laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions. These legal protections afford only limited protection and may be time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property. Also, our competitors may independently develop similar, but not infringing, technology, duplicate our products, or design around our patents or our other intellectual property. Our patent applications or trademark registrations may not be approved. Moreover, even if approved, the resulting patents or trademarks may not provide us with any competitive advantage or may be challenged by third parties. If challenged, our patents might not be upheld or their claims could be narrowed. Any litigation surrounding our rights could force us to divert important financial and other resources away from our business operations. In addition, we license our products internationally, and the laws of many countries do not protect our proprietary rights as well as the laws of the United States. To successfully license our product and grow our business, we must retain and attract key personnel; competition for these personnel is intense. Our success depends largely on the skills, experience, and performance of the members of our senior management and other key personnel, including our chairman of the board and chief executive officer, Victor Shear. None of our senior management or other key personnel must remain employed for any specific time period. If we lose key employees, our business and operating results could be significantly harmed. In addition, our future success will depend largely on our ability to continue attracting, integrating, and retaining highly skilled personnel. We have recently hired many key personnel, including our president and our chief financial officer. Our ability to effectively execute our strategies will depend in part upon our ability to integrate new personnel into our operations. Further, competition for qualified sales and marketing personnel is intense. We may not be able to hire enough qualified individuals in the future or in a timely manner. New employees require extensive training and typically take at least four to six months to achieve full productivity. Although we provide compensation packages that include stock options, cash incentives, and other employee benefits, the volatility and current market price of our stock may make it difficult for us to attract, assimilate, and retain highly qualified employees. Failure to appropriately manage our growth and expansion could seriously harm our business and operating results. Our historical growth has placed, and any further growth is likely to continue to place, a significant strain on our resources. Any failure to manage growth effectively could seriously harm our business and operating results. We have grown from 87 employees at December 31, 1997 to approximately 299 employees at December 31, 2000. To be successful, we will need to implement additional management information systems, improve our operating, administrative, financial and accounting systems and controls, train new employees, and maintain close coordination among our executive, engineering, accounting, finance, marketing, and operations organizations. 24 Our stock price has been volatile in the past and is likely to continue to be volatile. The market price of our common stock has been volatile in the past and is likely to continue to be volatile. In addition, the securities markets in general, and Internet stocks in particular, have experienced significant price volatility and accordingly the trading price of our common stock is likely to be affected by this activity. We have implemented anti-takeover provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire us. Our sixth amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if its doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include: . authorizing the issuance of shares of undesignated preferred stock without a vote of stockholders; . prohibiting stockholder action by written consent; and . limitations on stockholders' ability to call special stockholder meetings. We are also currently considering other anti-takeover measures, including a stockholders' rights plan. Stockholders may incur dilution as a result of future equity issuances. We have in the past and may in the future issue equity securities to our partners. If we issue additional equity securities, stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. Industry-Related Risks Our revenues may not grow and our stock price may decline if digital music commerce over the Internet does not develop. We currently devote a significant portion of our time, resources, and attention pursuing partnerships and business within the music industry. As a result, if digital music commerce over the Internet does not develop, or develops more slowly than expected, our business and operating results will be significantly harmed. A number of factors could delay or prevent the development of digital music commerce. These factors include: . music content providers' inability to attract significant music artists, record labels, and recordings to be distributed in their format; . lack of development and adoption of compression technology to facilitate digital delivery of music or related information like music videos; and . lack of development and adoption of consumer devices that are able to play downloaded digital music. We may not receive sufficient revenues to be successful and our stock price will decline if use of the Internet for commercial distribution of digital content is not widely accepted. Acceptance and use of the Internet for commercial distribution of digital content may not continue to develop at recent rates, and a sufficiently broad base of consumers may not adopt, and continue to use, the Internet and other online services as a medium for digital commerce. Because our transaction fees are derived from digital commerce transactions, if digital commerce is not accepted for any reason, our revenues would not grow sufficiently and our business and operating results would be significantly harmed. We depend on the widespread acceptance of commerce in digital information over the Internet, through DVD, and other means. These methods for distribution of digital information may not be commercially accepted for a number of reasons, including: . failure to develop the necessary infrastructure for communication of digital information and for payment processing; 25 . failure to develop or deploy enabling technologies, including compression or broadband technology necessary for distribution of particular digital content over the Internet; . reduced demand for paid digital content due to the widespread availability of free content online and the ability to use and distribute this content without restriction; and . insufficient speed, access, and server reliability, as well as lengthy download time for content. If standards for digital rights management are not adopted, confusion among content providers, distributors, and consumers may depress the level of digital commerce, which would reduce our revenues. If standards for digital rights management are not adopted or complied with, content providers may delay distributing content until they are confident that the technology by which the content is to be distributed will be commercially accepted. Standards for the distribution of various digital content might not develop or might be found to violate antitrust laws or fair use of copyright policies. In addition, the failure to develop a standard among device manufacturers may affect the market for digital goods and services. As a result, consumers may delay purchasing products and services that include our technology if they are uncertain of commercial acceptance of the standards with which our technology complies. There is uncertainty in the market as to the best way to offer music digitally. For example, there are a number different software formats available and it is possible that not all music will play on the same devices. Consumer acceptance of digital delivery of music depends upon the ability of the various software formats to work together. Consequently, if a standard format for the secure delivery of content on the Internet is not adopted, or if the standards are not compatible with our digital rights management technology, our business and operating results would likely be harmed. We may face increased governmental regulation and legal uncertainties that could increase our costs and provide a barrier to doing business. Exports of software products utilizing encryption technology are generally restricted by the United States and various foreign governments. Although we have obtained approval to export our Commerce software, changes in export laws and regulations may impose restrictions that affect our ability to distribute products and services internationally, limiting our ability to gain revenue and grow our business. It is also possible that Congress or individual states could enact laws regulating or taxing Internet commerce. In addition, several telecommunications companies have petitioned the Federal Communications Commission to regulate Internet service providers in a manner similar to long distance telephone carriers and to impose access fees on these companies. Access fees, sales taxes or any other taxes or fees could increase the cost of transmitting data over the Internet and reduce the number or amount of transactions from which we get our transaction fees. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our principal administrative, sales, marketing, and research and development facilities occupy approximately 121,000 square feet in Santa Clara, California under two leases that terminate in September 2004. We also lease office space for research and development facilities in Portland, Oregon under a lease that terminates in February 2006 occupying approximately 17,000 square feet, in Billerica, Massachusetts under a lease that terminates in August 2005 occupying 9,400 square feet, and in Princeton, New Jersey under a lease that terminates in April 2006, occupying 9,700 square feet. InterTrust International, our wholly-owned subsidiary, has offices located in London, England, and Tokyo, Japan. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS None. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS No matters were submitted during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2000. 26 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS On February 24, 2000, we consummated a two-for-one stock split. All share and per share data have been restated to reflect the split. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol ITRU. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the low and high bid prices per share for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market.
Low High ------ ------ Fiscal 1999 Fourth Fiscal Quarter (beginning October 27, 1999)............ $ 9.00 $93.63 Fiscal 2000 First Fiscal Quarter.......................................... $44.63 $97.47 Second Fiscal Quarter......................................... $15.63 $49.88 Third Fiscal Quarter.......................................... $11.81 $22.94 Fourth Fiscal Quarter......................................... $ 3.38 $11.00
As of December 31, 2000, there were approximately 595 holders of record of our common stock. No dividends have been paid on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES During the quarter ended December 31, 2000, we issued 874,718 shares of common stock valued at $3.3 million to PassEdge Corporation in addition to $7.8 million in cash and acquisition related costs of $60,000, in exchange for $11.2 million in technology and other assets. The above shares were issued pursuant to an exemption by reason of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. These sales were made without general solicitation or advertising. Each purchaser was an accredited investor or a sophisticated investor (either alone or through its representative) with access to all relevant information necessary. These shares have not been registered for resale by us. USE OF PROCEEDS On April 12, 2000 we completed a public offering in which we sold 2,820,244 shares of common stock at $35 per share pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-32484) that was declared effective on April 6, 2000. The total aggregate proceeds from these transactions were $98.7 million. Underwriters' discounts and other related costs were approximately $6.5 million resulting in net proceeds $92.2 million. On November 1,1999, we completed our initial public offering, in which we sold 13,000,000 shares of common stock at $9 per share pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033) that was declared effective on October 26, 1999. Additionally, we sold 1,950,000 shares of common stock at $9 per share in connection with the exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. The total aggregate proceeds from these transactions were $134.6 million. Underwriters' discounts and other related costs were approximately $11.2 resulting in net proceeds $123.4 million. The net proceeds were used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Remaining proceeds were predominantly held in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at December 31, 2000. 27 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, the consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2000 and 1999 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Form 10-K. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
Years Ended December 31, ----------------------------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenues: Licenses..................... $ 4,150 $ 778 $ -- $ 1,000 $ -- Software support and training.................... 3,149 613 152 100 25 Services..................... 244 150 -- -- -- Hardware..................... 445 -- -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Total revenues.............. 7,988 1,541 152 1,100 25 Cost of revenues: Licenses..................... 436 141 -- -- -- Software support and training.................... 910 470 191 102 5 Services..................... 3,670 436 -- -- -- Hardware..................... 445 -- -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Total cost of revenues...... 5,461 1,047 191 102 5 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Gross profit (loss)........... 2,527 494 (39) 998 20 Operating costs and expenses: Research and development..... 24,475 16,472 13,041 8,287 4,852 Sales and marketing.......... 18,539 6,886 3,870 2,717 1,573 General and administrative... 9,890 5,588 2,717 1,932 1,735 Purchased in-process research and development............. 6,100 -- -- -- -- Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets..... 3,004 -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation.......... 3,326 1,704 -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Total operating costs and expenses................... 65,334 30,650 19,628 12,936 8,160 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Loss from operations.......... (62,807) (30,156) (19,667) (11,938) (8,140) Interest income, net.......... 10,867 1,876 5 229 180 Loss on debt and equity investments.................. (3,699) -- -- -- -- Provision for foreign income taxes........................ (2) (325) -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- Net loss...................... $(55,641) $(28,605) $(19,662) $(11,709) $(7,960) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= Basic and diluted net loss per share........................ $ (0.66) $ (0.71) $ (0.70) $ (0.43) $ (0.33) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= Shares used in computing the net loss per share........... 84,016 40,426 27,932 27,278 23,826 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= December 31, ----------------------------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- (in thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents and marketable and restricted investments.................. $176,245 $140,834 $ 5,575 $ 1,884 $ 8,359 Working capital............... 153,309 136,551 4,939 607 7,561 Total assets.................. 226,873 151,497 8,280 3,111 9,076 Total Stockholders equity (deficit).................... 207,348 133,352 (2,014) (847) 1,708
28 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following commentary should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "intend" or "continue," or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Overview We have developed a general purpose digital rights management, or DRM, platform to serve as a foundation for providers of digital information, technology, and commerce services to participate in a global e-commerce system. InterTrust was formed and incorporated in January 1990. From inception through 1998, our efforts were principally devoted to research and development, raising capital, recruiting personnel, and establishing licensing relationships. As a result, we were considered a development stage enterprise during this period. The general availability version of our Commerce software was not delivered to our partners until December 1998. Some partners began using the technology on a limited commercial basis in January 2000. We license our DRM platform and software to companies to build digital commerce services and applications. Our goal is to license to content, technology, and commerce services partners to achieve widespread dissemination of our technology, an expanding consumer base, and broad participation by digital information providers. We currently derive of our revenues from initial license fees, associated software support and training services, TrustNet clearinghouse services, professional services, and the sale of chips containing our DRM technology. Our license agreements also generally require our partners to pay a transaction fee that is a percentage of amounts paid by users or charged by our partners in commercial transactions and services that use our technology, and for sales of products incorporating our technology. Some of our license agreements relating to uses of our technology within enterprises for privately managing proprietary data may require a per-user fee. Within the next several years, we anticipate that a significant portion of our revenues will be derived primarily from transaction fees. Any future transaction fees are dependent on the success of our licensees and their customers in commercially deploying services and applications. We are targeting relationships that will establish our DRM platform in several markets, including entertainment, business information, and publishing. To date, a significant part of our licensing efforts has been focused on adoption of our technology by the music industry as we believe it will be an early implementer of DRM technology. We believe that if our general purpose platform is adopted in the music market, we will be positioned to have our platform adopted in additional markets including video and publishing. We have four basic types of license agreements: commerce service licenses, business licenses, applications licenses and hardware licenses. These agreements provide different rights and technology depending on the commercial plans of our partners. Initial license fees received from these agreements may vary in amount depending on factors such as partner commitments, scope of the license as it relates to commercial markets, territory, and term of agreement. Examples of partner commitments include deploying licensed products within a specified time frame, exclusively using portions of our technology, and using and publicly promoting us as the partner's preferred digital rights management technology. We have in the past decided, and may in the future decide, to reduce or eliminate initial license fees based on these factors. We do not believe that we can determine the amount of foregone revenue due to reduced or eliminated license fees with any reliable degree of certainty. Our license fees are negotiated based on the terms and conditions of each individual agreement and take into 29 account the scope of the license, the term, and the other commitments made by our partners that provide strategic value to us. In addition, we have entered into a limited number of license agreements which have varying license scopes and terms and which do not provide adequate comparable data to determine the amount of foregone revenue. In connection with our strategy to promote widespread use of our technology, through December 31, 2000, we have on three occasions received initial license fees for our Commerce software in the form of minority equity positions in the licensees. Additionally, on five occasions we received initial license fees in the form of convertible promissory notes. In the future, we may enter into other equity payment arrangements. Licenses of our Commerce software generally require the payment of an initial license fee. Initial license revenue, net of any discounts granted, is recognized upon execution of a license agreement and delivery of our software if we have no remaining obligations relating to development, upgrades, new releases, or other future deliverables, if the license fee is fixed or determinable, and if collection of the fee is probable. Our license agreements generally include the right to obtain access to upgrades and new releases, on a when and if available basis, for a specified period. Under these circumstances, the license payments received, net of any discounts granted, in advance of revenue recognition are deferred and recognized on a subscription basis over the period of obligation