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Finance Receivables, Net (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Financing Receivable, Net [Abstract]  
Finance Receivables Sales Activity
The following is a summary of our prior sales activity.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Net carrying value (NCV) sold
 
$
676

 
$
682

Allowance included in NCV
 
17

 
18

Cash proceeds received
 
635

 
630

Beneficial interests received
 
86

 
101

Finance Receivables Sales Impact on Operating Cash Flows
The net impact from the sales of finance receivables on operating cash flows is summarized below:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Impact from prior sales of finance receivables(1)
 
$
(51
)
 
$
(89
)
 
$
(110
)
 
$
(194
)
Collections on beneficial interest
 
8

 
15

 
18

 
33

Estimated decrease to operating cash flows
 
$
(43
)
 
$
(74
)
 
$
(92
)
 
$
(161
)
____________________________ 
(1)     Represents cash that would have been collected had we not sold finance receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables
The following table is a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful finance receivables as well as the related investment in finance receivables:
Allowance for Credit Losses:
 
United States
 
Canada
 
Europe
 
Other(2)
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015(1)
 
$
54

 
$
17

 
$
45

 
$
2

 
$
118

Provision
 
4

 
1

 
5

 

 
10

Charge-offs
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 

 
(6
)
Recoveries and other(3)
 
1

 
2

 
1

 

 
4

Balance at March 31, 2016
 
$
57

 
$
18

 
$
49

 
$
2

 
$
126

Provision
 

 
1

 
7

 


 
8

Charge-offs
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(8
)
Recoveries and other(3)
 

 
1

 
(2
)
 

 
(1
)
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
$
54

 
$
18

 
$
51

 
$
2

 
$
125

Finance receivables as of June 30, 2016 collectively evaluated for impairment(4)
 
$
2,149

 
$
389

 
$
1,424

 
$
64

 
$
4,026

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014(1)
 
$
51

 
$
20

 
$
58

 
$
2

 
$
131

Provision
 
4

 
1

 
5

 
1

 
11

Charge-offs
 

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
Recoveries and other(3)
 

 

 
(6
)
 

 
(6
)
Balance at March 31, 2015
 
$
55

 
$
18

 
$
56

 
$
2

 
$
131

Provision
 
3

 
1

 
6

 

 
10

Charge-offs
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(10
)
Recoveries and other(3)
 
(1
)
 
1

 
3

 

 
3

Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
54

 
$
18

 
$
60

 
$
2

 
$
134

Finance receivables as of June 30, 2015 collectively evaluated for impairment(1),(4)
 
$
2,074

 
$
397

 
$
1,619

 
$
66

 
$
4,156

 __________________
(1)
In the first quarter 2016, as a result of an internal reorganization, a U.S. leasing unit previously classified in Other was reclassified to the U.S. Prior year amounts have been revised to conform to current year presentation.
(2)
Includes developing market countries and smaller units.
(3)
Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.
(4)
Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $125 and $134 at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators
Details about our finance receivables portfolio based on industry and credit quality indicators are as follows:
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015(4)
 
Investment
Grade
 
Non-investment
Grade
 
Substandard
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
 
Investment
Grade
 
Non-investment
Grade
 
Substandard
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
Finance and other services
$
183

