Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Operating segment revenues and profitability

Selected financial information for our reportable segments was as follows:




	Document Technology		Services		Other			Total
2016 ⁽¹⁾
Revenue	$	6,458	$	3,438	$	550		$	10,446
Finance income	251		67		7			325
Total Segment Revenue	$	6,709	$	3,505	$	557		$	10,771
Depreciation and amortization⁽²⁾	$	274	$	218	$	13		$	505
Interest expense	108		19		182			309
Segment profit (loss)	901		469		(223		)	1,147
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	97		24		—			121

2015 ⁽¹⁾
Revenue	$	7,098	$	3,485	$	536		$	11,119
Finance income	267		72		7			346
Total Segment Revenue	$	7,365	$	3,557	$	543		$	11,465
Depreciation and amortization⁽²⁾	$	297	$	222	$	11		$	530
Interest expense	109		20		217			346
Segment profit (loss)	1,041		458		(225		)	1,274
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	108		27		—			135

2014 ⁽¹⁾
Revenue	$	8,044	$	3,658	$	590		$	12,292
Finance income	314		65		8			387
Total Segment Revenue	$	8,358	$	3,723	$	598		$	12,679
Depreciation and amortization⁽²⁾	$	334	$	225	$	15		$	574
Interest expense	121		18		227			366
Segment profit (loss)	1,285		443		(218		)	1,510
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	128		32		—			160

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(1)	Asset information on a segment basis is not disclosed as this information is not separately identified and internally reported to our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).


(2)	Depreciation and amortization excludes amortization of intangible assets - see reconciliation below.

Reconciliation to pre-tax income (loss)

The following is a reconciliation of segment profit to pre-tax income:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Total Segment Profit	$	1,147		$	1,274		$	1,510
Reconciling items:
Amortization of intangible assets	(58		)	(60		)	(65		)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	(121		)	(135		)	(160		)
Restructuring and related costs	(264		)	(27		)	(106		)
Restructuring charges of Fuji Xerox	(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Business transformation costs⁽¹⁾	(2		)	(8		)	(7		)
Non-service retirement-related costs⁽²⁾	(131		)	(116		)	(79		)
Pre-tax Income	$	568		$	924		$	1,090

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(1)	Business transformation costs represent incremental costs incurred directly in support of our business transformation and restructuring initiatives such as compensation costs for overlapping staff, consulting costs and training costs.


(2)	Represents the non-service elements of our defined-benefit pension and retiree-health plan costs. Refer to Note 16 - Employee Benefit Plans for details regarding these elements.

Revenue and long-lived assets by geography

Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue or long-lived assets and is as follows for the three years ended December 31:



	Revenues						Long-Lived Assets ⁽¹⁾
	2016		2015		2014		2016		2015
United States	$	6,403	$	6,734	$	7,184	$	824	$	886
Europe	2,861		3,155		3,649		359		435
Other areas	1,507		1,576		1,846		178		163
Total Revenues and Long-Lived Assets	$	10,771	$	11,465	$	12,679	$	1,361	$	1,484

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(1)	Long-lived assets are comprised of (i) Land, buildings and equipment, net, (ii) Equipment on operating leases, net, (iii) Internal use software, net and (iv) Product software,