beginning upon delivery of the licensed product. In addition, under license agreements where we are obligated to provide a specified custom development deliverable and do not have vendor specific objective evidence of fair value of the specified deliverable, all of the license revenue is deferred until the specified upgrade has been delivered. Upon delivery of the specified deliverable, license revenue is recognized using the subscription method. We began recognizing revenue under some license agreements in January 1999, after shipping the general availability version of our Commerce software at the end of December 1998. At December 31, 2000, we had approximately $13.5 million of deferred license revenue that will be recognized in future periods. Through December 31, 2000, on three occasions we received license fees in the form of minority equity positions in non-public entities. On five occasions we received license fees in the form of convertible promissory notes from non-public entities in exchange for technology licenses. One of these convertible promissory notes was already converted into 125,000 shares of common stock which we believe represented approximately 1% of the outstanding shares of the licensee as of the conversion date. Because the entities were recently formed, privately held companies, and InterTrust was unable to obtain sufficient evidence of the fair value of the common stock of the entity or sufficient evidence of the fair value of the convertible promissory notes and collectibility was not probable, InterTrust did not record revenue or deferred revenue from the license fees. InterTrust is obligated to provide unspecified upgrades and new releases, on a when and if available basis, to the licensees over a one to two year period under the agreements for additional fees. InterTrust is not obligated to provide any funding to any licensee for the development of the licensee's software. Our license agreements also require the payment of a transaction fee that is a percentage of revenues received by our partners from transactions and services that use our technology and sales of products incorporating our technology. Transactions involving the use of our technology to conduct the sale, lease, rental, or licensing of commercial content require the payment of a transaction fee based on the amounts paid by users or charged by our partners for selling or distributing the content. Transactions involving the use of our technology for commercial services generally require the payment of a transaction fee based on the amounts paid by users or charged by our partners for the services. Transactions involving the sale, lease, rental, or licensing of products incorporating our technology generally require the payment of a transaction fee based on the amounts paid by users or charged by our partners for the product. Our partners are required to pay all amounts due for transaction fees within specified periods, depending on the licensing arrangement. Our revenue recognition policy relating to transaction fees is to recognize the revenue when the amounts due are known, which will generally be in the quarter after the transaction. Prepaid transaction fees are recorded as deferred revenue and will be recognized when the related transactions occur. We have received $1.5 million in prepaid transaction fees which are included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2000. Prepaid transaction fees may generally be offset against a portion of transaction fee amounts due in any given quarter. To date, we have not recognized any material transaction fees from commercial transactions or services, or sales of products. 30 Software support and training services, which typically include the right to telephone and online support and customer training, are generally provided for in the license agreements for an agreed-upon amount. Software support and training service revenue is recognized over the period in which the services are provided. TrustNet clearinghouse service revenues represent primarily service fees from our customers for the use of our TrustNet clearinghouse infrastructure in pilot and test applications and services. Service revenues generally include consulting and system integration services provided to the customer to establish an interface with the TrustNet clearinghouse and monthly service fees to use TrustNet for the clearing of commercial transactions. Consulting and system integration fees are recognized as services are performed and monthly service fees are recognized over the term of the service period. Professional services represent fees for consulting services provided to our customers for development and system integration not essential to the functionality of the software licensed. The revenue from these services is recognized as services are performed. Hardware revenue is comprised of sales of chips containing our software to a single customer, who is also a licensee of our technology, and with whom we have a short-term contract to provide chips for testing and trial production. The revenue from the sale of chips is recognized as the chips are shipped. Through the end of 2000, we had a limited number of licensees. PricewaterhouseCoopers, National Computer Systems of Singapore, and Bertelsmann accounted for 20%, 17% and 8% of total revenues respectively, in 2000. Mitsubishi, a stockholder, Reciprocal, and Computacenter accounted for 25%, 13%, and 12% of total revenues, respectively, in 1999. Our success depends on significantly increasing the number of companies that license our technology and use it for the sale and management of digital content and services. In view of the rapidly changing nature of our industry and our new and unproven business model, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of revenues and operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. In addition, our business model has not succeeded in generating sufficient revenue to sustain our business. We also operate in an intensely competitive market for highly qualified technical, sales and marketing, and management personnel and periodically make salary and other compensation adjustments to retain and hire employees. We anticipate that our operating expenses will substantially increase in future quarters. As a result, we will need to generate significant additional revenue to achieve and maintain profitability. In addition, we have limited and delayed insight on consumer trends and sales, which makes prediction of our future revenues difficult. We expect to incur additional losses for at least the next several years. In January 2001, we signed a purchase agreement with PublishOne Inc. ("PublishOne"), a developer of online publishing software solutions and distribution services for business information publishers. Prior to the acquisition, InterTrust owned approximately 7.9% of PublishOne's stock. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we acquired the remaining 92.1% of the shares of PublishOne in exchange for 976,423 shares of our common stock with an approximate fair value of $5 million and assumed all outstanding options of PublishOne, which were converted into options to purchase 1,155,221 shares of our common stock with an approximate fair value of $6 million. The transaction will be accounted for as a purchase with an estimated purchase price of $11 million. Additionally, the agreement includes contingent consideration of 473,577 shares to be issued upon PublishOne meeting certain milestones, as specified in the agreement. We are currently evaluating the acquisition, including the value of in-process research and development, in order to determine the allocation of the purchase price for accounting purposes. In December 2000, we purchased technology and other assets from PassEdge Corporation, a developer of software solutions for managing digital rights for internet based video broadcasting, in exchange for $7.8 million in cash, acquisition related costs of $60,000, and 874,718 shares of our common stock with a fair value of $3.3 million. The purchase price of $11.2 million was capitalized as purchased technology, fixed asset and other intangible assets. We are amortizing the value of the technology acquired over its estimated useful life of 31 approximately four years and the value of the other intangible assets over their estimated useful lives of approximately three years. In March, 2000, we acquired Infinite Ink Corporation, a developer of software solutions for rendering and protecting electronic publishing. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we acquired all of the shares of Infinite Ink in exchange for 230,462 shares of our common stock with an aggregate fair value of $18.7 million, and assumed 68,052 stock options with an aggregate fair value of $5.8 million. Our consolidated financial statements include the operating results of Infinite Ink from the date of acquisition. The transaction was accounted for as a purchase with a total purchase price of $24.5 million. Of this amount, $6.1 million was expensed in March 2000 as purchased in-process research and development. Purchased in-process research and development consisted of three projects to combine digital rights management with a software system that would allow users to securely purchase and view published content on their personal computers. The projects in development were approximately 60% complete at the time of acquisition and have been incorporated into our product. Our management is responsible for estimating the fair value of the purchased in-process research and development. We estimated the revenues, costs and resulting net cash flows from the project and discounted the net cash flows back to their net present value. These estimates were based on several assumptions, including those summarized below. The resulting value was then adjusted to reflect only the value creation effort of Infinite Ink prior to the acquisition and further reduced by the estimated value of core technology, which was included in capitalized purchased technology. As of December 31, 2000, we estimated that the projects in development were 80% complete. Revenues and operating profit attributable to the in-process research and development were estimated over a three-year projection period. The resulting projected net cash flows were discounted to their present value using a discount rate of 30%, which was calculated based on the weighted-average cost of capital, adjusted for the technology risk associated with the purchased in- process research and development. The technology risk was considered to be significant due to the rapid pace of technological change in the software industry. The excess purchase price over the estimated value of the net tangible assets and in-process research and development was allocated to various intangible assets. $18.1 million of the excess purchase price was capitalized as goodwill, and $400,000 was capitalized as the fair value of the assembled workforce. The value of the assembled workforce was based upon the cost to replace that workforce. The goodwill and value of assembled workforce will be amortized ratably over the estimated useful lives of five and three years, respectively. In October 1999, we purchased audio decoding and rendering technology and related assets and received a license to video technology from a third party, in exchange for 170,000 shares of our common stock and $100,000 in cash. The purchase price of $1.4 million was capitalized as purchased technology and included intangible assets. We are amortizing the value of the technology acquired over its estimated useful life of approximately four years. Results of Operations Years Ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 Revenues Total revenues increased to $8.0 million in 2000 from $1.5 million in 1999. License fees, software support and training services, TrustNet clearinghouse services, and revenue from the sales of chips containing our accounted for 52%, 39%, 3%, and 6% of total revenues in 2000 and 50%, 40%, 10%, and none of total revenues in 1999. License revenues increased to $4.2 million in 2000 from $778,000 in 1999, and represent the amortization of new and deferred license fees. 32 Revenues from software support and training services increased to $3.1 million in 2000 from $613,000 in 1999. This increase was due to support and training fees from additional partner licensing agreements. TrustNet clearinghouse services revenues increased to $244,000 in 2000 from $150,000 in 1999 due to the addition of new customers. Revenue from the sale of chips containing our software totaled $445,000 in 2000 and none in 1999. This revenue results from chips sold to one customer, who is also a licensee, under the terms of a short-term purchase agreement to provide chips for testing and trial production. Cost of Revenues Cost of license revenues consists primarily of the costs incurred to manufacture, package, and distribute our products and related documentation and the amortization of purchased technology. Cost of software support and training services consists primarily of the cost of personnel, travel-related expenditures, and training materials. These expenditures are incurred both onsite at our facilities as well as off-site at partner locations. Cost of TrustNet clearinghouse services includes the cost of personnel, computer hardware, and support of the off-site service center. Costs related to the sale of chips containing our software are related to the purchase price, production, and transport of chips. Total cost of revenues was $5.5 million in 2000 and $1.0 million in 1999. The period-over-period increase resulted from increased costs incurred to support our new partners build our TrustNet and the purchase of chips in 2000. Cost of license revenues increased to $436,000 in 2000 from $141,000 in 1999 due to additional licensing agreements. Cost of license revenues is expected to increase from the amortization of purchased technology and will fluctuate from period to period depending on the number of new partners, the number of software releases, and the amount of software documentation provided to our partners during the period. Cost of software support and training services revenues increased to $910,000 in 2000 from $470,000 in 1999. The increase in cost of software support and training services revenues represents the increase in support personnel time required to provide technical assistance and training to a greater number of partners. Software support and training services costs are expected to increase as we license to new partners and may vary significantly from period to period depending on the support requirements of our partners. TrustNet clearinghouse costs increased to $3.7 million in 2000 from $436,000 in 1999. TrustNet clearinghouse costs reflect the cost of personnel, hardware expenses, and the cost of off-site service centers. TrustNet clearinghouse costs are expected to increase as we provide services to new partners and may vary significantly from period to period depending on the service requirements of our partners. Costs related to the sale of chips totaled $445,000 in 2000 and none in 1999. These costs are related to the purchase of chips from a third party, customization, and transport of the chips. Research and Development Research and development expenses consist principally of salaries and related personnel expenses, consultant fees, and the cost of software used in product development. Research and development expenses are expensed to operations as incurred. Research and development spending was $24.5 million in 2000 and $16.5 million in 1999. This increase was primarily attributable to a $5.3 million increase in personnel costs and consultant services associated with product research and development and a $1.3 million increase in facilities related expenses, such as rent and utilities. We believe that continued investment in research and development is critical to attaining our strategic product objective, and we expect these expenses to increase significantly in absolute dollars in future periods. 33 Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in direct sales, partner development, marketing, field service support, consultant fees and advertising, promotional material, and trade show exhibit expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased to $18.5 million in 2000 from $6.9 million in 1999. This increase reflects the costs associated with increased selling and promotional efforts. The increase in these costs is comprised primarily of $5.0 million in increased personnel costs, $4.0 million in increased public relations and other promotional costs, $870,000 in increased facilities related expenses, and $693,000 in increased travel costs. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase significantly in absolute dollars due to planned growth of our sales and marketing organizations, including the establishment of additional domestic and international offices, and aggressive implementation of advertising and promotional programs. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, legal, accounting and administrative personnel, professional service fees, and general corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $9.9 million in 2000 from $5.6 million in 1999. This increase was primarily attributable to a $1.5 million increase in personnel costs, as a result of increased executive, legal and accounting personnel, a $474,000 increase in building and facilities expenses, $610,000 in insurance expenses, and $501,000 in expenses related to being a public company for a full year. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we add personnel, incur additional costs to support continued growth, and implement additional operating systems necessary to support InterTrust. Acquired In-Process Research and Development In March 2000, we recorded $6.1 million of acquired in-process research and development related to our acquisition of Infinite Ink Corporation. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 16 ("APB 16"). This expense is a non-recurring charge. Amortization of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles increased to $3.0 million in 2000 from none in 1999. The increase of amortization of goodwill and purchased intangibles was due to the additional amortization related to the acquisition of Infinite Ink Corporation and the purchase of technology and other assets from PassEdge Corporation. See Note 2 of "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements." Deferred Stock Compensation We are amortizing deferred stock compensation of $8.3 million, recorded prior to January 1, 2000, over the vesting periods of the applicable options using a graded vesting method. This amount represents the difference between the exercise prices of employee stock options and what were considered to be the fair values of our common stock on the dates of the grants. We recognized $3.3 million and $1.7 million of related compensation expense in 2000 and 1999. Interest Income (Expense), Net Interest income (expense), net, consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. We recognized approximately $10.9 million of interest income in 2000 and $1.9 million in 1999. The increase in interest income is primarily attributable to the increase in our average investment balance from the proceeds of our public offering in April 2000. We had no interest expense in 2000 nor 1999. 34 Loss on Debt and Equity Investments In April through June 2000, InterTrust made investments of $6.5 million in equity securities in certain private technology companies. Investments in privately-held companies primarily consist of equity and debt securities in which we own less than a 20% interest. We do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over any of these companies and accordingly account for such investments using the cost method. These investments are assessed for impairment periodically through review of operations and indications of continued viability, such as subsequent rounds of financing. During 2000, InterTrust recorded $3.0 million in losses as a result of other than temporary declines in the value of investments in privately held companies. Furthermore, in September and October 2000, we made two loans totaling $699,000 to a privately held technology company. In December 2000, we reserved for the entire balance of the notes receivable due to the uncertainty of collection, based on the deterioration of the financial condition of the company. Income Taxes We have incurred net losses since inception for the federal and state tax purposes and have not recognized a domestic tax provision or benefit. In 2000, we recorded a tax provision of $2,000 related to foreign withholding taxes on two license agreements for which we may receive a tax benefit in the future. As of December 31, 2000, we had approximately $89.0 million of federal and approximately $15.5 million of state net operating loss carryforwards to offset against future taxable income. We also had approximately $2.2 million and $1.8 million of federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards, respectively. The related deferred tax assets have been fully reserved through December 31, 2000. The federal net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expire in years 2007 through 2020, if not used. The state net operating losses and credits expire in years 2001 through 2010, if not used. Utilization of net operating losses and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization. Results of Operations Years Ended December 31, 1999 and 1998 Revenues Total revenues increased to $1.5 million in 1999 from $152,000 in 1998. License fees, software support and training services, and TrustNet clearinghouse services accounted for 50%, 40% and 10% of total revenues in 1999. Software support and training services accounted for 100% of total revenues in 1998. License revenues were $778,000 in 1999, and represent the amortization of deferred license fees. No license revenues were recognized in 1998 as the general availability release of our Commerce software was not delivered to our partners until December 1998. Revenues from software support and training services increased to $613,000 in 1999 from $152,000 in 1998. This increase was due to support and training fees from additional partner licensing agreements. TrustNet clearinghouse services revenues of $150,000 in 1999 were received from one partner. No TrustNet clearinghouse services revenue was recognized in 1998 as the service was first offered to our partners in the fourth quarter of 1999. Cost of Revenues Cost of license revenues consists primarily of the costs incurred to manufacture, package, distribute our products and related documentation and the amortization of purchased technology. Cost of software support and training services consists primarily of the cost of personnel, travel related expenditures, and training materials. 