EX-99.1 2 exhibit99-1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 exhibit99-1.htm

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
1

 


 

MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS

While volatile equity markets and lower interest rates took their toll in the second quarter, we made substantive progress against our strategic priorities, delivered excellent operating results and prudently managed our capital and financial position. Across our Company, we are seeing evidence that our long-term growth strategy is producing results.

Despite the difficult economic environment, our businesses performed well during the second quarter and generated strong new business embedded value. We delivered robust growth in insurance sales, improved our product mix, and increased pricing on a number of products.

Notably, in a number of our Asian territories, we achieved record insurance sales, with many showing year-over-year double-digit growth. We continued to execute on our strategy to diversify our distribution channels, with particularly strong results through the managing general agent channel in Japan and Bank Danamon in Indonesia. And while the poor macro-economic environment put pressure on wealth management sales in North America and asset values, we reported another all-time record $514 billion funds under management.

In the second quarter of 2012, Manulife Financial reported a net loss attributed to shareholders of $300 million, reflecting the challenging equity markets and interest rate environment. For the quarter, the fully diluted loss per common share excluding convertible instruments was $0.18 and return on common shareholders equity was negative 5.8 per cent. Year-to-date, our net income attributed to shareholders was $906 million. Excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates, our net income for the first half of 2012 was $1,558 million.

We are pleased that our variable annuity hedging program offset 88 per cent of the negative market impacts in the quarter and was essentially fully effective for the first half of the year. We remain ahead of our timetable on hedging and have reduced our earnings sensitivity to interest rates. We ended the second quarter with reduced leverage and a capital ratio of 213 per cent for The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company.  This position is further supported by our de-risking activities.

On the other hand, we need to remind investors of the third quarter basis changes and of the impact of the continued macro-economic headwinds on our 2015 objectives.

We will be completing our annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions in the third quarter of 2012. While we cannot currently quantify the likely impact, the high end of the range of potential outcomes, based on our preliminary work, is currently in the order of $1 billion. Most of the impact relates to products and businesses that are not a substantial part of our go-forward new business plans. The ultimate outcome will also be impacted by market conditions at the end of the third quarter.

Due to the unfavourable economic conditions we increasingly view our goal of $4 billion in earnings in 2015 as a stretch target. With that in mind, it is all the more important that we remain focused on the efficiency and effectiveness of our business and protecting margins.

In the face of a demanding economic environment, Manulife’s businesses are clearly showing resilience and the capacity to grow. We are moving in the right direction and taking strategic steps toward long term growth.

 

 

 
Donald A. Guloien
President and Chief Executive Officer


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
2

 


SALES AND BUSINESS GROWTH
 
Asia Division
 
It is gratifying to achieve record sales results this quarter, but we are even prouder of the emergence of green shoots from the seeds we planted for our future. We successfully hired the team and built the systems needed for the July 1st launch of our partnership with Bank Danamon, and we opened operations in our eleventh territory in Asia, Cambodia.
 
Asia Division posted record Insurance sales1 of US$417 million for the second quarter of 2012, an increase of 17 per cent2 over the second quarter of 2011.
 
·
Record Hong Kong insurance sales of US$81 million were up 62 per cent over the second quarter of 2011 and benefited from strong sales of our whole life par product prior to price increases effective in June 2012.
 
·
Insurance sales in Other Asia (Asia other than Hong Kong and Japan), were US$98 million, 19 per cent higher than the second quarter of 2011.  Record sales in Indonesia were driven by growth in our bancassurance channel, particularly sales from Bank Danamon. In Vietnam, our growth momentum continued with sales up 26 per cent over the same quarter of the prior year.
 
·
Record Japan insurance sales of US$238 million were seven per cent higher than the second quarter of 2011.  We continue to see strong growth in sales through the managing general agent (MGA) channel, which now represents about three quarters of our insurance sales in Japan. In addition to strong cancer product sales in the second quarter, we also had significant sales of our increasing term product.

Second quarter 2012 wealth sales of US$1.4 billion were three per cent higher than the second quarter of 2011.
 
·
Japan sales of US$373 million were more than double the second quarter of 2011 driven by continued strong growth of foreign currency fixed annuity sales through the bank channel.
 
·
Wealth sales in Other Asia were US$849 million, eight per cent lower than the second quarter of 2011. Year over year growth in Taiwan and the Philippines was more than offset by a decline in Manulife TEDA, where second quarter sales were negatively impacted by market volatility.
 
·
Hong Kong sales of US$162 million were 36 per cent lower than the second quarter of 2011 as the business continued to be impacted by volatile markets.
 
We continued to successfully execute our Asian growth strategy of building distribution capacity in both the agency and bank channels.  Distribution highlights include:
 
·
Insurance sales through the bank channel were triple the second quarter 2011 levels in Hong Kong and in Indonesia. In Indonesia, insurance sales through Bank Danamon grew by 40 per cent compared with the first quarter of 2012 as we continued to build momentum ahead of the July 1, 2012 start of our exclusive partnership with Bank Danamon.
 
·
At June 30, 2012, we had over 50,000 agents, an increase of 14 per cent over the June 30, 2011 level. Seven of ten territories reported double digit growth compared to June 30, 2011.
 

Canadian Division
 
We are very pleased with the strong sales performance in both Group Benefits and Group Retirement Solutions to date this year. In addition, second quarter travel sales were up almost 50 per cent year over year and Individual Insurance continued to drive our desired shift in mix of business. Mutual fund sales continued to be challenged by the unsettled conditions affecting the entire mutual fund industry as a result of persistent volatility in equity markets and interest rates. Our focus on further building our mutual fund franchise was rewarded by the addition of seven more Manulife Mutual Funds to the recommended lists of our broker-dealer distribution partners during the quarter.

According to the most recently published industry information, both Group Benefits and Group Retirement Solutions (GRS) led the market in sales in the first quarter of 20123. Group Benefits continued its strong momentum with record sales of $374 million in the second quarter, while GRS’ second quarter sales of $99 million declined relative to the strong first quarter of 2012 and to the second quarter of 2011, reflecting normal variability of sales in the group market.

Individual Insurance sales continued to align with our strategy to reduce new business risk, with a significantly lower proportion of sales with guaranteed long duration features compared with one year ago. In recognition of the additional declines in interest rates during the year, we introduced further price increases for long duration products in June 2012. Second quarter sales of recurring premium business of $68 million were marginally above second quarter 2011 levels. Single premium sales of $56 million rose 30 per cent from the second quarter of 2011, driven by expanded distribution of travel insurance.

Individual Wealth Management sales of $2.3 billion increased five per cent from the first quarter of 2012 and were nine per cent below the same period of 2011. Contributing to the decline were the continuing unsettled market conditions due to persistent equity market volatility and low interest rates.  As at


 
1
This item is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and non-GAAP Measures” below.
 
 
2
Sales, premiums and deposits and funds under management growth (decline) rates are quoted on a constant currency basis. Constant currency is a non-GAAP measure. See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below
 
 
3
Based on quarterly LIMRA industry sales report as at March 31, 2012.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
3

 

 
June 30, 2012, Manulife Bank achieved record assets of over $21 billion. New lending volumes for the quarter increased by nine per cent from second quarter 2011 levels to a near-record $1.3 billion.

Manulife Mutual Funds’ (MMF) assets under management (AUM) of $18.7 billion at June 30, 2012 increased by three per cent compared with June 30, 2011, while industry AUM remained essentially unchanged4.   MMF sales in the second quarter were $382 million, a decline of 45 per cent from the record levels reported in the second quarter of 2011, which included $100 million in deposits to a closed end fund. Euro zone market volatility and the resulting decline in Canadian equity markets impacted investor confidence and industry net sales4 were down 35 per cent in the second quarter compared with the second quarter of 2011. MMF net sales also declined, but more moderately than the industry average.

Sales of segregated fund products were $563 million in the second quarter, modestly below the same period last year. Fixed rate product sales continued at lower levels, reflecting the continued low interest rate environment.

 
U.S. Division
 
We are pleased with the traction we have been able to achieve in our Retirement Plan Services business.  This resulted in record second quarter sales results.  Across all businesses, we continue to focus on developing products with reduced risk and higher margins.  In the Long-Term Care business, we are launching a new product that passes investment results to the consumer resulting in reduced risk for the Company and the potential for increased benefits to the customer. Life insurance sales increased 17 per cent over the same quarter of the prior year driven by sales of products with reduced risk and higher return potential.

Wealth management sales (excluding Variable Annuities) were US$4.4 billion, a decrease of four per cent from the same quarter of the prior year with decreased Mutual Fund sales partially offset by strong sales in John Hancock Retirement Plan Services (“JH RPS”). Excluding the impact of the second quarter 2011 closed end fund IPO in John Hancock Mutual Funds, Wealth Management sales (excluding Variable Annuities) increased three per cent compared with the same quarter of the prior year.

·
JH RPS sales of US$1.2 billion were a record second quarter result and represented an increase of 21 per cent compared with the same quarter of the prior year.  Our continued focus on delivering value to 401(k) plan sponsors and their participants through high quality investments and ease of doing business along with improved penetration of top distributors were the key drivers to our sales success.

·
John Hancock Mutual Funds (“JH Funds”) had funds under management as of June 30, 2012 of US$38 billion, a three per cent increase from June 30, 2011, primarily due to positive net sales. Second quarter sales decreased nine per cent to US$3.1 billion compared with the same quarter of the prior year. Excluding the second quarter 2011 closed end IPO offering, sales were flat compared with the same quarter of the prior year.  Industry sales of equity based funds, where John Hancock has its strongest presence, continued to be challenged with consumers preferring lower risk fixed income funds.  JH Funds experienced positive net sales5 in the non-proprietary market segment, while the overall industry incurred net redemptions year-to-date through June 2012 As of June 30, 2012, JH Funds offered 20 Four- or Five-Star Morningstar6 rated equity and fixed income mutual funds.

·
The John Hancock Lifestyle and Target Date portfolios offered through our mutual fund, 401(k), variable annuity and variable life products had assets under management of US$75.7 billion as of June 30, 2012, a one per cent increase over June 30, 2011. Lifestyle and Target Date portfolios offered through our 401(k) products continued to be the most attractive offerings, with US$2.1 billion or 68 per cent of premiums and deposits7 in the second quarter of 2012, an increase of 16 per cent over premiums and deposits for these portfolios for the same quarter of the prior year.  As of June 30, 2012, John Hancock was the third largest manager in the U.S. of assets for Lifestyle and Target Date funds offered through retail mutual funds and variable insurance products8.

·
John Hancock Annuities (“JH Annuities”) sales declined consistent with expectations reflecting the continued low interest rate environment and the actions taken to de-risk products. Variable annuity sales in the second quarter were US$309 million, more than 40 per cent lower than the second quarter of 2011 and approximately two thirds of the sales related to new deposits on in-force policies. We also entered into a reinsurance agreement, effective April 1, 2012, to coinsure 67 per cent of our fixed deferred annuity business. The ceding premium of US$5.4 billion included the transfer of cash and invested assets and the transaction also resulted in the recognition of a reinsurance asset of US$5.4 billion.

Insurance sales in the U.S. for the second quarter declined two per cent compared with the same period of the prior year but with a more favourable mix of business. New products with favourable risk characteristics contributed positively to the results and the businesses continued to execute on strategies to reduce risk and raise margins including price increases. Highlights include:


 
4
Based on reporting from the Investment Funds Institute of Canada (IFIC) as at June 30, 2012
 
 
5
Source: Strategic Insight SIMFUND. Net sales (net new flows) is calculated using retail long-term open end mutual funds for managers in the non proprietary channel. Figures exclude money market and 529 share classes.
 
 
6
For each fund with at least a 3-year history, Morningstar calculates a Morningstar Rating based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return that accounts for variation in a fund’s monthly performance (including effects of sales charges, loads and redemption fees), placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of funds in each category, the next 22.5%, 35%, 22.5% and bottom 10% receive 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 star, respectively. The Overall Morningstar Rating for a fund is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with its 3-, 5- and 10 year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The overall rating includes the effects of sales charges, loads and redemption fees, while the load-waived does not. Load-waived rating for Class A shares should only be considered by investors who are not subject to a front-end sales charge.
 
 
7
This item is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.
 
 
8
Source: Strategic Insight. Includes Lifestyle and Lifecycle (Target Date) mutual fund assets and fund-of-funds variable insurance product assets (variable annuity and variable life).


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
4

 

 
·
John Hancock Life (“JH Life”) sales were up 17 per cent over second quarter 2011. Newly launched products continue to contribute to the sales success, as Protection UL sales were almost one third higher than the same period in the prior year.

 
·
John Hancock Long-Term Care (“JH LTC”) sales of US$13 million in the second quarter declined 58 per cent compared with the same period of 2011.  Excluding the Federal plan sales, JH LTC sales declined by 39 per cent, reflecting the impact of new business price increases implemented in 2011. An updated product will be introduced in the third quarter that passes investment performance results to the customer resulting in reduced risk to the Company with upside potential to the consumer.

 
Manulife Asset Management
 
 
Assets managed by Manulife Asset Management grew by $8.4 billion to $187.0 billion and, including assets managed for Manulife’s general account, total assets under management increased by $13.1 billion to $222.1 billion as at June 30, 2012 compared with June 30, 2011.
 
 
At June 30, 2012, Manulife Asset Management had a total of 63 Four- and Five-Star Morningstar rated funds. This represents an increase of five from December 31, 2011.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
5

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
 
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is current as of August 9, 2012. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the MD&A and audited consolidated financial statements contained in our 2011 Annual Report.
 
For further information relating to our risk management practices and risk factors affecting the Company, see “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Information Form, “Risk Management and Risk Factors” and “Critical Accounting and Actuarial Policies” in the MD&A in our 2011 Annual Report and the “Risk Management” note to the consolidated financial statements in our most recent annual and interim reports.
 

 
Contents
 
A    OVERVIEW
D    RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS UPDATE
 
1.    General macro-economic risk factors
B    FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
2.    Regulatory capital, actuarial and accounting risks
1.    Earnings (loss) analysis
3.    Additional risks – Entities within the MFC Group are interconnected which
2.    U.S. GAAP results
   may make separation difficult
3.    Sales, premiums and deposits
4.    Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees
4.    Funds under management
5.    Publicly traded equity performance risk
5.    Capital
6.    Interest rate and spread risk
   
C    PERFORMANCE BY DIVISION
E    ACCOUNTING MATTERS AND CONTROLS
1.    Asia
1.    Critical accounting and actuarial policies
2.    Canada
2.    Sensitivity of policy liabilities to changes in assumptions
3.    U.S.
3.    Future accounting and reporting changes
4.    Corporate and Other
4.    Quarterly Financial Information
   
 
F    OTHER
 
1.    Quarterly dividend
 
2.   Outstanding shares – selected information
 
3.    Performance and non-GAAP measures
 
4.    Caution regarding forward-looking statements
 
A         OVERVIEW
 
In the second quarter of 2012, we reported a net loss attributed to shareholders of $300 million. Included in the results were $727 million of charges for the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates and $124 million of net charges for other notable items.

The $727 million charge for the direct impact of equity markets included $677 million related to the update of the fixed income ultimate reinvestment rate (“URR”) assumptions used in the valuation of policy liabilities. This update included the introduction of a new assumed reinvestment scenario for Canadian liabilities which contributed to the reduction in the interest rate sensitivities in the quarter. As we intend to update our URR assumptions quarterly commencing 2013, the second quarter's URR update assumed the continuation of June rates until the end of 2012. If interest rates in 2013 were to remain at June 30, 2012 levels, we would expect a charge for the full year 2013 of approximately $400 million.

Included in the $124 million net charge for other notable items was $269 million related to the dynamically hedged block of variable annuity business partially offset by a $62 million gain related to major reinsurance transactions and a net $83 million of investment related gains.  Despite significant market volatility our variable annuity hedging program mitigated 88 per cent of the effects of lower equity markets and interest rates in the quarter, and was essentially fully effective in the first half of the year.  As previously outlined, our variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging strategy is not designed to completely offset the sensitivity of policy liabilities to all risks associated with the guarantees embedded in these products.  The charge in the second quarter mostly related to items not hedged, such as the provision for adverse deviation and certain interest rate risks.

The net income excluding notable items9 was $551 million compared with $673 million in the second quarter of 2011.  The $122 million difference was split relatively equally among four main items: (a) the second quarter 2011 earnings on the Life Retrocession business, a business that was sold in the third quarter of 2011, (b) lower realized gains on equities held in the Corporate segment, (c) higher employee pension expenses, and (d) higher costs for reinsurance ceded fees and macro hedges.  In addition, during the second quarter of 2012, the favourable impact of business growth, profitable margins on the cancer product sales in Japan and a gain on the settlement of an accident and health treaty were offset by higher tax expense and unfavourable claims experience in the U.S. Division in both JH Life and JH LTC. Although new business strain improved in the second quarter, the impact of price increases over the last few quarters was mitigated by the impact of the decline in interest rates.


 
 
9 This item is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
6

 

We will be completing our annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions in the third quarter of 2012. While we cannot currently quantify the likely impact, the high end of the range of potential outcomes, based on our preliminary work, is currently in the order of $1 billion.  Most of the impact relates to products and businesses which are not a substantial part of our go-forward new business plans. The material components of the review are a result of new and emerging experience related to U.S. Variable Annuity Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit lapse and withdrawal utilization assumptions, variable annuity bond calibration parameters due to the decline in interest rates and U.S. Life lapse assumptions, all largely related to the current macro-economic environment, as well as alternative asset related assumptions and the new rules related to variable annuity equity calibration. In July 2012 the Actuarial Standards Board promulgated revised standards for equity calibration parameters used to generate investment returns used in the valuation of segregated fund guarantees. Work is continuing on the review of other actuarial assumptions and we would expect the other impacts to include both positive and negative adjustments. The work is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2012, the actual result is likely to differ from our early indications and will also be impacted by market conditions at the end of the third quarter.

The Minimum Continuing Capital and Surplus Requirements (“MCCSR”) capital ratio for The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (“MLI”) closed the quarter at 213 per cent. Of the net decrease of 12 points compared with March 31, 2012, six points related to the redemption of $1 billion of capital units issued by Manulife Financial Capital Trust, net of the issuance of $250 million of preferred shares.  The reported loss in the period, shareholder dividends and the impact of the decline in interest rates on required capital, partially offset by the favourable impact of a reinsurance transaction related to the U.S. fixed deferred annuity business contributed to the remaining six point decline.

Insurance sales in the second quarter of 2012 were over $1 billion and increased 55 per cent over the second quarter of 2011.  Of this growth, 44 per cent was driven by higher Group Benefit sales in Canada and the remaining portion primarily related to higher sales in Japan and Hong Kong.

Wealth sales were $8.6 billion for second quarter 2012, a decrease of seven per cent from the second quarter of 2011.  Higher sales in Asia were more than offset by the decline in mutual fund sales in both the U.S. and Canada.

 
B         FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
C$ millions unless otherwise stated, unaudited
   Quarterly Results  YTD Results
      2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011       1H 2012       1H 2011  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
  $ (300 )   $ 1,206     $ 490     $ 906     $ 1,475  
Common shareholders’ net income (loss)
  $ (328 )   $ 1,182     $ 468     $ 854     $ 1,433  
Net income excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates(1)
  $ 427     $ 1,131     $ 929     $ 1,558     $ 1,803  
Net income excluding notable items(1)
  $ 551     $ 473     $ 673     $ 1,024     $ 1,115  
Earnings (loss) per share (C$)
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.66     $ 0.26     $ 0.47     $ 0.80  
Common shareholders’ net income excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates per share (C$)(1)
  $ 0.22     $ 0.61     $ 0.51     $ 0.83     $ 0.99  
Return on common shareholders’ equity(1) (annualized)
    (5.8 )%     21.0 %     8.2 %     7.5 %     12.8 %
U.S. GAAP net income (loss) (1)
  $ 2,203     $ (359 )   $ 913     $ 1,844     $ 1,068  
Sales(1)
Insurance products
  $ 1,001     $ 823     $ 623     $ 1,823     $ 1,221  
  Wealth products
  $ 8,548     $ 8,724     $ 8,964     $ 17,272     $ 18,318  
Premiums and deposits(1)
Insurance products
  $ 6,308     $ 5,687     $ 5,428     $ 11,995     $ 11,025  
  Wealth products
  $ 11,179     $ 11,453     $ 11,509     $ 22,632     $ 23,574  
Funds under management(1)
(C$ billions)
  $ 514     $ 512     $ 481     $ 514     $ 481  
Capital(1)  (C$ billions)
  $ 29.7     $ 30.4     $ 28.9     $ 29.7     $ 28.9  
MLI’s MCCSR ratio
    213 %     225 %     241 %     213 %     241 %

(1)
This item is a non-GAAP measure. For a discussion of our use of non-GAAP measures, see “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
7

 

B1       Earnings (loss) analysis
 

C$ millions, unaudited
 
Quarterly results
 
For the quarter
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
  $ (300 )   $ 1,206     $ 490  
Less direct impact of equity markets and interest rates(1):
                       
Income (charges) on variable annuity liabilities that are not dynamically hedged(2)
    (758 )     982       (217 )
Gains (charges) on general fund equity investments supporting policy liabilities and on fee income(2)
    (116 )     121       (73 )
Gains (losses) on macro equity hedges relative to expected costs(2),(3)
    423       (556 )     142  
Gains (charges) on higher (lower) fixed income reinvestment rates assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities(4)
    305       (425 )     (28 )
Gains (charges) on sale of available for sale (AFS) bonds and derivative positions in the Corporate segment
    96       (47 )     107  
Charges due to lower fixed income ultimate reinvestment rate (URR) assumptions used in the valuation of policy liabilities
    (677 )     -       (370 )
Direct impact of equity markets and interest rates(1)
  $ (727 )   $ 75     $ (439 )
Net income excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
  $ 427     $ 1,131     $ 929  
Less other notable items:
                       
Income (charges) on variable annuity guarantee liabilities that are dynamically hedged(2),(5)
  $ (269 )   $ 223     $ (52 )
Investment gains related to fixed income trading, market value increases in excess of expected alternative assets investment returns, asset mix changes and credit experience
    83       161       217  
Favourable impact on policy liabilities resulting from actions to reduce interest rate exposures
    -       82       123  
Impact of major reinsurance transactions, in-force product changes and dispositions(6)
    62       122       -  
Change in actuarial methods and assumptions, excluding URR
    -       12       (32 )
Favourable impact of the enactment of tax rate changes in Japan
    -       58       -  
Total other notable items
  $ (124 )   $ 658     $ 256  
Net income excluding notable items
  $ 551     $ 473     $ 673  

(1)
The direct impact of equity markets and interest rates is relative to our policy liability valuation assumptions and includes changes to interest rate assumptions.  We also include gains and losses on the sale of AFS bonds as management may have the ability to partially offset the direct impacts of changes in interest rates reported in the liability segments.
 
(2)
Total gains from macro hedges and the dynamic hedges in the second quarter of 2012 were $1.7 billion and offset 70 per cent of the gross equity exposures.
 
(3)
The second quarter 2012 net gain from macro equity hedges was $305 million and consisted of a $118 million charge related to the estimated expected cost of the macro equity hedges relative to our long-term valuation assumptions and a gain of $423 million because actual markets underperformed our valuation assumptions.
 
(4)
During the quarter risk free rates declined and corporate spreads widened.  Three factors resulted in gains under these conditions.  First, most of our hedging activity reduces our exposure to risk free rates, but leaves us subject to the effect of changes in credit spreads.  The wider credit spreads resulted in gains.  Second, our earnings sensitivity to interest rates is not uniform at all points of all interest rate curves and the risk free rates declined further at the long end where we have focused more of our risk actions.  Third, our sensitivity to interest rates declined over the quarter.
 
(5)
Our variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging strategy is not designed to completely offset the sensitivity of policy liabilities to all risks associated with the guarantees embedded in these products. The charge in the second quarter mostly related to items not hedged, such as the provision for adverse deviation and certain interest rate risks.  See the Risk Management section of our 2011 Annual MD&A.
 
(6)
The $62 million net gain for major reinsurance transactions in the second quarter includes a gain related to recapture of an existing ceded reinsurance contract in Canada and a charge related to a transaction to coinsure 67 per cent of our U.S. fixed deferred annuity business.
 

 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
8

 

 
Net income excluding notable items by segment:
   
Quarterly results
 
C$ millions unaudited
For the quarter
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
Net income excluding notable items
                       
Asia Division
  $ 286     $ 267     $ 253  
Canada Division
    201       172       233  
U.S. Division
    247       257       266  
Corporate & Other (excluding expected cost of macro hedges)
    (65 )     (116 )     25  
Expected cost of macro hedges
    (118 )     (107 )     (104 )
Net income excluding notable items
  $ 551     $ 473     $ 673  

Please refer to section C Performance by Division for an explanation of segmented results.

 
B2
U.S. GAAP results
 
Net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP10 for the second quarter of 2012 was $ 2,203 million, compared with a net loss of $300 million under IFRS.  Variable annuity accounting differences totaled $1.2 billion, investment related accounting differences totaled $531 million and the $677 million charge for the IFRS update to the ultimate reinvestment rate assumptions did not impact U.S. GAAP results.

As we are no longer reconciling our annual financial results under U.S. GAAP in our consolidated financial statements, net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of the major differences in net income (loss) attributed to shareholders to net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the second quarter follows:

C$ millions, unaudited
 
Quarterly results
 
For the quarter ended June 30,
 
2012
   
2011(2)
 
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders in accordance with IFRS
  $ (300 )   $ 490  
Key earnings differences:
               
For variable annuity guarantee liabilities
  $ 1,163     $ 236  
Related to the impact of mark-to-market accounting and investing activities on investment income and policy liabilities under IFRS(1) compared with net realized gains on investments supporting policy liabilities and derivatives in the surplus segment  under U.S. GAAP
    531       (128 )
New business differences including acquisition costs
    (178 )     (133 )
Charges due to lower fixed income  ultimate reinvestment rates assumptions used in the valuation of policy liabilities under IFRS
    677       370  
Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions, excluding URR
    122       38  
Other differences
    188       40  
Total earnings differences
  $ 2,503     $ 423  
Net income attributed to shareholders in accordance with U.S. GAAP
  $ 2,203     $ 913  
 
(1)
Until the new IFRS standard for insurance contracts is effective, the requirements under prior Canadian GAAP for the valuation of insurance liabilities (CALM) will be maintained.  Under CALM, the measurement of insurance liabilities is based on projected liability cash flows, together with estimated future premiums and net investment income generated from assets held to support those liabilities.
 
(2)
Restated as a result of adopting Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-26, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts” (“ASU 2010-26”) effective January 1, 2012 but requiring application to 2011.  The impact for second quarter 2011 was a net reduction in earnings of $41 million, all of which is included in “New business differences including acquisition costs.”  The lower income reflects higher non-deferrable expenses, partially offset by a reduction in the amortization on a lower deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) balance.
 



 
10
Net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP is a non-GAAP measure. See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
9

 

The primary earnings differences in accounting bases relate to:
 
Accounting for variable annuity guarantee liabilities
IFRS follows a predominantly “mark-to-market” accounting approach to measure variable annuity guarantee liabilities whereas U.S. GAAP only uses “mark-to-market” accounting for certain benefit guarantees, and reflects the Company’s own credit standing in the measurement of the liability.  In the second quarter of 2012, we reported a net gain of $136 million (2011 – $33 million loss) in our total variable annuity businesses under U.S. GAAP as the increase in the variable annuity guarantee liabilities was more than offset by the dynamic hedge asset gains recorded in the quarter. This includes a gain due to the widening of Manulife’s own credit spread, which rose over the quarter by approximately 20 basis points at the 10 year point versus the risk free rate. The $136 million gain compares to a net charge, before gains related to macro hedges, of $1,027 million under IFRS (2011 – $269 million loss).