 
$
327

 
$
93

 
$
603

 
$
195

 
$
285

 
$
91

 
$
571

Government and education
554

 
54

 
6

 
614

 
575

 
48

 
7

 
630

Graphic arts
137

 
108

 
107

 
352

 
145

 
92

 
127

 
364

Industrial
85

 
71

 
24

 
180

 
89

 
62

 
22

 
173

Healthcare
82

 
48

 
16

 
146

 
90

 
46

 
19

 
155

Other
97

 
104

 
53

 
254

 
121

 
107

 
53

 
281

Total United States
1,138

 
712

 
299

 
2,149

 
1,215

 
640

 
319

 
2,174

Finance and other services
60

 
41

 
9

 
110

 
55

 
35

 
9

 
99

Government and education
58

 
7

 
1

 
66

 
59

 
7

 
2

 
68

Graphic arts
44

 
39

 
22

 
105

 
45

 
35

 
21

 
101

Industrial
24

 
13

 
4

 
41

 
23

 
12

 
3

 
38

Other
37

 
26

 
4

 
67

 
33

 
23

 
3

 
59

Total Canada
223

 
126

 
40

 
389

 
215

 
112

 
38

 
365

France
191

 
245

 
66

 
502

 
203

 
207

 
101

 
511

U.K./Ireland
198

 
83

 
2

 
283

 
235

 
91

 
3

 
329

Central(1)
207

 
165

 
23

 
395

 
206

 
186

 
25

 
417

Southern(2)
40

 
133

 
14

 
187

 
36

 
138

 
17

 
191

Nordics(3)
31

 
24

 
2

 
57

 
24

 
35

 
2

 
61

Total Europe
667

 
650

 
107

 
1,424

 
704

 
657

 
148

 
1,509

Other
41

 
20

 
3

 
64

 
41

 
16

 
1

 
58

Total
$
2,069

 
$
1,508

 
$
449

 
$
4,026

 
$
2,175

 
$
1,425

 
$
506

 
$
4,106

_____________________________

(1)
Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.
(2)
Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.
(3)
Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.
(4)
In the first quarter 2016, as a result of an internal reorganization, a U.S. leasing unit previously classified in Other was reclassified to the U.S. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Finance Receivables Aging
The aging of our billed finance receivables is based upon the number of days an invoice is past due and is as follows:
 
June 30, 2016
 
Current
 
31-90
Days
Past Due
 
>90 Days
Past Due
 
Total Billed
 
Unbilled
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
 
>90 Days
and
Accruing
Finance and other services
$
9

 
$
4

 
$
2

 
$
15

 
$
588

 
$
603

 
$
12

Government and education
13

 
4

 
4

 
21

 
593

 
614

 
25

Graphic arts
13

 
1

 

 
14

 
338

 
352

 
6

Industrial
3

 
2

 
1

 
6

 
174

 
180

 
5

Healthcare
3

 
2

 
1

 
6

 
140

 
146

 
5

Other
9

 
2

 
1

 
12

 
242

 
254

 
6

Total United States
50

 
15

 
9

 
74

 
2,075

 
2,149

 
59

Canada
3

 

 

 
3

 
386

 
389

 
10

France
4

 

 

 
4

 
498

 
502

 
29

U.K./Ireland
2

 
1

 

 
3

 
280

 
283

 
1

Central(1)
3

 
1

 
1

 
5

 
390

 
395

 
8

Southern(2)
7

 
2

 
2

 
11

 
176

 
187

 
7

Nordics(3)
1

 

 

 
1

 
56

 
57

 
2

Total Europe
17

 
4

 
3

 
24

 
1,400

 
1,424

 
47

Other
3

 

 

 
3

 
61

 
64

 

Total
$
73

 
$
19

 
$
12

 
$
104

 
$
3,922

 
$
4,026

 
$
116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015(4)
 
Current
 
31-90
Days
Past Due
 
>90 Days
Past Due
 
Total Billed
 
Unbilled
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
 
>90 Days
and
Accruing
Finance and other services
$
10

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
14

 
$
557

 
$
571

 
$
14

Government and education
12

 
1

 
4

 
17

 
613

 
630

 
37

Graphic arts
12

 
2

 
1

 
15

 
349

 
364

 
8

Industrial
5

 
1

 
1

 
7

 
166

 
173

 
7

Healthcare
4

 
1

 
1

 
6

 
149

 
155

 
9

Other
14

 
2

 
2

 
18

 
263

 
281

 
7

Total United States
57

 
9

 
11

 
77

 
2,097

 
2,174

 
82

Canada
3

 

 

 
3

 
362

 
365

 
9

France

 

 

 

 
511

 
511

 
25

U.K./Ireland
1

 

 

 
1

 
328

 
329

 
1

Central(1)
3

 
1

 
1

 
5

 
412

 
417

 
7

Southern(2)
8

 
2

 
3

 
13

 
178

 
191

 
10

Nordics(3)
1

 

 

 
1

 
60

 
61

 
4

Total Europe
13

 
3

 
4

 
20

 
1,489

 
1,509

 
47

Other
1

 
1

 

 
2

 
56

 
58

 

Total
$
74

 
$
13

 
$
15

 
$
102

 
$
4,004

 
$
4,106

 
$
138

 _____________________________
(1)
Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.
(2)
Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.
(3)
Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.
(4)
In the first quarter 2016, as a result of an internal reorganization, a U.S. leasing unit previously classified in Other was reclassified to the U.S. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.