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Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]
The following table reflects the adjustment of selected lines from our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) to the recasted amounts as a result of the adoption of this update:
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
 
As Reported
 
Adjustment
 
As Recasted
 
As Reported
 
Adjustment
 
As Recasted
Cost of sales
 
$
2,491

 
$
(4
)
 
$
2,487

 
$
2,657

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2,656

Cost of services, maintenance and rentals
 
3,580

 
(62
)
 
3,518

 
3,725

 
(43
)
 
3,682

Research, development and engineering expenses
 
446

 
(22
)
 
424

 
476

 
(13
)
 
463

Selling, administrative and general expenses(1)
 
2,622

 
(96
)
 
2,526

 
2,695

 
(59
)
 
2,636

Restructuring and related costs
 
220

 
(4
)
 
216

 
264

 
(5
)
 
259

Other expenses, net
 
141

 
188

 
329

 
200

 
121

 
321

____________
(1)
The 2017 reported amount for Selling, administrative and general expenses reflects the reclass of $9 for Transaction and related costs, net, in order to conform to the separate presentation of these costs in the 2018 Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
The impacts of adopting ASC Topic 606 on our Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
Superseded Revenue Guidance(1)
 
Adjustments
 
As Reported
Deferred tax assets
 
$
773

 
$
(33
)
 
$
740

Other long-term assets
 
717

 
142

 
859

Retained earnings
 
4,963

 
109

 
5,072

____________
(1)
Reflects balance of account under revenue recognition guidance superseded by ASC Topic 606.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenues disaggregated by primary geographic markets, major product lines, and sales channels are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Primary geographical markets(1)
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
5,778

 
$
6,064

Europe
 
2,625

 
2,697

Canada
 
569

 
648

Other
 
858

 
856

Total Revenues
 
$
9,830

 
$
10,265

 
 
 
 
 
Major product and services lines
 
 
 
 
Equipment(2)
 
$
2,200

 
$
2,251

Supplies, paper and other sales
 
1,772

 
1,822

Maintenance agreements(3)
 
2,469

 
2,586

Service arrangements(4)
 
2,426

 
2,558

Rental and other
 
695

 
754

Financing
 
268

 
294

Total Revenues
 
$
9,830

 
$
10,265

 
 
 
 
 
Sales channels:
 
 
 
 
Direct equipment lease(5)
 
$
699

 
$
718

Distributors & resellers(6)
 
1,394

 
1,433

Customer direct
 
1,879

 
1,922

Total Sales
 
$
3,972

 
$
4,073

_____________
(1)
Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.
(2)
For the year ended December 31, 2017, Equipment sale revenues excluded $44 of equipment-related training revenue, which was classified as Services under previous revenue guidance - see "Adoption Summary" above.
(3)
Includes revenues from maintenance agreements on sold equipment as well as revenues associated with service agreements sold in our small and mid-sized business (SMB) focused channels and through our channel partners as Xerox Partner Print Services (XPPS).
(4)
Primarily includes revenues from our Managed Document Services (MDS) offerings. Also includes revenues from embedded operating leases, which were not significant.
(5)
Primarily reflects direct sales through bundled lease arrangements.
(6)
Primarily reflects sales through our two-tier distribution channels.