Investment income and policy liabilities
Under IFRS, accumulated unrealized gains and losses arising from fixed-income investments and interest rate derivatives supporting policy liabilities are largely offset in the valuation of the policy liabilities. The second quarter 2012 IFRS impacts on insurance liabilities of fixed income reinvestment assumptions, general fund equity investments, activities to reduce interest rate exposures and certain market and trading activities totaled a net $272 million gain (2011 – gain of $239 million) compared with U.S. GAAP net realized gains on investments supporting policy liabilities of $803 million (2011 – gain of $111 million) including net unrealized losses on interest rate swaps in the surplus segment not in a hedge accounting relationship under U.S. GAAP of $399 million (2011 – loss of $64 million).

Differences in the treatment of acquisition costs and other new business items
Acquisition costs that are related to and vary with the production of new business are explicitly deferred and amortized under U.S. GAAP but are recognized as an implicit reduction in insurance liabilities along with other new business gains and losses under IFRS. The gap between U.S. GAAP and IFRS has widened over the year, due to both a reduction in IFRS new business strain and increasing U.S. GAAP non-deferrable acquisition expenses.

Changes due to lower IFRS fixed income ultimate reinvestment rates
The $677 million charge in IFRS related to the update of the fixed income ultimate reinvestment rate actuarial assumptions had no direct impact on U.S. GAAP results.
 
Other changes in actuarial methods and assumptions
Under IFRS, we recognized zero gains (losses) from the review of actuarial methods and assumptions (2011 – charge of $32 million). Under U.S. GAAP, actuarial assumptions for traditional long-duration products are generally “locked-in” at issuance unless the expected premiums are not sufficient to cover the expected benefits and related expenses. We recognized gains of $122 million (2011 – gain of $6 million) on a U.S. GAAP basis related to methodology refinements.

Total equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP11 as at June 30, 2012 was approximately $17 billion higher than under IFRS.  Of this difference, approximately $10 billion is attributable to the higher cumulative net income on a U.S. GAAP basis with the remaining difference primarily attributable to the treatment of unrealized gains on fixed income investments and derivatives in a cash flow hedging relationship which are reported in equity under U.S. GAAP, but where the fixed income investments and interest rate derivatives are supporting policy liabilities, these accumulated unrealized gains are largely offset in the valuation of the policy liabilities under IFRS.  The fixed income investments and derivatives have significant unrealized gains as a result of the current low levels of interest rates.  The majority of the difference in equity between the two accounting bases as at June 30, 2012 arises from our U.S. businesses.

A reconciliation of the major differences in total equity is as follows:

C$ millions, unaudited
As at June 30,
 
2012
   
2011
 
Total equity in accordance with IFRS
  $ 26,085     $ 25,381  
Differences in shareholders’ retained earnings and participating policyholders’ equity
    9,817       5,004  
Differences in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income attributable to:
               
1. Available-for-sale securities and other
    5,326       1,963  
2. Cash flow hedges
    2,687       501  
3. Translation of net foreign operations
    (1,328 )     (1,510 )
Differences in share capital, contributed surplus and non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
    86       115  
Total equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP
  $ 42,673     $ 31,454  

 


 
11
Total equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
10

 

B3         Sales, premiums and deposits12
 

Insurance sales results:
 
 
Insurance sales were $1 billion for the second quarter of 2012, an increase of 55 per cent over the second quarter of 2011.  While we expect insurance sales to remain strong for the balance of the year, they may slow from the current pace as a result of recent product changes.
 
·
Asia Division posted record insurance sales for the second quarter of 2012 of US$417 million, an increase of 17 per cent over the second quarter of 2011.
 
·
In Canada, insurance sales were three times higher than second quarter 2011 driven by strong sales in the large case group benefit market.  Our Individual Insurance sales were aligned with our strategy – up from a year ago in products we want to grow and down for products with guaranteed long duration features.
 
·
Insurance sales in the U.S. for the second quarter declined two per cent compared with second quarter 2011.
 

Wealth sales results:
 
 
Wealth sales were $8.6 billion for the second quarter of 2012, a decrease of seven per cent from the corresponding quarter of 2011.  The decline was primarily driven by lower mutual funds sales in both the U.S. and Canada.
 
·
In Asia, wealth sales increased by three per cent over the second quarter of 2011. Growth was driven by strong foreign currency fixed annuity sales in Japan and strong sales in the Philippines. Sales declined compared with second quarter 2011 due to the impact of volatile markets on sales in China and Hong Kong.
 
·
In Canada, overall wealth sales decreased 12 per cent compared with the second quarter of 2011. Manulife Bank reported solid second quarter growth while sales of other Individual Wealth products were dampened by increased market volatility and lower interest rates. In addition, second quarter of 2011 included the favourable impact of a closed end fund on mutual fund sales. Group Retirement Solutions sales were lower reflecting normal market variability.
 
·
The U.S. accounted for more than half of the Company’s wealth sales in the second quarter of 2012.  Overall, U.S. wealth sales declined eight per cent compared with the second quarter of 2011 primarily due to lower annuity sales following product de-risking actions and the favourable impact of a closed end fund IPO on mutual fund sales in the second quarter of 2011.
 
·
John Hancock Retirement Plan Services sales for the second quarter grew 21 per cent over the same quarter of 2011.

Premiums and deposits measures:
 
Total Company second quarter insurance premiums and deposits of $6.3 billion increased by 13 per cent relative to the second quarter of 2011. Growth was driven by sales in Asia and Group Benefits in Canada.

Total Company premiums and deposits for wealth businesses were $11.2 billion for the second quarter of 2012, six per cent lower compared with the same quarter of the prior year. Growth was strong in Japan, ASEAN and the U.S. group retirement savings business. Consistent with the decline in sales, mutual fund deposits declined by 45 per cent in Canada and nine per cent in the U.S.

 
B4         Funds under management13
 
Total funds under management as at June 30, 2012 were a record $514 billion, an increase of $2 billion from $512 billion at March 31, 2012 and an increase of $33 billion or three per cent over June 30, 2011.  The 12 month increase over June 30, 2012 was driven by $17 billion of investment returns, $7 billion of net positive policyholder cash flows and $20 billion due to the weaker Canadian dollar. These increases were partially offset by $5 billion related to the reinsurance of U.S. fixed annuity business and $5 billion of expenses, commissions, taxes and other items.

 
B5         Capital14
 
MFC’s total capital as at June 30, 2012 was $29.7 billion, a decrease of $0.7 billion from March 31, 2012 and an increase of $0.8 billion over June 30, 2011.  Contributions to the increase over June 30, 2011 included: $0.7 billion of preferred shares issued, a $1.1 billion increase as a result of the weaker Canadian dollar and the issue of $1.1 billion in subordinated notes partially offset by cash dividends of $0.7 billion, the redemption of $1 billion of capital units issued by Manulife Financial Capital Trust and a net loss of $0.4 billion over the period.

As at June 30, 2012 MLI reported a MCCSR ratio of 213 per cent, a net decline of 12 points compared with 225 per cent at March 31, 2012.

The ratio increased by three points as a result of a reinsurance transaction to coinsure 67 per cent of our U.S. fixed deferred annuity business.  In addition to improving the ratio, the transaction significantly reduced our exposure to increasing policyholder lapses in a rising interest rate environment as well as to minimum interest guarantees.  Offsetting factors included:  (a) the redemption of $1 billion of capital units issued by Manulife Financial Capital Trust, net of the issuance of $250 million preferred shares, (b) the reported net losses along with shareholder dividends, and (c) growth in required capital primarily as a result of lower interest rates.


 
12
Growth (declines) in sales and premiums and deposits is stated on a constant currency basis. Constant currency basis is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.
 
 
13
Funds under management is a non-GAAP measure. See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.
 
 
14
Capital is a non-GAAP measure.  See “Performance and Non-GAAP Measures” below.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
11

 



C         PERFORMANCE BY DIVISION
 
C1         Asia Division
 
($ millions unless otherwise stated)
 
Quarterly results
   
YTD results
 
Canadian dollars
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011       1H 2012       1H 2011  
Net income (loss)
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ (315 )   $ 1,111     $ 28     $ 796     $ 379  
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    296       292       249       588       524  
excluding notable items
    286       267       253       553       505  
Premiums and deposits
    3,248       2,866       2,759       6,114       5,130  
Funds under management (billions)
    74.5       72.0       68.1       74.5       68.1  
U.S. dollars
                                       
Net income (loss)
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ (312 )   $ 1,110     $ 28     $ 798     $ 385  
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    293       292       256       585       536  
excluding notable items
    283       267       260       550       517  
Premiums and deposits
    3,216       2,862       2,852       6,078       5,258  
Funds under management (billions)
    73.1       72.1       70.6       73.1       70.6  

 

Asia Division recorded a net loss attributed to shareholders of US$312 million for the second quarter of 2012 compared with net income of US$28 million for the second quarter of 2011. Excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates, net income increased by US$37 million relative to the second quarter of 2011. The increase included US$14 million related to experience on variable annuity guarantee liabilities that are dynamically hedged and other investment experience gains and losses. Earnings excluding notable items increased US$23 million due to business growth and the impact of higher sales volumes particularly from Japan.

The year-to-date net income attributed to shareholders was US$798 million compared with US$385 million for the same period of 2011.

Premiums and deposits15 for the second quarter of 2012 were US$3.2 billion, up 13 per cent from the second quarter of 2011.  Premiums and deposits for insurance products of US$1.6 billion were 22 per cent higher driven by higher sales and in-force business growth from all territories, most notably Hong Kong and Japan. Wealth management premiums and deposits of US$1.6 billion were five per cent higher as a result of higher deposits in Japan particularly from Australian dollar denominated fixed annuities partially offset by lower mutual fund deposits in Manulife TEDA and Hong Kong.

Funds under management as at June 30, 2012 were US$73.1 billion, an increase of four per cent from June 30, 2011. Growth was driven by net policyholder cash inflows of US$5.2 billion.


 
15
All premium and deposit growth (declines) are stated on a constant currency basis.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
12

 

C2         Canada Division(1)
 
($ millions unless otherwise stated)
 
Quarterly results
   
YTD results
 
Canadian dollars
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011       1H 2012       1H 2011  
Net income
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ 223     $ 317     $ 264     $ 540     $ 773  
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    149       451       300       600       760  
    excluding notable items
    201       172       233       373       448  
Premiums and deposits
    4,565       4,726       4,509       9,291       9,366  
Funds under management (billions)
    127.5       125.6       117.8       127.5       117.8  

(1)
The Company moved the reporting of its International Group Program business unit from U.S. Division to Canada Division in 2012. Prior period results have been restated to reflect this change.

Canada Division’s net income attributed to shareholders was $223 million for the second quarter of 2012 compared with net income of $264 million for the second quarter of 2011. Earnings in the second quarter of 2012 included net experience gains of $74 million (2011 – $36 million loss) related to the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates.

Other notable items in the second quarter 2012 included investment related losses partially offset by a one-time gain related to the recapture of a reinsurance treaty. Net income excluding notable items of $201 million was $32 million lower than the prior year due to the impact of lower wealth sales.

The year-to-date net income attributed to shareholders was $540 million compared with $773 million for the same period of 2011.

Premiums and deposits in the second quarter of 2012 were $4.6 billion, marginally higher than second quarter 2011 levels as the contribution from record Group Benefits sales was offset by lower mutual fund deposits.

Funds under management grew by eight per cent or $9.7 billion to a record $127.5 billion as at June 30, 2012 compared with June 30, 2011. The increase reflects business growth across the division, driven by Manulife Bank, and the wealth management businesses.  Net increases in the market value of assets contributed to the increase as the impact of declining interest rates outweighed the negative impact of equity market declines over the last 12 months.

 
C3           U.S. Division(1),(2)
 
Effective this year, we have combined U.S. Insurance and U.S. Wealth into one reporting segment.  This change was made to better align with the management structure of the division.

($ millions unless otherwise stated)
 
Quarterly results
   
YTD results
 
Canadian dollars
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011       1H 2012       1H 2011  
Net income
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ 177     $ 574     $ 429     $ 751     $ 1,144  
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    199       589       484       788       999  
excluding notable items
    247       257       266       504       556  
Premiums and deposits
    8,684       9,089       8,454       17,773       17,970  
Funds under management (billions)(3)
    289.8       286.3       262.7       289.8       262.7  
                                         
U.S. dollars
                                       
Net income
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ 174     $ 574     $ 443     $ 748     $ 1,169  
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    196       589       501       785       1,024  
excluding notable items
    245       257       275       502       569  
Premiums and deposits
    8,594       9,078       8,734       17,672       18,390  
Funds under management (billions)(3)
    284.4       286.6       272.4       284.4       272.4  
 
(1)
The Company moved the reporting of its International Group Program business unit to Canada Division in 2012. Prior period results have been restated to reflect this change.
(2)
The Company moved its Privately Managed Accounts unit to Corporate and Other in 2012.  Prior period results have been restated to reflect this change.
(3)
Reflects the impact of an annuity reinsurance transaction in Q2 2012.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
13

 

U.S. Division reported net income attributed to shareholders of US$174 million for the second quarter of 2012 compared with US$443 million for the second quarter of 2011. Earnings excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates was US$196 million for the second quarter of 2012 compared with US$501 million for the second quarter of 2011. In the second quarter 2012 other notable items were a net charge of US$49 million and consisted of charges on the dynamically hedged variable annuity block, charges related to the fixed deferred annuity coinsurance transaction, partially offset by investment related gains.

Net income excluding notable items declined by US$30 million, contributing to the decrease were lower expected fees in JH Annuities and unfavourable policyholder experience. The fixed deferred annuity coinsurance transaction is expected to lower net income excluding notable items by approximately US$5 million per quarter.

John Hancock Long-Term Care (JH LTC) had a claim loss in the second quarter of 2012, consistent with the first quarter of 2012 and $5 million better than in the second quarter of 2011. The loss was driven by certain older policies that were part of a block of business acquired in early 2000. These policies represent about nine per cent of the total in-force block. These particular policies have a higher proportion of claimants in nursing home settings, a more expensive setting for long term care services. We continue to monitor the experience in this block closely.  JH LTC contributed to the division’s reported net income as well as net income excluding notable items in the second quarter.

The year-to-date net income attributed to shareholders was US$748 million compared with US$1,169 million for the same period of 2011.

In 2010, JH LTC filed with 50 state regulators for premium rate increases averaging approximately 40 per cent on the majority of our in-force retail and group business. To date, approvals of in-force price increases on retail business have been received from 35 states.

Premiums and deposits for the second quarter of 2012 were US$8.6 billion, a decrease of two per cent compared with the second quarter of 2011.  The decrease was primarily driven by lower mutual fund sales due to the non-recurrence of a closed end fund offering in the prior year, and lower annuity sales, partially offset by increased sales in the 401(k) business.

Funds under management as at June 30, 2012 were US$284.4 billion, up four per cent from June 30, 2011.  The increase was due to the impact of lower interest rates on the market value of funds under management, positive investment returns and net sales in Wealth Asset Management, partially offset by surrender and benefit payments in JH Annuities and the transfer of JH Annuities assets related to a reinsurance transaction.

C4         Corporate and Other(1)
 
($ millions unless otherwise stated)
 
Quarterly results
   
YTD results
 
Canadian dollars
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011       1H 2012       1H 2011  
Net loss
                                       
attributed to shareholders
  $ (385 )   $ (796 )   $ (231 )   $ (1,181 )   $ (821 )
excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates
    (217 )     (201 )     (104 )     (418 )     (480 )
excluding notable items
    (183 )     (223 )     (79 )     (406 )     (394 )
Premiums and deposits
    990       459       1,214       1,449       2,132  
Funds under management (billions)
    22.0       27.7       32.1       22.0       32.1  
 
 
(1)
As a result of the sale of the Life Retrocession business effective July 1, 2011, the Company moved its P&C Reinsurance business and run-off variable annuity reinsurance business to Corporate and Other. In addition, Corporate and Other has been restated to include the Privately Managed Accounts business and Life Retrocession business for periods prior to the sale.
 
Corporate and Other is composed of:
·
Investment performance on assets backing capital, net of amounts allocated to operating divisions and financing costs,
 
·
Investment Division’s external asset management business,
 
·
Property and Casualty (“P&C”) reinsurance business,
 
·
Run-off reinsurance operations including variable annuities and accident and health.
 

For segment reporting purposes, the impact of changes in actuarial assumptions, settlement costs for macro equity hedges and other non-operating items are included in this segment’s earnings.  In addition, prior quarter amounts have been restated to reflect the Life Retrocession business that was sold effective July 1, 2011.

Corporate and Other reported a net loss attributed to shareholders of $385 million for the second quarter of 2012 compared with a net loss of $231 million for the second quarter of 2011.

Excluding notable items, primarily related to the URR charge, gains related to AFS bonds and macro hedge experience, earnings decreased by $104 million compared with the second quarter of 2011. Contributing to the decrease were $21 million related to lower tax related gains, $23 million lower realized gains on AFS equities and $24 million related to higher reinsurance costs and interest on allocated capital. The balance of the decline largely related to one-time expenses and higher pension costs.

Second quarter 2012 earnings also included a gain on settlement of an accident and health treaty while the second quarter of 2011 reported earnings from the Life Retrocession business that included favourable claims experience.

The year-to-date net loss attributed to shareholders was $1,181 million compared with a net loss of $821 million for the same period of 2011.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
14

 


Premiums and deposits for the second quarter of 2012 were $990 million, down 18 per cent from the second quarter of 2011.  This decline reflects the impact of the sale of the Life Retrocession business and the variability of sales in institutional asset management mandates.

Funds under management as at June 30, 2012 include assets managed by Manulife Asset Management on behalf of institutional clients of $24.1 billion (June 30, 2011 – $23.9 billion), $6.7 billion (June 30, 2011 – $9.2 billion) of the Company’s own funds, and $(8.8) billion (June 30, 2011 – $(0.9) billion) related to derivative adjustments.  Corporate and Other includes the adjustment to gross up the derivative assets and liabilities in the Company’s own funds.  Excluding this adjustment, the $2.5 billion decrease reflects an increase in surplus allocated to the operating divisions and net losses incurred in the year.

 
D         RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS UPDATE
 
 
This section provides an update to our risk management practices and risk factors outlined in the MD&A in our 2011 Annual Report.

D1         General macro-economic risk factors

In our 2011 Annual Report we outlined potential impacts of macro-economic factors including the impact of a low interest environment.

Due to the unfavourable economic conditions we increasingly view our goal of $4 billion in earnings in 2015 as a stretch target. We are reviewing the targets as part of our planning process and will update investors at our November Investor Day. We remain focused on the efficiency and effectiveness of our business and protecting margins.

In our 2011 Annual Report, we outlined potential impacts of macro-economic factors including the impact of a low interest rate environment.  If the decline in interest rates during the second quarter of 2012 persists, it may put additional pressure on our goodwill impairment tests and could impact the other factors previously outlined.

Our 2011 disclosure also outlined that if the current interest rates persisted for the next ten years, the fixed income URR would continue to decline and could result in cumulative after-tax charges over the ten year period of $2 to $3 billion of which $1 to $2 billion would be expected to be accrued over the four year period ending 2015, under current Canadian Actuarial Standards.  After taking into consideration the $677 million charge to the URR reported in the second quarter of 2012 and based on rates at June 30, 2012, we currently estimate the amount for the next ten years could be approximately $1.5 to $2.5 billion and for the three year period ending 2015 could be approximately $1 to $1.5 billion, under current Canadian Actuarial Standards.

 
D2         Regulatory capital, actuarial and accounting risks
 
As outlined in our 2011 Annual Report, as a result of the recent financial crisis, financial authorities and regulators in many countries are reviewing their capital, actuarial and accounting requirements, and the changes may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and regulatory capital, both at transition and subsequently.  We may be required to raise additional capital, which could be dilutive to existing shareholders, or to limit the new business we write.  Subsequent updates to regulatory and professional standards are outlined below.

·
OSFI released for comment its proposed changes to the MCCSR guidelines effective 2013 in which OSFI resolved that the forthcoming accounting changes related to pension plans and other employee benefits (IAS 19R) be reflected in regulatory capital. The impact to Manulife on implementation is currently estimated to be a six point decrease in MLI’s MCCSR and Tier 1 capital ratios amortized over eight quarters; the final number will be dependent on equity markets and interest rates as at December 31, 2012.
 
·
Proposed changes to U.S. statutory accounting practices, promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), concerning actuarial standards for certain universal life ("UL") products pursuant to Actuarial Guideline 38 ("AG38"), could impact U.S. life insurance companies, including John Hancock.  A commissioner level working group was established by the NAIC in the fall of 2011 to review these changes and in February 2012 agreed to a bifurcated approach for establishing valuation standards for existing in-force business versus business issued after January 1, 2013.  The working group is currently seeking input from the industry on the proposals and the final requirements remain uncertain at this time.  The new requirements for in-force business could be effective as early as December 31, 2012.  If adopted in their current form, and depending on the interpretation of several technical issues, the proposed changes applied to the in-force business could have a material adverse effect on John Hancock's statutory capital position and therefore on MFC’s capital position.
 
·
The Canadian Institute of Actuaries is also expected to publish guidance on calibration criteria for fixed income funds, which we believe will be effective in 2013, as well as on the modeling of future realized volatility where a hedging program is in place. Once effective, the new calibration standards will apply to the determination of both actuarial liabilities and required capital and may result in a reduction in net income and MLI’s MCCSR ratio.  No estimate of the potential impact is available.
 
·
As outlined in our 2011 Annual Report, where alternative (non-fixed income) assets, such as commercial real estate, private equity, infrastructure, timber, agricultural real estate and oil & gas, are used to support policy liabilities, the policy valuation incorporates assumptions with respect to projected investment returns and the proportion of future policy cash flows that are invested in these assets.  Future changes in accounting and/or actuarial standards that limit alternative asset return assumptions or the amount of future cash flows that can be assumed to be invested in these assets could increase policy liabilities and have a material impact on the emergence of earnings.  The impact at the time of adoption of any future changes in accounting and/or actuarial standards would depend upon the level of rates at the time and if applicable, the reference rate that is adopted.
 
·
The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”) continues to consider updates to its regulatory guidance for non-operating insurance companies acting as holding companies, such as MFC, and to its methodology for evaluating stand-alone capital adequacy for Canadian operating life insurance companies, such as MLI.  OSFI has indicated that MCCSR and internal target capital ratio guidelines, which have not yet been determined, are expected to become applicable to MFC by 2016.  These rules could put MFC at a competitive disadvantage for a number of reasons, including:
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
15

 

foreign based competitors in Canada will not disclose on a comparable basis the financial strength of their groups; life companies owned by Canadian banks are not required to disclose composite financial strength metrics for the combined banking and insurance operations; and the guidelines do not apply to non-financial institution holding companies.
 
·
OSFI released the final version of Guideline B-20 outlining expectations for prudent residential mortgage underwriting. This guideline stems from the desire of regulators to ensure that in the post financial crisis economic environment of low interest rates and historically high consumer debt levels, federally regulated financial institutions are engaged in sound residential underwriting practices. The requirements, among other items, specifically target Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOC’s) such as the ManulifeOne product sold by Manulife Bank and are applicable to all new loans as of December 31, 2012. The impact of these new requirements, combined with changes to CMHC insurance criteria, is expected to cause further dampening in mortgage lending volumes across the industry and is being reflected in Manulife Bank’s strategic plan.

 
D3
Additional risks – Entities within the MFC Group are interconnected which may make separation difficult
 
Linkages between MFC and its subsidiaries may make it difficult to dispose of or separate a subsidiary within the group by way of spin-off or similar transaction.  See the Company’s Annual Information Form – “Risk Factors – Additional risks – Entities within the MFC Group are interconnected which may make separation difficult”.  In addition to the possible negative consequences outlined in such disclosure, other negative consequences could include a requirement for significant capital injections, and increased net income and capital sensitivities of MFC and its remaining subsidiaries to market declines. MFC remains committed to the U.S. Division.

 
D4         Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees
 
As at June 30, 2012, approximately 65 per cent of the value of our variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee value was either dynamically hedged or reinsured, unchanged from March 31, 2012. The business dynamically hedged at June 30, 2012 comprises 61 per cent of the variable annuity guarantee values, net of amounts reinsured.  During the quarter no additional in-force guarantee value was added to our dynamic hedge program.  New business continues to be hedged at issue.

The table below shows selected information regarding the Company’s variable annuity and segregated funds guarantees gross and net of reinsurance and the business dynamically hedged.

 
Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees
 
As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
March 31, 2012
 
C$ millions
 
Guarantee value
   
Fund value
   
Amount
at risk(4)
   
Guarantee value
   
Fund value
   
Amount
at risk(4)
 
Guaranteed minimum income benefit(1)
  $ 7,135     $ 5,222     $ 1,919     $ 7,188     $ 5,515     $ 1,683  
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit
    66,916       58,342       8,800       65,481       59,079       6,900  
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit
    22,327       22,224       2,419       22,039       22,917       1,790  
Gross living benefits(2)
  $ 96,378     $ 85,788     $ 13,138     $ 94,708     $ 87,511     $ 10,373  
Gross death benefits(3)
    14,493       11,588       2,745       14,479       11,891       2,403  
Total gross of reinsurance and hedging
  $ 110,871     $ 97,376     $ 15,883     $ 109,187     $ 99,402     $ 12,776  
Living benefits reinsured
  $ 6,181     $ 4,522     $ 1,663     $ 6,211     $ 4,764     $ 1,454  
Death benefits reinsured
    4,086       3,353       916       4,136       3,509       825  
Total reinsured
  $ 10,267     $ 7,875     $ 2,579     $ 10,347     $ 8,273     $ 2,279  
Total, net of reinsurance
  $ 100,604     $ 89,501     $ 13,304     $ 98,840     $ 91,129     $ 10,497  
Living benefits dynamically hedged
  $ 55,958     $ 51,665     $ 5,615     $ 55,081     $ 52,661     $ 4,185  
Death benefits dynamically hedged
    5,341       3,887       628       5,282       3,865       493  
Total dynamically hedged
  $ 61,299     $ 55,552     $ 6,243     $ 60,363     $ 56,526     $ 4,678  
Living benefits retained
  $ 34,239     $ 29,601     $ 5,860     $ 33,416     $ 30,086     $ 4,734  
Death benefits retained
    5,066       4,348       1,201       5,061       4,517       1,085  
Total, net of reinsurance and dynamic hedging
  $ 39,305     $ 33,949     $ 7,061     $ 38,477     $ 34,603     $ 5,819  
 
(1)
Contracts with guaranteed long-term care benefits are included in this category.
 
(2)
Where a policy includes both living and death benefits, the guarantee in excess of the living benefit is included in the death benefit category as outlined in footnote (3).
 
(3)
Death benefits include stand-alone guarantees and guarantees in excess of living benefit guarantees where both death and living benefits are provided on a policy.
 
(4)
Amount at risk (in-the-money amount) is the excess of guarantee values over fund values on all policies where the guarantee value exceeds the fund value.  This amount is not currently payable.  For guaranteed minimum death benefit, the net amount at risk is defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance. For guaranteed minimum income benefit, the net amount at risk is defined as the excess of the current annuitization income base over the current account value. For all guarantees, the net amount at risk is floored at zero at the single contract level.

The policy liabilities established for these benefits were $9,459 million at June 30, 2012 (March 31, 2012 – $5,993 million) and include the policy liabilities for both the hedged and the unhedged business. For unhedged business, policy liabilities were $3,241 million at June 30, 2012 (March 31, 2012 – $2,199


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
16

 

million).  The policy liabilities for the hedged block were $6,218 million at June 30, 2012 (March 31, 2012 – $3,794 million). Policy liabilities increased due to a decline in equity markets, as well as the decline in interest rates which increased the cost of hedging.