35 These expenditures are incurred both onsite at our facilities as well as offsite at partner locations. Cost of TrustNet clearinghouse services includes the cost of personnel, computer hardware, and support of the off-site service center. Total cost of revenues was $1.0 million in 1999 and $191,000 in 1998. The period-over-period increase resulted from increased costs incurred to support our new partners and the introduction of TrustNet clearinghouse services in 1999. Cost of license revenues was $141,000 in 1999. Cost of license revenues is expected to increase from the amortization of purchased technology and will fluctuate from period to period depending on the number of new partners, the number of software releases, and the amount of software documentation provided to our partners during the period. No costs were incurred for licenses during 1998, as we did not deliver the general availability release of our Commerce software to our partners until December 1998. Cost of software support and training services revenues increased to $470,000 in 1999 from $191,000 in 1998. The increase in cost of software support and training services revenues represents the increase in support personnel time required to provide technical assistance and training to a greater number of partners. Software support and training services costs are expected to increase as we license to new partners and may vary significantly from period to period depending on the support requirements of our partners. Cost for TrustNet clearinghouse services were $436,000 in 1999 and reflect the cost of personnel, hardware expenses, and the cost of the off-site service center. No costs were incurred for TrustNet clearinghouse services during 1998, as we did not provide this service until the fourth quarter of 1999. Research and Development Research and development expenses consist principally of salaries and related personnel expenses, consultant fees, and the cost of software used in product development. Research and development expenses are expensed to operations as incurred. Research and development spending was $16.5 million in 1999 and $13.0 million in 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to a $2.6 million increase in personnel costs and consultant services associated with both product research and development and $329,000 of recruiting costs. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in direct sales, partner development, marketing, field service support, consultant fees and advertising, promotional material, and trade show exhibit expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased to $6.9 million in 1999 from $3.9 million in 1998. This increase reflects the costs associated with increased selling efforts. The increase in these costs is comprised primarily of $1.4 million in increased personnel costs, $900,000 in increased public relations and other promotional costs, and $500,000 in increased travel costs. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, legal, accounting and administrative personnel, professional service fees, and general corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $5.6 million in 1999 from $2.7 million in 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to a $1.5 million increase in personnel costs, as a result of increased executive, legal and accounting personnel, a $399,000 increase in outside legal costs, a $364,000 increase in travel costs, and $200,000 in expenses related to being a public company. Deferred Stock Compensation We recorded total deferred stock compensation of $8.3 million in 1999. This amount represents the difference between the exercise prices of employee stock options and what were considered to be the fair values of our common stock on the dates of the grants. We are amortizing this amount over the vesting periods of the 36 applicable options using a graded vesting method. We recognized $1.7 million of related compensation expense in 1999. Interest Income (Expense), Net Interest income (expense), net, consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments offset by interest expense incurred on convertible promissory notes. We recognized approximately $1.9 million of interest income in 1999 and $42,000 of interest income in 1998. The increase in interest income results from increases in the amount of interest-bearing investments outstanding, which were primarily derived from the net proceeds of $123.4 million from our initial public offering in October 1999. We had no interest expense in 1999. We recorded $37,000 in interest expense in 1998 related to convertible promissory notes that were subsequently converted to preferred stock. Income Taxes We have incurred net losses since inception for federal and state tax purposes and have not recognized a domestic tax provision or benefit. In 1999, we recorded a tax provision of $325,000 related to foreign withholding taxes on two license agreements for which we may receive a tax benefit in the future. As of December 31, 1999, we had $58.4 million of federal and $7.4 million of state net operating loss carryforwards to offset against future taxable income. We also had $1.5 million of federal research and development tax credit carryforwards. The related deferred tax assets have been fully reserved through December 31, 1999. 37 Quarterly Results of Operations The following table contains, for the periods presented, selected data from our consolidated statements of operations. The data has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements, and, in the opinion of our management, includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods. This unaudited information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The operating results in any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. We have incurred losses in each quarter since inception and expect to continue to incur losses through at least the next several years.
Three Months Ended ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, 2000 2000 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999 -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenues: Licenses............... $ 1,386 $ 1,188 $ 889 $ 687 $ 282 $ 187 $ 142 $ 167 Software support and training.............. 996 861 632 660 260 176 112 65 Services............... 50 48 146 -- 150 -- -- -- Hardware............... 445 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues....... 2,877 2,097 1,667 1,347 692 363 254 232 Cost of revenues: Licenses............... 90 133 110 103 75 24 10 32 Software support and training.............. 345 236 182 147 136 126 121 87 Services............... 1,379 934 714 643 346 90 -- -- Hardware............... 445 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total cost of revenues............ 2,259 1,303 1,006 893 557 240 131 119 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit............ 618 794 661 454 135 123 123 113 Operating costs and expenses: Research and development........... 7,029 6,470 5,775 5,201 4,797 4,587 3,652 3,436 Sales and marketing.... 6,028 4,493 4,361 3,657 2,705 1,732 1,315 1,134 General and administrative........ 2,869 2,520 2,273 2,228 1,950 1,521 1,358 759 Purchased in-process research and development........... -- -- -- 6,100 -- -- -- -- Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets..... 1,159 923 922 -- -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation.......... 636 746 938 1,006 884 625 168 27 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total operating costs and expenses........ 17,721 15,152 14,269 18,192 10,336 8,465 6,493 5,356 -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss from operations.... (17,103) (14,358) (13,608) (17,738) (10,201) (8,342) (6,370) (5,243) Interest income, net.... 2,683 3,306 2,766 2,112 1,395 279 160 42 Loss from debt and equity investments..... (3,699) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Provision for foreign income taxes........... (2) -- -- -- (325) -- -- -- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net loss................ $(18,121) $(11,052) $(10,842) $(15,626) $(9,131) $(8,063) $(6,210) $(5,201) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= Basic and diluted net loss per share......... $ (0.21) $ (0.13) $ (0.13) $ (0.20) $ (0.12) $ (0.23) $ (0.19) $ (0.18) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= Shares used in computing the net loss per share.................. 86,759 85,434 84,247 78,931 73,910 34,411 31,891 29,337 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= ======= =======
We began recognizing license and software support and training revenues on a subscription basis in January 1999, after shipping the general availability version of our product in December 1998. The general quarter over quarter increase in license and software support and training revenues is as a result of additional partner agreements. We also provide TrustNet clearinghouse services on a subscription basis. Additionally we provide professional services to our partners, which are recognized upon delivery. The increase in services revenues in 38 the quarters ended June 30, 2000 and December 31, 1999 were related to short- term TrustNet pilot agreements with new partners. We began selling hardware in the quarter ended December 31, 2000 to one customer, who is also a licensee, under the terms of a short-term purchase agreement to provide chips for testing and trial production. Cost of license revenue decreased in the quarter ended December 31, 2000 due to lower consulting and freight expenses. Quarter over quarter increases in the cost of software support and training services reflect the increased effort of engineering personnel to provide support services to our partners. Overall increases in research and development spending beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 1999 are primarily attributable to increased headcount and spending on software tools used in the development of our products. The increases in sales and marketing spending since the quarter ended March 31, 1999 reflect additional headcount both domestically and internationally as well as increased expenses for travel, trade shows, public relations, and other promotional costs. General and administrative expenses generally increased quarter over quarter, primarily as a result of increased legal and accounting personnel, costs associated with patent prosecution including filing and translation fees, and the use of outside patent counsel. Purchased in-process research and development in the quarter ended March 31, 2000 was a one-time charge related to an acquisition. The amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets acquired began in the quarter ended June 30, 2000. We anticipate that research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as a result of new hires and related personnel costs. Sales and marketing spending is expected to increase as a result of our spending on branding, trade shows, advertising, and promotion. We expect our revenues to vary. If our revenue levels fall below our expectations, our net loss will increase because only a small portion of our expenses varies with our revenues. In the future, our operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. If this occurs, the market price of our common stock would likely decline. Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash, cash equivalents and marketable and restricted investments totaled $176.2 million at December 31, 2000, an increase of $35.4 million from December 1999. The increase in 2000 is primarily the result of cash generated from the net proceeds of $92.2 million from a public offering of our common stock completed in April 2000, in addition to proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options and employee stock purchases, offset by our net loss for 2000 of $55.6 million. Net cash used in operating activities totaled $38.8 million in 2000. The cash used in 2000 is primarily attributable to the net loss of $55.6 million and increases in accounts receivable of $1.4 million, and prepaid and other current assets of $1.6 million, partially offset by various non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization of $5.2 million, stock related compensation of $3.3 million, loss on debt and equity investments of $3.7 million, and purchased in-process reasearch and development of $6.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $133.5 million in 2000. The cash used in 2000 is primarily atributable to capital expenditures totaling $7.2 million, net purchases of marketable and restricted investments totaling $109.4 million, and $17.0 million of investments in other non-current assets and purchased technology. Capital acquisitions were principally comprised of office furniture and equipment for our new corporate facility and computer equipment and software used to support our product development and growing employee base. Although to date our requirements for capital expenditures have been moderate, we anticipate continued increase capital expenditures and lease commitments consistent with anticipated growth in operations, infrastructure, and personnel. Net cash provided by financing activities was $97.9 million for 2000, primarily due to cash generated from our public offering in April 2000 and, to a lesser extent, from the exercise of employee stock options and employee stock purchases. 39 At December 31, 2000, our principal source of liquidity was $176.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable and restricted investments. In January 2001, we raised $20.0 million from the sale of 4.0 million shares to Nokia Corporation. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, and credit facilities with our equipment vendors, will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs for at least the next 12 months. In the future, we may require additional funds to support our working capital requirements or for other purposes and may seek to raise additional funds through public or private equity financing or from other sources. Additional financing may not be available at all or, if available, may not be obtainable on terms favorable to us. In addition, any additional financing may be dilutive and new equity securities could have rights senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. If we need to raise funds and cannot do so on acceptable terms, we may not be able to respond to competitive pressures or anticipated requirements or take advantage of future opportunities. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 ("SAB 101"), "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." SAB 101 summarizes certain of the SEC's views in applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to revenue recognition in financial statements. We adopted SAB 101 in the fourth quarter of 2000 effective as of January 1, 2000. The adoption of SAB 101 did not have any impact on our financial position or results of operations. In March 2000, the FASB issued Financial Interpretation, or FIN, No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an Interpretation of APB No. 25." FIN 44 clarifies the application of APB 25 for certain stock compensation matters was effective July 1, 2000, except for the provisions that relate to modifications that directly or indirectly reduce the exercise price of an award and the definition of an employee, which were effective after December 15, 1998. The adoption of FIN 44 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including foreign exchange contracts, and hedging activities. In June 200, the FASB issued SFAS No. 138, "Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities", which addresses implementation issues related to SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 133, as amended, and SFAS No. 138 are effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. We are required to adopt SFAS 133 for the quarter ending March 31, 2001. Because we currently hold no derivative financial instruments and do not currently engage in hedging activities, the adoption of SFAS 133 will not have a material impact on our financial position or results or operations. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK We develop products in the United States and license our products to partners in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. As a result, our financial results could be affected adversely by various factors, including foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of United States interest rates, particularly since the majority of our investments are in short-term instruments. Due to the nature of our investments in marketable securities, we have concluded that there is no material market risk exposure. Therefore, no quantitative tabular disclosures are required. At December 31, 2000 and December 31, 1999, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of demand deposits and money market funds held by two large institutions in the United States. 40 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item 8 begin at page F-1 of this Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The information regarding our Directors and Executive Officers is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Election of Directors" of our definitive Proxy Statement (the "Proxy Statement") to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for our Year 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The Proxy Statement is anticipated to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2000. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION AND RELATED INFORMATION Information regarding executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Executive Compensation and Related Information" of the Proxy Statement. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTIAN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" of the Proxy Statement. ITEM 13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Related Party Transactions" of the Proxy Statement. 41 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a)(1) Financial Statements--See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements at page F-1 of this Form 10-K. (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule: See Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, at page F-22 of this Form 10-K. (a)(3) Exhibits:
Exhibit No. Description ------- ----------- 3.1 Sixth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 1, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 3.2*** Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. 4.1 Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2. 4.2* Form of Registrant's Common Stock certificate. 4.3* Form of Registration Rights under select Convertible Promissory Notes. 4.4* Form of Registration Rights under select Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreements. 4.5* Form of Series A Preferred Stock Registration Rights. 4.6* Form of Series B, C, D and E Preferred Stock Registration Rights. 4.7* Form of Registration Rights found in a Class B Non-Voting Common Stock Warrant. 4.8 Stockholder Rights Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Nokia Finance International, B.V., dated January 31, 2000--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 20, 2001. 10.1* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by the Registrant with each of its directors and executive officers. 10.2* 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder 10.3* 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. 10.4* 1999 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan. 10.5 Lease between Mission West Properties, L.P. and the Registrant dated July 21, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 84033). 10.6+ Technology Development, Marketing, and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and National Westminster Bank PLC dated August 18, 1998--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.7+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Universal Music Group, Inc. dated April 13, 1999-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.8+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Upgrade Corporation of America dated August 7, 1996-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.9+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Mitsubishi Corporation dated October 7, 1996-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033).
