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Employee Benefit Plans
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
The components of Net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
 Pension Benefits
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansRetiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:202420232024202320242023
Service cost$— $— $1 $1 $— $— 
Interest cost28 27 45 47 2 2 
Expected return on plan assets(23)(24)(48)(51)— — 
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)5 4 15 4 (3)(4)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)— — 3 2 (3)(3)
Recognized settlement loss5 7 — — — — 
Defined benefit plans15 14 16 3 (4)(5)
Defined contribution plans5 5 6 4 n/an/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)20 19 22 7 (4)(5)
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:
Net actuarial loss (gain)(1)
14 44 — (48)(1)(5)
Prior service cost— — — 36 — — 
Amortization of net actuarial (loss) gain(10)(11)(15)(4)3 4 
Amortization of net prior service (cost) credit— — (3)(2)3 3 
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income(2)
4 33 (18)(18)5 2 
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) and Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income$24 $52 $4 $(11)$1 $(3)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Pension Benefits
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansRetiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:202420232024202320242023
Service cost$— $— $2 $2 $— $— 
Interest cost55 54 90 93 4 5 
Expected return on plan assets(46)(49)(96)(107)— — 
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)10 7 31 5 (6)(6)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)— — 4 3 (7)(7)
Recognized settlement loss10 12 — — — — 
Defined benefit plans29 24 31 (4)(9)(8)
Defined contribution plans8 9 11 10 n/an/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)37 33 42 6 (9)(8)
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial loss (gain)(1)
6 37 — (48)(1)(5)
Prior service cost— — — 36 — — 
Amortization of net actuarial (loss) gain(20)(19)(31)(5)6 6 
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit— — (4)(3)7 7 
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income(2)
(14)18 (35)(20)12 8 
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) and Other Comprehensive Income$23 $51 $7 $(14)$3 $— 
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(1)The net actuarial loss for U.S. Pension Plans primarily reflects (i) the remeasurement of our primary U.S. pension plans as a result of the payment of periodic settlements and (ii) adjustments for the actuarial valuation results based on the January 1st plan census data. The 2023 non-U.S. net actuarial gain reflects remeasurements related to the Pension Plan amendments in the U.K. in second quarter 2023. The Retiree Health plan's net actuarial gain reflects adjustments for the actuarial valuation results based on the January 1st plan census data..
(2)Amounts represent the pre-tax effect included within Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Refer to Note 19 - Other Comprehensive Income for related tax effects and the after-tax amounts.
Pension Plan Amendment
In January 2024, the pension board of our Netherlands benefit pension plan transferred the plan’s assets and projected benefit obligation (PBO) to a single general pension fund. In addition to the transition, the indexation target was increased from 75% of price inflation to 100% of price inflation. This plan amendment resulted in an increase of approximately $47 (approximately EUR 44 million) in the PBO for this Collective Defined Contribution (CDC) plan, approximately 6% of the plan PBO as of December 31, 2023. From a Company risk perspective, this CDC plan operates just like a frozen defined contribution plan. Although the Company's risk has been mitigated, under U.S. GAAP this CDC plan doesn't meet the definition of a defined contribution plan and therefore continues to be accounted for as a defined benefit plan.
Contributions
The following table summarizes cash contributions to our defined benefit pension plans and retiree health benefit plans:
Six Months Ended
June 30,		Year Ended
December 31,
20242023
Estimated 2024
2023
U.S. plans$35 $12 $100 $53 
Non-U.S. plans14 13 30 28 
Total Pension plans49 25 130 81 
Retiree Health9 7 20 21 
Total Retirement plans$58 $32 $150 $102 
Approximately $80 of the estimated 2024 contributions for our U.S. plans are for our tax-qualified defined benefit plans.