Caution related to sensitivities
In this document, we have provided sensitivities and risk exposure measures for certain risks.  These include sensitivities due to specific changes in market prices and interest rate levels projected using internal models as at a specific date, and are measured relative to a starting level reflecting the Company’s assets and liabilities at that date and the actuarial factors, investment returns and investment activity we assume in the future. The risk exposures measure the impact of changing one factor at a time and assume that all other factors remain unchanged.  Actual results can differ significantly from these estimates for a variety of reasons including the interaction among these factors when more than one changes, changes in actuarial and investment return and future investment activity assumptions, actual experience differing from the assumptions, changes in business mix, effective tax rates and other market factors, and the general limitations of our internal models.  For these reasons, the sensitivities should only be viewed as directional estimates of the underlying sensitivities for the respective factors based on the assumptions outlined below.  Given the nature of these calculations, we cannot provide assurance that the actual impact on net income attributed to shareholders or on MLI’s MCCSR ratio will be as indicated.

 
D5         Publicly traded equity performance risk
 
As a result of the dynamic and macro hedges, as at June 30, 2012, we estimate that approximately 65 to 74 per cent of our underlying earnings sensitivity to a 10 per cent decline in equity markets would be offset by hedges. The lower end of the range assumes that the dynamic hedge assets would cover 80 per cent of the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities and the upper end of the range assumes the dynamic hedge assets would completely offset the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities. The range at March 31, 2012 was 66 to 74 per cent. Our stated goal is to have approximately 60 per cent of the underlying earnings sensitivity to equity markets offset by hedges by the end of 2012 and 75 per cent by the end of 2014.

As outlined in our 2011 Annual Report, the macro hedging strategy is designed to mitigate public equity risk arising from variable annuity guarantees not dynamically hedged and from other products and fees.  In addition, our variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging strategy is not designed to completely offset the sensitivity of policy liabilities to all risks associated with the guarantees embedded in these products (see MD&A in our 2011 Annual Report).

The tables below show the potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders resulting from an immediate 10, 20 and 30 per cent change in market values of publicly traded equities followed by a return to the expected level of growth assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities.  The potential impact is shown before and after taking into account the impact of the change in markets on the hedge assets.  The potential impact is shown assuming that the change in value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities and also is shown assuming the change in value is not completely offset.

While we cannot reliably estimate the amount of the change in dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities that will not be offset by the profit or loss on the dynamic hedge assets, we make certain assumptions for the purposes of estimating the impact on shareholders’ net income. We report the impact based on the assumption that for a 10, 20 and 30 per cent decrease in the market value of equities, the profit from the hedge assets offsets 80, 75 and 70 per cent, respectively, of the loss arising from the change in the policy liabilities associated with the guarantees dynamically hedged. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market increase in the market value of equities the loss on the dynamic hedges is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively.  It is also important to note that these estimates are illustrative, and that the hedge program may underperform these estimates, particularly during periods of high realized volatility and/or periods where both interest rates and equity market movements are unfavourable.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
17

 

Potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to public equity returns(1)
 

As at June 30, 2012
                           
C$ millions
    -30 %     -20 %     -10 %     +10 %     +20 %     +30 %
Underlying sensitivity of net income attributed to shareholders(2)
                                               
Variable annuity guarantees
  $ (5,950 )   $ (3,760 )   $ (1,730 )   $ 1,440     $ 2,610     $ 3,540  
Asset based fees
    (260 )     (170 )     (90 )     90       170       260  
General fund equity investments(3)
    (270 )     (180 )     (90 )     90       180       270  
Total underlying sensitivity
  $ (6,480 )   $ (4,110 )   $ (1,910 )   $ 1,620     $ 2,960     $ 4,070  
Impact of hedge assets
                                               
Impact of macro hedge assets
  $ 1,580     $ 1,050     $ 530     $ (530 )   $ (1,050 )   $ (1,580 )
Impact of dynamic hedge assets assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
    3,180       1,990       890       (690 )     (1,210 )     (1,590 )
Total impact of hedge assets assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
  $ 4,760     $ 3,040     $ 1,420     $ (1,220 )   $ (2,260 )   $ (3,170 )
Net impact assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
  $ (1,720 )   $ (1,070 )   $ (490 )   $ 400     $ 700     $ 900  
Impact of assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(4)
    (950 )     (490 )     (180 )     (140 )     (300 )     (480 )
Net impact assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(4)
  $ (2,670 )   $ (1,560 )   $ (670 )   $ 260     $ 400     $ 420  
Percentage of underlying earnings sensitivity to movements in equity markets that is offset by hedges if dynamic hedge assets completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liability
    73 %     74 %     74 %     75 %     76 %     78 %
Percentage of underlying earnings sensitivity to movements in equity markets that is offset by hedge assets if dynamic hedge assets do not completely offset the change in the dynamical-ly hedged variable annuity guarantee liability(4)
    59 %     62 %     65 %     84 %     86 %     90 %
 
 
(1)
See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
Defined as earnings sensitivity to a change in public equity markets including settlements on reinsurance contracts, but before the offset of hedge assets or other risk mitigants.
 
(3)
This impact for general fund equities is calculated as at a point-in-time and does not include: (i) any potential impact on public equity weightings; (ii) any gains or losses on public equities held in the Corporate and Other segment; or (iii) any gains or losses on public equity investments held in Manulife Bank. The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in equity markets.
 
(4)
For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market decrease, the gain on the dynamic hedge assets is assumed to be 80, 75 and 70 per cent of the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market increase, the loss on the dynamic hedges is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity policy liabilities, respectively. For presentation purposes, numbers are rounded.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
18

 


 
As at March 31, 2012
                                   
C$ millions
    -30 %     -20 %     -10 %     +10 %     +20 %     +30 %
Underlying sensitivity of net income attributed to shareholders(2)
                                               
Variable annuity guarantees
  $ (5,410 )   $ (3,340 )   $ (1,510 )   $ 1,180     $ 2,080     $ 2,780  
Asset based fees
    (270 )     (180 )     (90 )     90       180       270  
General fund equity investments(3)
    (300 )     (200 )     (100 )     100       190       290  
Total underlying sensitivity
  $ (5,980 )   $ (3,720 )   $ (1,700 )   $ 1,370     $ 2,450     $ 3,340  
Impact of hedge assets
                                               
Impact of macro hedge assets
  $ 1,590     $ 1,060     $ 530     $ (530 )   $ (1,060 )   $ (1,590 )
Impact of dynamic hedge assets assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
    2,790       1,700       740       (520 )     (880 )     (1,140 )
Total impact of hedge assets assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
  $ 4,380     $ 2,760     $ 1,270     $ (1,050 )   $ (1,940 )   $ (2,730 )
Net impact assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities
  $ (1,600 )   $ (960 )   $ (430 )   $ 320     $ 510     $ 610  
  Impact of assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(4)
    (840 )     (430 )     (150 )     (100 )     (210 )     (340 )
Net impact assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(4)
  $ (2,440 )   $ (1,390 )   $ (580 )   $ 220     $ 300     $ 270  
Percentage of underlying earnings sensitivity to movements in equity markets that is offset by hedges if dynamic hedge assets completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liability
    73 %     74 %     74 %     77 %     79 %     82 %
Percentage of underlying earnings sensitivity to movements in equity markets that is offset by hedge assets if dynamic hedge assets do not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liability(4)
    59 %     63 %     66 %     84 %     88 %     92 %
 
(1)
See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
Defined as earnings sensitivity to a change in public equity markets including settlements on reinsurance contracts, but before the offset of hedge assets or other risk mitigants.
 
(3)
This impact for general fund equities is calculated as at a point-in-time and does not include: (i) any potential impact on public equity weightings; (ii) any gains or losses on public equities held in the Corporate and Other segment; or (iii) any gains or losses on public equity investments held in Manulife Bank. The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in equity markets.
 
(4)
For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market decrease, the gain on the dynamic hedge assets is assumed to be 80, 75 and 70 per cent of the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market increase, the loss on the dynamic hedges is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity policy liabilities, respectively. For presentation purposes, numbers are rounded.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
19

 

Potential impact on MLI’s MCCSR ratio arising from public equity returns different than the expected return for policy liability valuation(1),(2)
 
 
Impact on MLI MCCSR
percentage points
-30%
-20%
-10%
+10%
+20%
+30%
June 30, 2012
(21)
(13)
(6)
1
4
8
March 31, 2012
(20)
(12)
(5)
5
9
15
 
(1)
See ”Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market decrease the gain on the dynamic hedge assets is assumed to be 80, 75 and 70 per cent of the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market increase the loss on the dynamic hedge assets is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively.
 
 
The following table shows the notional value of shorted equity futures contracts utilized for our variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging and our macro equity risk hedging strategies.
 
As at
   
C$ millions
June 30, 2012
March 31, 2012
For variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging strategy
$  10,700
$      8,600
For macro equity risk hedging strategy
      6,200
6,200
Total
$  16,900
$  14,800

During the quarter we did not add any additional in-force blocks to our dynamic hedge strategy.   Equity markets decreased during the second quarter of 2012, and as a result rebalancing trades were required in the dynamic hedging programs to hedge the additional delta risk.

In the macro hedging program, $150 million of Topix futures were transacted late in the quarter. However, the notional values of the existing macro futures decreased due to the market decline. As a result, the total notional value was flat for the quarter.

 
D6         Interest rate and spread risk
 
As at June 30, 2012, the sensitivity of our quarterly net income attributed to shareholders to a 100 basis point parallel decline in interest rates was $300 million, ahead of our 2014 year end goal of $1.1 billion. The $600 million decrease in sensitivity from March 31, 2012 was attributable to the change in future reinvestment scenario associated with the update in URR assumptions, wider credit spreads, current period trading activity and changes to investment strategies. The annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions will be completed in the third quarter of 2012. We cannot currently estimate the impact on interest rate and spread sensitivity, however our current expectation is that it may lead to an increase in sensitivity.

The 100 basis point parallel decline includes a change of one per cent in current government, swap and corporate rates for all maturities across all markets with no change in credit spreads between government, swap and corporate rates, and with a floor of zero on government rates and corporate spreads, relative to the rates assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities, including embedded derivatives. Any impact of moving to a different prescribed reinvestment scenario, should interest rates and spreads decline in parallel and by the amounts indicated, is incorporated into the earnings sensitivities.  For this reason, the impact of changes to rates for less than the amounts indicated, are unlikely to be linear. For variable annuity guarantee liabilities that are dynamically hedged, it is assumed that interest rate hedges are rebalanced at 20 basis point intervals.

The income impact does not allow for any future potential changes to the URR assumptions or other potential impacts of lower interest rate levels, for example, increased strain on the sale of new business, lower interest earned on our surplus assets, or updates to actuarial assumptions related to variable annuity bond fund calibration. It also does not reflect potential management actions to realize gains or losses on AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment in order to partially offset changes in MLI’s MCCSR ratio due to changes in interest rate levels.



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
20

 

 
Potential impact on quarterly net income attributed to shareholders and MLI’s MCCSR ratio of an immediate one per cent parallel change in interest rates relative to rates assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities(1),(2),(3),(4)
 
As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
March 31, 2012
 
      -100 bp     +100 bp     -100 bp     +100 bp
Net Income attributed to shareholders:
(C$ millions)
                               
Excluding change in market value of AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment
  $ (300 )   $ 400     $ (900 )   $ 500  
From fair value changes in AFS assets held in surplus, if realized
    900       (800 )     800       (700 )
MLI’s MCCSR (Percentage points):
                               
Before impact of change in market value of AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment
    (13 )     12       (17 )     20  
From fair value changes in AFS assets held in surplus, if realized
    6       (5 )     5       (5 )
 
(1)
See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in interest rates.
 
(3)
The amount of gain or loss that can be realized on AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment will depend on the aggregate amount of unrealized gain or loss. The table above only reflects the impact of the change in the unrealized position, as the total unrealized position will depend upon the unrealized position at the beginning of the period.
 
(4)
Sensitivities are based on projected asset and liability cash flows at the beginning of the quarter adjusted for the estimated impact of new business, investment markets and asset trading during the quarter. Any true-up to these estimates, as a result of the final asset and liability cash flows to be used in the next quarter’s projection, are reflected in the next quarter’s sensitivities. Impact of realizing 100% of market value of AFS fixed income is as of the end of the quarter.

The following table shows the potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders resulting from a change in credit spreads and swap spreads over government bond rates for all maturities across all markets with a floor of zero on the total interest rate, relative to the spreads assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities.

Potential impact on quarterly net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to corporate spreads and swap spreads(1),(2),(3)
 
C$ millions
As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
March 31, 2012
 
Corporate spreads(4)
           
    Increase 50 basis points
  $ 600     $ 400  
    Decrease 50 basis points
    (600 )     (800 )
Swap spreads
               
    Increase 20 basis points
  $ (600 )   $ (600 )
    Decrease 20 basis points
    600       600  
 
(1)
See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
The impact on net income attributed to shareholders assumes no gains or losses are realized on our AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment and excludes the impact arising from changes in off-balance sheet bond fund value arising from changes in credit spreads. The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in corporate spreads.
 
(3)
Sensitivities are based on projected asset and liability cash flows at the beginning of the quarter adjusted for the estimated impact of new business, investment markets and asset trading during the quarter. Any true-up to these estimates, as a result of the final asset and liability cash flows to be used in the next quarter’s projection, are reflected in the next quarter’s sensitivities.
 
(4)
Corporate spreads are assumed to grade to an expected long-term average over five years.

 
E
ACCOUNTING MATTERS AND CONTROLS
 
E1         Critical accounting and actuarial policies
Our significant accounting policies under IFRS are described in note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.  The critical accounting policies and the estimation processes related to the determination of insurance contract liabilities, fair values of financial instruments, the application of derivative and hedge accounting, the determination of pension and other post-employment benefit obligations and expenses, and accounting for income taxes and uncertain tax positions are described on pages 65 to 73 of our 2011 Annual Report.

E2         Sensitivity of policy liabilities to changes in assumptions
 
When the assumptions underlying our determination of policy liabilities are updated to reflect recent and emerging experience or change in outlook, the result is a change in the value of policy liabilities which in turn affects income. The sensitivity of after-tax income to changes in asset related assumptions underlying policy liabilities is shown below, assuming that there is a simultaneous change in the assumption across all business units.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
21

 

For changes in asset related assumptions, the sensitivity is shown net of the corresponding impact on income of the change in the value of the assets supporting liabilities. In practice, experience for each assumption will frequently vary by geographic market and business and assumption updates are made on a business/geographic specific basis. Actual results can differ materially from these estimates for a variety of reasons including the interaction among these factors when more than one changes, changes in actuarial and investment return and future investment activity assumptions, actual experience differing from the assumptions, changes in business mix, effective tax rates and other market factors, and the general limitations of our internal models.

Most participating business is excluded from this analysis because of the ability to pass both favourable and adverse experience to the policyholders through the participating dividend adjustment.

Potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes in policy liabilities asset related assumptions
 
C$ millions
 
Increase (decrease) in after-tax income
 
As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
March 31, 2012
 
Asset related assumptions updated periodically in valuation basis changes
 
Increase
   
Decrease
   
Increase
   
Decrease
 
100 basis point change in ultimate fixed income re-investment rates(1)
  $ 1,700     $ (2,100 )   $ 1,700     $ (1,800 )
100 basis point change in future annual returns for public equities(2)
    900       (800 )     900       (800 )
100 basis point change in future annual returns for other alternative assets(3)
    4,600       (4,100 )     4,000       (3,700 )
100 basis point change in equity volatility assumption for stochastic segregated fund modeling(4)
    (300 )     300       (300 )     300  
 
(1)
Current URRs in Canada are 1.00% per annum and 3.00% per annum for short and long-term bonds, respectively, and in the U.S. are 0.80% per annum and 3.60% per annum for short and long-term bonds, respectively.  Since the URRs are based upon a five and ten year rolling average of government bond rates and the URR valuation assumptions are currently higher than the June 30, 2012 government bond rates, continuation of current rates or a further decline could have a material impact on net income.  However, for this sensitivity, we assume the URRs decline with full and immediate effect.
(2)
Expected long-term annual market growth assumptions for public equities pre-dividends for key markets are based on long-term historical observed experience and are 7.6% per annum in Canada, 8.0% per annum in the U.S., 5.2% per annum in Japan and 9.5% per annum in Hong Kong.  These returns are then reduced by margins for adverse deviation to determine net yields used in the valuation.  The amount includes the impact on both segregated fund guarantee reserves and on other policy liabilities. For a 100 basis point increase in expected growth rates, the impact from segregated fund guarantee reserves is $600 million (March 31, 2012 – $600 million).  For a 100 basis point decrease in expected growth rates, the impact from segregated fund guarantee reserves is $(600) million (March 31, 2012– $(600) million).
(3)
Other alternative assets include commercial real estate, timber and agricultural real estate, oil and gas, and private equities. The increase of $400 million in sensitivity from March 31, 2012 to June 30, 2012 is primarily related to the decline in fixed interest rates in the quarter and the appreciation in certain currencies against the Canadian dollar.
(4)
Volatility assumptions for public equities are based on long-term historic observed experience and are 18.05% per annum in Canada and 16.55% per annum in the U.S. for large cap public equities, and 18.35% per annum in Japan and 34.1% per annum in Hong Kong.

 
E3         Future accounting and reporting changes
 
There are a number of accounting and reporting changes issued under IFRS including those still under development by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) that will impact the Company beginning in 2013 and later. A summary of the most recently issued new accounting standards is as follows:

Topic
Effective date
Measurement / Presentation
Expected impact
Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”, IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements” and IFRS 12 “Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities”
Jan 1, 2013
Disclosure
Not expected to have a significant impact.
Annual Improvements 2009-2011 Cycle
Jan 1, 2013
Measurement and disclosure
Not expected to have a significant impact.
IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS 12 and amendments to IAS 27, and IAS 28 regarding consolidation, disclosures and related matters
Jan 1, 2013
Measurement and disclosure
Not expected to have a significant impact.
IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement”
Jan 1, 2013
Measurement and disclosure
Not expected to have a significant impact.
Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”
Jan 1, 2013
Presentation
Not expected to have a significant impact.
Amendments to IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”
Jan 1, 2013
Measurement
Could have a material adverse effect on the financial statements and regulatory capital at transition and subsequently.
IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”
Jan 1, 2015
Measurement
Currently assessing.

 




 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
22

 

Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”, IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements” and IFRS 12 “Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities”

In June 2012, the IASB issued additional transition guidance for IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 which clarifies that the date of initial application of these standards is January 1, 2013. Comparative disclosures are limited to the period that immediately precedes the first annual period of application and are not required for unconsolidated structured entities. It reiterates that IFRS 10 is retrospectively applicable, however, provides relief from retrospective adjustments where consolidation conclusions are unaffected by the adoption. These transition amendments are effective upon adoption of the amended standards on January 1, 2013 and will be applied to the Company’s 2013 financial statements. These amendments will not have a significant impact to the Company’s financial statements.

Annual Improvements 2009-2011 Cycle
In May 2012, the IASB issued minor amendments to five different standards as part of the Annual Improvements process. The amendments are effective January 1, 2013 and will be applied to the Company’s 2013 financial statements. None of these amendments are expected to have a material change to the classification, measurement or presentation of any items in the Company’s financial statements.

For additional information please refer to our 2011 Annual Report.

 
E4         Quarterly Financial Information
 
The following table provides summary information related to our eight most recently completed quarters:
       
As at and for the three months ended
C$ millions, except per share amounts
 
Jun 30, 2012
   
Mar 31, 2012
   
Dec 31, 2011
   
Sep 30, 2011
   
Jun 30, 2011
   
Mar 31, 2011
   
Dec 31, 2010
   
Sep 30, 2010
 
Revenue
                                               
Premium income
                                               
Life and health insurance
  $ 3,719     $ 3,473     $ 3,651     $ 3,490     $ 3,452     $ 3,593     $ 3,663     $ 3,568  
Annuities and pensions
    740       1,031       889       772       730       927       1,051       1,035  
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 4,459     $ 4,504     $ 4,540     $ 4,262     $ 4,182     $ 4,520     $ 4,714     $ 4,603  
Premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance(1)
    (5,428 )     -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Investment income
    2,923       1,589       2,034       3,697       2,609       2,027       2,243       3,052  
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities and deposits(2)
    7,297       (4,066 )     1,360       13,491       2,266       (1,247 )     (5,187 )     4,027  
Other revenue
    2,045       1,790       1,765       2,005       1,708       1,764       1,650       1,565  
Total revenue
  $ 11,296     $ 3,817     $ 9,699     $ 23,455     $ 10,765     $ 7,064     $ 3,420     $ 13,247  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (481 )   $ 1,290     $ 119     $ (1,799 )   $ 532     $ 1,296     $ 2,174     $ (2,598 )
Income tax (expense) recovery
    194       (60 )     (174 )     615       (37 )     (307 )     (349 )     421  
Net income (loss)
  $ (287 )   $ 1,230     $ (55 )   $ (1,184 )   $ 495     $ 989     $ 1,825     $ (2,177 )
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
  $ (300 )   $ 1,206     $ (69 )   $ (1,277 )   $ 490     $ 985     $ 1,796     $ (2,249 )
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.66     $ (0.05 )   $ (0.73 )   $ 0.26     $ 0.54     $ 1.00     $ (1.28 )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, excluding convertible instruments
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.66     $ (0.05 )   $ (0.73 )   $ 0.26     $ 0.54     $ 1.00     $ (1.28 )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.62     $ (0.05 )   $ (0.73 )   $ 0.26     $ 0.53     $ 0.96     $ (1.28 )
Segregated funds deposits
  $ 5,623     $ 6,294     $ 5,575     $ 5,109     $ 5,086     $ 5,919     $ 6,025     $ 5,347  
Total assets
  $ 479,607     $ 465,288     $ 462,102     $ 455,076     $ 427,597     $ 423,397     $ 424,767     $ 438,448  
Weighted average common shares (in millions)
    1,808       1,802       1,795       1,789       1,783       1,778       1,773       1,767  
Diluted weighted average common shares, excluding convertible instruments (in millions)
    1,808       1,804       1,795       1,789       1,786       1,781       1,776       1,767  
Diluted weighted average common shares  (in millions)
    1,808       1,919       1,795       1,789       1,871       1,861       1,873       1,767  
Dividends per common share
  $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13     $ 0.13  
CDN$ to $1US – Statement of Financial Position
    1.0191       0.9991       1.0170       1.0389       0.9643       0.9718       0.9946       1.0298  
CDN$ to $1US – Statement of Operations
    1.0105       1.0011       1.0232       0.9807       0.9679       0.9855       1.0128       1.0391  

(1)
On June 29, 2012, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement to insure 67% of the Company’s book value of its fixed deferred annuity business.
 
(2)
The volatility in realized/unrealized gains on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities relates primarily to the impact of higher interest rates on bond and fixed income derivative positions as well as interest rate swaps supporting the dynamic hedge program. These items are mostly offset by gains reflected in the measurement of our policy obligations. For fixed income assets supporting insurance and investments contracts, equities supporting pass through products and derivatives related to variable hedging programs, the impact of realized/unrealized gains (losses) on the assets is largely offset in the change in insurance and investment contract liabilities.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
23

 

F         OTHER
 
F1
Quarterly dividend
 
 
On August 9, 2012, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly shareholders’ dividend of $0.13 per share on the common shares of MFC, payable on or after September 19, 2012 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 21, 2012.
 
 
The Board also declared dividends on the following non-cumulative preferred shares, payable on or after September 19, 2012 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 21, 2012.
 
Class A Shares Series 1 – $0.25625 per share
Class 1 Shares Series 1 – $0.35 per share
Class A Shares Series 2 – $0.29063 per share
Class 1 Shares Series 3 – $0.2625 per share
Class A Shares Series 3 – $0.28125 per share
Class 1 Shares Series 5 – $0.275 per share
Class A Shares Series 4 – $0.4125 per share
Class 1 Shares Series 7 – $0.2875 per share
 
Class 1 Shares Series 9 - $0.355616 per share

F2
Outstanding shares – selected information
 
 
Class A Shares Series 1
 
As at August 9, 2012, MFC had 14 million Class A Shares Series 1 (“Series 1 Preferred Shares”) outstanding at a price of $25.00 per share, for an aggregate amount of $350 million. The Series 1 Preferred Shares are non-voting and are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends payable quarterly, if and when declared, at a per annum rate of 4.10 per cent. With regulatory approval, the Series 1 Preferred Shares may be redeemed by MFC, in whole or in part, at declining premiums that range from $1.25 to nil per Series 1 Preferred Share, by either payment of cash or the issuance of MFC common shares. On or after December 19, 2015, the Series 1 Preferred Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder into MFC common shares, the number of which is determined by a prescribed formula, and is subject to the right of MFC prior to the conversion date to redeem for cash or find substitute purchasers for such preferred shares. The prescribed formula is the face amount of the Series 1 Preferred Shares divided by the greater of $2.00 and 95 per cent of the then market price of MFC common shares.

Common Shares
 
As at August 9, 2012 MFC had 1,815 million common shares outstanding.

 
F3         Performance and Non-GAAP Measures
 
We use a number of non-GAAP financial measures to measure overall performance and to assess each of our businesses.  Non-GAAP measures include: Net Income (Loss) Excluding the Direct Impact of Equity Markets and Interest Rates; Net Income Excluding Notable Items; Net Income in Accordance with U.S. GAAP; Total Equity in Accordance with U.S. GAAP; Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share excluding Convertible Instruments; Return on Common Shareholders’ Equity; Constant Currency Basis; Deposits; Premiums and Deposits; Funds under Management; Capital; New Business Embedded Value; and Sales. Non-GAAP financial measures are not defined terms under GAAP and, therefore, with the exception of Net Income in Accordance with U.S. GAAP and Total Equity in Accordance with U.S. GAAP (which are comparable to the equivalent measures of issuers whose financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP), are unlikely to be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers. Therefore, they should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any other financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Net income (loss) excluding the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates is a non-GAAP profitability measure.  It shows what the net income (loss) attributed to shareholders would have been assuming that interest and equity markets performed as assumed in our policy valuation.  The direct impact of equity markets and interest rates is relative to our policy liability valuation assumptions and includes changes to the interest rate assumptions.  We also include gains and losses on the sale of AFS bonds as management may have the ability to partially offset the direct impacts of changes in interest rates reported in the liability segments.  We consider the gains or losses on the variable annuity business that is dynamically hedged to be an indirect impact, not a direct impact, of changes in equity markets and interest rates and accordingly, such gains and losses are reflected in this measure.

Net income excluding notable items is a non-GAAP profitability measure. It shows what the net income (loss) attributed to shareholders would have been assuming that interest and equity markets performed as assumed in our policy valuation and the notable items indicated in our press release announcing our 2012 second quarter results had not occurred.

Net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP is a non-GAAP profitability measure.  It shows what the net income would have been if the Company had applied U.S. GAAP as its primary financial reporting basis.  We consider this to be a relevant profitability measure given our large U.S. domiciled investor base and for comparability to our U.S. peers who report under U.S. GAAP.

Total equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP is a non-GAAP measure.  It shows what the total equity would have been if the Company had applied U.S. GAAP as its primary financial reporting basis.  We consider this to be a relevant measure given our large U.S. domiciled investor base and for comparability to our U.S. peers who report under U.S. GAAP.

Diluted earnings (loss) per share excluding convertible instruments, is a non-GAAP measure.  It shows diluted earnings (loss) per share excluding the dilutive effect of convertible instruments.