42
Exhibit No. Description ------- ----------- 10.10 Warrant for the purchase of Class A Voting Common Stock made by the Registrant and held by Allen & Company Incorporated, dated September 7, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.11 Amendment to Technology, Development, Marketing and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and National Westminster Bank dated August 18, 1998--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.12 Amendment to Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Universal Music Group, Inc. dated April 13, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.19** Building Lease Agreement by and between First State Realty of America, Inc. and the Registrant dated January 24, 2000. 10.20*** Employment Agreement by and between the Company and David Ludvigson dated August 4, 2000. 10.21 2000 Supplemental Option Plan. 10.22 Full-Recourse Promissory Note dated December 7, 2000 from Bruce Fredrickson to the Company. 21.1* Subsidiaries of the Company. 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors. 24.1 Power of Attorney (See page 44).
- -------- * Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). ** Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Registration Statement Form S-1 (File No. 333-32484). *** Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000. + Confidential treatment requested. (b) Reports on Form 8-K None. (c) Exhibits See (a)(3) above. (d) Financial Statement Schedule See (a)(2) above. 43 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. April 2, 2001 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (Registrant) /s/ Victor Shear By: _________________________________ Victor Shear Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Victor Shear and Edmund J. Fish, or either of them, each with the power of substitution, his attorney-in-fact, to sign any amendments to this Form 10-K (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date --------- ----- ---- /s/ Victor Shear Chairman of the Board and April 2, 2001 _________________________________ Chief Victor Shear Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Greg Wood Chief Financial Officer April 2, 2001 _________________________________ (Principal Financial and Greg Wood Accounting Officer) /s/ Edmund J. Fish Director and President April 2, 2001 _________________________________ MetaTrust Utility Edmund J. Fish /s/ Bruce Fredrickson Director April 2, 2001 _________________________________ Bruce Fredrickson /s/ Satish K. Gupta Director April 2, 2001 _________________________________ Satish K. Gupta /s/ David Lockwood Director April 2, 2001 _________________________________ David Lockwood
44 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors........................... F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets................................................. F-3 Consolidated Statement of Operations........................................ F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)................... F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................................. F-8
F-1 REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS The Board of Directors and Stockholders InterTrust Technologies Corporation We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of InterTrust Technologies Corporation as of December 31, 2000 and 1999, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 14(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards required that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of InterTrust Technologies Corporation at December 31, 2000 and 1999, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Also in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects, the information set forth therein. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Palo Alto, California January 22, 2001 F-2 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
December 31, ------------------- 2000 1999 --------- -------- ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents............................... $ 23,811 $ 98,286 Short-term investments.................................. 134,707 42,548 Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $178 in 2000 and $-0- in 1999....................................... 3,928 2,562 Prepaids and other current assets....................... 2,771 1,182 --------- -------- Total current assets.................................. 165,217 144,578 Property and equipment, net............................. 8,919 3,356 Long-term investments................................... 16,783 -- Restricted long-term investments........................ 944 -- Goodwill and other intangible assets, net............... 29,453 3,426 Other assets............................................ 5,557 137 --------- -------- $ 226,873 $151,497 ========= ======== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable........................................ $ 2,728 $ 2,184 Accrued compensation.................................... 2,155 1,113 Other accrued liabilities............................... 1,110 1,678 Deferred revenue........................................ 5,915 3,052 --------- -------- Total current liabilities............................. 11,908 8,027 Deferred revenue--long-term portion....................... 7,617 10,118 --------- -------- Total liabilities......................................... $ 19,525 $ 18,145 ========= ======== Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2000 and 1999............................. -- -- Common stock, $0.001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized 87,776,991 and 79,216,996 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2000 and 1999.............. 88 79 Additional paid-in capital................................ 340,380 214,241 Deferred stock compensation............................... (3,274) (6,600) Notes receivable from stockholders........................ (516) (196) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)............. 376 (107) Accumulated deficit....................................... (129,706) (74,065) --------- -------- Total stockholders' equity............................ 207,348 133,352 --------- -------- $ 226,873 $151,497 ========= ========
See accompanying notes. F-3 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, ---------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 -------- -------- -------- Revenues: Licenses...................................... $ 4,150 $ 778 $ -- Software support and training................. 3,149 613 152 Services...................................... 244 150 -- Hardware...................................... 445 -- -- -------- -------- -------- Total revenues.............................. 7,988 1,541 152 Cost of revenues: Licenses...................................... 436 141 -- Software support and training................. 910 470 191 Services...................................... 3,670 436 -- Hardware...................................... 445 -- -- -------- -------- -------- Total cost of revenues...................... 5,461 1,047 191 -------- -------- -------- Gross profit (loss)............................. 2,527 494 (39) Operating costs and expenses: Research and development...................... 24,475 16,472 13,041 Sales and marketing........................... 18,539 6,886 3,870 General and administrative.................... 9,890 5,588 2,717 Purchased in-process research and development.................................. 6,100 -- -- Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets....................................... 3,004 -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation... 3,326 1,704 -- -------- -------- -------- Total operating costs and expenses.......... 65,334 30,650 19,628 -------- -------- -------- Loss from operations............................ (62,807) (30,156) (19,667) Interest income................................. 10,867 1,876 42 Interest expense................................ -- -- (37) Loss on debt and equity investments............. (3,699) -- -- Provision for foreign income taxes.............. (2) (325) -- -------- -------- -------- Net loss........................................ $(55,641) $(28,605) $(19,662) ======== ======== ======== Basic and diluted net loss per share............ $ (0.66) $ (0.71) $ (0.70) ======== ======== ======== Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share................................. 84,016 40,426 27,932 ======== ======== ========
See accompanying notes. F-4 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (in thousands, except share amounts)
Convertible Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Notes Accumulated ------------------- ----------------- Paid-In Deferred Stock Receivable Other Income Accumulated Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Compensation Stockholders (Loss) Deficit ----------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- -------------- ------------ ------------ ----------- Balance at December 31, 1997............. 12,600,776 $ 13 27,580,250 $ 27 $ 24,979 $ -- $ (68) $ -- $ (25,798) Issuance of series B preferred stock........... 6,968,288 7 -- -- 14,824 -- -- -- -- Issuance of series B preferred stock upon conversion of convertible note payable and accrued interest........ 1,431,710 1 -- -- 3,066 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- -- 1,637,800 2 727 -- (366) -- -- Forgiveness of note receivable from stockholder..... -- -- -- -- -- -- 106 -- -- Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of options and related compensation.... -- -- 57,262 -- 50 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrants and related compensation.... -- -- 65,714 -- 26 -- -- -- -- Payments of notes receivable from stockholders.... -- -- -- -- -- -- 52 -- -- Net loss........ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (19,662) ----------- ----- ---------- ----- -------- ------- ----- ----- --------- Balance at December 31, 1998............. 21,000,774 21 29,341,296 29 43,672 -- (276) -- (45,460) Issuance of series C preferred stock.......... 1,700,000 2 -- -- 5,005 -- -- -- -- Issuance of series D preferred stock.......... 2,284,046 2 -- -- 9,705 -- -- -- -- Issuance of series E preferred stock........... 2,619,400 3 -- -- 15,688 -- -- -- -- Issuance of series E preferred stock upon conversion of note payable......... 166,666 -- -- -- 1,000 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- -- 6,354,814 6 3,893 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants........ -- -- 630,000 1 374 -- -- -- -- Conversion of preferred stock to common stock upon completion of initial public offering........ (27,770,886) (28) 27,770,886 28 -- -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance costs of $11,123......... -- -- 14,950,000 15 123,412 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock for asset acquisition..... -- -- 170,000 -- 1,190 -- -- -- -- Issuance of patent for patent acquisition..... -- -- -- -- 1,919 -- -- -- -- Compensation related to issuance of common stock warrant......... -- -- -- -- 79 -- -- -- -- Deferred stock compensation.... -- -- -- -- 8,304 (8,304) -- -- -- Amortization of deferred compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- 1,704 -- -- -- Forgiveness of note receivable from stockholders.... -- -- -- -- -- -- 80 -- -- Unrealized loss on short-term investments..... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (107) -- Net loss........ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (28,605) ----------- ----- ---------- ----- -------- ------- ----- ----- --------- Total comprehensive loss............ Balance at December 31, 1999............. -- -- 79,216,996 79 214,241 (6,600) (196) (107) (74,065) Issuance of common stock for business combination and asset acquisitions.... -- -- 1,105,180 1 27,850 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance cost of $6,488.. -- -- 2,820,244 3 92,232 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- -- 4,326,578 5 3,695 -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock upon employee stock purchases....... -- -- 307,993 -- 2,362 -- -- -- -- Note receivable from officer.... -- -- -- -- -- -- (500) -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- 3,326 -- -- -- Forgiveness and repayment of notes receivable from stockholders.... -- -- -- -- -- -- 180 -- -- Unrealized holding gain on investments..... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 483 -- Net loss........ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (55,641) ----------- ----- ---------- ----- -------- ------- ----- ----- --------- Total comprehensive loss............ Balance at December 31, 2000............. -- $ -- 87,776,991 $ 88 $340,380 $(3,274) $(516) $ 376 $(129,706) =========== ===== ========== ===== ======== ======= ===== ===== ========= Total Comprehensive Stockholders' Income (Loss) Equity ------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1997............. $ -- $ (847) Issuance of series B preferred stock........... -- 14,831 Issuance of series B preferred stock upon conversion of convertible note payable and accrued interest........ -- 3,067 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- 363 Forgiveness of note receivable from stockholder..... -- 106 Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of options and related compensation.... -- 50 Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrants and related compensation.... -- 26 Payments of notes receivable from stockholders.... -- 52 Net loss........ -- (19,662) ------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1998............. -- (2,014) Issuance of series C preferred stock.......... -- 5,007 Issuance of series D preferred stock.......... -- 9,707 Issuance of series E preferred stock........... -- 15,691 Issuance of series E preferred stock upon conversion of note payable......... -- 1,000 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- 3,899 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants........ -- 375 Conversion of preferred stock to common stock upon completion of initial public offering........ -- -- Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance costs of $11,123......... -- 123,427 Issuance of common stock for asset acquisition..... -- 1,190 Issuance of patent for patent acquisition..... -- 1,919 Compensation related to issuance of common stock warrant......... -- 79 Deferred stock compensation.... -- -- Amortization of deferred compensation.... -- 1,704 Forgiveness of note receivable from stockholders.... -- 80 Unrealized loss on short-term investments..... (107) (107) Net loss........ (28,605) (28,605) ------------- ------------- Total comprehensive loss............ (28,712) Balance at December 31, 1999............. 133,352 Issuance of common stock for business combination and asset acquisitions.... -- 27,851 Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance cost of $6,488.. -- 92,235 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options......... -- 3,700 Issuance of common stock upon employee stock purchases....... -- 2,362 Note receivable from officer.... -- (500) Amortization of deferred stock compensation.... -- 3,326 Forgiveness and repayment of notes receivable from stockholders.... -- 180 Unrealized holding gain on investments..... 483 483 Net loss........ (55,641) (55,641) ------------- ------------- Total comprehensive loss............ $(55,158) ============= Balance at December 31, 2000............. $207,348 =============
See accompanying notes. F-5 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)
Years Ended December 31, ----------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 --------- -------- -------- Operating Activities: Net loss....................................... $ (55,641) $(28,605) $(19,662) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization ................ 1,694 660 538 Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets....................................... 3,492 -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation and other stock related compensation charges...................................... 3,326 1,863 182 Compensation expense related to forgiveness of notes receivable from stockholders........... 118 -- -- Loss on debt and equity investments........... 3,699 -- -- Issuance of preferred stock for accrued interest..................................... -- -- 37 Purchased in-process research and development.................................. 6,100 -- -- Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable........................... (1,366) (1,017) (1,520) Prepaid and other current assets.............. (1,589) (1,040) 24 Accounts payable.............................. 509 1,635 (105) Accrued compensation.......................... 1,042 553 173 Other accrued liabilities..................... (568) 928 193 Deferred revenue.............................. 362 4,595 6,075 --------- -------- -------- Net cash used in operating activities........ (38,822) (20,428) (14,065) Investing Activities: Capital expenditures........................... (7,158) (3,017) (509) Purchases of short-term investments............ (140,503) (42,655) -- Maturities and sales of short term investments................................... 48,704 -- -- Purchases of long-term investments............. (16,660) -- -- Purchases of restricted investments............ (944) -- -- Purchased technology........................... (7,800) -- -- Other noncurrent assets, net................... (9,151) (295) (11) --------- -------- -------- Net cash used in investing activities........ (133,512) (45,967) (520) Financing Activities: Proceeds from issuance of convertible promissory notes.............................. -- 1,000 3,030 Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net........................................... -- 30,405 14,831 Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net.... 92,235 123,427 -- Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants and purchases under employee stock purchase plan................................. 6,062 4,274 363 Loan to officer to purchase common stock....... (500) -- -- Proceeds from notes receivable from stockholders.................................. 62 -- 52 --------- -------- -------- Net cash provided by financing activities.... 97,859 159,106 18,276 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.................................... (74,475) 92,711 3,691 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period......................................... 98,286 5,575 1,884 --------- -------- -------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of period...... $ 23,811 $ 98,286 $ 5,575 ========= ======== ========
F-6 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS--(Continued) (in thousands)
Years Ended December 31, --------------------- 2000 1999 1998 ------- ------ ------ Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities: Technology asset acquisition: Common stock issued in exchange for assets............. $ 3,335 $1,190 $ -- ======= ====== ====== Other assets received in exchange...................... $ 3,353 $ 10 $ -- ======= ====== ====== Other liabilities assumed in exchange.................. $ 18 $ 140 $ -- ======= ====== ====== Business acquisition: Common stock issued in conjunction with acquisition.... $24,516 $ -- $ -- ======= ====== ====== Purchase price in excess of fair value of assets and liabilities acquired.................................. $18,433 $ -- $ -- ======= ====== ====== Liabilities assumed in acquisition..................... $ 17 $ -- $ -- ======= ====== ====== Patent acquired in exchange for stock option............ $ -- $1,919 $ -- ======= ====== ====== Increase in deferred stock compensation................. $ -- $8,304 $ -- ======= ====== ====== Conversion of convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into convertible preferred stock.............. $ -- $1,000 $3,067 ======= ====== ======
