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Finance Receivables, Net (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]  
Finance Receivables
Finance receivables, net were as follows:
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
Gross receivables
 
$
4,683

 
$
5,009

Unearned income
 
(577
)
 
(624
)
Subtotal
 
4,106

 
4,385

Residual values
 
—

 
—

Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(118
)
 
(131
)
Finance Receivables, Net
 
3,988

 
4,254

Less: Billed portion of finance receivables, net
 
97

 
110

Less: Current portion of finance receivables not billed, net
 
1,315

 
1,425

Finance Receivables Due After One Year, Net
 
$
2,576

 
$
2,719
Schedule of Financing Receivables, Minimum Payments
Contractual maturities of our gross finance receivables as of December 31, 2015 were as follows (including those already billed of $102):
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
Thereafter 
 
Total 
$
1,717

 
$
1,295

 
$
922

 
$
530

 
$
201

 
$
18

 
$
4,683
Finance Receivables Sales Activity
The following is a summary of our prior sales activity:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Net carrying value (NCV) sold
 
$
676

 
$
682

Allowance included in NCV
 
17

 
18

Cash proceeds received
 
635

 
630

Beneficial interests received
 
86

 
101
Impact to Cash Flows from Sales of Finance Receivables
The net impact from the sales of finance receivables on operating cash flows is summarized below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Net cash received for sales of finance receivables(1)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
631

 
$
625

Impact from prior sales of finance receivables(2)
 
(342
)
 
(527
)
 
(392
)
 
(45
)
Collections on beneficial interests
 
56

 
94

 
58

 
—

Estimated (Decrease) Increase to Operating Cash Flows
 
$
(286
)
 
$
(433
)
 
$
297

 
$
580

____________
(1)
Net of beneficial interest, fees and expenses.
(2)
Represents cash that would have been collected if we had not sold finance receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses Rollforward, and the Investment in Finance Receivables
The following table is a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful finance receivables as well as the related investment in finance receivables:
Allowance for Credit Losses:
 
United States
 
Canada
 
Europe
 
Other(3)
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
$
45

 
$
22

 
$
81

 
$
6

 
$
154

Provision
 
—

 
9

 
15

 
9

 
33

Charge-offs
 
(5
)
 
(14
)
 
(29
)
 
(3
)
 
(51
)
Recoveries and other(1)
 
1

 
3

 
(9
)
 
—

 
(5
)
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
41

 
20

 
58

 
12

 
131

Provision
 
5

 
6

 
10

 
7

 
28

Charge-offs
 
(5
)
 
(10
)
 
(17
)
 
(4
)
 
(36
)
Recoveries and other(1)
 
1

 
1

 
(6
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
42

 
$
17

 
$
45

 
$
14

 
$
118

Finance Receivables Collectively Evaluated for Impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014(2)
 
$
1,728

 
$
424

 
$
1,835

 
$
398

 
$
4,385

December 31, 2015(2)
 
$
1,731

 
$
365

 
$
1,509

 
$
501

 
$
4,106

 __________
(1)
Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.
(2)
Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $118 and $131 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(3)
Includes developing market countries and smaller units.
Credit Quality Indicators for Finance Receivables
Details about our finance receivables portfolio based on industry and credit quality indicators are as follows:
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Investment
Grade
 