The following is a reconciliation of the denominator (weighted average number of common shares) in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
24

 


   
June 30,
 
For the quarter ended
in millions
 
2012
   
2011
 
Weighted average number of actual common shares outstanding
    1,808       1,783  
Dilutive number of shares for stock-based awards
    -       3  
Weighted average number of common shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share, excluding convertible instruments
    1,808       1,786  
Dilutive number of shares for convertible instruments
    -       85  
Weighted average number of common shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation
    1,808       1,871  
 
Return on common shareholders’ equity (“ROE”) is a non-GAAP profitability measure that presents the net income available to common shareholders as a percentage of the capital deployed to earn the income.  The Company calculates return on common shareholders’ equity using average common shareholders’ equity excluding Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”) on AFS securities and cash flow hedges.
 

  Return on common shareholders’ equity
 
Quarterly results
 
  C$ millions
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
  Common shareholders’ net income (loss)
  $ (328 )   $ 1,182     $ 468  
  Opening total equity attributed to common shareholders
  $ 23,072     $ 22,402     $ 22,919  
  Closing total equity attributed to common shareholders
  $ 23,070     $ 23,072     $ 23,201  
  Weighted average total equity available to common shareholders
  $ 23,071     $ 22,737     $ 23,060  
  Opening AOCI on AFS securities and cash flow hedges
  $ 198     $ 13     $ 255  
  Closing AOCI on AFS securities and cash flow hedges
  $ 163     $ 198     $ 259  
  Adjustment for average AOCI
  $ (181 )   $ (106 )   $ (257 )
  Weighted average total equity attributed to common shareholders excluding average AOCI adjustment
  $ 22,890     $ 22,631     $ 22,803  
  ROE based on weighted average total equity attributed to common shareholders (annualized)
    (5.7 )%     20.9 %     8.1 %
  ROE based on weighted average total equity attributed to common shareholders excluding average AOCI adjustment (annualized)
    (5.8 )%     21.0 %     8.2 %

The Company also uses financial performance measures that are prepared on a constant currency basis, which exclude the impact of currency fluctuations and which are non-GAAP measures.  Quarterly amounts stated on a constant currency basis in this report are calculated, as appropriate, using the income statement and balance sheet exchange rates effective for the second quarter of 2012.
 
Premiums and deposits is a non-GAAP measure of top line growth.  The Company calculates premiums and deposits as the aggregate of (i) general fund premiums, net of reinsurance, reported as premiums on the Consolidated Statement of Income, (ii) premium equivalents for administration only group benefit contracts, (iii) premiums in the Canadian Group Benefits reinsurance ceded agreement, (iv) segregated fund deposits, excluding seed money, (v) mutual fund deposits, (vi) deposits into institutional advisory accounts, and (vii) other deposits in other managed funds.
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
25

 

 
Premiums and deposits
 
Quarterly results
 
C$ millions
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
Net premium income
  $ (969 )   $ 4,504     $ 4,182  
Deposits from policyholders
    5,623       6,294       5,086  
Premiums and deposits per financial statements
  $ 4,654     $ 10,798     $ 9,268  
Add back premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance
    5,428       -       -  
Investment contract deposits
    43       70       41  
Mutual fund deposits
    4,337       4,054       4,883  
Institutional advisory account deposits
    894       368       909  
ASO premium equivalents
    725       715       663  
Group benefits ceded premiums
    1,313       970       933  
Other fund deposits
    93       165       240  
Total premiums and deposits
  $ 17,487     $ 17,140     $ 16,937  
Currency impact
    -       82       537  
Constant currency premiums and deposits
  $ 17,487     $ 17,222     $ 17,474  

Funds under management is a non-GAAP measure of the size of the Company.  It represents the total of the invested asset base that the Company and its customers invest in.

Funds under management
 
Quarterly results
 
C$ millions
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
Total invested assets
  $ 227,939     $ 223,837     $ 202,341  
Total segregated funds net assets
    203,563       205,953       198,797  
Funds under management per financial statements
  $ 431,502     $ 429,790     $ 401,138  
Mutual funds
    53,821       53,411       51,212  
Institutional advisory accounts (excluding segregated funds)
    21,805       21,758       21,745  
Other funds
    6,663       6,684       6,579  
Total fund under management
  $ 513,791     $ 511,643     $ 480,674  
Currency impact         -        8,386        19,901   
Constant currency funds under management
  $ 513,791     $ 520,029     $ 500,575  

Capital The definition we use for capital, a non-GAAP measure, serves as a foundation of our capital management activities at the MFC level.  For regulatory reporting purposes, the numbers are further adjusted for various additions or deductions to capital as mandated by the guidelines used by OSFI.  Capital is calculated as the sum of (i) total equity excluding AOCI on cash flow hedges and (ii) liabilities for preferred shares and capital instruments.

Capital
 
Quarterly results
 
C$ millions
    2Q 2012       1Q 2012       2Q 2011  
Total equity
  $ 26,085     $ 25,824     $ 25,381  
Add AOCI loss on cash flow hedges
    73       52       55  
Add liabilities for preferred shares and capital instruments
    3,511       4,501       3,439  
Total Capital
  $ 29,669     $ 30,377     $ 28,875  

New business embedded value (“NBEV”) is the change in shareholders’ economic value as a result of sales in the reporting period. NBEV is calculated as the present value of expected future earnings, after the cost of capital, on actual new business sold in the period using future mortality, morbidity, policyholder behaviour, expense and investment assumptions that are consistent with the assumptions used in the valuation of our policy liabilities.

The principal economic assumptions used in the NBEV calculations in the second quarter were as follows:
 
 
Canada
U.S.
Hong Kong
Japan
MCCSR ratio
150%
150%
150%
150%
Discount rate
8.50%
8.50%
9.25%
6.25%
Jurisdictional income tax rate
26%
35%
16.50%
33%
Foreign exchange rate
n/a
0.9991
0.1287
0.0125
Yield on surplus assets
4.50%
4.50%
4.50%
2.00%



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
26

 

Sales are measured according to product type:
 
For total individual insurance, sales include 100 per cent of new annualized premiums and 10 per cent of both excess and single premiums. For individual insurance, new annualized premiums reflect the annualized premium expected in the first year of a policy that requires premium payments for more than one year.  Sales are reported gross before the impact of reinsurance.  Single premium is the lump sum premium from the sale of a single premium product, e.g., travel insurance.
 
 
For group insurance, sales include new annualized premiums and administrative services only premium equivalents on new cases, as well as the addition of new coverages and amendments to contracts, excluding rate increases.
 
 
For individual wealth management contracts, all new deposits are reported as sales. This includes individual annuities, both fixed and variable; variable annuity products; mutual funds; college savings 529 plans; and authorized bank loans and mortgages.
 
For group pensions/retirement savings, sales of new regular premiums and deposits reflect an estimate of expected deposits in the first year of the plan with the Company. Single premium sales reflect the assets transferred from the previous plan provider. Sales include the impact of the addition of a new division or of a new product to an existing client. Total sales include both new regular and single premiums and deposits.

 
F4           Caution regarding forward-looking statements
 
From time to time, MFC makes written and/or oral forward-looking statements, including in this document.  In addition, our representatives may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others.  All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of Canadian provincial securities laws and the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to our 2015 management objectives for earnings, management objectives with respect to hedging equity markets and interest rate risks, potential future charges related to fixed income URR assumptions if current low interest rates persist, the estimated impact of new equity calibration parameters and policyholder behaviour assumptions for guaranteed variable annuity and segregated funds, and the estimated third quarter 2012 charge related to the 2012 annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions.  The forward-looking statements in this document also relate to, among other things, our objectives, goals, strategies, intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations and estimates, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “would”, “likely”, “suspect”, “outlook”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “forecast”, “objective”, “seek”, “aim”, “continue”, “goal”, “restore”, “embark” and “endeavour” (or the negative thereof) and words and expressions of similar import, and include statements concerning possible or assumed future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements and they should not be interpreted as confirming market or analysts’ expectations in any way. Certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making forward-looking statements, including in the case of our 2015 management objectives for earnings and return on equity, the assumptions described under “Key Planning Assumptions and Uncertainties” in our 2011 Annual Report and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include but are not limited to: the factors identified in “Key Planning Assumptions and Uncertainties” in our 2011 Annual Report; general business and economic conditions (including but not limited to the performance, volatility and correlation of equity markets, interest rates, credit and swap spreads, currency rates, investment losses and defaults, market liquidity and creditworthiness of guarantors, reinsurers and counterparties); changes in laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards; our ability to execute strategic plans and changes to strategic plans; downgrades in our financial strength or credit ratings; our ability to maintain our reputation; impairments of goodwill or intangible assets or the establishment of valuation allowances against future tax assets; the accuracy of estimates relating to morbidity, mortality and policyholder behavior; the accuracy of other estimates used in applying accounting policies and actuarial methods; our ability to implement effective hedging strategies and unforeseen consequences arising from such strategies; our ability to source appropriate assets to back our long dated liabilities; level of competition and consolidation; our ability to market and distribute products through current and future distribution channels; unforeseen liabilities or asset impairments arising from acquisitions and dispositions of businesses; the realization of losses arising from the sale of investments classified as available for sale; our liquidity, including the availability of financing to satisfy existing financial liabilities on expected maturity dates when required; obligations to pledge additional collateral; the availability of letters of credit to provide capital management flexibility; accuracy of information received from counterparties and the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations; the availability, affordability and adequacy of reinsurance; legal and regulatory proceedings, including tax audits, tax litigation or similar proceedings; our ability to adapt products and services to the changing market; our ability to attract and retain key executives, employees and agents; the appropriate use and interpretation of complex models or deficiencies in models used; political, legal, operational and other risks associated with our non-North American operations; acquisitions and our ability to complete acquisitions including the availability of equity and debt financing for this purpose; the disruption of or changes to key elements of the Company’s or public infrastructure systems; environmental concerns; and our ability to protect our intellectual property and exposure to claims of infringement. Additional information about material factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations and about material factors or assumptions applied in making forward-looking statements may be found in the body of this document as well as under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Information Form, under “Risk Management”, “Risk Management and Risk Factors” and “Critical Accounting and Actuarial Policies” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in our most recent annual report, under “Risk Management and Risk Factors Update” and “Critical Accounting and Actuarial Policies” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in our most recent interim report, in the “Risk Management” note to consolidated financial statements in our most recent annual and interim reports and elsewhere in our filings with Canadian and U.S. securities regulators. The forward-looking statements in this documents are, unless otherwise indicated, stated as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting investors and others in understanding our financial position and results of operations as well as our objectives and strategic priorities, and may not be appropriate for other purposes.  We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
 



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
27

 


Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As at
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)
 
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
ASSETS
           
Cash and short-term securities
  $ 13,008     $ 12,813  
Securities
               
Bonds
    120,692       120,487  
Stocks
    10,717       10,243  
Loans
               
Mortgages
    34,737       35,023  
Private placements
    19,840       20,294  
Policy loans
    6,895       6,827  
Bank loans
    2,251       2,288  
Real estate
    8,136       7,466  
Other invested assets
    11,663       11,079  
Total invested assets (note 4)
  $ 227,939     $ 226,520  
Other assets
               
Accrued investment income
  $ 1,806     $ 1,802  
Outstanding premiums
    966       781  
Derivatives (note 5)
    16,772       15,472  
Reinsurance assets (note 6)
    16,548       10,728  
Deferred tax asset
    1,962       1,757  
Goodwill and intangible assets
    5,423       5,442  
Miscellaneous
    4,628       3,542  
Total other assets
  $ 48,105     $ 39,524  
Segregated funds net assets (note 15)
  $ 203,563     $ 196,058  
Total assets
  $ 479,607     $ 462,102  
LIABILITIES and EQUITY
               
Liabilities
               
Policy liabilities (note 7)
               
    Insurance contract liabilities
  $ 198,650     $ 190,366  
    Investment contract liabilities
    2,509       2,540  
Bank deposits
    18,823       18,010  
Derivatives (note 5)
    7,975       7,627  
Deferred tax liability
    763       766  
Other liabilities
    12,227       12,341  
    $ 240,947     $ 231,650  
Long-term debt
    5,501       5,503  
Liabilities for preferred shares and capital instruments (note 10)
    3,511       4,012  
Segregated funds net liabilities (note 15)
    203,563       196,058  
Total liabilities
  $ 453,522     $ 437,223  
Equity
               
Issued share capital
               
Preferred shares (note 11)
  $ 2,301     $ 1,813  
Common shares (note 11)
    19,723       19,560  
Contributed surplus
    258       245  
Shareholders’ retained earnings
    2,883       2,501  
Shareholders’ accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
               
On available-for-sale securities
    236       104  
On cash flow hedges
    (73 )     (91 )
On translation of foreign operations
    43       83  
Total shareholders’ equity
  $ 25,371     $ 24,215  
Participating policyholders’ equity
    233       249  
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
    481       415  
Total equity
  $ 26,085     $ 24,879  
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 479,607     $ 462,102  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 

 
   
 Donald A. Guloien                                                                              
  Gail Cook-Bennett
President and Chief Executive Officer       
 Chair of the Board of Directors
 

 
                                                                        

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
28

 


Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
             
For the
 
three months ended
June 30
     
six months ended
June 30
 
(Canadian $ in millions except per share amounts, unaudited)
 
2012
   
                   2011
 
2012
       
2011
 
 
Revenue
                       
Premium income
                       
 Gross premiums
  $ 6,424     $ 5,745       $ 12,623       $ 11,837  
 Premiums ceded to reinsurers
    (1,965 )     (1,563 )       (3,660 )       (3,135 )
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 4,459     $ 4,182       $ 8,963       $ 8,702  
Premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance (note 6)
    (5,428 )     -         (5,428 )       -  
    $ (969 )   $ 4,182       $ 3,535       $ 8,702  
Investment income
                                     
Investment income
  $ 2,923     $ 2,609       $ 4,512       $ 4,636  
  Realized and unrealized gains on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities
    7,297       2,266         3,231         1,019  
Net investment income
  $ 10,220     $ 4,875       $ 7,743       $ 5,655  
Other revenue
  $ 2,045     $ 1,708       $ 3,835       $ 3,472  
Total revenue
  $ 11,296     $ 10,765       $ 15,113       $ 17,829  
Contract benefits and expenses
                                     
To contract holders and beneficiaries
                                     
Death, disability and other claims
  $ 2,409     $ 2,231       $ 4,875       $ 4,807  
Maturity and surrender benefits
    1,163       1,431         2,407         2,689  
Annuity payments
    807       723         1,603         1,502  
Policyholder dividends and experience rating refunds
    286       276         560         545  
Net transfers from segregated funds
    (229 )     (64 )       (387 )       (22 )
Change in insurance contract liabilities
    11,770       4,239         8,361         3,873  
Change in investment contract liabilities
    12       (41 )       54         (17 )
Ceded benefits and expenses
    (1,543 )     (1,110 )       (2,907 )       (2,333 )
Change in reinsurance assets (note 6)
    (5,664 )     23         (5,659 )       (72 )
Net benefits and claims
  $ 9,011     $ 7,708       $ 8,907       $ 10,972  
General expenses
    1,114       964         2,159         1,921  
Investment expenses
    259       240         510         478  
Commissions
    1,000       932         1,976         1,904  
Interest expense
    314       327         602         608  
Net premium taxes
    79       62         150         118  
Total contract benefits and expenses
  $ 11,777     $ 10,233       $ 14,304       $ 16,001  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (481 )   $ 532       $ 809       $ 1,828  
Income tax (expense) recovery
    194       (37 )       134         (344 )
Net income (loss)
  $ (287 )   $ 495       $ 943       $ 1,484  
Net income (loss) attributed to:
                                     
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
  $ 44     $ 4       $ 53       $ 9  
Participating policyholders
    (31 )     1         (16 )       -  
Shareholders
    (300 )     490         906         1,475  
    $ (287 )   $ 495       $ 943       $ 1,484  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
  $ (300 )   $ 490       $ 906       $ 1,475  
Preferred share dividends
    (28 )     (22 )       (52 )       (42 )
Common shareholders’ net income (loss)
  $ (328 )   $ 468       $ 854       $ 1,433  
                                       
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
                                     
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (in millions)
    1,808       1,783         1,805         1,781  
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding (in millions)
    1,808       1,871         1,924         1,866  
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.26       $ 0.47       $ 0.80  
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ (0.18 )   $ 0.26       $ 0.46       $ 0.79  
Dividends per common share
  $ 0.13     $ 0.13       $ 0.26       $ 0.26  
 
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
29

 


Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
For the
 
three months ended June 30
   
six months ended June 30
 
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (287 )   $ 495     $ 943     $ 1,484  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
                               
Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses) on
                               
Translation of foreign operations
  $ 541     $ (55 )   $ (43 )   $ (615 )
Net investment hedges
    (28 )     11       2       14  
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial securities
                               
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
    164       96       230       (1 )
Reclassification of realized gains and impairments to net income
    (173 )     (99 )     (95 )     (25 )
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges
                               
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
    (31 )     (4 )     8       (5 )
Reclassification of realized losses to net income
    2       2       4       4  
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates
    (3 )     7       (3 )     7  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
  $ 472     $ (42 )   $ 103     $ (621 )
Total comprehensive income
  $ 185     $ 453     $ 1,046     $ 863  
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributed to:
                               
Non-controlling interest
  $ 37     $ 2     $ 46     $ 8  
Participating policyholders
    (31 )     1       (16 )     -  
Shareholders
    179       450       1,016       855  



Income Taxes Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
For the
 
three months ended June 30
   
six months ended June 30
 
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Income tax expense (recovery)
                       
Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses)
                       
Income tax expense (recovery) on translation of foreign  operations
  $ 2     $ (1 )   $ -     $ (3 )
Income tax  expense (recovery) on net investment hedges
    (10 )     (7 )     1       2  
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial securities
                               
Income tax expense from unrealized gains/losses arising during the period
    44       34       74       3  
Income tax expense related to reclassification of realized gains/losses and recoveries/impairments to net income
    (30 )     (38 )     (10 )     (2 )
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges
                               
Income tax expense (recovery) from unrealized gains/losses arising during the period
    (1 )     -       13       3  
Income tax recovery related to reclassification of realized losses to net income
    1       1       2       2  
Income tax expense (recovery) on share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates
    (1 )     4       (1 )     4  
Total income tax expense (recovery)
  $ 5     $ (7 )   $ 79     $ 9  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
30

 


Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
 
For the six months ended June 30,
     
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)
 
2012
   
2011
 
Preferred shares
           
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 1,813     $ 1,422  
Issued during the period (note 11)
    500       200  
Issuance costs, net of tax
    (12 )     (4 )
Balance, end of period
  $ 2,301     $ 1,618  
Common shares
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 19,560     $ 19,254  
Issued on exercise of stock options and deferred share units
    -       2  
Issued under dividend reinvestment and share purchase plans
    163       157  
Balance, end of period
  $ 19,723     $ 19,413  
Contributed surplus
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 245     $ 222  
Exercise of stock options and deferred share units
    1       -  
Stock option expense
    12       12  
Balance, end of period
  $ 258     $ 234  
Shareholders’ retained earnings
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 2,501     $ 3,393  
Net income attributed to shareholders
    906       1,475  
Preferred share dividends
    (52 )     (42 )
Common share dividends
    (472 )     (466 )
Balance, end of period
  $ 2,883     $ 4,360  
Shareholders’ accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”)
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 96     $ (186 )
Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains/losses of net foreign operations
    (40 )     (601 )
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale financial securities
    135       (26 )
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges
    18       -  
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates
    (3 )     7  
Balance, end of period
  $ 206     $ (806 )
                 
Total shareholders’ equity, end of period
  $ 25,371     $ 24,819  
Participating policyholders’ equity
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 249     $ 160  
Net loss attributed to participating policyholders
    (16 )     -  
Balance, end of period
  $ 233     $ 160  
Non-controlling interest
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 415     $ 410  
Net income attributed to non-controlling interest
    53       9  
Other comprehensive loss attributed to non-controlling interest
    (7 )     (1 )
Contributions (distributions), net
    20       (16 )
Balance, end of period
  $ 481     $ 402  
Total equity, end of period
  $ 26,085     $ 25,381  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements




 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
31

 


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
For the six months ended June 30,
     
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)
 
2012
   
2011
 
Operating activities
           
Net income
  $ 943     $ 1,484  
Adjustments for non-cash items in net income:
               
   Increase in insurance contract liabilities
    8,361       3,873  
   Increase (decrease)  in investment contract liabilities
    54       (17 )
   Increase in reinsurance assets, net of premiums ceded relating to FDA
coinsurance (note 6)
    (231 )     (72 )
   Amortization of premium/discount  on invested assets
    21       11  
   Other amortization
    187       158  
   Net realized and unrealized losses including impairments
    (2,997 )     (1,041 )
   Deferred income tax (recovery) expense
    (251 )     299  
   Stock option expense
    12       12  
Net income adjusted for non-cash items
  $ 6,099     $ 4,707  
Changes in policy related and operating receivables and payables
    234       66  
Cash provided by operating activities
  $ 6,333     $ 4,773  
Investing activities
               
Purchases and mortgage advances
  $ (37,874 )   $ (34,201 )
Disposals and repayments
    32,717       30,812  
Changes in investment broker net receivables and payables
    (1,121 )     422  
Cash used in investing activities
  $ (6,278 )   $ (2,967 )
Financing activities
               
Decrease in repurchase agreements and securities sold but not yet purchased
  $ (511 )   $ (582 )
Repayment of long-term debt
    -       (220 )
Issue of capital instruments, net
    497       -  
Repayment of capital instruments
    (1,000 )     (550 )
Net redemption of investment contract liabilities
    (88 )     (342 )
Funds (redeemed) borrowed, net
    (3 )     35  
Secured borrowings from securitization transactions
    250       -  
Change in bank deposits, net
    822       1,100  
Shareholder dividends paid in cash
    (361 )     (351 )
Contributions (distributions) from non-controlling interest, net
    20       (16 )
Common shares issued, net
    -       2  
Preferred shares issued, net
    488       196  
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ 114     $ (728 )
Cash and short-term securities
               
Increase during the period
  $ 169     $ 1,078  
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and short-term securities
    2       (168 )
Balance, beginning of period
    12,280       11,322  
Balance, end of period
  $ 12,451     $ 12,232  
Cash and short-term securities
               
Beginning of period
               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 12,813     $ 11,849  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    (533 )     (527 )
Net cash and short-term securities, beginning of period
  $ 12,280     $ 11,322  
End of period
               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 13,008     $ 12,823  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    (557 )     (591 )
Net cash and short-term securities, end of period
  $ 12,451     $ 12,232  
Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information:
               
Interest received
  $ 4,323     $ 4,128  
Interest paid
  $ 541     522  
Income taxes paid
  253     102  
 
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
32

 

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements
 
(Canadian $ in millions except per share amounts or unless otherwise stated, unaudited)
 
 

 
Note 1               Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)
Reporting entity
Manulife Financial Corporation (“MFC”) is a publicly traded life insurance company and the holding company of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (“MLI”), a Canadian life insurance company, and John Hancock Reassurance Company, Ltd. (“JHRECO”), a Bermuda reinsurance company.  MFC and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Manulife Financial” or the “Company”) is a leading Canada-based financial services group with principal operations in Asia, Canada and the United States. Manulife Financial’s international network of employees, agents and distribution partners offers financial protection and wealth management products and services to millions of clients as well as asset management services to institutional customers. The Company operates as Manulife Financial in Canada and Asia and primarily as John Hancock in the United States.

(b)
Basis of presentation
MFC is domiciled in Canada and incorporated under the Insurance Companies Act (Canada) (“ICA”).  These Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared on a condensed basis in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the accounting requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, Canada (“OSFI”).  None of the accounting requirements of OSFI are exceptions to International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Management has determined that the consolidated financial statements presented present fairly the entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
 
 
These Consolidated Interim Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the accompanying notes included on pages 87 to 183 of the Company’s 2011 Annual Report.

These Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of MFC as at and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 9, 2012.


  Note 2     Future Accounting and Reporting Changes

(a)
Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”, IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements” and IFRS 12 “Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities”
 
In June 2012, the IASB issued additional transition guidance for IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 which clarifies that the date of initial application of these standards is January 1, 2013. Comparative disclosures are limited to the period that immediately precedes the first annual period of application and are not required for unconsolidated structured entities. It reiterates that IFRS 10 is retrospectively applicable; however, it provides for relief from retrospective adjustments where consolidation conclusions are unaffected by the adoption. These transition amendments are effective upon adoption of the amended standards on January 1, 2013 and will be applied to the Company’s 2013 financial statements. These amendments will not have a significant impact to the Company’s financial statements.

(b)
Annual Improvements 2009-2011 Cycle
In May 2012, the IASB issued minor amendments to five different standards as part of the Annual Improvements process. The amendments are effective January 1, 2013 and will be applied to the Company’s 2013 financial statements. None of these amendments are expected to have a material change to the classification, measurement or presentation of any items in the Company’s financial statements.


Note 3    Disposition

On July 18, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with Pacific Life Insurance Company (“Pacific Life”) to sell its life retrocession business. The transaction closed on August 31, 2011. The transaction was structured as reinsurance agreements between Pacific Life and the Company, in which the actuarial liabilities and related operating assets were transferred to Pacific Life. The net cash payment to Pacific Life was $704 in lieu of transferring the invested assets backing the actuarial liabilities. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company transferred the infrastructure (including information technology systems and workforce) required to administer the life retrocession business to Pacific Life.
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
33

 

Note 4    Invested Assets

(a)
Carrying values and fair values of invested assets

As at June 30, 2012
 
Fair-value-through-profit-and-loss
   
Available-
for-sale
   
Other
   
Total
carrying
value
   
Total fair
value
 
Cash and short-term securities(1)
  $ 622     $ 9,619     $ 2,767     $ 13,008     $ 13,008  
Bonds(2)
                                       
Canadian government & agency
    12,545       4,299       -       16,844       16,844  
U.S. government & agency(3)
    18,519       8,310       -       26,829       26,829  
Other government & agency
    12,174       1,956       -       14,130       14,130  
Corporate
    53,440       5,068       -       58,508       58,508  
Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    3,909       472       -       4,381       4,381  
Stocks(4)
    9,201       1,516       -       10,717       10,717  
Loans
                                       
Mortgages(5)
    -       -       34,737       34,737       36,931  
Private placements(6)
    -       -       19,840       19,840       22,005  
Policy loans(7)
    -       -       6,895       6,895       6,895  
Bank loans(5)
    -       -       2,251       2,251       2,258  
Real estate(8)
                                       
Own use property
    -       -       818       818       1,330  
Investment property
    -       -       7,318       7,318       7,318  
Other invested assets(9)
    4,379       132       7,152       11,663       11,962  
Total invested assets
  $ 114,789     $ 31,372     $ 81,778     $ 227,939     $ 233,116  



As at December 31, 2011
                             
Cash and short-term securities(1)
  $ 568     $ 8,473     $ 3,772     $ 12,813     $ 12,813  
Bonds(2)
                                       
Canadian government & agency
    11,030       5,517       -       16,547       16,547  
U.S. government & agency(3)
    20,108       7,904       -       28,012       28,012  
Other government & agency
    10,318       1,844       -       12,162       12,162  
Corporate
    53,091       5,017       -       58,108       58,108  
Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    5,135       523       -       5,658       5,658  
Stocks(4)
    8,778       1,465       -       10,243       10,243  
Loans
                                       
Mortgages(5)
    -       -       35,023       35,023       37,062  
Private placements(6)
    -       -       20,294       20,294       22,191  
Policy loans(7)
    -       -       6,827       6,827       6,827  
Bank loans(5)
    -       -       2,288       2,288       2,299  
Real estate(8)
                                       
Own use property
    -       -       831       831       1,260  
Investment property
    -       -       6,635       6,635       6,635  
Other invested assets(9)
    4,062       121       6,896       11,079       11,390  
Total invested assets
  $ 113,090     $ 30,864     $ 82,566     $ 226,520     $ 231,207  

 
  (1)
Fair values of short-term securities are determined using appropriate prevailing interest rates and credit spreads. This includes short -term securities (i.e., maturities of less than one year at acquisition) amounting to $4,157 (December 31, 2011 – $2,994) and cash equivalents (i.e., maturities of less than 90 days at acquisition) amounting to $6,084 (December 31, 2011 – $6,047).
 