See accompanying notes. F-7 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 2000 1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business InterTrust Technologies Corporation (InterTrust) has developed a general- purpose digital rights management (DRM) platform to serve as a foundation for providers of digital information, technology, and commerce services to participate in a global e-commerce system. DRM technologies manage rights and interests in digital information. InterTrust was formed and incorporated in January 1990. InterTrust first shipped the general availability version of its Commerce software at the end of fiscal 1998. All of InterTrust's revenues through December 31, 2000 have been generated from licenses of InterTrust's Commerce software, related services, and sales of chips containing InterTrust's DRM. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of InterTrust and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition InterTrust recognizes revenue in accordance with Statement of Position 97- 2, "Software Revenue Recognition," as amended by Statements of Position 98-9, "Modifications of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions." InterTrust recognizes revenue from license fees, clearinghouse services, development services, transaction fees, software support and training services, and the sale of chips containing its DRM. License revenue, net of any discounts granted, is recognized after execution of a license agreement and delivery of the product, provided there are no remaining obligations relating to development, upgrades, new releases, or other future deliverables, and provided that the license fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the fee is probable. InterTrust allocates revenue between the elements of the arrangements, including the license, software support and training services, and the rights to unspecified upgrades and new releases based on the vendor specific evidence of the fair value of each of the elements. If Intertrust does not have vendor specific objective evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements, license revenue is deferred for the delivered elements. InterTrust's license agreements generally include the right to obtain access to upgrades and new releases, on a when and if available basis, for a specified period. Under these circumstances, the license payments received in advance of revenue recognition are deferred and recognized on a subscription basis over the period of obligation beginning upon delivery of the licensed product. In addition, under license agreements where Intertrust is obligated to provide specified upgrades and does not have vendor specific objective evidence of fair value of the specified upgrade, all of the license revenue is deferred until the specified upgrade has been delivered. Upon delivery of the specified upgrade, license revenue is recognized using the subscription method. Through December 31, 2000, on three occasions InterTrust received license fees in the form of minority equity positions in non-public entities. On five occasions InterTrust received license fees in the form of convertible promissory notes from non-public entities in exchange for technology licenses. One of these convertible F-8 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) promissory notes was already converted into 125,000 shares of common stock which InterTrust believes represented approximately 1% of the outstanding shares of the licensees as of the conversion date. Because the entities were recently formed, privately held companies and InterTrust was unable to obtain sufficient evidence of the fair value of the common stock of the entity or sufficient evidence of the fair value of the convertible promissory notes and collectibility was not probable, InterTrust did not record revenue or deferred revenue from the license fees. InterTrust is obligated to provide unspecified upgrades and new releases, on a when and if available basis, to the licensees over a two year period under the agreements for additional fees. InterTrust is not obligated to provide any funding to any licensee for the development of the licensee's software. InterTrust's license agreements also require the payment of a percentage transaction fee to InterTrust based on the fulfillment of a transaction that utilizes its technology. InterTrust's partners are required to pay all amounts due for transaction fees within 30 to 90 days after the end of each quarter. InterTrust's revenue recognition policy relating to transaction fees is to recognize the revenue when the amounts due are known, which will generally be in the quarter subsequent to the transaction. Prepaid transaction fees are recorded as deferred revenue and will be recognized when the related transactions occur. InterTrust received $1 million in prepaid transaction fees from a stockholder, which is included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2000 and 1999. No material transaction revenue has been recognized from commercial transactions or services to date. Software support and training services, which typically include the right to telephone and online support and customer training, are generally provided for in the license agreements for an agreed upon amount. Software support and training service revenue is recognized over the period in which the services are provided, generally two years. Costs incurred to provide software support and training services are included as a component of cost of revenues. Clearinghouse service revenues represent primarily service fees for the use of InterTrust's TrustNet clearinghouse. Service revenues typically include consulting services provided to the customer to establish an interface with the clearinghouse and monthly service fees to use TrustNet for the clearing of commercial transactions. Consulting fees are recognized as services are performed and monthly clearinghouse service fees are recognized over the term of the service period. Costs incurred to provide consulting personnel, computer hardware and support of an off-site service center are included as a component of cost of revenues. Professional services represent fees for consulting services provided to InterTrust customers that is development not considered essential to the functionality of the software licensed. The revenue from these services is recognized as services are performed. Hardware revenue is comprised of sales of chips containing InterTrust software to one customer, who is also a licensee of InterTrust technology, and with whom InterTrust has a short-term contract to provide chips for testing and trial production. The revenue from the sale of chips is recognized as the chips are delivered. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. InterTrust considers all highly liquid instruments with insignificant interest rate risk and maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily high-grade commercial paper and money market funds. Investments Investments are comprised primarily of U.S. government obligations and corporate debt securities and are classified as available-for-sale investments. Investments with a maturity date of less than one year that are not F-9 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) restricted are classified as short term. The carrying value of the investments is adjusted to fair value with a resulting adjustment to other comprehensive loss. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, both of which are included in interest income. Realized gains and loses are recorded using the specific identification method and have been minimal through December 31, 2000. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust's restricted investments are classified as available-for-sale but are pledged as collateral against three letters of credit. Restricted investments are held in InterTrust's name by one major financial institution. Foreign Currency Translation The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for InterTrust's foreign operations. Gains and losses on the translation into U.S. dollars of amounts denominated in foreign currencies are included in net income. Concentration of Credit Risk InterTrust operates in the Internet industry, which is rapidly evolving and intensely competitive. Financial instruments that potentially subject InterTrust to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are deposited with two major financial institutions and such deposits exceed federally insured limits. InterTrust's accounts receivable are primarily derived from customers located in North America, Europe, and Asia. InterTrust performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers but does not require collateral from its customers. When required, InterTrust maintains allowances for credit losses, and to date, these losses have been within management's expectations. Three customers accounted for 20%, 17% and 8% of total revenues in 2000. Three customers, one of which was also a stockholder, accounted for 25%, 13%, and 12% of total revenues in 1999. Two customers accounted for 21% and 15% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2000, and one customer accounted for 74% of accounts receivable at December 31, 1999. Income Taxes InterTrust accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109 "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("FASB 109"), which requires the use of the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under FASB 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying values of InterTrust's financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, short term and long term investments, accounts receivable, current liabilities, and notes receivable from stockholders, approximate their fair value. Investment in Privately-held Companies In 2000, InterTrust received an approximately 1% equity interest in a non- public entity as consideration for license fees. Additionally, on four occasions InterTrust received license fees in the form of convertible promissory notes from non-public entities. Because the entities were recently formed, privately held companies and InterTrust was unable to obtain sufficient evidence of the fair value of the common stock of the entity or F-10 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) sufficient evidence of the fair value of the convertible promissory notes, InterTrust did not record revenue or deferred revenue from the license fees. In 2000, InterTrust made investments of $6.5 million in equity securities in certain private technology companies. Investments in privately-held companies primarily consist of equity and debt securities in which Intertrust owns less than a 20% interest. InterTrust does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over any of these companies and accordingly accounts for such investments using the cost method. These investments are assessed for impairment periodically through review of operations and indications of continued viability, such as subsequent rounds of financing. During 2000, InterTrust recorded $3.0 million in losses as a result of other than temporary declines in the value of investments in privately held companies. The remaining investment in privately-held companies of $3.5 millions at December 31, 2000 is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Furthermore, in September and October 2000, InterTrust made two loans totaling $699,000 to a privately held technology company. In December 2000, InterTrust reserved for the entire balance of the notes receivable due to the uncertainty of collection, based on the deterioration of the financial condition of the company. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, and depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the terms of the leases. Goodwill and other intangible assets Intangible assets are primarily comprised of goodwill, purchased technology and patent rights, assets related to acquired workforce in place, and capitalized patent application costs related to internally developed technology. These assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally four to seventeen years. InterTrust records impairment losses on intangible assets when events and circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired and the estimated fair value of the asset is less than its recorded amount. Conditions that would trigger an impairment assessment included material adverse changes in operations or our decision to abandon acquired products, services or technologies. If such circumstances arise, InterTrust uses an estimate of the undiscounted value of expected future operating cash flows to determine whether the intangible assets are impaired. To date, no such impairment has occurred. Stock-Based Compensation InterTrust accounts for stock-based compensation for awards to employees using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and has adopted the disclosure only alternative of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" (FAS 123). InterTrust accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees using the fair value method prescribed in FAS 123. Research and Development Research and development expenditures are expensed to operations as incurred. Costs incurred in the development of new software and substantial enhancements to existing software are expensed as incurred until F-11 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) technological feasibility of the software has been established, at which time any additional costs would be capitalized in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed." To date, InterTrust's software development has been completed concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility and, as a result, no research and development costs have been capitalized. Advertising Expense InterTrust recognizes advertising expense as incurred. Advertising expense has been immaterial in all periods since inception. Comprehensive Loss Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income", requires companies to report unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities in comprehensive income (loss) and its components as part of the financial statements. Other comprehensive income includes changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). Comprehensive loss for the periods ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 have been included in InterTrust's Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity. Net Loss per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share are computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period less shares subject to repurchase. Common equivalent shares, comprised of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants, have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive. Segments InterTrust operates solely in one business segment. For the year ended December 31, 2000, revenue from customers in Asia, Europe, and Australia accounted for revenue totaling approximately $2.4 million, $1.1 million, and $28,000, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 1999, revenue from customers in Asia and Europe accounted for revenue totaling approximately $597,000 and $349,000. For the year ended December 31, 1998, revenue from customers from Asia and Europe accounted for revenue totaling approximately $0 and $52,000, respectively. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 ("SAB 101"), "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." SAB 101 summarizes certain of the SEC's views in applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to revenue recognition in financial statements. InterTrust adopted SAB 101 in October 2000, effective January 1, 2000. The adoption of SAB 101 did not have any impact on InterTrust's financial position revenues, or results of operations. In March 2000, the FASB issued Financial Interpretation No. 44 ("FIN 44"), "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an Interpretation of APB No. 25." FIN 44 clarifies the application of APB 25 for certain stock compensation matters and was effective July 1, 2000, except for the provisions that relate to modifications that directly or indirectly reduce the exercise price of an award and the definition of an employee, which were effective after December 15, 1998. The adoption of FIN 44 did not have a material impact on InterTrust's financial position or results of operations. F-12 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including foreign exchange contracts, and hedging activities. In June 200, the FASB issued SFAS No. 138, "Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities", which addresses implementation issues related to SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 133, as amended, and SFAS No. 138 are effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. We are required to adopt SFAS 133 for the quarter ending March 31, 2001. Because InterTrust currently holds no derivative financial instruments and does not currently engage in hedging activities, the adoption of SFAS 133 will not have a material impact on InterTrust's financial position or results or operations. 2. BUSINESS AND ASSET ACQUISITIONS In December 2000, InterTrust purchased technology and other assets from PassEdge Corporation, a developer of software solutions for managing digital rights for internet based video broadcasting, in exchange for $7.8 million in cash, acquisition related costs of $60,000, and 874,718 shares of our common stock with a fair value of $3.3 million. The purchase price of $11.2 million was capitalized as purchased technology of $9.8 million, assembled workforce of $1.1 million, and equipment of $277,000. Intertrust is amortizing the value of the technology acquired over its estimated useful life of approximately 4 years and the value of the assembled workforce and equipment over their estimated useful lives of approximately three years. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust had amortized $245,000 of the purchased technology, assembled workforce, and equipment acquired from PassEdge. In March 2000, InterTrust acquired Infinite Ink Corporation ("Infinite Ink"), a developer of software solutions for rendering and protecting electronic publishing. InterTrust acquired all of the shares of Infinite Ink in exchange for 230,462 shares of common stock with aggregate fair value of $18.7 million, and assumed 68,052 stock options with an aggregate fair value of $5.8 million. The consolidated financial statements include the operating results of Infinite Ink from the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material. The transaction was accounted for as a purchase with a total purchase price of $24.5 million. Of this amount, $6.1 million was expensed in March 2000 as purchased in-process research and development ("IPRD"). Purchased in-process research and development consisted of three projects to combine digital rights management with a software system that would allows users to securely purchase and view published content on their personal computers. The projects in development were approximately 60% complete at the time of acquisition and following the acquisition have been incorporated into the Company's product. The InterTrust's management is primarily responsible for estimating the fair value of the purchased in-process research and development. The InterTrust's estimated the revenues, costs and resulting net cash flows from the project, and discounted the net cash flows back to their net present value. These estimates were based on several assumptions, including those summarized below. The resultant value was then adjusted to reflect only the value creation effort of Infinite Ink prior to the acquisition and further reduction by the estimated value of core technology, which was included in capitalized purchased technology. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust estimated that the projects in development were 80% complete. Revenues and operating profit attributable to the in-process research and development were estimated over a three-year projection period. The resulting projected net cash flows were discounted to their present value using a discount rate of 30%, which was calculated based on the weighted-average cost of capital, adjusted for the technology risk associated with the purchased in- process research and development. The technology risk was considered to be significant due to the rapid pace of technological change in the software industry. The excess purchase price over the estimated value of the net tangible assets and IPRD was allocated to various intangible assets. $18.1 million of the excess purchase price was capitalized as goodwill, and $400,000 F-13 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) was capitalized as the cost of the assembled workforce. The value of the assembled workforce was based upon the cost to replace that workforce. The goodwill and the fair value of the assembled workforce will be amortized ratably over their estimated useful lives of five and three years, respectively. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust had amortized $2.8 million of the goodwill and intangibles related to the acquisition of Infinite Ink. In October 1999, InterTrust purchased audio decoding and rendering technology and related assets, received a license to video decoding and rendering technology, and assumed certain liabilities, in exchange for 170,000 shares of InterTrust's common stock, which was valued at $1.3 million, and $100,000 in cash. The purchase price of $1.4 million was capitalized as purchased technology, and is being amortized over a four year expected life. In 2000 and 1999, InterTrust amortized $359,000 and $60,000 of the capitalized technology and related assets and is included in cost of license revenues. 3. INVESTMENTS The following is a summary fair value of available for sale securities and restricted investments (in thousands):
December 31, 2000 ---------------------------------------- Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value --------- ---------- ---------- -------- Money market mutual funds............ $ 8,898 $ -- $ -- $ 8,898 U.S. Government and agency obligations......................... 62,590 249 (5) 62,834 Auction rate preferred stock......... 23,600 -- -- 23,600 Corporate debt and equity securities.......................... 65,868 138 (6) 66,000 -------- ----- ----- -------- $160,956 $ 387 $ (11) $161,332 ======== ===== ===== ======== Included in cash and cash equivalents................................ $ 8,898 Included in short-term investments................................... 134,707 Included in long-term investments.................................... 17,727 -------- $161,332 ======== December 31, 1999 ---------------------------------------- Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value --------- ---------- ---------- -------- Money market mutual funds............ $ 24,770 $ -- $ (12) $ 24,758 U.S. Government and agency obligations......................... 30,037 -- (18) 30,019 Auction rate preferred stock......... 28,947 3 -- 28,950 Corporate debt and equity securities.......................... 51,685 -- (80) 51,605 -------- ----- ----- -------- $135,439 $ 3 $(110) $135,332 ======== ===== ===== ======== Included in cash and cash equivalents................................ $ 92,784 Included in short-term investments................................... 42,548 -------- $135,332 ========
F-14 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The following table summarizes the fair value of debt and equity securities at December 31, 2000 (in thousands):
Amortized Fair Cost Value --------- -------- Due in less than 1 year..................................... $135,331 $135,651 Due in 1-2 years............................................ 16,727 16,783 -------- -------- $152,058 $152,434 ======== ========
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are stated at cost and consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31, ---------------- 2000 1999 ------- ------- Computer equipment and software............................... $ 7,733 $ 2,727 Furniture and equipment....................................... 2,070 1,814 Leasehold improvements........................................ 2,185 190 ------- ------- 11,988 4,731 ------- ------- Accumulated depreciation and amortization..................... (3,069) (1,375) ------- ------- $ 8,919 $ 3,356 ======= ======= 5. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following is a summary of goodwill and other intangibles (in thousands): December 31, ---------------- 2000 1999 ------- ------- Goodwill...................................................... $18,066 $ -- Purchased technology and licenses............................. 11,259 1,370 Patent costs.................................................. 2,200 2,066 Other intangible assets....................................... 1,480 50 ------- ------- 33,005 3,486 Less accumulated amortization................................. (3,552) (60) ------- ------- $29,453 $ 3,426 ======= =======