Non-investment
Grade
 
Sub-standard
 
Total
Finance Receivables
 
Investment
Grade
 
Non-investment
Grade
 
Sub-standard
 
Total
Finance Receivables
Finance and other services
$
191

 
$
184

 
$
58

 
$
433

 
$
195

 
$
159

 
$
55

 
$
409

Government and education
536

 
13

 
4

 
553

 
589

 
13

 
3

 
605

Graphic arts
145

 
86

 
119

 
350

 
148

 
79

 
90

 
317

Industrial
84

 
44

 
18

 
146

 
92

 
41

 
18

 
151

Healthcare
83

 
24

 
13

 
120

 
84

 
26

 
14

 
124

Other
52

 
48

 
29

 
129

 
55

 
38

 
29

 
122

Total United States
1,091

 
399

 
241

 
1,731

 
1,163

 
356

 
209

 
1,728

Finance and other services
55

 
35

 
9

 
99

 
54

 
31

 
12

 
97

Government and education
59

 
7

 
2

 
68

 
76

 
8

 
2

 
86

Graphic arts
45

 
35

 
21

 
101

 
58

 
49

 
36

 
143

Industrial
23

 
12

 
3

 
38

 
24

 
13

 
4

 
41

Other
33

 
23

 
3

 
59

 
34

 
19

 
4

 
57

Total Canada(1)
215

 
112

 
38

 
365

 
246

 
120

 
58

 
424

France
203

 
207

 
101

 
511

 
253

 
234

 
129

 
616

U.K/Ireland
235

 
91

 
3

 
329

 
255

 
101

 
6

 
362

Central(2)
206

 
186

 
25

 
417

 
230

 
278

 
30

 
538

Southern(3)
36

 
138

 
17

 
191

 
60

 
148

 
36

 
244

Nordic(4)
24

 
35

 
2

 
61

 
25

 
49

 
1

 
75

Total Europe
704

 
657

 
148

 
1,509

 
823

 
810

 
202

 
1,835

Other
165

 
257

 
79

 
501

 
195

 
163

 
40

 
398

Total
$
2,175

 
$
1,425

 
$
506

 
$
4,106

 
$
2,427

 
$
1,449

 
$
509

 
$
4,385


__________
(1)
Historically, the Company had included certain Canadian customers with graphic arts activity in their industry sector. In 2014, these customers were reclassified to Graphic Arts to better reflect their primary business activity.
(2)
Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.
(3)
Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.
(4)
Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.
Aging of Billed Finance Receivables
The aging of our billed finance receivables is as follows:
 
December 31, 2015
 
Current
 
31-90
Days
Past Due
 
>90 Days
Past Due
 
Total Billed
 
Unbilled
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
 
>90 Days
and
Accruing
Finance and other services
$
7

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
11

 
$
422

 
$
433

 
$
14

Government and education
11

 
1

 
4

 
16

 
537

 
553

 
37

Graphic arts
12

 
2

 
1

 
15

 
335

 
350

 
8

Industrial
4

 
1

 
1

 
6

 
140

 
146

 
7

Healthcare
3

 
1

 
1

 
5

 
115

 
120

 
9

Other
2

 
1

 
1

 
4

 
125

 
129

 
7

Total United States
39

 
8

 
10

 
57

 
1,674

 
1,731

 
82

Canada
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
362

 
365

 
9

France
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
511

 
511

 
25

U.K./Ireland
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
328

 
329

 
1

Central(1)
3

 
1

 
1

 
5

 
412

 
417

 
7

Southern(2)
8

 
2

 
3

 
13

 
178

 
191

 
10

Nordic(3)
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
60

 
61

 
4

Total Europe
13

 
3

 
4

 
20

 
1,489

 
1,509

 
47

Other
19

 
2

 
1

 
22

 
479

 
501

 
—

Total
$
74

 
$
13

 
$
15

 
$
102

 
$
4,004

 
$
4,106

 
$
138


 
December 31, 2014
 
Current
 
31-90
Days
Past Due
 
>90 Days
Past Due
 
Total Billed
 
Unbilled
 
Total
Finance
Receivables
 
>90 Days
and
Accruing
Finance and other services
$
7

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
10

 
$
399

 
$
409

 
$
13

Government and education
14

 
4

 
3

 
21

 
584

 
605

 
25

Graphic arts
12

 
1

 
1

 
14

 
303

 
317

 
6

Industrial
4

 
1

 
1

 
6

 
145

 
151

 
9

Healthcare
3

 
1

 
—

 
4

 
120

 
124

 
5

Other
3

 
1

 
—

 
4

 
118

 
122

 
6

Total United States
43

 
10

 
6

 
59

 
1,669

 
1,728

 
64

Canada
9

 
2

 
1

 
12

 
412

 
424

 
17

France
—

 
1

 
2

 
3

 
613

 
616

 
35

U.K./Ireland
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
361

 
362

 
1

Central(1)
2

 
2

 
1

 
5

 
533

 
538

 
15

Southern(2)
14

 
4

 
4

 
22

 
222

 
244

 
17

Nordic(3)
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
74

 
75

 
2

Total Europe
18

 
7

 
7

 
32

 
1,803

 
1,835

 
70

Other
13

 
1

 
—

 
14

 
384

 
398

 
—

Total
$
83

 
$
20

 
$
14

 
$
117

 
$
4,268

 
$
4,385

 
$
151

 ___________
(1)
Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.
(2)
Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.
(3)
Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.