 
(2)
Fair values for bonds, including corporate, U.S. Treasury and municipal securities, are based on quoted market prices when available. When market prices are not available, fair value is generally estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit quality (matrix pricing). The significant inputs into these models include, but are not limited to, yield curves, credit risks and spreads, measures of volatility and prepayment rates. Total bonds include securities which are deemed to be short-term securities and cash equivalents of $1,045 and nil respectively (December 31, 2011 – $520 and $6 respectively).
 
 
(3)
U.S. government & agency bonds include $5,857 of state issued securities (December 31, 2011 – $5,541).
 
 
(4)
Fair values for stocks are determined with reference to quoted market prices.
 
 
(5)
Fair values of fixed-rate mortgages and bank loans are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at market interest rates for mortgages with similar remaining terms and credit risks. Fair values for the majority of variable-rate mortgages and bank loans are assumed to equal their carrying values since there are no fixed spreads. Where a variable rate mortgage has a fixed spread above the benchmark rate, the mortgages are valued using current market spreads for equivalently rated borrowers.
 
 
(6)
Fair values of private placements are based on valuation techniques and assumptions which reflect changes in interest rates and changes in the creditworthiness of individual borrowers which have occurred since the investments were originated.  The assumptions are based primarily on market observable data.  Fair values also reflect any applicable provision for credit loan losses.
 
 
(7)
Policy loans are carried at amortized cost.  As policy loans are fully collateralized by their cash surrender values and can be repaid at any time, their carrying values approximate their fair values.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
34

 

 
(8)
Fair values of investment property real estate are determined by qualified independent external appraisals using a variety of techniques including discounted cash flows, income capitalization approaches and comparable sales analysis. These appraisals incorporate relevant market evidence, where available.  Own use real estate properties are carried on a cost basis with carrying values adjusted for accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
 
 
(9)
Other invested assets include private equity (14% at June 30, 2012 and 13% at December 31, 2011) and fixed income investments held primarily in power and infrastructure (24% at June 30, 2012 and 23% at December 31, 2011), oil and gas (11% at June 30, 2012 and 12% at December 31, 2011), and timber and agriculture sectors (21% at June 30, 2012 and 21% at December 31, 2011) as well as investments in leveraged leases (22% at June 30, 2012 and 23% at December 31, 2011).  Fair values of these investments are estimated based on best available information which is generally not market observable. This may include external appraisals, various valuation techniques used by external managers as well as internal valuations using a variety of techniques including discounted cash flows, earnings multiple of comparable companies and comparable sales analyses.  Leveraged leases are carried at values taking into account the present value of future cash flows from the net investment.
 
 
 
(b)
Bonds and stocks classified as fair-value-through-profit-and-loss (“FVTPL”)
The FVTPL classification was elected for securities backing insurance and investment contract liabilities in order to substantially reduce an accounting mismatch arising from changes in the value of these assets and changes in the value recorded for the related insurance and investment contract liabilities. There would otherwise be a mismatch if the available-for-sale (“AFS”) classification was selected because changes in insurance and investment contract liabilities are reflected in net income rather than in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).

Gains (losses) on bonds and stocks classified as FVTPL

   
three months ended
June 30
   
six months ended
June 30
 
For the
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Bonds
  $ 3,169     $ 1,353     $ 1,924     $ 633  
Stocks
    (381 )     (175 )     333       65  
Other invested assets – private stocks
    46       115       59       84  

(c)        Bonds and stocks classified as AFS
 
 
The Company’s investments in bonds and stocks classified as AFS are summarized below.
 

As at June 30, 2012
 
Amortized cost
   
Gross unrealized gains
   
Gross unrealized losses
   
Fair value
 
Bonds
                       
    Canadian government & agency
  $ 4,270     $ 203     $ (174 )   $ 4,299  
    U.S. government & agency
    8,198       140       (28 )     8,310  
    Other government & agency
    1,903       57       (4 )     1,956  
    Corporate
    4,870       264       (66 )     5,068  
    Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    488       23       (39 )     472  
Total bonds
  $ 19,729     $ 687     $ (311 )   $ 20,105  
Stocks(1)
    1,572       50       (106 )     1,516  
Other invested assets – private stocks
    120       24       (12 )     132  
Total bonds and stocks
  $ 21,421     $ 761     $ (429 )   $ 21,753  
                                 
As at December 31, 2011
                               
Bonds
                               
    Canadian government & agency
  $ 5,546     $ 226     $ (255 )   $ 5,517  
    U.S. government & agency
    7,758       154       (8 )     7,904  
    Other government & agency
    1,813       38       (7 )     1,844  
    Corporate
    4,867       229       (79 )     5,017  
    Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    572       22       (71 )     523  
Total bonds
  $ 20,556     $ 669     $ (420 )   $ 20,805  
Stocks(1)
    1,577       41       (153 )     1,465  
Other invested assets – private stocks
    119       13       (11 )     121  
Total bonds and stocks
  $ 22,252     $ 723     $ (584 )   $ 22,391  


(1) The largest single issuer represented 10% (December 31, 2011 – 9%) of the fair value of stocks classified as AFS.

A tax expense of $89 (December 31, 2011 – $26) reduces the pre-tax net unrealized gain of $332 (December 31, 2011 – $139) above to $243 (December 31, 2011 – $113).
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
35

 

Securities that are designated as AFS are not actively traded but sales do occur as circumstances warrant.  Such sales result in a reclassification of any accumulated unrealized gain (loss) in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to net income as a realized gain (loss). The table below sets out the movement in unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities during the quarter. In determining gains and losses on sale and transfer of AFS assets, cost is determined at the security lot level.

 
Sales of AFS securities
 
   
three months ended
June 30
   
six months ended
June 30
 
For the
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Sale of bonds
                       
Sale proceeds
  $ 9,504     $ 9,241     $ 13,695     $ 11,452  
Gross gains
    494       326       553       333  
Gross losses
    (274 )     (195 )     (430 )     (324 )
Sale of stocks
                               
Sale proceeds
    455       293       698       883  
Gross gains
    42       51       65       104  
Gross losses
    (35 )     (13 )     (49 )     (27 )
Sale of other invested assets – private stocks
                               
Sale proceeds
    -       1       -       25  
Gross gains
    -       -       -       3  
Gross losses
    -       (2 )     -       (2 )
Sale of short-term securities
                               
Sale proceeds
    1,612       1,762       3,502       3,212  
Gross gains
    -       -       -       -  
Gross losses
    -       -       -       -  
 


Unrealized losses on AFS securities
The Company monitors its portfolio of AFS securities on an ongoing basis to identify impairments based on objective evidence.  Analysis is conducted at the individual security lot level and includes an assessment of a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an individual security lot below its cost. The following table presents the Company’s unrealized loss aging for total bonds and stocks classified as AFS, by investment type and length of time the security was in a continuous unrealized loss position.
 

   
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
As at June 30, 2012
 
Amortized cost
   
Fair
value
   
Unrealized losses
   
Amortized cost
   
Fair
value
   
Unrealized losses
   
Amortized cost
   
Fair
value
   
Unrealized losses
 
Bonds
                                                     
Canadian government & agency
  $ 1,021     $ 981     $ (40 )   $ 1,056     $ 922     $ (134 )   $ 2,077     $ 1,903     $ (174 )
U.S. government & agency
    5,145       5,117       (28 )     -       -       -       5,145       5,117       (28 )
Other government & agency
    369       365       (4 )     6       6       -       375       371       (4 )
Corporate
    1,049       1,035       (14 )     330       278       (52 )     1,379       1,313       (66 )
Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    98       77       (21 )     74       56       (18 )     172       133       (39 )
Total bonds
  $ 7,682     $ 7,575     $ (107 )   $ 1,466     $ 1,262     $ (204 )   $ 9,148     $ 8,837     $ (311 )
Stocks
    724       646       (78 )     184       156       (28 )     908       802       (106 )
Other invested assets – private stocks
    1       1       -       58       46       (12 )     59       47       (12 )
Total bonds and stocks
  $ 8,407     $ 8,222     $ (185 )   $ 1,708     $ 1,464     $ (244 )   $ 10,115     $ 9,686     $ (429 )
                                                                         
                                                                         
As at December 31, 2011
                                                                       
Bonds
                                                                       
Canadian government & agency
  $ 1,474     $ 1,419     $ (55 )   $ 1,490     $ 1,290     $ (200 )   $ 2,964     $ 2,709     $ (255 )
U.S. government & agency
    1,031       1,023       (8 )     1       1       -       1,032       1,024       (8 )
Other government & agency
    649       643       (6 )     18       17       (1 )     667       660       (7 )
Corporate
    1,180       1,144       (36 )     321       278       (43 )     1,501       1,422       (79 )
Mortgage/asset-backed securities
    46       44       (2 )     212       143       (69 )     258       187       (71 )
Total bonds
  $ 4,380     $ 4,273     $ (107 )   $ 2,042     $ 1,729     $ (313 )   $ 6,422     $ 6,002     $ (420 )
Stocks
    1,058       905       (153 )     2       2       -       1,060       907       (153 )
Other invested assets – private stocks
    1       1       -       57       46       (11 )     58       47       (11 )
Total bonds and stocks
  $ 5,439     $ 5,179     $ (260 )   $ 2,101     $ 1,777     $ (324 )   $ 7,540     $ 6,956     $ (584 )



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
36

 

At June 30, 2012, there were 469 (December 31, 2011 – 507) AFS bonds with an aggregate gross unrealized loss of $311 (December 31, 2011 – $420), of which the single largest unrealized loss was $46 (December 31, 2011 – $81). The Company anticipates that these bonds will perform in accordance with their contractual terms and currently has found no objective evidence of impairment.
 
At June 30, 2012, there were 1,164 (December 31, 2011 – 1,358) publicly traded stocks with an aggregate gross unrealized loss of $106 (December 31, 2011 – $153), of which the single largest unrealized loss was $23 (December 31, 2011 – $40). The Company anticipates that these stocks will recover in value in the near term.

As of June 30, 2012, 82 per cent (December 31, 2011 – 78 per cent) of publicly traded securities in an unrealized loss position were trading at greater than 80 per cent of amortized cost. Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of these securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the Company has found no objective evidence of impairment and the carrying value is appropriate.  For securities listed above as being in an unrealized loss position of 12 months or more, the duration of impairment ranges from 12 to 63 months (December 31, 2011 – 12 to 57 months).


 
Contractual maturity of AFS bonds
 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS bonds by contractual maturity year are shown below.
 

As at June 30, 2012
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair
value
 
Maturity
           
One year or less
  $ 1,397     $ 1,399  
Over one year through five years
    3,023       3,099  
Over five years through ten years
    3,496       3,677  
Over ten years
    11,325       11,458  
Subtotal
  $ 19,241     $ 19,633  
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities
    488       472  
Total
  $ 19,729     $ 20,105  

Securitized assets, such as asset-backed securities (“ABS”), mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), are not categorized by contractual maturity because estimated maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to security call or prepayment provisions.

Mortgage securitization
 
The Company securitizes certain insured fixed and variable rate commercial and residential mortgages and Home Equity Lines of Credit (“HELOC”) through creation of mortgage-backed securities under the Canadian Mortgage Bond Program (“CMB”), Government of Canada National Housing Act (“NHA”) MBS program, as well as to other third party investors.  Additionally, the Company mitigates credit risk on certain mortgages through transfers to third party investors.  Under IFRS, these transactions remain “on-balance sheet” and are accounted for as secured borrowings, as described in note 1(d) of the Company’s 2011 annual consolidated financial statements.
 
 
There are no expected credit losses on the mortgages that have been securitized under the Government of Canada CMB and NHA MBS programs and the HELOC securitization as they are government guaranteed. For the mortgages transferred to third party investors, credit risk is mitigated by the terms of the transfer arrangement. Benefits received from the transfers include interest spread between the asset and associated liability.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
37

 


The carrying amount of securitized assets reflecting the Company’s continuing involvement with the mortgages and the associated liabilities is as follows.

As at June 30, 2012
 
Securitized assets
   
Secured borrowing liabilities
 
Securitization program
 
Securitized mortgages
   
Restricted cash and short-term securities
   
Total
       
HELOC securitization(1)
  $ 1,000     $ 5     $ 1,005     $ 997  
CMB securitization
    319       164       483       481  
NHA MBS securitization(2)
    35       1       36       36  
Other
    16       -       16       16  
                                 
As at December 31, 2011
             
HELOC securitization(1)
  $ 750     $ 4     $ 754     $ 747  
CMB securitization
    391       93       484       481  
NHA MBS securitization(2)
    39       -       39       39  
Other
    16       -       16       16  

(1)
The restricted cash balance for the HELOC securitization reflects a cash reserve fund established in relation to the transactions.  The reserve will be drawn upon only in the event of insufficient cash flows from the underlying HELOCs to satisfy the secured borrowing liability.
 (2)
Under the Government of Canada programs, cash received on the mortgages is held in a restricted cash account for the payment of the liability under the terms of the program.
 


Note 5    Derivative and Hedging Instruments

Derivatives are financial contracts, the value of which is derived from underlying interest rates, foreign exchange rates, other financial instruments, commodity prices or indices.  The Company uses derivatives including swaps, forwards and futures agreements, and options to manage current and anticipated exposures to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity market prices, and to replicate permissible investments.

Swaps are over-the-counter (“OTC”) contractual agreements between the Company and a third party to exchange a series of cash flows based upon rates applied to a notional amount. For interest rate swaps, counterparties generally exchange fixed or floating interest rate payments based on a notional value in a single currency. Cross currency swaps involve the exchange of principal amounts between parties as well as the exchange of interest payments in one currency for the receipt of interest payments in another currency. Total return swaps are contracts that involve the exchange of payments based on changes in the values of a reference asset, including any returns such as interest earned on these assets, in return for amounts based on reference rates specified in the contract.

Forward and futures agreements are contractual obligations to buy or sell a financial instrument, foreign currency or other underlying commodity on a predetermined future date at a specified price. Forward contracts are OTC contracts negotiated between counterparties, whereas futures agreements are contracts with standard amounts and settlement dates that are traded on regulated exchanges.

Options are contractual agreements whereby the holder has the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) a security, exchange rate, interest rate or other financial instrument at a predetermined price/rate within a specified time.

See variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging strategy in note 10(a) of the Company’s 2011 annual consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the Company’s dynamic hedging strategy for its variable annuity product guarantees.

Hedging relationships
The Company uses derivatives for economic hedging purposes. In certain circumstances, these hedges also meet the requirements for hedge accounting. Hedging relationships eligible for hedge accounting are designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or as net investment hedges, as described below.

Fair value hedges
The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed rate financial instruments caused by changes in interest rates. The Company also uses cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate fluctuations, or both.

The Company recognizes gains and losses on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedges in investment income. These investment gains (losses) are shown in the following table.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
38

 



Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships
                   
For the three months ended June 30, 2012
Hedged items in fair value hedging relationships
 
Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives
   
Gains (losses) recognized for hedged items
   
Ineffectiveness recognized in
investment income
 
Interest rate swaps
Fixed rate assets
  $ (650 )   $ 574     $ (76 )
 
Fixed rate liabilities
    14       (14 )     -  
Foreign currency swaps
Fixed rate assets
    (2 )     3       1  
Total
    $ (638 )   $ 563     $ (75 )
                           
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                         
                           
Interest rate swaps
Fixed rate assets
  $ (162 )   $ 174     $ 12  
 
Fixed rate liabilities
    40       (39 )     1  
Foreign currency swaps
Fixed rate assets
    (2 )     2       -  
 
Floating rate liabilities
    7       -       7  
Total
    $ (117 )   $ 137     $ 20  
                           
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
                         
Interest rate swaps
Fixed rate assets
  $ (136 )   $ 86     $ (50 )
 
Fixed rate liabilities
    (23 )     23       -  
Foreign currency swaps
Fixed rate assets
    (1 )     1       -  
Total
    $ (160 )   $ 110     $ (50 )
                           
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                         
                           
Interest rate swaps
Fixed rate assets
  $ (60 )   $ 63     $ 3  
 
Fixed rate liabilities
    16       (15 )     1  
Foreign currency swaps
Fixed rate assets
    1       -       1  
 
Floating rate liabilities
    16       1       17  
Total
    $ (27 )   $ 49     $ 22  


Cash flow hedges
The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability in cash flows from variable rate financial instruments and forecasted transactions. The Company also uses cross currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the variability from foreign currency financial instruments and foreign currency expenses.
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
39

 

The effects of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity are shown in the following table.
 


Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
                   
For the three months ended June 30, 2012
Hedged items in cash flow hedging relationships
 
Gains (losses)
deferred in
AOCI on derivatives
   
Gains (losses) reclassified from
AOCI into
investment income
   
Ineffectiveness recognized in
investment
 income
 
Interest rate swaps
Forecasted liabilities
  $ (9 )   $ (3 )   $ -  
Foreign currency forwards
Forecasted expenses
    (1 )     -       -  
Total return swaps
Stock-based compensation
    (17 )     -       -  
Total
    $ (27 )   $ (3 )   $ -  
                           
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                         
Interest rate swaps
Forecasted liabilities
  $ 5     $ (3 )   $ -  
Foreign currency forwards
Forecasted expenses
    (8 )     -       -  
Total return swaps
Stock-based compensation
    1       -       -  
Total
    $ (2 )   $ (3 )   $ -  
                           
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
                         
Interest rate swaps
Forecasted liabilities
  $ 4     $ (6 )   $ -  
Foreign currency forwards
Forecasted expenses
    2       -       -  
Total return swaps
Stock-based compensation
    18       -       -  
Total
    $ 24     $ (6 )   $ -  
                           
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                         
Interest rate swaps
Forecasted liabilities
  $ 5     $ (6 )   $ -  
Foreign currency swaps
Fixed rate assets
    (1 )     -       -  
Foreign currency forwards
Forecasted expenses
    (13 )     -       -  
Total return swaps
Stock-based compensation
    (2 )     -       -  
Total
    $ (11 )   $ (6 )   $ -  


The Company anticipates that net losses of approximately $23 will be reclassified from AOCI to earnings within the next twelve months. The maximum time frame for which variable cash flows are hedged is 29 years.

Hedges of net investments in net foreign operations
The Company primarily uses forward currency contracts, cross currency swaps and non-functional currency denominated debt to manage its foreign currency exposures to net investments in net foreign operations.

The effects of derivatives in net investment hedging relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity are shown in the following table.

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
40

 


Hedging instruments in net investment hedging relationships
                 
For the three months ended June 30, 2012
 
Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI on derivatives
   
Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into investment income
   
Ineffectiveness
recognized in
investment income
 
Currency swaps and interest rate swaps
  $ (32 )   $ -     $ -  
Non-functional currency denominated debt
    (22 )             -  
Total
  $ (54 )   $ -     $ -  
                         
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                       
Currency swaps and interest rate swaps
  $ 2     $ -     $ -  
Non-functional currency denominated debt
    8       -       -  
Total
  $ 10     $ -     $ -  
                         
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
                       
Currency swaps and interest rate swaps
  $ 2     $ -     $ -  
Non-functional currency denominated debt
    (2 )     -       -  
Total
  $ -     $ -     $ -  
                         
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                       
Currency swaps and interest rate swaps
  $ 11     $ -     $ -  
Non-functional currency denominated debt
    33       -       -  
Total
  $ 44     $ -     $ -  

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Derivatives used in portfolios supporting insurance contract liabilities are generally not designated as hedging instruments because the change in the value of the insurance contract liabilities hedged items in these portfolios is recorded through net income. Given the changes in fair value of these derivatives and related hedge risks are recognized in investment income as they occur, they generally offset with the change in hedged risk to the extent the hedges are effective. Interest rate and cross currency swaps are used in the portfolios supporting insurance contract liabilities to manage duration and currency risks.

The effects of derivatives in non-hedging relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income are shown in the following table.
 


   
three months ended
June 30
   
six months ended
June 30
 
For the
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Non-hedging relationships
                       
    Investment income (loss)
                       
         Interest rate swaps
  $ 4,035     $ 974     $ 1,232     $ 428  
         Credit default swaps
    -       -       1       -  
         Stock futures
    554       37       (1,098 )     (468 )
         Currency futures
    74       4       (11 )     (67 )
         Interest rate futures
    (136 )     (67 )     (78 )     (55 )
         Interest rate options
    7       -       5       -  
         Total return swaps
    (11 )     (2 )     (12 )     (2 )
         Foreign currency swaps
    1       13       (26 )     2  
         Foreign currency forwards
    (4 )     9       (19 )     12  
Total investment income (loss) from
   derivatives in non-hedging relationships
  $ 4,520     $ 968     $ (6 )   $ (150 )



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
41

 


Fair value of derivatives
The pricing models used to value OTC derivatives are based on market standard valuation methodologies and the inputs to these models are consistent with what management believes a market participant would use when pricing the instruments.  Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk (including the counterparties to the contract) and volatility. The significant inputs to the pricing models for most OTC derivatives are inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Inputs that are observable generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate curves.  However, certain OTC derivatives may rely on inputs that are significant to the fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Inputs that are unobservable generally include: broker quotes, volatilities and inputs that are outside of the observable portion of the interest rate curve or other relevant market measures. These unobservable inputs may involve significant management judgment or estimation. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what market participants would use when pricing such instruments. The Company's use of unobservable inputs is limited and the impact on derivative fair values does not represent a material amount as evidenced by the limited amount of Level 3 derivatives in note 9. The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are considered in determining the fair value for all OTC derivatives after taking into account the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements.

The fair value of derivative instruments is summarized by term to maturity in the following table.  Fair values shown do not incorporate the impact of master netting agreements (see note 8).


Term to maturity
 
Less than
   
1 to 3
   
3 to 5
   
Over 5
       
As at June 30, 2012
 
1 year
   
years
   
years
   
years
   
Total
 
Derivative assets
  $ 33     $ 234     $ 404     $ 16,101     $ 16,772  
Derivative liabilities
    148       288       377       7,162       7,975  
                                         
As at December 31, 2011
                                       
Derivative assets
  $ 67     $ 198     $ 469     $ 14,738     $ 15,472  
Derivative liabilities
    115       342       387       6,783       7,627  


The gross notional amount and the fair value of derivative contracts by the underlying risk exposure for all derivatives in hedging and non-hedging relationships are summarized in the following table.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
42

 


As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Notional
     
Fair value
   
Notional
     
Fair value
 
Type of hedge / Instrument type
 
amount
     
Assets
   
Liabilities
   
amount
     
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
Qualifying hedging relationships
                                       
  Fair value hedges
                                       
       Interest rate swaps
  $ 7,643       $ 127     $ 1,745     $ 8,294       $ 150     $ 1,905  
       Foreign currency swaps
    71         -       28       71         -       28  
  Cash flow hedges
                                                   
       Interest rate swaps
    127         -       4       119         -       8  
       Foreign currency swaps
    10         -       -       8         1       -  
       Forward contracts
    249         6       -       205         4       -  
       Equity contracts
    60         -       9       48         1       11  
  Net investment hedges
                                                   
       Interest rate swaps
    650         216       -       650         216       -  
       Foreign currency swaps
    810         -       223       810         -       225  
Total derivatives in hedging relationships
  $ 9,620       $ 349     $ 2,009     $ 10,205       $ 372     $ 2,177  
Non-hedging relationships
                                                   
    Interest rate swaps
  $ 131,611       $ 15,947     $ 5,423     $ 119,458       $ 14,559     $ 4,911  
    Interest rate futures
    8,152         -       -       8,309         -       -  
    Interest rate options
    821         36       -       342         9       -  
    Foreign currency swaps
    6,528         430       524       6,725         523       523  
    Currency rate futures
    5,492         -       -       5,185         -       -  
    Forward contracts
    365         -       3       618         3       2  
    Equity contracts
    255         5       16       142         2       13  
    Credit default swaps
    234         5       -       250         4       1  
    Equity futures
    17,043         -       -       16,320         -       -  
Total derivatives in non-hedging relationships
  $ 170,501       $ 16,423     $ 5,966     $ 157,349       $ 15,100     $ 5,450  
Total derivatives
  $ 180,121       $ 16,772     $ 7,975     $ 167,554       $ 15,472     $ 7,627  



  Note 6    Fixed Deferred Annuity Coinsurance Transaction

On June 29, 2012, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement to insure 90 per cent of its fixed deferred annuity business from John Hancock U.S.A. with an effective date of April 1, 2012.  The transaction was structured such that the Company transferred the actuarial liabilities and related invested assets which included $5,428 in cash and other invested assets backing the actuarial liabilities.  Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will maintain responsibility for servicing of the policies and managing some of the assets and has retained 10 per cent of the risk.  The Company has not reinsured the fixed deferred annuity business in its New York subsidiary and therefore the amount reinsured represents 67 per cent of the Company’s book value fixed deferred annuity business.


Note 7                 Policy Liabilities

The Company examines the assumptions used in determining policy liabilities on an ongoing basis to ensure they appropriately reflect emerging experience and changes in risk profile. Changes to actuarial methods and assumptions used in determining insurance contract liabilities will result in a change to projected value of policy cash flows and, therefore, to insurance contract liabilities. The net impact of changes in actuarial assumptions and model enhancements was an increase in reserves backing policyholder liabilities of $984 for the three months ended June 30, 2012 (2011 – increase of $601). Net of the impacts on participating surplus and non-controlling interests, shareholders’ post-tax income decreased by $677 (2011 – decreased by $402). These post-tax amounts are reported in the Corporate and Other segment.

The impact from updates to the ultimate reinvestment rates (“URR”) in Canada and the United States resulted in an increase in policy liabilities of $993 in the second quarter of 2012.  The balance, a reserve release of $9, was due to refinements in projections of liability cash flows.

The $(18) impact on policy liabilities for changes in actuarial assumptions and model enhancements in the first quarter of 2012 was related to refinements of methods for projecting asset and liability cash flows across several business units, mainly in the U.S.

In the second quarter of 2011, the change in methods and assumptions increased policy liabilities by $601. $552 of this amount was related to the annual updates for the ultimate reinvestment rates used in the valuation of policy liabilities. The balance was due to various refinements of methods and models that are used to project future policy cash flows across several business units. The process improvement that the Company made over the previous twelve months enabled it to estimate the impact of the annual update of the URR in the second quarter of 2011, rather than including it in the annual basis change scheduled for the third quarter. This estimate was trued up in the third quarter of 2011 as part of the annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions.
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
43

 

In the first quarter of 2011, the change in actuarial methods and assumptions increased insurance contract liabilities by $105. This was related mainly to refinements of methods and models that are used to project future insurance contract cash flows across several business units. Of the $105, $36 related to a refinement in the calculation of an embedded derivative.


The Company will be completing its annual review of actuarial methods and assumptions in the third quarter of 2012.  While the Company currently cannot reasonably quantify the impact of the review, preliminary work suggests the high end of the estimated range of potential outcomes is in the order of $1 billion. Most of the impact is in respect of products and businesses which do not form a substantial part of the Company’s future new business plans. The material components of the review, as a result of new and emerging experience, are expected to be updates to U.S. variable annuity guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit lapse and withdrawal utilization assumptions, variable annuity bond calibration parameters due to the decline in interest rates and U.S. life lapse assumptions, all largely related to the current macro economic environment, as well as alternative asset related assumptions and new rules related to variable annuity equity calibration.  In July 2012, the Actuarial Standards Board promulgated revised standards for equity calibration parameters used to generate investment returns used in the valuation of segregated fund guarantees.  Work is continuing on the review of other actuarial assumptions and the Company would expect the other impacts to include both positive and negative adjustments.  The work is expected to be completed in the third quarter and the actual impact is likely to differ from the Company’s early indications, and is also likely to be impacted by market conditions at the end of the third quarter.