6. COMMITMENTS InterTrust has entered into non-cancelable operating leases for facilities and equipment that expire at various dates through August 2004. Rent under the agreements is expensed to operations on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Future minimum lease payments under these leases at December 31, 2000 are as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31: 2001.............................................................. $ 4,305,261 2002.............................................................. 3,703,263 2003.............................................................. 3,824,900 2004.............................................................. 2,862,657 2005.............................................................. 604,258 Thereafter........................................................ 33,700 ----------- $15,334,039 ===========
F-15 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Rent expense for all operating leases was approximately $3,222,000, $1,199,000, and $258,000 in 2000, 1999, and 1998 respectively. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust maintained irrevocable standby letters of credit with one bank for the benefit of a vendor who supplies chips to InterTrust, and for the benefit of two lessors of Intertrust occupied office space, in the amounts of $500,000, $237,000 and $183,000, respectively. 7. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) In October 1999, InterTrust raised approximately $123.4 million, net of issuance costs, from an initial public offering of 14,950,000 shares of its common stock. In connection with the offering all of the then outstanding shares of Series A, B, C, D, and E preferred stock and Class A and B common stock were converted into common stock on a one-for-one basis. In April 2000, InterTrust sold 2,820,244 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering. The common stock was sold to the public at a purchase price of $35 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $92.2 million, after underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Preferred Stock Effective October 1999, the stockholders of InterTrust approved an amendment to InterTrust's certificate of incorporation authorizing 10,000,000 shares of preferred Stock. The board of directors has the authority to issue the preferred stock in one or more series and to fix its rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences, and the number of shares constituting any series or designation of the series. 1999 and 1995 Stock Option Plans Pursuant to the 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and 1995 Stock Option Plan ("plans"), incentive stock options may be granted at prices not less than the fair values as determined by the board of directors, while nonstatutory options granted under the plans are at prices not less than 85% of the fair values on the respective dates of the grant. Options expire after ten years. Options generally vest ratably over a period of no more than five years. The 1999 Equity Incentive Plan provides for an automatic annual increase to the plan by the lesser of 4% of the outstanding common stock at January 1 or 3,000,000 shares. At December 31, 2000, 905,236 options were available for further grant under the 1999 Equity Incentive Plan, and none were available under the 1995 stock option plan. Non-Plan Stock Options InterTrust's board of directors has granted to eligible participants nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of common stock. The options generally expire up to ten years after the date of grant or earlier if employment or relationship is terminated. The options generally become exercisable ratably over a period of no more than four years. In December 2000, the board of directors authorized options to acquire 5,000,000 shares of common stock. Of the additional authorized non-plan options, 1,903,000 options were granted in 2000. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The InterTrust Employee Stock Purchase Plan allows eligible employee participants to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through payroll deductions. Eligible employees may purchase common stock at F-16 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of InterTrust's common stock on the first day of the applicable two-year offering period or the last day of the applicable six-month purchase period. The employee stock purchase plan provides for an automatic annual increase to the plan by the lesser of 2% of the outstanding common stock at January 1 or 700,000 shares. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust had reserved 1.4 million shares of our common stock for issuance under this plan, and approximately 1.1 million shares remain available for future issuance. No purchase rights were granted prior to 2000. The weighted average fair value of the purchase rights granted in 2000 was $7.29. Non-Employee Directors Option Plan The InterTrust director's plan provides for the automatic grant of options to purchase shares of common stock to non-employee directors of InterTrust. A total of 700,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the director's plan. The directors plan provides for an automatic annual increase to the plan at January 1 to restore the available shares to 700,000 shares. As of December 31, 2000, options to purchase 190,000 shares had been issued. Information about stock option activity is summarized as follows:
Shares --------------------- Weighted Average Exercise Available Outstanding Price ---------- ----------- -------- Balance at December 31, 1997................ 353,580 15,959,304 $ 0.54 Shares authorized......................... 2,560,000 -- -- Options granted........................... (3,232,000) 3,232,000 2.64 Options exercised......................... -- (1,753,214) 0.46 Options cancelled......................... 522,112 (522,112) 0.73 ---------- ---------- ------ Balance at December 31, 1998................ 203,692 16,915,978 $ 0.70 Shares authorized......................... 6,524,056 -- -- Options granted........................... (5,830,658) 5,830,658 6.66 Options exercised......................... -- (6,368,706) 0.64 Options cancelled......................... 828,848 (828,848) 1.16 Options expired........................... (637,338) -- -- ---------- ---------- ------ Balance at December 31, 1999................ 1,088,600 15,549,082 $ 2.93 Shares authorized......................... 8,000,000 -- -- Options granted........................... (6,533,754) 6,533,754 16.85 Options exercised......................... -- (4,326,578) 0.93 Options cancelled......................... 1,865,852 (1,865,852) 12.13 Options expired........................... (530,462) -- -- ---------- ---------- ------ Balance at December 31, 2000................ 3,890,236 15,890,406 $ 8.12 ========== ========== ====== Exercisable and vested at December 31, 2000....................................... 6,388,140 ========== Shares of common stock subject to repurchase at December 31, 2000....................... 158,334 ==========
During 1998, InterTrust received a full recourse note receivable in the amount of approximately $319,000 from one of its officers upon his exercise of an option to purchase 640,000 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2000, approximately 107,000 of these shares were subject to repurchase by InterTrust at the original exercise price. F-17 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The repurchase right lapses ratably over the 48-month vesting period of the underlying option. The note bears interest at 8% per annum and is secured by the related stock and general assets of the officer. The note and related interest are being forgiven over a period of four years of employment. InterTrust is recording compensation expense as the note is forgiven. During 2000, in connection with an option grant, InterTrust loaned one of its officers, in the form of a full recourse note receivable, $500,000 for the purpose of exercising 98,755 option shares. The shares will be subject to repurchase, which will lapse ratably over the 48-month vesting period of the underlying option shares. The note bears interest at 7% per annum and is secured by the related stock and general assets of the officer. $250,000 of the note and related interest are being forgiven over a period of two years of employment. InterTrust is recording compensation expense as the note is forgiven. The following table summarizes information about options at December 31, 2000:
Options Options Outstanding Exercisable -------------------------------------------------------------------- Weighted Weighted Weighted Average Average Average Range of Contractual Exercise Exercise Exercise Prices Shares Life Price Shares Price --------------- ---------- ----------- -------- --------- -------- $0.01 - $0.75 3,770,242 5.12 $ 0.59 3,200,987 $ 0.56 $0.89 - $3.00 3,185,053 7.75 $ 1.74 1,442,938 $ 1.59 $3.83 - $6.56 3,196,151 9.53 $ 5.20 456,666 $ 5.49 $6.72 - $15.13 3,310,959 9.16 $10.50 877,422 $ 8.83 $15.44 - $86.13 2,428,001 9.31 $28.81 508,882 $34.26 ---------- --------- Total 15,890,406 8.02 $ 8.12 6,486,895 $ 4.89
Stock-Based Compensation Prior to January 1, 2000, InterTrust recorded deferred stock compensation for the difference between the exercise prices of options granted to employees at their respective dates of grant and what was considered to be the fair values for accounting purposes of the shares of common stock subject to the options. These amounts are included as a reduction of stockholders' equity and are being amortized on a graded vesting method. The compensation expense of $3.3 million and $1.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 relates to options awarded to employees in all operating expense categories. These amounts have not been separately allocated between operating expense categories. Pro forma information regarding net loss is required by FAS 123 as if InterTrust had accounted for its stock-based awards to employees granted subsequent to December 31, 1994 under the fair value method. The fair value was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of InterTrust's stock-based awards to employees was estimated assuming no expected dividend, a near-zero volatility as a non public company in 1998, and the following weighted average assumptions:
Year Ended December 31, ---------------- 2000 1999 1998 ---- ---- ---- Expected life in years........................................ 4.0 4.0 4.0 Risk-free interest rate....................................... 5.0% 5.3% 6.0% Volatility.................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.0
F-18 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2000, 1999, and 1998 was $14.05, $3.54, and $0.61 per share, respectively. For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the above stock-based awards is amortized to expense over the vesting period of the award. InterTrust's pro forma information is as follows:
Years Ended December 31, ---------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 -------- -------- -------- Pro forma net loss............................... $(87,428) $(34,481) $(21,115) Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share... $ (1.04) $ (0.85) $ (0.76)
Warrants In September 1999, InterTrust entered into a financial consulting arrangement and concurrently issued a warrant to purchase 650,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share. The warrant was fully vested and non-forfeitable upon issuance but is only exercisable as to 50% of the shares one year after the date of grant and the balance of such shares two years after the date of grant or immediately prior to a merger or sale of InterTrust. The warrant expires five years from the date of grant and is subject to early termination upon the sale or merger of InterTrust. The fair value of the warrant of $1,466,000 was determined using the Black-Scholes method and is being amortized over the life of the service agreement. In October 1999, InterTrust issued a warrant to purchase 56,008 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share. The warrant was issued in exchange for recruiting services. The fair value of the warrant of $79,000 was determined using the Black-Scholes method and was expensed on the grant date, when the related services were provided. At December 31, 2000, common stock reserved for issuance was as follows: Exercise of outstanding stock options................................ 15,890,406 Shares of common stock available for grant........................... 3,890,236 Employee stock purchase plan......................................... 1,092,007 Non employees directors option plan.................................. 670,000 Exercise of warrants................................................. 706,008 ---------- 22,248,657 ==========
8. INCOME TAXES For the year ended December 31, 2000, InterTrust recorded a tax provision of $2,000. This provision represents foreign withholding taxes on license payments received during the year. The difference between the amount of income tax benefit recorded and the amount of income tax benefit calculated using the U.S. federal statutory rate of 34% is primarily due to net operating losses not being benefited. For that reason, there is no provision for federal or state income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998. F-19 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Significant components of InterTrust's deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, ------------------ 2000 1999 -------- -------- Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards.......................... $ 31,200 $ 20,300 Capitalized research and development...................... 1,800 1,300 Research and development credit carryforwards............. 3,400 2,200 Deferred revenue.......................................... 7,900 5,200 Other..................................................... -- 100 -------- -------- Total deferred tax assets............................... 44,300 29,100 Valuation allowance......................................... (44,300) (29,100) -------- -------- Net deferred tax assets..................................... $ -- $ -- ======== ========
The Financial Accounting Standards Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of these assets is more likely than not. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Based upon the weight of available evidence, which includes InterTrust's historical operating performance and the reported cumulative net losses in all prior years, InterTrust has provided a full valuation allowance against its gross deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $15.2 million and $10.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Approximately $1.1 million of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2000 relates to the tax benefits of stock option deductions that will be credited to additional paid-in capital when realized. As of December 31, 2000, InterTrust had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $89.0 million and $15.5 million, respectively. InterTrust also had federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire in years 2001 through 2020, if not utilized. The federal research and development carryforwards expire in years 2008 through 2020, if not utilized. Utilization of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before utilization. F-20 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 9. NET LOSS PER SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Years Ended December 31, ---------------------------- 2000 1999 1998 -------- -------- -------- Basic and diluted net loss per share: Numerator Net loss..................................... $(55,641) $(28,605) $(19,662) ======== ======== ======== Denominator Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding................................. 84,174 41,036 28,372 Less weighted average shares subject to repurchase.................................. (158) (610) (440) -------- -------- -------- Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share.................. 84,016 40,426 27,932 ======== ======== ======== Basic and diluted net loss per share............. $ (0.66) $ (0.71) $ (0.70) ======== ======== ========
If InterTrust had reported net income, diluted net income per share would have included the shares used in the computation of pro forma net loss per share as well as the effect of approximately 6,955,295, 16,255,000 and 18,168,000 shares purchasable under outstanding options and warrants not included above for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998, respectively. The number of common equivalent shares from options and warrants would be determined on a weighted average basis using the treasury stock method. 10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Under license agreements with two stockholders, InterTrust had received a total of $4,000,000 from nonrefundable license payments as of December 31, 2000. Of this amount, Intertrust recognized $519,000 of revenue in both 2000 and 1999. In August 2000, InterTrust assumed a $70,000 loan to one of our executive officers. The loan will be forgiven ratably over 29 months ending January 1, 2003. At December 31, 2000, the loan was included in other assets. In December 2000, InterTrust loaned $100,000 to a non-employee director of the company. The loan is in the form of a full-recourse note which accrues interest at the rate of 6.10% per year and is due in December 2001. 11. 401(k) PROFIT SHARING PLAN In 1996, InterTrust established a 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the "401(k) Plan") which covers substantially all employees. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees are permitted to contribute up to 20% of gross compensation not to exceed the annual 402(g) limitation for any plan year. InterTrust may make discretionary contributions but no contributions have been made to the 401(k) Plan since inception. F-21 12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (unaudited) In January 2001, InterTrust signed a purchase agreement with PublishOne Inc. ("PublishOne"), a developer of online publishing software solutions and distribution services for business information publishers. Prior to acquisition, InterTrust owned approximately 7.9% of PublishOne's stock. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, InterTrust acquired the remaining 92.1% of the shares of PublishOne in exchange for 976,423 shares of InterTrust common stock with an approximate fair value of $5 million and assumed all outstanding options of PublishOne, which were converted into options to purchase 1,155,221 shares of InterTrust common stock with an approximate fair value of $6 million. The transaction will be accounted for as a purchase with an estimated purchase price of $11 million. Additionally, the agreement includes contingent consideration of 473,577 shares to be issued upon PublishOne meeting certain milestones, as specified in the agreement. InterTrust is currently evaluating the acquisition, including the value of in- process research and development, in order to determine the allocation of the purchase price for accounting purposes. In January 2001, InterTrust sold 4,000,000 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share to Nokia Corporation ("Nokia") for a total cash consideration of $20,000,000. In connection with its investment, Nokia agreed to license InterTrust DRM solutions and select InterTrust as its preferred DRM technology. Additionally per agreement, InterTrust has appointed an executive officer of Nokia to the InterTrust Board of Directors. F-22 INTERTRUST TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (in thousands)
Balance at Beginning Balance at End of Period Additions Reductions of Period ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- Allowance for doubtful accounts: Year Ended: December 31, 2000....... $-- $198 $(20) $178 December 31, 1999....... $-- $-- $-- $--
F-23 INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. Description ------- ----------- 3.1 Sixth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 1, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 3.2*** Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. 4.1 Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2. 4.2* Form of Registrant's Common Stock certificate. 4.3* Form of Registration Rights under select Convertible Promissory Notes. 4.4* Form of Registration Rights under select Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreements. 4.5* Form of Series A Preferred Stock Registration Rights. 4.6* Form of Series B, C, D and E Preferred Stock Registration Rights. 4.7* Form of Registration Rights found in a Class B Non-Voting Common Stock Warrant. 4.8 Stockholder Rights Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Nokia Finance International, B.V., dated January 31, 2001--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed February 20, 2001. 10.1* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by the Registrant with each of its directors and executive officers. 10.2* 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder 10.3* 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. 10.4* 1999 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan. 10.5 Lease between Mission West Properties, L.P. and the Registrant dated July 21, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 84033). 10.6+ Technology Development, Marketing, and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and National Westminster Bank PLC dated August 18, 1998--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.7+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Universal Music Group, Inc. dated April 13, 1999-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.8+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Upgrade Corporation of America dated August 7, 1996-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.9+ Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Mitsubishi Corporation dated October 7, 1996-- incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.10 Warrant for the purchase of Class A Voting Common Stock made by the Registrant and held by Allen & Company Incorporated, dated September 7, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.11 Amendment to Technology, Development, Marketing and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and National Westminster Bank dated August 18, 1998--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 84033).
