Income and Other Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

(Loss) income before income taxes and equity income (pre-tax (loss) income) was as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Domestic (loss) income	$	(319)	$	(343)	$	353
Foreign (loss) income	(9)		(132)		(101)
(Loss) Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income	$	(328)	$	(475)	$	252

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The components of Income tax (benefit) expense were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Federal Income Taxes
Current	$	(5)	$	33	$	3
Deferred	(16)		(61)		58
Foreign Income Taxes
Current	23		29		19
Deferred	(2)		(20)		(34)
State Income Taxes
Current	6		10		8
Deferred	(9)		(8)		10
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense	$	(3)	$	(17)	$	64

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the consolidated effective income tax rate was as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Nondeductible expenses	(3.6)	%	(1.9)	%	4.1	%
Effect of tax law changes	0.1	%	3.1	%	(10.5)	%
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(2.2)	%	2.0	%	9.9	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit	0.3	%	(0.6)	%	5.5	%
Audit and other tax return adjustments	(1.6)	%	5.6	%	1.4	%
Tax-exempt income, credits and incentives	8.7	%	4.5	%	(5.9)	%
Foreign rate differential adjusted for U.S. taxation of foreign profits(1)	(0.1)	%	(0.9)	%	(2.6)	%
Stock-based compensation	(0.6)	%	(0.2)	%	2.3	%
Goodwill impairment	(22.0)	%	(29.1)	%	—	%
Other	0.9	%	0.1	%	0.2	%
Effective Income Tax Rate	0.9	%	3.6	%	25.4	%

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(1)The “U.S. taxation of foreign profits” represents the U.S. tax, net of foreign tax credits, associated with actual and deemed repatriations of earnings from our non-U.S. subsidiaries.

Schedule of Allocation of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Total income tax expense (benefit) was allocated to the following items:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Pre-tax (loss) income	$	(3)	$	(17)	$	64
Common shareholders' equity:
Changes in defined benefit plans	70		143		43
Cash flow hedges	(1)		(1)		1
Translation adjustments	—		(4)		(3)
Total Income Tax Expense	$	66	$	121	$	105

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Rollforward

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	2022		2021		2020
Balance at January 1	$	107	$	115	$	127
Additions related to current year	3		7		3
Additions related to prior years positions	4		—		8
Reductions related to prior years positions	—		(14)		(10)
Settlements with taxing authorities(1)	—		7		(8)
Reductions related to lapse of statute of limitations	(3)		(7)		(7)
Currency	(1)		(1)		2
Balance at December 31	$	110	$	107	$	115

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(1)The majority of settlements did not result in the utilization of cash.

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred taxes were as follows:

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred Tax Assets
Research and development	$	204	$	185
Post-retirement medical benefits	54		78
Net operating losses	380		363
Operating reserves, accruals and deferrals	173		133
Tax credit carryforwards	122		143
Deferred and share-based compensation	26		24
Pension	97		7
Depreciation	2		31
Operating lease liabilities	49		62
Other	31		36
Subtotal	1,138		1,062
Valuation allowance	(366)		(357)
Total	$	772	$	705
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Finance lease and installment sales	$	72	$	61
Intangibles and goodwill	115		122
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries	26		31
Operating lease ROU assets	46		58
Other	26		22
Total	$	285	$	294
Total Deferred Taxes, Net	$	487	$	411
Reconciliation to the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Deferred tax assets	$	582	$	519
Deferred tax liabilities(1)	(95)		(108)
Total Deferred Taxes, Net	$	487	$	411

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(1)Represents the deferred tax liabilities recorded in Other long-term liabilities - refer to Note 14 - Supplementary Financial Information.