Note 8                Risk Management

Sensitivities and risk exposure measures
 
Caution related to sensitivities: In these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements, the Company has provided sensitivities and risk exposure measures for certain risks.  These include sensitivities  due to specific changes in market prices and interest rate levels projected using internal models as at a specific date, and are measured relative to a starting level reflecting the Company’s assets and liabilities at that date and the actuarial factors, investment returns and investment activity assumed in the future. The risk exposures measure the impact of changing one factor at a time and assume that all other factors remain unchanged.  Actual results can differ significantly from these estimates for a variety of reasons including the interaction among these factors when more than one changes, changes in actuarial and investment return and future investment activity assumptions, actual experience differing from the assumptions, changes in business mix, effective tax rates and other market factors, and the general limitations of the Company’s internal models.  For these reasons, the sensitivities should only be viewed as directional estimates of the underlying sensitivities for the respective factors based on the assumptions outlined below.  Given the nature of these calculations, the Company cannot provide assurance that the actual impact on net income attributed to shareholders will be as indicated.
 
 
Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees
The table below provides information related to the Company’s variable annuities and segregated funds products with guarantees. Under IFRS, the guarantees associated with these products are considered to be embedded derivatives. However, as these guarantees either contain significant insurance risk and/or are closely related to the host contract, the embedded derivatives are not required to be accounted for separately at fair value in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees make up the most material portion of the embedded derivatives exempt from separate measurement at fair value.
 
Variable annuity products with Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (“GMDB”) features guarantee the contract holder a minimum payment on death of, depending on the contract features: (a) the total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals; (b) the total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return; or (c) the highest contract fund value on a prior specified anniversary date adjusted for any withdrawals following that specified anniversary date.
 
Variable annuity products with Guaranteed Minimum Accumulation Benefit (“GMAB”) features guarantee the contract holder a minimum payment at the end of a specified term of either, depending on the contract features: (a) the total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals; or (b) the highest contract fund valued on a prior specified anniversary date adjusted for any withdrawals following that specified anniversary date.
 
Variable annuity products with Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (“GMIB”) features provide a guaranteed minimum lifetime annuity, which may be elected by the contract holder after a stipulated waiting period (seven to 15 years). The Company ceased selling products with this guarantee in 2004.
 
Variable annuity products with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (“GMWB”) features provide contract holders a minimum annual withdrawal amount over a specified time period or in some cases for as long as they live or as long as either they or their spouse lives, of a specified percentage of a benefit base, equaling total deposits adjusted for prior withdrawals in excess of specified allowed amounts. In some cases, depending on contract features, the benefit base may be increased at specified dates either (a) to the contract fund value if higher, or (b) by specified amounts in the case no withdrawals are made by the contract holder.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
44

 


Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees


As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Guarantee value
   
Fund value
   
Amount
at risk(4)
   
Guarantee value
   
Fund value
   
Amount
at risk(4)
 
Guaranteed minimum  income benefit(1)
  $ 7,135     $ 5,222     $ 1,919     $ 7,518     $ 5,358     $ 2,163  
Guaranteed minimum  withdrawal benefit
    66,916       58,342       8,800       66,655       56,954       9,907  
Guaranteed minimum  accumulation benefit
    22,327       22,224       2,419       23,509       23,030       2,813  
Gross living benefits(2)
  $ 96,378     $ 85,788     $ 13,138     $ 97,682     $ 85,342     $ 14,883  
Gross death benefits(3)
    14,493       11,588       2,745       15,202       11,614       3,232  
Total gross of reinsurance and hedging
  $ 110,871     $ 97,376     $ 15,883     $ 112,884     $ 96,956     $ 18,115  
Living benefits reinsured
  $ 6,181     $ 4,522     $ 1,663     $ 6,491     $ 4,622     $ 1,871  
Death benefits reinsured
    4,086       3,353       916       4,360       3,430       1,104  
Total reinsured
  $ 10,267     $ 7,875     $ 2,579     $ 10,851     $ 8,052     $ 2,975  
Total, net of reinsurance
  $ 100,604     $ 89,501     $ 13,304     $ 102,033     $ 88,904     $ 15,140  
Living benefits dynamically hedged
  $ 55,958     $ 51,665     $ 5,615     $ 55,522     $ 50,550     $ 6,346  
Death benefits dynamically hedged
    5,341       3,887       628       5,133       3,461       739  
Total dynamically hedged
  $ 61,299     $ 55,552     $ 6,243     $ 60,655     $ 54,011     $ 7,085  
Living benefits retained
  $ 34,239     $ 29,601     $ 5,860     $ 35,669     $ 30,170     $ 6,666  
Death benefits retained
    5,066       4,348       1,201       5,709       4,723       1,389  
Total, net of reinsurance and dynamic hedging
  $ 39,305     $ 33,949     $ 7,061     $ 41,378     $ 34,893     $ 8,055  

(1)
Contracts with guaranteed long-term care benefits are included in this category.
 
(2)
Where a insurance contract includes both living and death benefits, the guarantee in excess of the living benefit is included in the death benefit category as outlined in footnote (3).
 
(3)
Death benefits include stand-alone guarantees and guarantees in excess of living benefit guarantees where both death and living benefits are provided on a policy.
 
(4)
Amount at risk (in-the-money amount) is the excess of guarantee values over fund values on all policies where the guarantee value exceeds the fund value.  This amount is not currently payable.  For GMDB, the net amount at risk is defined as the current GMDB in excess of the current account balance.  For GMIB, the net amount at risk is defined as the excess of the current annuitization income base over the current account value.  For all guarantees, the net amount at risk is floored at zero at the single contract level.
 

Publicly traded equity performance risk – risk exposure measures
 
The table below shows the potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders resulting from an immediate 10, 20 and 30 per cent change in market values of publicly traded equities followed by a return to the expected level of growth assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities, including embedded derivatives.  The potential impact is shown assuming that the change in value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities and is also shown assuming the change in value is not completely offset.  While the Company cannot reliably estimate the amount of the change in dynamically hedged variable annuity liabilities that will not be offset by the profit or loss on the dynamic hedge assets, the Company makes certain assumptions for the purposes of estimating the impact on shareholders’ net income. The Company reports the impact based on the assumption that for a 10, 20 and 30 per cent decrease in the market value of equities, the gains from the hedge assets offsets 80, 75 and 70 per cent, respectively, of the loss arising from the change in the policy liabilities associated with the guarantees dynamically hedged. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent increase in the market value of equities, the loss on the dynamic hedges is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively.
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
45

 

Potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to public equity returns(1)
 

As at June 30, 2012
    -30 %     -20 %     -10 %     10 %     20 %     30 %
Net impact assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(2)
  $ (1,720 )   $ (1,070 )   $ (490 )   $ 400     $ 700     $ 900  
Impact of assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(3)
    (950 )     (490 )     (180 )     (140 )     (300 )     (480 )
Net impact assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(2),(3)
  $ (2,670 )   $ (1,560 )   $ (670 )   $ 260     $ 400     $ 420  
                                                 
As at December 31, 2011
                                               
Net impact assuming the change in the value of the hedge assets completely offsets the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(2)
  $ (2,050 )   $ (1,280 )   $ (600 )   $ 500     $ 910     $ 1,220  
Impact of assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(3)
    (950 )     (500 )     (180 )     (140 )     (300 )     (480 )
Net impact assuming the change in value of the dynamic hedge assets does not completely offset the change in the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities(2),(3)
  $ (3,000 )   $ (1,780 )   $ (780 )   $ 360     $ 610     $ 740  

(1)
See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
The impact for component related to general fund equities is calculated at a point-in-time and does not include: (i) any potential impact on public equity weightings; (ii) any gains or losses on public equities held in the Corporate and Other segment; or (iii) any gains or losses on public equity investments held in Manulife Bank of Canada. The sensitivities assume that the participating insurance contract funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in equity markets.
 
(3)
For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market decrease, the gain on the dynamic hedge assets is assumed to be 80, 75 and 70 per cent of the loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities associated with insurance contracts, respectively. For a 10, 20 and 30 per cent market increase, the loss on the dynamic hedges is assumed to be 120, 125 and 130 per cent of the gain from the dynamically hedged variable annuity guarantee liabilities, respectively.
 

Interest rate risk – risk exposure measures
The following table shows the potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders of a change of one per cent in current government, swap and corporate rates for all maturities across all markets with no change in credit spreads between government, swap and corporate rates, and with a floor of zero on government rates and corporate spreads, relative to the rates assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities, including embedded derivatives. Any impact of a change in the actuarial booking scenario, should interest rates and spreads decline in parallel and by the amounts indicated, is incorporated into the earnings sensitivities.  For this reason, the impact of changes less than the amounts indicated are unlikely to be linear relative to this estimate. For variable annuity guarantee liabilities that are dynamically hedged, it is assumed that interest rate hedges are rebalanced at 20 basis point intervals.  The impact does not allow for any potential changes to the ultimate reinvestment rate (“URR”) assumptions or other potential impacts to lower interest rate levels.
 
 
Potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders of an immediate one per cent parallel change in interest rates relative to rates assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities, including embedded derivatives and before the impact of the change in value of AFS fixed income investments (1),(2)

   
June 30, 2012
     
December 31, 2011
 
As at
    -100 bp     +100 bp       -100 bp     +100 bp
General fund products(3)
  $ 100     $ 100       $ (500 )   $ 350  
Variable annuity guarantees(4)
    (400 )     300         (500 )     350  
Total
  $ (300 )   $ 400       $ (1,000 )   $ 700  


(1)
See ”Caution related to sensitivities” above.
 
(2)
Sensitivities are based on projected asset and liability cash flows at the beginning of the quarter adjusted for the estimated impact of new business, investment markets and asset trading during the quarter.  Any true-up to these estimates, as a result of the final asset and liability cash flows to be used in the next quarter’s projection, are reflected in the next quarter’s sensitivities.
 
(3)
The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in interest rates.
 
(4)
For variable annuity guarantee liabilities that are dynamically hedged, it is assumed that interest rate hedges are rebalanced at 20 basis point intervals.
 

The decrease in sensitivity from December 31, 2011 was primarily attributable to an updated booking scenario which resulted in a reserve scenario that was unchanged for the sensitivity, a reduction in swap yields during the period and management actions to realign certain liability segments to reduce interest rate sensitivity.
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
46

 

The potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders provided in the table above does not include any impact arising from the sale of fixed income assets held in the Company’s surplus segment.  Changes in the market value of these assets, if realized, may provide a natural economic offset to the interest rate risk arising from the Company’s product liabilities.  In order for there to also be an accounting offset, the Company would need to realize a portion of the AFS fixed income unrealized gains or losses.

The following table shows the potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders resulting from a change in credit spreads and swap spreads over government bond rates for all maturities across all markets with a floor of zero on the total interest rate, relative to the spreads assumed in the valuation of policy liabilities.

Potential impact on annual net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to corporate spreads and swap spreads(1),(2),(3)
 
As at
 
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Corporate spreads(4)
           
     Increase 50 basis points
  $ 600     $ 500  
     Decrease 50 basis points
    (600 )     (900 )
Swap spreads
               
     Increase 20 basis points
  $ (600 )   $ (600 )
     Decrease 20 basis points
    600       600  
 
(1)
See ”Caution related to sensitivities” above. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
 
 
(2)
The impact on net income attributed to shareholders assumes no gains or losses are realized on AFS fixed income assets held in the surplus segment and excludes the impact arising from changes in off-balance sheet bond fund value arising from changes in credit spreads. The sensitivities assume that the participating policy funds are self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in corporate spreads.
 
(3)
Sensitivities are based on projected asset and liability cash flows at the beginning of the quarter adjusted for the estimated impact of new business, investment markets and asset trading during the quarter.  Any true-up to these estimates, as a result of the final asset and liability cash flows to be used in the next quarter’s projection, are reflected in the next quarter’s sensitivities.
 
(4)
Corporate spreads are assumed to grade to the expected long-term average over five years.  Sensitivities to 50 basis point change in corporate spreads were estimated at December 31, 2011.
 

 
Credit risk
 
Credit quality
For mortgages and private placements, the Company evaluates credit quality through regular monitoring of credit related exposures, considering both qualitative and quantitative factors in assigning an internal risk rating.  These ratings are updated at least annually.

A write-off is recorded when internal risk ratings indicate that a loss represents the most likely outcome.  The assets are designated as non-accrual and an allowance is established based on an analysis of the security and repayment sources.

The following table summarizes the recorded investment by credit quality indicator.


As at June 30, 2012
 
AAA
   
AA
      A    
BBB
   
BB
   
B & lower
   
Total
 
Loans (excluding Manulife Bank of Canada)
                                           
    Private placements
  $ 631     $ 2,493     $ 5,850     $ 8,621     $ 1,072     $ 1,173     $ 19,840  
    Mortgages
    2,165       1,917       3,676       11,473       667       426       20,324  
Total
  $ 2,796     $ 4,410     $ 9,526     $ 20,094     $ 1,739     $ 1,599     $ 40,164  
                                                         
As at December 31, 2011
                                                       
Loans (excluding Manulife Bank of Canada)
                                                       
    Private placements
  $ 608     $ 2,436     $ 5,902     $ 8,977     $ 1,178     $ 1,193     $ 20,294  
    Mortgages
    2,262       1,802       3,835       12,546       714       419       21,578  
Total
  $ 2,870     $ 4,238     $ 9,737     $ 21,523     $ 1,892     $ 1,612     $ 41,872  

For loans and mortgages held by Manulife Bank of Canada, the Company assigns an internal risk rating ranging from “1 – little or no risk” to “8 – doubtful”.  The internal risk ratings are updated at least annually and reflect the credit quality of the lending asset including such factors as original credit score and product characteristics.

Full or partial write-offs of loans are recorded when management believes there is no realistic prospect of full recovery.  Write-offs, net of recoveries, are deducted from the allowance for credit losses.  All impairments are captured in the allowance for credit losses.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
47

 

The following table summarizes the recorded investment by credit quality indicator.
 

As at June 30, 2012
    1       2       3    
4 & lower
   
Total
 
Manulife Bank of Canada
                                   
Mortgages
  $ -     $ 9,245     $ 5,090     $ 78     $ 14,413  
Bank loans
    -       411       1,787       53       2,251  
Total
  $ -     $ 9,656     $ 6,877     $ 131     $ 16,664  
                                         
As at December 31, 2011
                                       
Manulife Bank of Canada
                                       
Mortgages
  $ -     $ 9,766     $ 3,605     $ 74     $ 13,445  
Bank loans
    -       414       1,840       34       2,288  
Total
  $ -     $ 10,180     $ 5,445     $ 108     $ 15,733  


Past due or credit impaired financial assets
The Company provides for credit risk by establishing allowances against the carrying value of impaired loans and recognizing impairment losses on AFS bonds. Impairment losses on AFS bonds are recognized in income on an individual basis when there is objective evidence of impairment. Impairment is considered to have occurred when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to contractual terms of the bond. In addition, the Company reports as an impairment certain declines in the fair value of bonds designated as FVTPL which it deems represent an impairment.

The following table summarizes the carrying value or impaired value, in the case of impaired bonds, of the Company’s financial assets that are considered past due or impaired.

   
Past due but not impaired
       
As at June 30, 2012
 
Less than 90 days
   
90 days and greater
   
Total
   
Total
impaired
 
Bonds
                       
     FVTPL
  $ 3     $ -     $ 3     $ 163  
     AFS
    21       -       21       40  
Loans
                               
     Private placements
    244       -       244       149  
     Mortgages and bank loans
    76       59       135       130  
Other financial assets
    15       52       67       2  
Total
  $ 359     $ 111     $ 470     $ 484  
                                 
As at December 31, 2011
                               
Bonds
                               
     FVTPL
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 166  
     AFS
    1       -       1       43  
Loans
                               
     Private placements
    117       -       117       182  
     Mortgages and bank loans
    139       67       206       91  
Other financial assets
    21       56       77       4  
Total
  $ 278     $ 123     $ 401     $ 486  

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
48

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s loans that are considered impaired.

Impaired loans
As at and for the six months ended
June 30, 2012
 
Recorded investment(1)
   
Unpaid principal balance
   
Related allowance
   
Average recorded investment(1)
   
Interest income recognized
 
Private placements
  $ 188     $ 284     $ 39     $ 208     $ -  
Mortgages and bank loans
    185       181       55       171       -  
Total
  $ 373     $ 465     $ 94     $ 379     $ -  
                                         
As at and for the year ended
December 31, 2011
                                       
Private placements
  $ 223     $ 336     $ 41     $ 251     $ -  
Mortgages and bank loans
    144       143       53       163       -  
Total
  $ 367     $ 479     $ 94     $ 414     $ -  

 (1)
Recorded investment is the carrying amount of the investment after any direct write-offs, but before deducting any related allowances for impairment.

Allowance for loan losses
 
 
For the three months ended June 30,
             
2012
               
2011
 
   
Mortgages and bank loans
   
Private placements
   
Total
   
Mortgages and bank loans
   
Private placements
   
Total
 
Balance, April 1
  $ 61     $ 40     $ 101     $ 40     $ 77     $ 117  
Provisions
    6       1       7       15       2       17  
Recoveries
    (4 )     -       (4 )     (13 )     (8 )     (21 )
Write-offs(1)
    (8 )     (2 )     (10 )     8       (22 )     (14 )
Balance, June 30
  $ 55     $ 39     $ 94     $ 50     $ 49     $ 99  
                                                 
For the six months ended June 30,
                    2012                       2011  
Balance, January 1
  $ 53     $ 41     $ 94     $ 34     $ 84     $ 118  
Provisions
    16       1       17       29       5       34  
Recoveries
    (6 )     -       (6 )     (14 )     (15 )     (29 )
Write-offs(1)
    (8 )     (3 )     (11 )     1       (25 )     (24 )
Balance, June 30
  $ 55     $ 39     $ 94     $ 50     $ 49     $ 99  
 
(1)  Includes disposals and impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Troubled debt restructurings
The Company may from time to time grant concessions or agree to modified terms with a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, which constitutes troubled debt restructurings. The revised terms of these troubled debt restructurings may include an extension of the maturity date, a reduced interest rate, a deferral of interest due, or covenant modifications and waivers. These loans are considered for impairment in accordance with the Company’s normal and customary credit review process, and any changes in terms from the restructurings are considered in determining whether any adjustments to allowances for credit losses are needed. Recording of impairment may not always be required, particularly if the loan has been impaired in a prior period. If the loan has been previously impaired and the Company expects the borrower to perform in accordance with the restructured terms, the resultant financial impact to the Company is generally not material.

For the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company had nine mortgages and one unsecured private placement modified in restructurings (2011 – one mortgage), with total pre-modification and post-modification recorded investment amounts of $85 and $79, respectively (2011 – $1 and $1 respectively).

Securities lending, repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions
The Company engages in securities lending to generate fee income. Collateral, which exceeds the market value of the loaned securities, is retained by the Company until the underlying security has been returned to the Company.  The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the underlying loaned securities fluctuates. As at June 30, 2012, the Company had loaned securities (which are included in invested assets) with a market value of $1,439 (December 31, 2011 – $1,274). The Company holds collateral with a current market value that exceeds the value of securities lent in all cases.

The Company engages in repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions to generate fee income and to take possession of securities to cover short positions in similar instruments.  As at June 30, 2012, the Company had engaged in reverse repurchase transactions of $472 (December 31, 2011 – $64) which are recorded as a short-term receivable.  There were outstanding repurchase agreements of $102 as at June 30, 2012 (December 31, 2011 – $624).
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
49

 

 

Credit default swaps
 
The Company replicates exposure to specific issuers by selling credit protection via credit default swaps (“CDSs”) in order to complement its cash bond investing.  The Company will not employ CDS to leverage in its CDS program and, therefore, will not write CDS protection in excess of its government bond holdings.  A CDS is a derivative instrument representing an agreement between two parties to exchange the credit risk of a single specified entity or an index based on the credit risk of a group of entities (all commonly referred to as the “reference entity” or a portfolio of “reference entities”), in return for a periodic premium.  CDS contracts typically have a five year term.

The following table provides details of the credit default swap protection sold by type of contract and external agency rating for the underlying reference security.

As at June 30, 2012
   
Notional amount(2)
   
Fair value
   
Weighted average maturity
(in years)(3)
 
Single name CDSs(1)
                   
Corporate debt
                   
AAA
    $ 25     $ 1       4  
AA
      87       2       4  
 A         122       2       5  
Total single name CDSs
    $ 234     $ 5       4  
Total CDS protection sold
    $ 234     $ 5       4  
                             
As at December 31, 2011
                         
Single name CDSs(1)
                         
Corporate debt
                         
AAA
    $ 25     $ 1       5  
AA
      87       2       5  
 A         107       1       5  
Total single name CDSs
    $ 219     $ 4       5  
Total CDS protection sold
    $ 219     $ 4       5  

 
(1)
The rating agency designations are based on S&P where available followed by Moody’s, DBRS and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, an internally developed rating is used.
 
(2)
Notional amounts represent the maximum future payments the Company would have to pay its counterparties assuming a default of the underlying credit and zero recovery on the underlying issuer obligation.
 
(3)
The weighted average maturity of the credit default swaps is weighted based on notional amounts.

The Company holds no purchased credit protection at June 30, 2012. At December 31, 2011 Company held purchased credit protection with a total notional amount of $32 and fair value of $(1). At December 31, 2011, the average credit rating of the counterparties guaranteeing the underlying credit was A+ and the weighted average maturity was 5 years.

Derivatives
The Company’s exposure to loss on derivatives is limited to the amount of any net gains that may have accrued with a particular counterparty. Gross derivative counterparty exposure is measured as the total fair value (including accrued interest) of all outstanding contracts in a gain position excluding any offsetting contracts in negative positions and the impact of collateral on hand.  The Company seeks to limit the risk of credit losses from derivative counterparties by: establishing a minimum acceptable counterparty credit rating of A- from external rating agencies; entering into master netting arrangements which permit the offsetting of contracts in a loss position in the case of a counterparty default; and entering into Credit Support Annex agreements, whereby collateral must be provided when the exposure exceeds a certain threshold. All contracts are held with counterparties rated A- or higher.  As at June 30, 2012, the percentage of the Company’s derivative exposure which was with counterparties rated AA- or higher amounted to 25 per cent (December 31, 2011 – 26 per cent). The Company’s exposure to credit risk was mitigated by $10,834 fair value of collateral held as security as at June 30, 2012 (December 31, 2011 – $8,922).

As at June 30, 2012, the largest single counterparty exposure, without taking into account the impact of master netting agreements or the benefit of collateral held, was $3,335 (December 31, 2011 – $3,029). The net exposure to this counterparty, after taking into account master netting agreements and the fair value of collateral held, was $2 (December 31, 2011 – $7). As at June 30, 2012, the total maximum credit exposure related to derivatives across all counterparties, without taking into account the impact of master netting agreements and the benefit of collateral held, was $17,263 (December 31, 2011 – $15,924). Net exposure across all counterparties, after taking into account master netting agreements and the benefit of fair value of collateral held, was $35 (December 31, 2011 – $293).



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
50

 


Note 9                  Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments measured at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used by the Company’s valuation techniques for determining the fair value of the financial instrument. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2011 Annual Report.

The following tables present the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value, categorized by level under the fair value hierarchy.
Fair value of financial instruments
                       
As at June 30, 2012
 
Total fair value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
ASSETS
                       
Cash and short-term securities
                       
FVTPL
  $ 622     $ -     $ 622     $ -  
AFS
    9,619       -       9,619       -  
Other
    2,767       2,767       -       -  
Bonds
                               
FVTPL
                               
   Canadian government & agency
    12,545       -       12,412       133  
   U.S. government & agency
    18,519       -       18,303       216  
   Other government & agency
    12,174       -       11,455       719  
   Corporate
    53,440       -       51,303       2,137  
   Residential mortgage/asset-backed securities
    235       -       14       221  
   Commercial mortgage/asset-backed securities
    2,099       -       1,895       204  
   Other securitized assets
    1,575       -       1,418       157  
AFS
                               
   Canadian government & agency
    4,299       -       3,847       452  
   U.S. government & agency
    8,310       -       8,308       2  
   Other government & agency
    1,956       -       1,882       74  
   Corporate
    5,068       -       4,873       195  
   Residential mortgage/asset-backed securities
    69       -       11       58  
   Commercial mortgage/asset-backed securities
    203       -       164       39  
   Other securitized assets
    200       -       155       45  
Stocks
                               
FVTPL
    9,201       9,201       -       -  
AFS
    1,516       1,506       -       10  
Other invested assets(1)
                               
Private stocks FVTPL
    4,379       1       -       4,378  
Private stocks AFS
    132       -       1       131  
Derivative assets
                               
Interest rate contracts
    16,326       -       16,176       150  
Foreign exchange contracts
    436       -       434       2  
Equity contracts
    5       -       1       4  
Credit default swaps
    5       -       5       -  
Segregated funds net assets(2)
    203,563       198,635       2,749       2,179  
Total assets carried at fair value
  $ 369,263     $ 212,110     $ 145,647     $ 11,506  
LIABILITIES
                               
Derivative liabilities
                               
Interest rate contracts
  $ 7,172     $ -     $ 7,119     $ 53  
Foreign exchange contracts
    778       -       739       39  
Equity contracts
    25       -       -       25  
Investment contract liabilities
    733       -       733       -  
Total liabilities carried at fair value
  $ 8,708     $ -     $ 8,591     $ 117  
 
 
(1)
Only private stocks that are carried at fair value are included.
 
(2)
Segregated funds net assets are recorded at fair value. Investment performance related to segregated funds net assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contract holders whose interest in the segregated funds net assets is recorded by the Company as segregated funds net liabilities.
 