Exhibit No. Description ------- ----------- 10.12 Amendment to Technology Development and License Agreement by and between the Registrant and Universal Music Group, Inc. dated April 13, 1999--incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). 10.19** Building Lease Agreement by and between First State Realty of America, Inc. and the Registrant dated January 24, 2000. 10.20*** Employment Agreement by and between the Company and David Ludvigson dated August 4, 2000. 10.21 2000 Supplemental Option Plan. 10.22 Full-Recourse Promissory Note dated December 7, 2000 from Bruce Fredrickson to the Company. 21.1* Subsidiaries of the Company. 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors. 24.1 Power of Attorney (See page 44).
- -------- * Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-84033). ** Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-32484). *** Incorporated herein by reference to the exhibit of the same number in the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000. + Confidential treatment requested.
EX-10.21 2 0002.txt 2000 SUPPLEMENTAL OPTION PLAN EXHIBIT 10.21 InterTrust Technologies Corporation 2000 Supplemental Plan (As Adopted December 5, 2000) TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ARTICLE 1. INTRODUCTION............................................... 1 ARTICLE 2. ADMINISTRATION............................................. 1 2.1 Committee Composition........................................ 1 2.2 Committee Responsibilities................................... 1 ARTICLE 3. SHARES AVAILABLE FOR GRANTS................................ 1 3.1 Basic Limitation............................................. 1 3.2 Additional Shares............................................ 2 3.3 Dividend Equivalents......................................... 2 ARTICLE 4. ELIGIBILITY................................................ 2 ARTICLE 5. OPTIONS.................................................... 2 5.1 Stock Option Agreement....................................... 2 5.2 Number of Shares............................................. 2 5.3 Exercise Price............................................... 2 5.4 Exercisability and Term...................................... 2 5.5 Modification or Assumption of Options........................ 2 5.6 Buyout Provisions............................................ 3 ARTICLE 6. PAYMENT FOR OPTION SHARES.................................. 3 6.1 General Rule................................................. 3 6.2 Surrender of Stock........................................... 3 6.3 Exercise/Sale................................................ 3 6.4 Exercise/Pledge.............................................. 3 6.5 Promissory Note.............................................. 3 6.6 Other Forms of Payment....................................... 3 ARTICLE 7. RESTRICTED SHARES.......................................... 4 7.1 Restricted Stock Agreement................................... 4 7.2 Payment for Awards........................................... 4 7.3 Vesting Conditions........................................... 4 7.4 Voting and Dividend Rights................................... 4 ARTICLE 8. PROTECTION AGAINST DILUTION................................ 4 8.1 Adjustments.................................................. 4 8.2 Dissolution or Liquidation................................... 5 8.3 Reorganizations.............................................. 5
ARTICLE 9. CHANGE IN CONTROL.......................................... 5 ARTICLE 10. DEFERRAL OF AWARDS......................................... 5 ARTICLE 11. AWARDS UNDER OTHER PLANS................................... 6 ARTICLE 12. LIMITATION ON RIGHTS....................................... 6 12.1 Retention Rights............................................ 6 12.2 Stockholders' Rights........................................ 6 12.3 Regulatory Requirements..................................... 6 ARTICLE 13. WITHHOLDING TAXES.......................................... 7 13.1 General..................................................... 7 13.2 Share Withholding........................................... 7 ARTICLE 14. FUTURE OF THE PLAN......................................... 7 14.1 Term of the Plan............................................ 7 14.2 Amendment or Termination.................................... 7 ARTICLE 15. DEFINITIONS................................................ 7 15.1 Affiliate................................................... 7 15.2 Award....................................................... 7 15.3 Board....................................................... 7 15.4 Change in Control........................................... 7 15.5 Code........................................................ 8 15.6 Committee................................................... 8 15.7 Common Share................................................ 8 15.8 Company..................................................... 8 15.9 Consultant.................................................. 8 15.10 Employee.................................................... 8 15.11 Related Corporations........................................ 8 15.12 Exercise Price.............................................. 8 15.13 Fair Market Value........................................... 9 15.14 NSO......................................................... 9 15.15 Option...................................................... 9 15.16 Optionee.................................................... 9 15.17 Parent...................................................... 9 15.18 Participant................................................. 9 15.19 Plan........................................................ 9 15.20 Restricted Share............................................ 9 15.21 Restricted Stock Agreement.................................. 9 15.22 Stock Option Agreement...................................... 9 15.23 Subsidiary.................................................. 9
InterTrust Technologies Corporation 2000 Supplemental Plan ARTICLE 1. INTRODUCTION. The Plan was adopted by the Board on December 5, 2000 to be effective as of the date adopted by the Board. The purpose of the Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company and the creation of stockholder value by (a) encouraging Employees and Consultants to focus on critical long-range objectives, (b) encouraging the attraction and retention of Employees, and Consultants with exceptional qualifications and (c) linking Employees and Consultants directly to stockholder interests through increased stock ownership. The Plan seeks to achieve this purpose by providing for Awards in the form of Restricted Shares and Options (which shall constitute nonstatutory stock options). The Plan shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware (except their choice-of-law provisions). ARTICLE 2. ADMINISTRATION. 2.1 Committee Composition. The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. The Committee shall consist exclusively of one or more directors of the Company, who shall be appointed by the Board. In addition, the composition of the Committee shall satisfy: (a) Such requirements as the Securities and Exchange Commission may establish for administrators acting under plans intended to qualify for exemption under Rule 16b-3 (or its successor) under the Exchange Act; and (b) Such requirements as the Internal Revenue Service may establish for outside directors acting under plans intended to qualify for exemption under section 162(m)(4)(C) of the Code. 2.2 Committee Responsibilities. The Committee shall (a) select the Employees and Consultants who are to receive Awards under the Plan, (b) determine the type, number, vesting requirements and other features and conditions of such Awards, (c) interpret the Plan and (d) make all other decisions relating to the operation of the Plan. The Committee may adopt such rules or guidelines as it deems appropriate to implement the Plan. The Committee's determinations under the Plan shall be final and binding on all persons. ARTICLE 3. SHARES AVAILABLE FOR GRANTS. 3.1 Basic Limitation. Common Shares issued pursuant to the Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. The aggregate number of Options and Restricted Shares awarded under the Plan shall not exceed (a) 5,000,000 plus (b) the additional Common Shares described in Sections 3.2 and 3.3. The limitations of this Section 3.1 and Section 3.2 shall be subject to adjustment pursuant to Article 8. 3.2 Additional Shares. If Restricted Shares or Common Shares issued upon the exercise of Options are forfeited, then such Common Shares shall again become available for Awards under the Plan. If Options are forfeited or terminate for any other reason before being exercised, then the corresponding Common Shares shall again become available for Awards under the Plan. 3.3 Dividend Equivalents. Any dividend equivalents paid or credited under the Plan shall not be applied against the number of Restricted Shares or Options available for Awards. ARTICLE 4. ELIGIBILITY. Only Employees and Consultants, who are neither officers of the Company or members of the Board, shall be eligible for the grant of Options and Restricted Shares. ARTICLE 5. OPTIONS. 5.1 Stock Option Agreement. Each grant of an Option under the Plan shall be evidenced by a Stock Option Agreement between the Optionee and the Company. Such Option shall be subject to all applicable terms of the Plan and may be subject to any other terms that are not inconsistent with the Plan. The Stock Option Agreement shall specify that the Option is an NSO. The provisions of the various Stock Option Agreements entered into under the Plan need not be identical. Options may be granted in consideration of a reduction in the Optionee's other compensation. A Stock Option Agreement may provide that a new Option will be granted automatically to the Optionee when he or she exercises a prior Option and pays the Exercise Price in the form described in Section 6.2. 5.2 Number of Shares. Each Stock Option Agreement shall specify the number of Common Shares subject to the Option and shall provide for the adjustment of such number in accordance with Article 8. 5.3 Exercise Price. Each Stock Option Agreement shall specify the Exercise Price; provided that the Exercise Price shall in no event be less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of a Common Share on the date of grant. A Stock Option Agreement may specify an Exercise Price that varies in accordance with a predetermined formula while the NSO is outstanding. 5.4 Exercisability and Term. Each Stock Option Agreement shall specify the date or event when all or any installment of the Option is to become exercisable. The Stock Option Agreement shall also specify the term of the Option. A Stock Option Agreement may provide for accelerated exercisability in the event of the Optionee's death, disability or retirement or other events and may provide for expiration prior to the end of its term in the event of the termination of the Optionee's service. 5.5 Modification or Assumption of Options. Within the limitations of the Plan, the Committee may modify, extend or assume outstanding options or may accept the cancellation of outstanding options (whether granted by the Company or by another issuer) in return for the grant of new options for the same or a different number of shares and at the same or a different exercise price. The foregoing notwithstanding, no modification of an Option shall, without the consent of the Optionee, alter or impair his or her rights or obligations under such Option. 5.6 Buyout Provisions. The Committee may at any time (a) offer to buy out for a payment in cash or cash equivalents an Option previously granted or (b) authorize an Optionee to elect to cash out an Option previously granted, in either case at such time and based upon such terms and conditions as the Committee shall establish. ARTICLE 6. PAYMENT FOR OPTION SHARES. 6.1 General Rule. The entire Exercise Price of Common Shares issued upon exercise of Options shall be payable in cash or cash equivalents at the time when such Common Shares are purchased, except the Committee may at any time accept payment in any form(s) described in this Article 6. 6.2 Surrender of Stock. To the extent that this Section 6.2 is applicable, all or any part of the Exercise Price may be paid by surrendering, or attesting to the ownership of, Common Shares that are already owned by the Optionee. Such Common Shares shall be valued at their Fair Market Value on the date when the new Common Shares are purchased under the Plan. The Optionee shall not surrender, or attest to the ownership of, Common Shares in payment of the Exercise Price if such action would cause the Company to recognize compensation expense (or additional compensation expense) with respect to the Option for financial reporting purposes. 6.3 Exercise/Sale. To the extent that this Section 6.3 is applicable, all or any part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid by delivering (on a form prescribed by the Company) an irrevocable direction to a securities broker approved by the Company to sell all or part of the Common Shares being purchased under the Plan and to deliver all or part of the sales proceeds to the Company. 6.4 Exercise/Pledge. To the extent that this Section 6.4 is applicable, all or any part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid by delivering (on a form prescribed by the Company) an irrevocable direction to pledge all or part of the Common Shares being purchased under the Plan to a securities broker or lender approved by the Company, as security for a loan, and to deliver all or part of the loan proceeds to the Company. 6.5 Promissory Note. To the extent that this Section 6.5 is applicable, all or any part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid by delivering (on a form prescribed by the Company) a full-recourse promissory note. However, the par value of the Common Shares being purchased under the Plan, if newly issued, shall be paid in cash or cash equivalents. 6.6 Other Forms of Payment. To the extent that this Section 6.6 is applicable, all or any part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid in any other form that is consistent with applicable laws, regulations and rules. ARTICLE 7. RESTRICTED SHARES. 7.1 Restricted Stock Agreement. Each grant of Restricted Shares under the Plan shall be evidenced by a Restricted Stock Agreement between the recipient and the Company. Such Restricted Shares shall be subject to all applicable terms of the Plan and may be subject to any other terms that are not inconsistent with the Plan. The provisions of the various Restricted Stock Agreements entered into under the Plan need not be identical. 7.2 Payment for Awards. Subject to the following sentence, Restricted Shares may be sold or awarded under the Plan for such consideration as the Committee may determine, including (without limitation) cash, cash equivalents, full-recourse promissory notes, past services and future services. To the extent that an Award consists of newly issued Restricted Shares, the consideration shall consist exclusively of cash, cash equivalents or past services rendered to the Company (or a Parent or Subsidiary) or, for the amount in excess of the par value of such newly issued Restricted Shares, full-recourse promissory notes, as the Committee may determine. 7.3 Vesting Conditions. Each Award of Restricted Shares may or may not be subject to vesting. Vesting shall occur, in full or in installments, upon satisfaction of the conditions specified in the Restricted Stock Agreement. A Restricted Stock Agreement may provide for accelerated vesting in the event of the Participant's death, disability or retirement or other events. 7.4 Voting and Dividend Rights. The holders of Restricted Shares awarded under the Plan shall have the same voting, dividend and other rights as the Company's other stockholders. A Restricted Stock Agreement, however, may require that the holders of Restricted Shares invest any cash dividends received in additional Restricted Shares. Such additional Restricted Shares shall be subject to the same conditions and restrictions as the Award with respect to which the dividends were paid. ARTICLE 8. PROTECTION AGAINST DILUTION. 8.1 Adjustments. In the event of a subdivision of the outstanding Common Shares, a declaration of a dividend payable in Common Shares, a declaration of a dividend payable in a form other than Common Shares in an amount that has a material effect on the price of Common Shares, a combination or consolidation of the outstanding Common Shares (by reclassification or otherwise) into a lesser number of Common Shares, a recapitalization, a spin-off or a similar occurrence, the Committee shall make such adjustments as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate in one or more of: (a) The number of Options and Restricted Shares available for future Awards under Article 3; (b) The number of Common Shares covered by each outstanding Option; (c) The Exercise Price under each outstanding Option. Except as provided in this Article 8, a Participant shall have no rights by reason of any issue by the Company of stock of any class or securities convertible into stock of any class, any subdivision or consolidation of shares of stock of any class, the payment of any stock dividend or any other increase or decrease in the number of shares of stock of any class. 8.2 Dissolution or Liquidation. To the extent not previously exercised or settled, Options, shall terminate immediately prior to the dissolution or liquidation of the Company. 8.3 Reorganizations. In the event that the Company is a party to a merger or other reorganization, outstanding Awards shall be subject to the agreement of merger or reorganization. Such agreement shall provide for (a) the continuation of the outstanding Awards by the Company, if the Company is a surviving corporation, (b) the assumption of the outstanding Awards by the surviving corporation or its parent or subsidiary, (c) the substitution by the surviving corporation or its parent or subsidiary of its own awards for the outstanding Awards, (d) full exercisability or vesting and accelerated expiration of the outstanding Awards or (e) settlement of the full value of the outstanding Awards in cash or cash equivalents followed by cancellation of such Awards. ARTICLE 9. CHANGE IN CONTROL. Unless the applicable agreement evidencing the Award provides otherwise, in the event of any Change in Control, the vesting and exercisability of each outstanding Award shall automatically accelerate so that each such Award shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, become fully exercisable for all of the Common Shares at the time subject to such Award and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested Common Shares. However, the vesting and exercisability of an outstanding Award shall not so accelerate if and to the extent such Award, in connection with the Change in Control, remains outstanding, or is assumed by the surviving corporation (or parent thereof) or substituted with an award with substantially the same terms by the surviving corporation (or parent thereof). The determination of whether a substituted award has substantially the same terms as an Award shall be made by the Committee, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive. If the Company and the other party to the transaction constituting a Change in Control agree that such transaction is to be treated as a "pooling of interests" for financial reporting purposes, and if such transaction in fact is so treated, then the acceleration of vesting and exercisability shall not occur to the extent that the Company's independent accountants and such other party's independent accountants separately determine in good faith that such acceleration would preclude the use of "pooling of interests" accounting. ARTICLE 10. DEFERRAL OF AWARDS. The Committee (in its sole discretion) may permit or require a Participant to: (a) Have Common Shares that otherwise would be delivered to such Participant as a result of the exercise of an Option converted into an equal number of Stock Units; or (b) Have Common Shares that otherwise would be delivered to such Participant as a result of the exercise of an Option converted into amounts credited to a deferred compensation account established for such Participant by the Committee as an entry on the Company's books. Such amounts shall be determined by reference to the Fair Market Value of such Common Shares as of the date when they otherwise would have been delivered to such Participant. A deferred compensation account established under this Article 10 may be credited with interest or other forms of investment return, as determined by the Committee. A Participant for whom such an account is established shall have no rights other than those of a general creditor of the Company. Such an account shall represent an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement between such Participant and the Company. If the deferral or conversion of Awards is permitted or required, the Committee (in its sole discretion) may establish rules, procedures and forms pertaining to such Awards, including (without limitation) the settlement of deferred compensation accounts established under this Article 10. ARTICLE 11. AWARDS UNDER OTHER PLANS. The Company may grant awards under other plans or programs. Such awards may be settled in the form of Common Shares issued under this Plan. Such Common Shares shall be treated for all purposes under the Plan like Common Shares issued in settlement of stock units and shall, when issued, reduce the number of Common Shares available under Article 3. ARTICLE 12. LIMITATION ON RIGHTS. 12.1 Retention Rights. Neither the Plan nor any Award granted under the Plan shall be deemed to give any individual a right to remain an Employee or Consultant. The Company and its Parents, Subsidiaries and Affiliates reserve the right to terminate the service of any Employee or Consultant at any time, with or without cause, subject to applicable laws, the Company's certificate of incorporation and by-laws and a written employment agreement (if any). 12.2 Stockholders' Rights. A Participant shall have no dividend rights, voting rights or other rights as a stockholder with respect to any Common Shares covered by his or her Award prior to the time when a stock certificate for such Common Shares is issued or, if applicable, the time when he or she becomes entitled to receive such Common Shares by filing any required notice of exercise and paying any required Exercise Price. No adjustment shall be made for cash dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to such time, except as expressly provided in the Plan. 12.3 Regulatory Requirements. Any other provision of the Plan notwithstanding, the obligation of the Company to issue Common Shares under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules and regulations and such approval by any regulatory body as may be required. The Company reserves the right to restrict, in whole or in part, the delivery of Common Shares pursuant to any Award prior to the satisfaction of all legal requirements relating to the issuance of such Common Shares, to their registration, qualification or listing or to an exemption from registration, qualification or listing. ARTICLE 13. WITHHOLDING TAXES. 13.1 General. To the extent required by applicable federal, state, local or foreign law, a Participant or his or her successor shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the satisfaction of any withholding tax obligations that arise in connection with the Plan. The Company shall not be required to issue any Common Shares or make any cash payment under the Plan until such obligations are satisfied. 13.2 Share Withholding. The Committee may permit a Participant to satisfy all or part of his or her withholding or income tax obligations by having the Company withhold all or a portion of any Common Shares that otherwise would be issued to him or her or by surrendering all or a portion of any Common Shares that he or she previously acquired. Such Common Shares shall be valued at their Fair Market Value on the date when they are withheld or surrendered. ARTICLE 14. FUTURE OF THE PLAN. 14.1 Term of the Plan. The Plan, as set forth herein, shall become effective as of the adoption date. The Plan shall remain in effect until it is terminated under Section 14.2. 14.2 Amendment or Termination. The Board may, at any time and for any reason, amend or terminate the Plan. An amendment of the Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Company's stockholders only to the extent required by applicable laws, regulations or rules. No Awards shall be granted under the Plan after the termination thereof. The termination of the Plan, or any amendment thereof, shall not affect any Award previously granted under the Plan. ARTICLE 15. DEFINITIONS. 15.1 "Affiliate" means any entity other than a Subsidiary, if the Company and/or one or more Subsidiaries own not less than 50% of such entity. 15.2 "Award" means any award of an Option or a Restricted Share. 15.3 "Board" means the Company's Board of Directors, as constituted from time to time. 15.4 "Change in Control" shall mean: (a) The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or any other corporate reorganization, if persons who were not stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger, consolidation or other reorganization own immediately after such merger, consolidation or other reorganization 50% or more of the voting power of the outstanding securities of each of (i) the continuing or surviving entity and (ii) any direct or indirect parent corporation of such continuing or surviving entity; (b) The sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets; (c) A change in the composition of the Board, as a result of which fewer than 50% of the incumbent directors are directors who either (i) had been directors of the Company on the date 24 months prior to the date of the event that may constitute a Change in Control (the "original directors") or (ii) were elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the aggregate of the original directors who were still in office at the time of the election or nomination and the directors whose election or nomination was previously so approved; or (d) Any transaction as a result of which any person is the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing at least 50% of the total voting power represented by the Company's then outstanding voting securities. For purposes of this Paragraph (d), the term "person" shall have the same meaning as when used in sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act but shall exclude (i) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or of a Parent or Subsidiary and (ii) a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the common stock of the Company. A transaction shall not constitute a Change in Control if its sole purpose is to change the state of the Company's incorporation or to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company's securities immediately before such transaction. 15.5 "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 15.6 "Committee" means a committee of the Board, as described in Article 2. 15.7 "Common Share" means one share of the class A voting common stock of the Company. 15.8 "Company" means InterTrust Technologies Corporation, a Delaware corporation. 15.9 "Consultant" means a consultant or adviser who provides bona fide services to the Company, a Parent, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate as an independent contractor. Service as a Consultant shall be considered employment for all purposes of the Plan. 15.10 "Employee" means a common-law employee of the Company, a Parent, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate. 15.11 "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 15.12 "Exercise Price" means the amount for which one Common Share may be purchased upon exercise of such Option, as specified in the applicable Stock Option Agreement. 15.13 "Fair Market Value" means the market price of Common Shares, determined by the Committee in good faith on such basis as it deems appropriate. Whenever possible, the determination of Fair Market Value by the Committee shall be based on the prices reported in The Wall Street Journal. Such determination ----------------------- shall be conclusive and binding on all persons. 15.14 "NSO" means a stock option not described in sections 422 or 423 of the Code. 15.15 "Option" means an NSO granted under the Plan and entitling the holder to purchase Common Shares. 15.16 "Optionee" means an individual or estate who holds an Option or SAR. 15.17 "Parent" means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Company, if each of the corporations other than the Company owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. A corporation that attains the status of a Parent on a date after the adoption of the Plan shall be considered a Parent commencing as of such date. 15.18 "Participant" means an individual or estate who holds an Award. 15.19 "Plan" means this InterTrust Technologies Corporation 2000 Supplemental Plan, as amended from time to time. 15.20 "Restricted Share" means a Common Share awarded under the Plan. 15.21 "Restricted Stock Agreement" means the agreement between the Company and the recipient of a Restricted Share which contains the terms, conditions and restrictions pertaining to such Restricted Share. 15.22 "Stock Option Agreement" means the agreement between the Company and an Optionee that contains the terms, conditions and restrictions pertaining to his or her Option. 15.23 "Subsidiary" means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company, if each of the corporations other than the last corporation in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. A corporation that attains the status of a Subsidiary on a date after the adoption of the Plan shall be considered a Subsidiary commencing as of such date.
EX-10.22 3 0003.txt FULL-RECOURSE PROMISSORY NOTE EXHIBIT 10.22 Full-Recourse Promissory Note $100,000.00 December 7, 2000 Santa Clara, California FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned Borrower promises to pay to InterTrust Technologies Corporation (the "Company") at its principal offices at 4750 Patrick Henry Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95054, the principal sum of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00) together with interest from the date of this Note on the unpaid principal balance, upon the terms and conditions specified below. 1. Term. The principal balance of this Note, together with interest accrued and unpaid to date, shall be due and payable at the close of business on December 7, 2001. 2. Rate of Interest. Interest shall accrue under the Note on any unpaid principal balance at the rate of six and one-tenths of one percent (6.10%) per annum, compounded annually. 3. Prepayment. Prepayment of principal and interest may be made at any time without penalty. 4. Events of Acceleration. The entire unpaid principal sum and unpaid interest under this Note shall become immediately due and payable upon the insolvency of the Borrower, the commission of an act of bankruptcy by the Borrower, the execution by the Borrower of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the filing by or against the Borrower of a petition in bankruptcy or a petition for relief under the provisions of the federal bankruptcy act or another state or federal law for the relief of debtors and the continuation of such petition without dismissal for a period of ninety (90) days or more. 5. Security. The Borrower shall be personally liable for payment of this Note, and assets of the Borrower may be applied to the satisfaction of the Borrower's obligations hereunder. 6. Collection. If action is instituted to collect this Note, the Borrower promises to pay all reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorney's fees) incurred in connection with such action. 7. Waiver. No previous waiver and no failure or delay by the Company or the Borrower in acting with respect to the terms of this Note shall constitute a waiver of any breach, default or failure of condition under this Note or the obligations secured thereby. A waiver of any term of this Note or of any of the obligations secured thereby must be made in writing and signed by a duly authorized officer of the Company and shall be limited to the express terms of such waiver. The Borrower hereby expressly waives presentment and demand for payment at such time as any payments are due under this Note. 8. Conflicting Agreements. In the event of any inconsistencies between the terms of this Note and the terms of any other document related to the loan evidenced by the Note, the terms of this Note shall prevail. 9. Governing Law. This Note shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California. /s/ Bruce Fredrickson --------------------------- Bruce Fredrickson Address: 10667 Goose Haven Dr Laffayatte, CO 80026 2 EX-23.1 4 0004.txt CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Forms S-8 (No. 333-90163, No. 333-94961, No. 333-33906 and No. 333-56148) pertaining to the InterTrust Technologies Corporation 1992 Stock Plan, 1995 Stock Plan, 1999 Equity Incentive Plan, 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, 1999 Non-Employee Directors Option Plan, Options Granted Pursuant to Written Compensation Agreements, Shares Acquired under Written Compensation Agreements, the Infinite Ink Corporation 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, the 2000 Supplemental Plan, the PublishOne Inc. 1999 Stock Plan, and Shares Acquired Under a Written Compensatory Agreement with Gregory S. Wood of InterTrust Technologies Corporation of our report dated January 22, 2001 with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of InterTrust Technologies Corporation, included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2000. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Palo Alto, California March 30, 2001
-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----