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
51

 

Fair value of financial instruments
                       
As at December 31, 2011
 
Total fair value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
ASSETS
                       
Cash and short-term securities
                       
FVTPL
  $ 568     $ -     $ 568     $ -  
AFS
    8,473       -       8,473       -  
Other
    3,772       3,772       -       -  
Bonds
                               
FVTPL
                               
   Canadian government & agency
    11,030       -       10,813       217  
   U.S. government & agency
    20,108       -       19,895       213  
   Other government & agency
    10,318       -       9,650       668  
   Corporate
    53,091       -       51,090       2,001  
   Residential mortgage/asset-backed securities
    313       -       17       296  
   Commercial mortgage/asset-backed securities
    3,170       -       2,898       272  
   Other securitized assets
    1,652       -       1,505       147  
AFS
                               
   Canadian government & agency
    5,517       -       5,380       137  
   U.S. government & agency
    7,904       -       7,902       2  
   Other government & agency
    1,844       -       1,780       64  
   Corporate
    5,017       -       4,738       279  
   Residential mortgage/asset-backed securities
    94       -       13       81  
   Commercial mortgage/asset-backed securities
    240       -       194       46  
   Other securitized assets
    189       -       145       44  
Stocks
                               
FVTPL
    8,778       8,778       -       -  
AFS
    1,465       1,465       -       -  
Other invested assets(1)
                               
Private stocks FVTPL
    4,062       1       -       4,061  
Private stocks AFS
    121       -       1       120  
Derivative assets
                               
Interest rate contracts
    14,934       -       14,848       86  
Foreign exchange contracts
    531       -       530       1  
Equity contracts
    3       -       -       3  
Credit default swaps
    4               -       4  
Segregated funds net assets(2)
    196,058       191,336       2,534       2,188  
Total assets carried at fair value
  $ 359,256     $ 205,352     $ 142,974     $ 10,930  
LIABILITIES
                               
Derivative liabilities
                               
Interest rate contracts
  $ 6,824     $ -     $ 6,748     $ 76  
Foreign exchange contracts
    778       -       739       39  
Equity contracts
    24       -       -       24  
Credit default swaps
    1       -       -       1  
Investment contract liabilities
    748       -       748       -  
Total liabilities carried at fair value
  $ 8,375     $ -     $ 8,235     $ 140  


(1)
Only private stocks that are carried at fair value are included.
(2)
Segregated funds net assets are recorded at fair value. Investment performance related to segregated funds net assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contract holders whose interest in the segregated funds net assets is recorded by the Company as segregated funds net liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
 
The tables below provide a fair value roll forward for the financial instruments for which significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are used in the fair value measurement.  The Company classifies the fair values of financial instruments within Level 3 if there are no observable markets for the instruments or, in the absence of active markets, the majority of the inputs used to determine fair value are based on the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. The Company prioritizes the use of market-based inputs over entity-based assumptions in determining Level 3 fair values and, therefore, the gains and losses in the tables below include changes in fair value due partly to observable and unobservable factors.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
52

 

Roll forward of financial instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
 
The following table presents a roll forward for all financial instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended June 30, 2012:


         
Net realized / unrealized gains (losses) included in:
               
Transfers
                   
   
Balance
as at
April 1, 2012
   
Net income(1)
   
OCI(2)
   
Purchases
   
Sales
   
Into
 Level 3(3)
   
Out of Level 3(3)
   
Currency movement
   
Balance as at June 30, 2012
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on instruments still held
 
Bonds
                                                           
FVTPL
                                                           
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 219     $ 4     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (91 )   $ 1     $ 133     $ 4  
U.S. government & agency
    211       11       -       -       -       -       (9 )     3       216       11  
Other government & agency
    709       3       -       63       (8 )     -       (55 )     7       719       2  
Corporate
    1,955       42       -       224       (35 )     -       (92 )     43       2,137       50  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    269       12       -       -       (70 )     4       -       6       221       30  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    243       1       -       -       (42 )     -       (3 )     5       204       9  
Other securitized assets
    154       2       -       -       (2 )     -       -       3       157       6  
    $ 3,760     $ 75     $ -     $ 287     $ (157 )   $ 4     $ (250 )   $ 68     $ 3,787     $ 112  
AFS
                                                                               
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 280     $ -     $ 18     $ 201     $ (13 )   $ -     $ (35 )   $ 1     $ 452     $ -  
U.S. government & agency
    2       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       2       -  
Other government & agency
    65       -       1       9       -       -       -       (1 )     74       -  
Corporate
    271       (1 )     6       12       (83 )     -       (16 )     6       195       -  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    77       (2 )     7       -       (27 )     1       -       2       58       -  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    45       (3 )     3       -       (7 )     -       -       1       39       -  
Other securitized assets
    45       -       -       -       (1 )     -       -       1       45       -  
    $ 785     $ (6 )   $ 35     $ 222     $ (131 )   $ 1     $ (51 )   $ 10     $ 865     $ -  
                                                                                 
Stocks
                                                                               
AFS
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10     $ -  
Other invested assets
                                                                               
Private stocks FVTPL
    4,139       44       -       228       (102 )     -       -       69       4,378       26  
Private stocks AFS
    126       -       2       1       -       -       -       2       131       -  
    $ 4,265     $ 44     $ 2     $ 239     $ (102 )   $ -     $ -     $ 71     $ 4,519     $ 26  
Net derivatives
  $ (84 )   $ 59     $ (16 )   $ 13     $ 31     $ -     $ 31     $ 5     $ 39     $ 96  
Segregated funds net assets
    2,156       10       -       6       (37 )     1       -       43       2,179       (10 )
    $ 10,882     $ 182     $ 21     $ 767     $ (396 )   $ 6     $ (270 )   $ 197     $ 11,389     $ 224  
 
 
(1)
These amounts are included in investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Income, except for the segregated funds amount which is included in the Investment related section of the changes in net assets for segregated funds (note 15).
 
(2)
These amounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
(3)
For financial assets that are transferred into and/or out of Level 3, the Company uses the fair value of the assets at the beginning of the period.
 

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
53

 

The following table presents a roll forward for all financial instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended June 30, 2011:
 

         
Net realized / unrealized gains (losses) included in:
               
Transfers
                   
   
Balance
as at
April 1, 2011
   
Net income(1)
   
OCI(2)
   
Purchases
   
Sales
   
Into
 Level 3(3)
   
Out of Level 3(3)
   
Currency movement
   
Balance as at June 30, 2011
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on instruments still held
 
Bonds
                                                           
FVTPL
                                                           
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 155     $ 3     $ -     $ 25     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 183     $ 3  
U.S. government & agency
    119       5       -       5       -       -       (26 )     (1 )     102       5  
Other government & agency
    603       12       -       38       (15 )     1       -       (5 )     634       11  
Corporate
    1,581       4       -       264       (88 )     57       (52 )     6       1,772       (6 )
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    347       1       -       -       (19 )     5       -       (3 )     331       (1 )
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    419       (3 )     -       -       (21 )     -       -       (4 )     391       (2 )
Other securitized assets
    161       9       -       -       (20 )     -       1       (1 )     150       16  
    $ 3,385     $ 31     $ -     $ 332     $ (163 )   $ 63     $ (77 )   $ (8 )   $ 3,563     $ 26  
AFS
                                                                               
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 33     $ -     $ -     $ 312     $ -     $ 14     $ -     $ (1 )   $ 358     $ -  
U.S. government & agency
    5       -       -       -       -       -       (2 )     -       3       -  
Other government & agency
    60       -       -       11       (13 )     3       -       (1 )     60       -  
Corporate
    269       -       1       42       (66 )     46       -       1       293       -  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    90       -       1       -       (5 )     2       -       (1 )     87       -  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    71       (1 )     2       -       (11 )     -       -       -       61       -  
Other securitized assets
    38       (7 )     10       -       (1 )     -       -       -       40       -  
    $ 566     $ (8 )   $ 14     $ 365     $ (96 )   $ 65     $ (2 )   $ (2 )   $ 902     $ -  
Other invested assets
                                                                               
Private stocks FVTPL
  $ 3,258     $ 96     $ -     $ 185     $ (96 )   $ -     $ (3 )   $ (4 )   $ 3,436     $ 83  
Private stocks AFS
    101       -       9       1       -                       -       111       -  
    $ 3,359     $ 96     $ 9     $ 186     $ (96 )   $ -     $ (3 )   $ (4 )   $ 3,547     $ 83  
Net derivatives
  $ (11 )   $ 2     $ 6     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 1     $ (2 )   $ (4 )   $ -  
Segregated funds net assets
    2,047       28       -       8       (10 )     -       -       (17 )     2,056       32  
    $ 9,346     $ 149     $ 29     $ 891     $ (365 )   $ 128     $ (81 )   $ (33 )   $ 10,064     $ 141  

(1)
These amounts are included in investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Income, except for the segregated funds amount which is included in the Investment related section of the changes in net assets for segregated funds (note 15).
 
(2)
These amounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
(3)
For financial assets that are transferred into and/or out of Level 3, the Company uses the fair value of the assets at the beginning of the period.
 

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
54

 

 
The following table presents a roll forward for all financial instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the six months ended June 30, 2012:


         
Net realized / unrealized gains (losses) included in:
               
Transfers
                   
   
Balance
as at January 1,
2012
   
Net income(1)
   
OCI(2)
   
Purchases
   
Sales
   
Into
 Level 3(3)
   
Out of Level 3(3)
   
Currency movement
   
Balance as at June 30, 2012
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on instruments still held
 
Bonds
                                                           
FVTPL
                                                           
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 217     $ (1 )   $ -     $ 38     $ -     $ -     $ (121 )   $ -     $ 133     $ (1 )
U.S. government & agency
    213       12       -       -       -       -       (9 )     -       216       12  
Other government & agency
    668       13       -       117       (26 )     -       (55 )     2       719       13  
Corporate
    2,001       61       -       357       (114 )     27       (176 )     (19 )     2,137       51  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    296       27       -       -       (102 )     4       (4 )     -       221       62  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    272       9       -       -       (74 )     -       (3 )     -       204       23  
Other securitized assets
    147       14       -       -       (4 )     -       -       -       157       20  
    $ 3,814     $ 135     $ -     $ 512     $ (320 )   $ 31     $ (368 )   $ (17 )   $ 3,787     $ 180  
AFS
                                                                               
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 137     $ 7     $ 7     $ 385     $ (49 )   $ -     $ (35 )   $ -     $ 452     $ -  
U.S. government & agency
    2       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       2       -  
Other government & agency
    64       -       1       9       -       -       -       -       74       -  
Corporate
    279       -       (1 )     24       (86 )     -       (18 )     (3 )     195       -  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    81       (11 )     23       -       (35 )     1       (1 )     -       58       -  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    46       (3 )     4       -       (8 )     -       -       -       39       -  
Other securitized assets
    44       (1 )     4       -       (2 )     -       -       -       45       -  
    $ 653     $ (8 )   $ 38     $ 418     $ (180 )   $ 1     $ (54 )   $ (3 )   $ 865     $ -  
 Stocks
                                                                               
 AFS
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10     $ -  
Other invested assets
                                                                               
Private stocks FVTPL
    4,061       57       -       422       (171 )     -       -       9       4,378       13  
Private stocks AFS
    120       -       10       1       -       -       -       -       131       -  
    $ 4,181     $ 57     $ 10     $ 433     $ (171 )   $ -     $ -     $ 9     $ 4,519     $ 13  
Net derivatives
  $ (46 )   $ 69     $ 18     $ 22     $ 2     $ -     $ (26 )   $ -     $ 39     $ 112  
Segregated funds net assets
    2,188       25       -       16       (55 )     1       -       4       2,179       6  
    $ 10,790     $ 278     $ 66     $ 1,401     $ (724 )   $ 33     $ (448 )   $ (7 )   $ 11,389     $ 311  
 
(1)
These amounts are included in investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Income, except for the segregated funds amount which is included in the Investment related section of the changes in net assets for segregated funds (note 15).
 
(2)
These amounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
(3)
For financial assets that are transferred into and/or out of Level 3, the Company uses the fair value of the assets at the beginning of the period.
 

 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
55

 

 
The following table presents a roll forward for all financial instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the six months ended June 30, 2011:


         
Net realized / unrealized gains (losses) included in:
               
Transfers
                   
   
Balance
as at January 1,
2011
   
Net income(1)
   
OCI(2)
   
Purchases
   
Sales
   
Into
 Level 3(3)
   
Out of Level 3(3)
   
Currency movement
   
Balance as at June 30, 2011
   
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on instruments still held
 
Bonds
                                                           
FVTPL
                                                           
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 160     $ (1 )   $ -     $ 25     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (1 )   $ 183     $ (1 )
U.S. government & agency
    164       5       -       11       (32 )     -       (42 )     (4 )     102       2  
Other government & agency
    597       9       -       66       (25 )     1       -       (14 )     634       9  
Corporate
    1,705       20       -       356       (255 )     57       (66 )     (45 )     1,772       7  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    360       19       -       -       (41 )     5       -       (12 )     331       17  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    430       15       -       -       (40 )     -       -       (14 )     391       20  
Other securitized assets
    160       21       -       -       (21 )     -       (5 )     (5 )     150       28  
    $ 3,576     $ 88     $ -     $ 458     $ (414 )   $ 63     $ (113 )   $ (95 )   $ 3,563     $ 82  
AFS
                                                                               
Canadian government
   & agency
  $ 34     $ -     $ -     $ 312     $ -     $ 14     $ -     $ (2 )   $ 358     $ -  
U.S. government & agency
    5       -       -       -       -       -       (2 )     -       3       -  
Other government & agency
    60       -       -       11       (13 )     3       -       (1 )     60       -  
Corporate
    259       -       -       61       (66 )     46       -       (7 )     293       -  
Residential mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    93       -       6       -       (11 )     2       -       (3 )     87       -  
Commercial mortgage/asset-
   backed securities
    72       (2 )     4       -       (11 )     -       -       (2 )     61       -  
Other securitized assets
    52       (7 )     12       -       (1 )     -       (15 )     (1 )     40       -  
    $ 575     $ (9 )   $ 22     $ 384     $ (102 )   $ 65     $ (17 )   $ (16 )   $ 902     $ -  
Other invested assets
                                                                               
Private stocks FVTPL
  $ 3,282     $ 60     $ -     $ 335     $ (174 )   $ -     $ (3 )   $ (64 )   $ 3,436     $ 45  
Private stocks AFS
    80             7       49       (24 )      -        -       (1 )     111       -  
    $ 3,362     $ 60     $ 7     $ 384     $ (198 )   $ -     $ (3 )   $ (65 )   $ 3,547     $ 45  
Net derivatives
  $ (2 )   $ 3     $ 2     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (7 )   $ (4 )   $ 10  
Segregated funds net assets
    2,121       10       -       13       (23 )     -       -       (65 )     2,056       14  
    $ 9,632     $ 152     $ 31     $ 1,239     $ (737 )   $ 128     $ (133 )   $ (248 )   $ 10,064     $ 151  
 
(1)
These amounts are included in investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Income, except for the segregated funds amount which is included in the Investment related section of the changes in net assets for segregated funds (note 15).
 
(2)
These amounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 
(3)
For financial assets that are transferred into and/or out of Level 3, the Company uses the fair value of the assets at the beginning of the period.
 
 
The Company may hedge positions with offsetting positions that are classified in a different level. For example, the gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the tables above may not reflect the effect of offsetting gains and losses on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Company in the Level 1 and Level 2 categories.

The transfers into Level 3 primarily result from securities that were impaired during the period or securities where a lack of observable market data (versus the previous period) resulted in reclassifying assets into Level 3.  The transfers from Level 3 primarily result from observable market data now being available from the entire term structure of the bond, thus eliminating the need to extrapolate market data beyond observable points.
 
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
56

 



Note 10    Liabilities for Preferred Shares and Capital Instruments

   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
As at
 
2012
   
2011
 
Preferred shares – Class A Shares, Series 1
  $ 344     $ 344  
Manulife Financial Capital Securities – Series A
    -       60  
Manulife Financial Capital Securities – Series B
    -       940  
Manulife Financial Capital Trust II Notes – Series 1
    994       993  
Surplus notes – 7.375% U.S. dollar
    482       481  
Subordinated notes – 4.21% fixed/floating Canadian dollar
    548       547  
Subordinated debentures – 5.059% fixed/floating Canadian dollar
    646       647  
Subordinated debentures – 4.165% fixed/floating Canadian dollar
    497       -  
Total
  $ 3,511     $ 4,012  
Fair value
  $ 3,658     $ 4,077  


The fair value of liability instruments is determined using quoted market prices.

The carrying value of the surplus notes reflects an unamortized fair value increment of US$37 (December 31, 2011 – US$39), which arose as a result of the acquisition of John Hancock Financial Services, Inc. The amortization of the fair value adjustment is recorded in interest expense.

Issue costs are amortized over the term of the underlying instruments.

On February 17, 2012, MLI issued $500 in subordinated fixed/floating debentures, which mature June 1, 2022. The debentures are guaranteed by MFC on a subordinated basis. The debentures bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.165% per annum, payable semi-annually for five years and thereafter at the 90-day Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus 2.45%, payable quarterly.  With regulatory approval, MLI may redeem the debentures, in whole or in part, on or after June 1, 2017, at par, together with accrued and unpaid interest.  The subordinated debentures form part of the Company’s Tier 2B regulatory capital.

On June 30, 2012 Manulife Financial Capital Trust (the “Trust”), a subsidiary of MFC, redeemed all of its outstanding $60 million principal amount of Manulife Financial Capital Securities – Series A and all of its outstanding $940 million principal amount of Manulife Financial Capital Securities – Series B at par plus unpaid indicated yield accrued to the date of redemption.


Note 11                 Share Capital

As at June 30, 2012, there were 37 million outstanding stock options and deferred share units that entitle the holder to receive common shares or payment in cash or common shares, at the option of the holder (December 31, 2011 – 38 million).


 
For the
 
six months ended
   
year ended
 
Number of common shares (in millions)
 
June 30, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Balance, beginning of period
    1,801       1,778  
Issued under dividend reinvestment and share purchase plans
    14       23  
Balance, end of period
    1,815       1,801  

 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
57

 

The following is a reconciliation of the denominator (number of shares) in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
 

   
three months ended
   
six months ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
For the
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Weighted average number of common shares (in millions)
    1,808       1,783       1,805       1,781  
Dilutive stock-based awards(1) (in millions)
    -       3       2       3  
Dilutive convertible instruments(2) (in millions)
    -       85       117       82  
Weighted average number of diluted common shares3 (in millions)
    1,808       1,871       1,924       1,866  

 
(1)
The dilutive effect of stock-based awards was calculated using the treasury stock method.  This method calculates the number of incremental shares by assuming the outstanding stock-based awards are (i) exercised and (ii) then reduced by the number of shares assumed to be repurchased from the issuance proceeds, using the average market price of MFC common shares for the period.
 
(2)
The holders of the convertible preferred shares have the right to redeem these instruments for MFC shares prior to the conversion date. Prior to the redemption of the MaCS series A and B, the holders had the right to redeem those instruments for MFC shares.
 
(3)
 For the three months ended June 30, 2012, the dilutive effect calculation utilizes the basic weighted average number of common shares because the loss for the period results in all awards being anti-dilutive.
 

Preferred shares
On May 24, 2012, MFC issued 10 million Class 1 Shares Series 9 (“Class 1 Series 9 Preferred Shares”) at a price of $25 per share, for an aggregate amount of $250.  The Class 1 Series 9 Preferred Shares are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable quarterly, if and when declared, at a per annum rate of 4.40% until September 19, 2017 after which the dividend rate will be reset every five years at a rate equal to the five year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.86%.  On September 19, 2017 and on September 19 every five years thereafter, the Class 1 Series 9 Preferred Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder into Class 1 Shares Series 10 (“Class 1 Series 10 Preferred Shares”).  The Class 1 Series 10 Preferred Shares are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable quarterly, if and when declared, at a rate equal to the three month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.86%.  Subject to regulatory approval, MFC may redeem Class 1 Series 9 Preferred Shares, in whole or in part, at par, on September 19, 2017 and on September 19 every five years thereafter.

On February 22, 2012, MFC issued 10 million Class 1 Shares Series 7 (“Class 1 Series 7 Preferred Shares”) at a price of $25 per share, for an aggregate amount of $250.  The Class 1 Series 7 Preferred Shares are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable quarterly, if and when declared, at a per annum rate of 4.60% until March 19, 2017 after which the dividend rate will be reset every five years at a rate equal to the five year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.13%.  On March 19, 2017 and on March 19 every five years thereafter, the Class 1 Series 7 Preferred Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder into Class 1 Shares Series 8 (“Class 1 Series 8 Preferred Shares”).  The Class 1 Series 8 Preferred Shares are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable quarterly, if and when declared, at a rate equal to the three month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 3.13%.  Subject to regulatory approval, MFC may redeem Class 1 Series 7 Preferred Shares, in whole or in part, at par, on March 19, 2017 and on March 19 every five years thereafter.


Note 12                 Employee Future Benefits
 
The Company maintains a number of pension plans, both defined benefit and defined contribution, and post-employment benefit plans for its eligible employees and agents.  Information about the cost of the Company’s pension and benefit plans, in aggregate, is as follows:


   
Pension benefits
   
Post-employment benefits
 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Defined benefit current service cost
  $ 13     $ 13     $ 2     $ 3  
Past service cost
    -       -       (1 )     (3 )
Defined contribution current service cost
    17       17       -       -  
Interest cost
    41       43       8       9  
Expected return on plan assets
    (43 )     (45 )     (6 )     (6 )
Amortization of actuarial losses
    39       16       -       -  
Total
  $ 67     $ 44     $ 3     $ 3  
                                 
For the six months ended June 30,
                               
Defined benefit current service cost
  $ 27     $ 26     $ 5     $ 6  
Past service cost
    -       -       (2 )     (6 )
Defined contribution current service cost
    40       38       -       -  
Interest cost
    82       87       16       18  
Expected return on plan assets
    (87 )     (92 )     (11 )     (12 )
Amortization of actuarial losses
    77       31       1       4  
Total
  $ 139     $ 90     $ 9     $ 10  




 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
58

 

 
 
Note 13                 Commitments and Contingencies
 
(a)           Legal proceedings
The Company is regularly involved in legal actions, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The legal actions naming the Company as a defendant ordinarily involve its activities as a provider of insurance protection and wealth management products, as well as an investment adviser, employer and taxpayer.  In addition, government and regulatory bodies in Canada, the United States and Asia regularly make inquiries and, from time to time, require the production of information or conduct examinations concerning the Company's compliance with, among other things, insurance laws, securities laws, and laws governing the activities of broker-dealers.

A class action covering Quebec residents only is pending in Quebec against the Company and proposed class action lawsuits against the Company have been filed in Ontario and the United States, on behalf of investors in Canada (except for Quebec residents) and the United States, respectively.  These proceedings are based on allegations that the Company failed to meet its disclosure obligations related to its exposure to market price risk in its segregated funds and variable annuity guaranteed products. The Company may become subject to other similar lawsuits by investors.

The Company believes that its disclosure satisfied applicable disclosure requirements and intends to vigorously defend itself against any claims based on these allegations.

(b)
Guarantees
Guarantees regarding Manulife Finance (Delaware), L.P. (“MFLP”)
MFC has guaranteed the payment of amounts on the $550 senior debentures due December 15, 2026 and the $650 subordinated debentures due December 15, 2041 issued by MFLP, a wholly owned partnership.

Guarantees regarding The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company
On January 29, 2007, MFC provided a subordinated guarantee of Class A Shares and Class B Shares of MLI and any other class of preferred shares that rank on a parity with Class A Shares or Class B Shares of MLI.  On November 18, 2011, MFC provided a subordinated guarantee of the $550 subordinated debentures issued by MLI on November 18, 2011.  On February 17, 2012, MFC provided a subordinated guarantee of the $500 subordinated debentures issued by MLI on February 17, 2012.



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
59

 

 
The following table sets forth certain condensed consolidating financial information for MFC:
 

For the three months ended June 30, 2012
 
MFC
(Guarantor)
   
Manulife Finance (Delaware), L.P.
   
MLI consolidated
   
Other subsidiaries of MFC on a combined basis
   
Consolidating adjustments
   
Total consolidated amounts
 
Total revenue
  $ 85     $ 17     $ 10,925     $ 1,575     $ (1,306 )   $ 11,296  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
    (300 )     1       (257 )     (73 )     329       (300 )
                                                 
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                                               
Total revenue
  $ 84     $ 13     $ 10,551     $ 737     $ (620 )   $ 10,765  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
    490       (1 )     596       (122 )     (473 )     490  
                                                 
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
                                               
Total revenue
  $ 164     $ 34     $ 14,691     $ 1,440     $ (1,216 )   $ 15,113  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
    906       3       1,128       (263 )     (868 )     906  
                                                 
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                                               
Total revenue
  $ 167     $ 29     $ 17,492     $ 1,159     $ (1,018 )   $ 17,829  
Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders
    1,475       (6 )     1,532       (78 )     (1,448 )     1,475  
                                                 
As at June 30, 2012
                                               
Invested assets
  $ 99     $ 10     $ 224,129     $ 3,701     $ -     $ 227,939  
Total other assets
    39,494       1,622       59,475       26,268       (78,754 )     48,105  
Segregated funds net assets
    -       -       203,563       -       -       203,563  
Insurance contract liabilities
    -       -       197,498       12,699       (11,547 )     198,650  
Investment contract liabilities
    -       -       2,509       -       -       2,509  
Segregated funds net liabilities
    -       -       203,563       -       -       203,563  
Total other liabilities
    14,222       1,482       52,549       16,860       (36,313 )     48,800  
                                                 
As at December 31, 2011
                                               
Invested assets
  $ 58     $ 7     $ 222,958     $ 3,497     $ -     $ 226,520  
Total other assets
    29,863       1,631       49,325       9,323       (50,618 )     39,524  
Segregated funds net assets
    -       -       196,058       -       -       196,058  
Insurance contract liabilities
    -       -       189,359       11,642       (10,635 )     190,366  
Investment contract liabilities
    -       -       2,540       -       -       2,540  
Segregated funds net liabilities
    -       -       196,058       -       -       196,058  
Total other liabilities
    5,706       1,491       51,095       507       (10,540 )     48,259  

Guarantees regarding John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.) and John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York
 
Details of guarantees regarding certain securities issued or to be issued by John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.) and John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York are outlined in note 16.


Note 14                 Segmented Information


The Company’s reporting segments are the Asia, Canada and U.S. Divisions and the Corporate and Other segment. Each division has profit and loss responsibility and develops products, services and distribution strategies based on the profile of its business and the needs of its market.  The significant product and service offerings of each segment are:

Protection (U.S., Asia and Canada Divisions).  Offers a variety of individual life insurance and individual and group long-term care insurance.  Products are distributed through multiple distribution channels, including insurance agents, brokers, banks, financial planners, and direct marketing.

Wealth Management (U.S., Asia and Canada Divisions).  Offers annuities, pension contracts, and mutual fund products and services. These businesses also offer a variety of retirement products to group benefit plans. Annuity contracts provide non-guaranteed, partially guaranteed and fully guaranteed investment options through general and separate account products.  The Canadian Wealth Management business also includes Manulife Bank of Canada, which offers a variety of deposit and credit products to Canadian customers.  These businesses distribute products through multiple distribution channels, including insurance agents and brokers affiliated with the Company, securities brokerage firms, financial planners, pension plan sponsors, pension plan consultants, and banks.

Corporate and Other Segment.  Comprised of the Investment Division’s external asset management business, earnings on assets backing capital, net of amounts allocated to operating divisions, changes in actuarial methods and assumptions, the property and casualty and run-off reinsurance operations and other non-operating items.   

Effective January 1, 2012, the Company combined its U.S. Insurance and U.S. Wealth Management segments into one reportable segment, the U.S. Division.  This change was made to better align with the management of the division.  Prior periods have been restated to conform to this presentation.


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
60

 

Certain allocation methodologies are employed in the preparation of segmented financial information.  Indirect expenses are allocated to business segments using allocation formulas applied on a consistent basis, while capital is apportioned to the Company's business segments using a risk-based methodology.  The income statement impact of changes in actuarial methods and assumptions (note 7) is reported in the Corporate and Other segment.


By segment
                             
For the three months ended
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Corporate
       
June 30, 2012
 
Division
   
Division
   
Division
   
and Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,512     $ 799     $ 1,382     $ 26     $ 3,719  
Annuities and pensions
    337       109       294       -       740  
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 1,849     $ 908     $ 1,676     $ 26     $ 4,459  
Premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance (note 6)
    -       -       (5,428 )     -       (5,428 )
Net investment income
    620       2,010       7,073       517       10,220  
Other revenue
    229       893       910       13       2,045  
Total revenue
  $ 2,698     $ 3,811     $ 4,231     $ 556     $ 11,296  
Contract benefits and expenses
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,417     $ 1,616     $ 5,153     $ 899     $ 9,085  
Annuities and pensions
    1,014       1,017       (2,105 )     -       (74 )
Net benefits and claims
  $ 2,431     $ 2,633     $ 3,048     $ 899     $ 9,011  
Interest expense
    18       112       12       172       314  
Other expenses
    572       773       922       185       2,452  
Total contract benefits and expenses
  $ 3,021     $ 3,518     $ 3,982     $ 1,256     $ 11,777  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (323 )   $ 293     $ 249     $ (700 )   $ (481 )
Income tax recovery (expense)
    (24 )     (60 )     (72 )     350       194  
Net income (loss)
  $ (347 )   $ 233     $ 177     $ (350 )   $ (287 )
Less net income (loss) attributed to:
                                       
     Participating policyholders
    (41 )     10       -       -       (31 )
     Non-controlling interest
    9       -       -       35       44  
Net income (loss) attributed to
   shareholders
  $ (315 )   $ 223     $ 177     $ (385 )   $ (300 )

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
61

 


 
By segment
                             
For the three months ended
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Corporate
       
June 30, 2011
 
Division
   
Division
   
Division
   
and Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,166     $ 825     $ 1,313     $ 148     $ 3,452  
Annuities and pensions
    221       157       352       -       730  
Net premium income
  $ 1,387     $ 982     $ 1,665     $ 148     $ 4,182  
Net investment income
    498       1,284       2,750       343       4,875  
Other revenue
    216       504       903       85       1,708  
Total revenue
  $ 2,101     $ 2,770     $ 5,318     $ 576     $ 10,765  
Contract benefits and expenses
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,206     $ 1,080     $ 2,391     $ 708     $ 5,385  
Annuities and pensions
    398       593       1,332       -       2,323  
Net benefits and claims
  $ 1,604     $ 1,673     $ 3,723     $ 708     $ 7,708  
Interest expense
    15       83       68       161       327  
Other expenses
    449       709       903       137       2,198  
Total contract benefits and expenses
  $ 2,068     $ 2,465     $ 4,694     $ 1,006     $ 10,233  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 33     $ 305     $ 624     $ (430 )   $ 532  
Income tax recovery (expense)
    (3 )     (36 )     (195 )     197       (37 )
Net income (loss)
  $ 30     $ 269     $ 429     $ (233 )   $ 495  
Less net income (loss) attributed to:
                                       
     Participating policyholders
    (4 )     5       -               1  
     Non-controlling interest
    6       -       -       (2 )     4  
Net income (loss) attributed to
   shareholders
  $ 28     $ 264     $ 429     $ (231 )   $ 490  




By segment
                             
For the six months ended
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Corporate
       
June 30, 2012
 
Division
   
Division
   
Division
   
and Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,938     $ 1,479     $ 2,724     $ 51     $ 7,192  
Annuities and pensions
    817       297       657       -       1,771  
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 3,755     $ 1,776     $ 3,381     $ 51     $ 8,963  
Premiums ceded relating to FDS coinsurance (note 6)
    -       -       (5,428 )     -       (5,428 )
Net investment income (loss)
    1,186       2,046       4,783       (272 )     7,743  
Other revenue
    468       1,444       1,812       111       3,835  
Total revenue
  $ 5,409     $ 5,266     $ 4,548     $ (110 )   $ 15,113  
Contract benefits and expenses
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,853     $ 2,335     $ 5,193     $ 865     $ 11,246  
Annuities and pensions
    636       621       (3,596 )     -       (2,339 )
Net benefits and claims
  $ 3,489     $ 2,956     $ 1,597     $ 865     $ 8,907  
Interest expense
    35       192       22       353       602  
Other expenses
    1,077       1,530       1,847       341       4,795  
Total contract benefits and expenses
  $ 4,601     $ 4,678     $ 3,466     $ 1,559     $ 14,304  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 808     $ 588     $ 1,082     $ (1,669 )   $ 809  
Income tax recovery (expense)
    (23 )     (34 )     (331 )     522       134  
Net income (loss)
  $ 785     $ 554     $ 751     $ (1,147 )   $ 943  
Less net income (loss) attributed to:
                                       
     Participating policyholders
    (30 )     14       -       -       (16 )
     Non-controlling interest
    19       -       -       34       53  
Net income (loss) attributed to
   shareholders
  $ 796     $ 540     $ 751     $ (1,181 )   $ 906  

 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
62

 


 
By segment
                             
For the six months ended
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Corporate
       
June 30, 2011
 
Division
   
Division
   
Division
   
and Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,294     $ 1,612     $ 2,811     $ 328     $ 7,045  
Annuities and pensions
    383       412       862       -       1,657  
Net premium income
  $ 2,677     $ 2,024     $ 3,673     $ 328     $ 8,702  
Net investment income
    643       1,590       3,378       44       5,655  
Other revenue
    452       1,058       1,793       169       3,472  
Total revenue
  $ 3,772     $ 4,672     $ 8,844     $ 541     $ 17,829  
Contract benefits and expenses
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,049     $ 1,464     $ 3,450     $ 1,102     $ 8,065  
Annuities and pensions
    415       693       1,799       -       2,907  
Net benefits and claims
  $ 2,464     $ 2,157     $ 5,249     $ 1,102     $ 10,972  
Interest expense
    32       145       80       351       608  
Other expenses
    860       1,448       1,840       273       4,421  
Total contract benefits and expenses
  $ 3,356     $ 3,750     $ 7,169     $ 1,726     $ 16,001  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 416     $ 922     $ 1,675     $ (1,185 )   $ 1,828  
Income tax recovery (expense)
    (33 )     (142 )     (531 )     362       (344 )
Net income (loss)
  $ 383     $ 780     $ 1,144     $ (823 )   $ 1,484  
Less net income (loss) attributed to:
                                       
     Participating policyholders
    (7 )     7       -       -       -  
     Non-controlling interest
    11       -       -       (2 )     9  
Net income (loss) attributed to
   shareholders
  $ 379     $ 773     $ 1,144     $ (821 )   $ 1,475  

The results of the Company’s business segments differ from geographic segmentation primarily as a consequence of segmenting the results of the Company’s Corporate and Other segment into the different geographic segments to which its businesses pertain.


By geographic location
                             
For the three months ended
                             
June 30, 2012
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,526     $ 680     $ 1,384     $ 129     $ 3,719  
Annuities and pensions
    337       109       294       -       740  
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 1,863     $ 789     $ 1,678     $ 129     $ 4,459  
Premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance (note 6)
    -       -       (5,428 )     -       (5,428 )
Net investment income
    941       1,946       7,289       44       10,220  
Other revenue
    253       831       949       12       2,045  
Total revenue
  $ 3,057     $ 3,566     $ 4,488     $ 185     $ 11,296  
                                         
June 30, 2011
                                       
Revenue
                                       
Premium income
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 1,178     $ 720     $ 1,427     $ 127     $ 3,452  
Annuities and pensions
    221       157       352       -       730  
Net premium income
  $ 1,399     $ 877     $ 1,779     $ 127     $ 4,182  
Net investment income
    539       1,412       2,869       55       4,875  
Other revenue
    220       526       956       6       1,708  
Total revenue
  $ 2,158     $ 2,815     $ 5,604     $ 188     $ 10,765  
 
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
63

 


By geographic location
                             
For the six months ended
                             
June 30, 2012
 
Asia
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Other
   
Total
 
Revenue
                             
Premium income
                             
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,965     $ 1,249     $ 2,728     $ 250     $ 7,192  
Annuities and pensions
    817       297       657       -       1,771  
Net premium income prior to FDA coinsurance
  $ 3,782     $ 1,546     $ 3,385     $ 250     $ 8,963  
Premiums ceded relating to FDA coinsurance (note 6)
    -       -       (5,428 )     -       (5,428 )
Net investment income
    998       2,010       4,693       42       7,743  
Other revenue
    500       1,436       1,880       19       3,835  
Total revenue
  $ 5,280     $ 4,992     $ 4,530     $ 311     $ 15,113  
                                         
June 30, 2011
                                       
Revenue
                                       
Premium income
                                       
Life and health insurance
  $ 2,318     $ 1,396     $ 3,034     $ 297     $ 7,045  
Annuities and pensions
    383       412       862       -       1,657  
Net premium income
  $ 2,701     $ 1,808     $ 3,896     $ 297     $ 8,702  
Net investment income
    523       1,745       3,319       68       5,655  
Other revenue
    452       1,123       1,878       19       3,472  
Total revenue
  $ 3,676     $ 4,676     $ 9,093     $ 384     $ 17,829  



Note 15                  Segregated Funds

Net assets

As at
 
June 30,
2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Investments, at market value
           
    Cash and short-term securities
  $ 1,490     $ 1,888  
    Bonds
    1,022       1,000  
    Stocks and mutual funds
    198,691       190,926  
    Other investments
    2,519       2,430  
Accrued investment income
    64       75  
Other liabilities, net
    (223 )     (261 )
Total segregated funds net assets
  $ 203,563     $ 196,058  


Changes in net assets
   
three months ended
June 30
   
six months ended
June 30
 
For the
 
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Net policyholder cash flow
                       
Deposits from policyholders
  $ 5,623     $ 5,086     $ 11,917     $ 11,005  
Net transfers to general fund
    (229 )     (64 )     (387 )     (22 )
Payments to policyholders
    (5,801 )     (5,502 )     (11,862 )     (11,341 )
    $ (407 )   $ (480 )   $ (332 )   $ (358 )
Investment related
                               
Interest and dividends
  $ 452     $ 392     $ 789     $ 692  
Net realized and unrealized investment gains
    (5,360 )     (408 )     8,923       5,836  
    $ (4,908 )   $ (16 )   $ 9,712     $ 6,528  
Other
                               
Management and administration fees
  $ (843 )   $ (828 )   $ (1,799 )   $ (1,742 )
Impact of changes in foreign exchange rates
    3,768       (770 )     (76 )     (4,751 )
    $ 2,925     $ (1,598 )   $ (1,875 )   $ (6,493 )
Net additions
  $ (2,390 )   $ (2,094 )   $ 7,505     $ (323 )
Segregated funds net assets, beginning of period
    205,953       200,891       196,058       199,120  
Segregated funds net assets, end of period
  $ 203,563     $ 198,797     $ 203,563     $ 198,797  
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
64

 


 
 Note 16  Information Provided in Connection with Investments in Deferred Annuity Contracts and SignatureNotes Issued or Assumed by John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.) and Fixed Investments in Deferred Annuity Contracts to be Issued by John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York

The following condensed consolidating financial information, presented in accordance with IFRS, have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements with respect to John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.) (“JHUSA”) and John Hancock Life Insurance Company of New York (“JHNY”) in compliance with Regulation S-X and Rule 12h-5 of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). These financial statements are (i) incorporated by reference in the registration statements of MFC, JHUSA and JHNY that relate to MFC’s guarantee of certain securities to be issued by its subsidiaries and (ii) are provided in reliance on an exemption from continuous disclosure obligations of JHUSA and JHNY.  For information about these subsidiaries, the MFC guarantees and restrictions on the ability of MFC to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan refer to note 24 of the Company’s 2011 annual financial statements.


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Financial Position
                         
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
   
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
As at June 30, 2012
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Assets
                                   
Invested assets
  $ 99     $ 86,367     $ 10,597     $ 131,436     $ (560 )   $ 227,939  
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries
    30,960       3,845       1       19,341       (54,147 )     -  
Reinsurance assets
    -       28,762       1,235       3,859       (17,308 )     16,548  
Other assets
    8,534       23,286       1,144       35,854       (37,261 )     31,557  
Segregated fund net assets
    -       125,875       7,482       72,120       (1,914 )     203,563  
Total assets
  $ 39,593     $ 268,135     $ 20,459     $ 262,610     $ (111,190 )   $ 479,607  
Liabilities and equity
                                               
Insurance contract liabilities
  $ -     $ 109,026     $ 7,339     $ 100,236     $ (17,951 )   $ 198,650  
Investment contract liabilities and deposits
    -       1,437       98       1,372       (398 )     2,509  
Other liabilities
    8,972       19,421       3,883       41,765       (34,253 )     39,788  
Long-term debt
    4,906       -       -       687       (92 )     5,501  
Liabilities for preferred shares and
   capital instruments
    344       1,033       -       12,503       (10,369 )     3,511  
Segregated fund net liabilities
    -       125,875       7,482       72,120       (1,914 )     203,563  
Shareholders' equity
    25,371       11,343       1,657       33,334       (46,334 )     25,371  
Participating policyholders' equity
    -       -       -       233       -       233  
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
    -       -       -       360       121       481  
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 39,593     $ 268,135     $ 20,459     $ 262,610     $ (111,190 )   $ 479,607  
 
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
65

 


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Financial Position
                               
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
   
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
As at December 31, 2011
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Assets
                                   
Invested assets
  $ 58     $ 90,391     $ 10,240     $ 126,327     $ (496 )   $ 226,520  
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries
    29,472       3,794       1       11,132       (44,399 )     -  
Reinsurance assets
    -       22,376       1,156       3,479       (16,283 )     10,728  
Other assets
    391       21,852       1,038       25,103       (19,588 )     28,796  
Segregated fund net assets
    -       120,711       7,159       70,123       (1,935 )     196,058  
Total assets
  $ 29,921     $ 259,124     $ 19,594     $ 236,164     $ (82,701 )   $ 462,102  
Liabilities and equity
                                               
Insurance contract liabilities
  $ -     $ 105,815     $ 7,135     $ 94,199     $ (16,783 )   $ 190,366  
Investment contract liabilities and deposits
    -       1,442       83       1,465       (450 )     2,540  
Other liabilities
    460       19,225       3,642       32,051       (16,634 )     38,744  
Long-term debt
    4,902       -       -       688       (87 )     5,503  
Liabilities for preferred shares and
    capital instruments
    344       1,031       -       5,004       (2,367 )     4,012  
Segregated fund net liabilities
    -       120,711       7,159       70,123       (1,935 )     196,058  
Shareholders' equity
    24,215       10,900       1,575       32,057       (44,532 )     24,215  
Participating policyholders' equity
    -       -       -       249       -       249  
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
    -       -       -       328       87       415  
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 29,921     $ 259,124     $ 19,594     $ 236,164     $ (82,701 )   $ 462,102  



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
66

 



Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
                                   
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
For the three months ended
 
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
June 30, 2012
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Revenue
                                   
Net premium income
  $ -     $ (4,171 )   $ 90     $ 3,112     $ -     $ (969 )
Net investment income (loss)
    86       6,149       569       3,790       (374 )     10,220  
Net other revenue
    (1 )     424       33       4,257       (2,668 )     2,045  
Total revenue
  $ 85     $ 2,402     $ 692     $ 11,159     $ (3,042 )   $ 11,296  
Policy benefits and expenses
                                               
Net benefits and claims
  $ -     $ 1,451     $ 641     $ 9,257     $ (2,338 )   $ 9,011  
Commissions, investment and general expenses
    3       670       42       2,013       (355 )     2,373  
Other expenses
    78       89       3       572       (349 )     393  
Total policy benefits and expenses
  $ 81     $ 2,210     $ 686     $ 11,842     $ (3,042 )   $ 11,777  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 4     $ 192     $ 6     $ (683 )   $ -     $ (481 )
Income tax recovery (expense)
    1       (3 )     (1 )     197       -       194  
Income (loss) after income taxes
  $ 5     $ 189     $ 5     $ (486 )   $ -     $ (287 )
Equity in net (loss) income of unconsolidated
    subsidiaries
    (305 )     (40 )     -       149       196       -  
Net (loss) income
  $ (300 )   $ 149     $ 5     $ (337 )   $ 196     $ (287 )
Net (loss) income attributed to:
                                               
   Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 13     $ 31     $ 44  
   Participating policyholders
    -       (14 )     13       (44 )     14       (31 )
   Shareholders
    (300 )     163       (8 )     (306 )     151       (300 )
    $ (300 )   $ 149     $ 5     $ (337 )   $ 196     $ (287 )


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
                                   
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
For the three months ended
 
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
June 30, 2011
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Revenue
                                   
Net premium income
  $ -     $ 1,256     $ 88     $ 2,838     $ -     $ 4,182  
Net investment income (loss)
    86       2,500       222       2,399       (332 )     4,875  
Net other revenue
    (2 )     458       32       2,420       (1,200 )     1,708  
Total revenue
  $ 84     $ 4,214     $ 342     $ 7,657     $ (1,532 )   $ 10,765  
Policy benefits and expenses
                                               
Net benefits and claims
  $ -     $ 3,608     $ 157     $ 4,850     $ (907 )   $ 7,708  
Commissions, investment and general expenses
    4       668       39       1,803       (378 )     2,136  
Other expenses
    78       130       5       423       (247 )     389  
Total policy benefits and expenses
  $ 82     $ 4,406     $ 201     $ 7,076     $ (1,532 )   $ 10,233  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 2     $ (192 )   $ 141     $ 581     $ -     $ 532  
Income tax (expense) recovery
    (2 )     72       (48 )     (59 )     -       (37 )
Income (loss) after income taxes
  $ -     $ (120 )   $ 93     $ 522     $ -     $ 495  
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated
    subsidiaries
    490       164       -       44       (698 )     -  
Net income (loss)
  $ 490     $ 44     $ 93     $ 566     $ (698 )   $ 495  
Net income (loss) attributed to:
                                               
   Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 8     $ (4 )   $ 4  
   Participating policyholders
    -       -       (1 )     1       1       1  
   Shareholders
    490       44       94       557       (695 )     490  
    $ 490     $ 44     $ 93     $ 566     $ (698 )   $ 495  
 
 
 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
67

 


 
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
                               
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
For the six months ended
 
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
June 30, 2012
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Revenue
                                   
Net premium income
  $ -     $ (2,872 )   $ 169     $ 6,238     $ -     $ 3,535  
Net investment income (loss)
    163       3,916       444       3,924       (704 )     7,743  
Net other revenue
    1       874       71       4,349       (1,460 )     3,835  
Total revenue
  $ 164     $ 1,918     $ 684     $ 14,511     $ (2,164 )   $ 15,113  
Policy benefits and expenses
                                               
Net benefits and claims
  $ -     $ 9     $ 510     $ 9,191     $ (803 )   $ 8,907  
Commissions, investment and general expenses
    12       1,346       78       3,905       (696 )     4,645  
Other expenses
    154       180       6       1,077       (665 )     752  
Total policy benefits and expenses
  $ 166     $ 1,535     $ 594     $ 14,173     $ (2,164 )   $ 14,304  
(Loss) income before income taxes
  $ (2 )   $ 383     $ 90     $ 338     $ -     $ 809  
Income tax recovery (expense)
    2       (34 )     (29 )     195       -       134  
Income after income taxes
  $ -     $ 349     $ 61     $ 533     $ -     $ 943  
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated
    subsidiaries
    906       9       -       358       (1,273 )     -  
Net income (loss)
  $ 906     $ 358     $ 61     $ 891     $ (1,273 )   $ 943  
Net income (loss) attributed to:
                                               
   Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 23     $ 30     $ 53  
   Participating policyholders
    -       (21 )     20       (38 )     23       (16 )
   Shareholders
    906       379       41       906       (1,326 )     906  
    $ 906     $ 358     $ 61     $ 891     $ (1,273 )   $ 943  



Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
                                   
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
For the six months ended
 
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
June 30, 2011
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
Revenue
                                   
Net premium income
  $ -     $ 2,715     $ 191     $ 5,796     $ -     $ 8,702  
Net investment income (loss)
    167       2,899       331       2,907       (649 )     5,655  
Net other revenue
    -       878       65       4,044       (1,515 )     3,472  
Total revenue
  $ 167     $ 6,492     $ 587     $ 12,747     $ (2,164 )   $ 17,829  
Policy benefits and expenses
                                               
Net benefits and claims
  $ -     $ 4,838     $ 239     $ 6,673     $ (778 )   $ 10,972  
Commissions, investment and general expenses
    11       1,367       84       3,606       (765 )     4,303  
Other expenses
    162       220       7       958       (621 )     726  
Total policy benefits and expenses
  $ 173     $ 6,425     $ 330     $ 11,237     $ (2,164 )   $ 16,001  
(Loss) income before income taxes
  $ (6 )   $ 67     $ 257     $ 1,510     $ -     $ 1,828  
Income tax (expense) recovery
    (2 )     20       (88 )     (274 )     -       (344 )
(Loss) income after income taxes
  $ (8 )   $ 87     $ 169     $ 1,236     $ -     $ 1,484  
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated
    subsidiaries
    1,483       239       -       326       (2,048 )     -  
Net income (loss)
  $ 1,475     $ 326     $ 169     $ 1,562     $ (2,048 )   $ 1,484  
Net income (loss) attributed to:
                                               
   Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 13     $ (4 )   $ 9  
   Participating policyholders
    -       (13 )     (12 )     (2 )     27       -  
   Shareholders
    1,475       339       181       1,551       (2,071 )     1,475  
    $ 1,475     $ 326     $ 169     $ 1,562     $ (2,048 )   $ 1,484  




 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
68

 

 
 
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
                                   
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
   
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
                                     
Operating activities
                                   
Net income (loss)
  $ 906     $ 358     $ 61     $ 891     $ (1,273 )   $ 943  
Adjustments for non-cash items in net income   (loss):
                                               
   Equity in net income of unconsolidated subsidiaries
    (906 )     (9 )     -       (358 )     1,273       -  
   Increase in insurance contract liabilities
    -       3,880       208       4,273       -       8,361  
   Increase in investment contract liabilities
    -       22       2       30       -       54  
   (Increase) decrease in reinsurance assets, net of premiums
      ceded related to FDA coinsurance (note 6)
    -       (954 )     (64 )     787       -       (231 )
   Amortization of premium/discount on invested assets
    -       14       17       (10 )     -       21  
   Other amortization
    -       40       -       147       -       187  
   Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) including
      impairments
    6       (1,603 )     (137 )     (1,263 )     -       (2,997 )
   Deferred income tax recovery
    (2 )     (26 )     (80 )     (143 )     -       (251 )
   Stock option expense
    -       3       -       9       -       12  
Net income adjusted for non-cash items
  $ 4     $ 1,725     $ 7     $ 4,363     $ -     $ 6,099  
Changes in policy related and operating receivables and
   payables
    (133 )     (753 )     44       1,076       -       234  
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities
  $ (129 )   $ 972     $ 51     $ 5,439     $ -     $ 6,333  
                                                 
Investing activities
                                               
Purchases and mortgage advances
  $ -     $ (8,596 )   $ (2,846 )   $ (26,432 )   $ -     $ (37,874 )
Disposals and repayments
    -       9,627       2,954       20,136       -       32,717  
Changes in investment broker net receivables and payables
    -       (1,058 )     113       (176 )     -       (1,121 )
Investment in common shares of subsidiaries
    (490 )     -       -       -       490       -  
Capital contribution to unconsolidated subsidiaries
    -       (29 )     -       -       29       -  
Return of capital from unconsolidated subsidiaries
    -       5       -       -       (5 )     -  
Notes receivables from affiliates
    (8,000 )     -       -       (156 )     8,156       -  
Notes receivables from parent
    -       -       -       (8,759 )     8,759       -  
Notes receivables from subsidiaries
    (226 )     4       -       -       222       -  
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities
  $ (8,716 )   $ (47 )   $ 221     $ (15,387 )   $ 17,651     $ (6,278 )
                                                 
Financing activities
                                               
(Decrease) increase in repurchase agreements and
  securities sold but not yet purchased
  $ -     $ (525 )   $ -     $ 14     $ -     $ (511 )
Issue of capital instruments, net
    -       -       -       497       -       497  
Repayment of capital instruments
    -       -       -       (1,000 )     -       (1,000 )
Net (redemption of) increase in investment contract liabilities
    -       (30 )     12       (70 )     -       (88 )
Funds borrowed, net
    -       (1 )     -       (2 )     -       (3 )
Secured borrowings from securitization transactions
    -       -       -       250       -       250  
Changes in bank deposits, net
    -       -       -       822       -       822  
Shareholder dividends paid in cash
    (361 )     -       -       -       -       (361 )
Contributions from non-controlling interest, net
    -       -       -       20       -       20  
Common shares issued, net
    -       -       -       490       (490 )     -  
Preferred shares issued, net
    488       -       -       -       -       488  
Capital contributions by parent
    -       -       -       29       (29 )     -  
Return of capital to parent
    -       -       -       (5 )     5       -  
Notes payable to affiliates
    -       156       -       8,000       (8,156 )     -  
Notes payable to parent
    -       -       -       222       (222 )     -  
Notes payable to subsidiaries
    8,759       -       -       -       (8,759 )     -  
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ 8,886     $ (400 )   $ 12     $ 9,267     $ (17,651 )   $ 114  
                                                 
Cash and short-term securities
                                               
Increase (decrease) during the period
  $ 41     $ 525     $ 284     $ (681 )   $ -     $ 169  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and short-term securities
    -       6       -       (4 )     -       2  
Balance, January 1
    58       3,038       230       8,954       -       12,280  
Balance, June 30
  $ 99     $ 3,569     $ 514     $ 8,269     $ -     $ 12,451  
                                                 
Cash and short-term securities
                                               
Beginning of period
                                               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 58     $ 3,363     $ 255     $ 9,137     $ -     $ 12,813  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    -       (325 )     (25 )     (183 )     -       (533 )
Net cash and short-term securities, January 1
  $ 58     $ 3,038     $ 230     $ 8,954     $ -     $ 12,280  
                                                 
End of period
                                               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 99     $ 3,910     $ 533     $ 8,466     $ -     $ 13,008  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    -       (341 )     (19 )     (197 )     -       (557 )
Net cash and short-term securities, June 30
  $ 99     $ 3,569     $ 514     $ 8,269     $ -     $ 12,451  
                                                 
Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information:
                                               
Interest received
  $ -     $ 2,056     $ 228     $ 2,039     $ -     $ 4,323  
Interest paid
  $ 157     $ 70     $ 1     $ 623     $ (310 )   $ 541  
Income taxes paid
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 253     $ -     $ 253  


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
69

 

 
 
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
                                   
         
John Hancock
   
John Hancock
                   
   
Manulife
   
Life Insurance
   
Life Insurance
               
Consolidated
 
   
Financial
   
Company
   
Company of
               
Manulife
 
   
Corporation
   
(U.S.A.)
   
New York
   
Other
   
Consolidation
   
Financial
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
 
(Guarantor)
   
(Issuer)
   
(Issuer)
   
Subsidiaries
   
Adjustments
   
Corporation
 
                                     
Operating activities
                                   
Net income (loss)
  $ 1,475     $ 326     $ 169     $ 1,562     $ (2,048 )   $ 1,484  
Adjustments for non-cash items in net income (loss):
                                               
   Equity in net income of unconsolidated subsidiaries
    (1,483 )     (239 )     -       (326 )     2,048       -  
   Increase (decrease) in insurance contract liabilities
    -       1,838       (575 )     2,610       -       3,873  
   (Decrease) increase in investment contract liabilities
    -       (310 )     (6 )     299       -       (17 )
   (Increase) decrease in reinsurance assets
    -       (314 )     112       130       -       (72 )
   Amortization of premium/discount on invested assets
    -       16       31       (36 )     -       11  
   Other amortization
    -       41       -       117       -       158  
   Net realized and unrealized gains including
      impairments
    -       (449 )     (26 )     (566 )     -       (1,041 )
   Deferred income tax expense (recovery)
    2       (110 )     58       349       -       299  
   Stock option expense
    -       3       -       9       -       12  
Net (loss) income adjusted for non-cash items
  $ (6 )   $ 802     $ (237 )   $ 4,148     $ -     $ 4,707  
Dividends from unconsolidated subsidiaries
    -       24       -       -       (24 )     -  
Changes in policy related and operating receivables and
   payables
    (100 )     374       110       (318 )     -       66  
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities
  $ (106 )   $ 1,200     $ (127 )   $ 3,830     $ (24 )   $ 4,773  
                                                 
Investing activities
                                               
Purchases and mortgage advances
  $ -     $ (11,126 )   $ (2,928 )   $ (20,147 )   $ -     $ (34,201 )
Disposals and repayments
    -       10,590       3,125       17,097       -       30,812  
Changes in investment broker net receivables and payables
    -       9       (15 )     428       -       422  
Investment in common shares of subsidiaries
    (196 )     -       -       -       196       -  
Capital contribution to unconsolidated subsidiaries
    -       (85 )     -       -       85       -  
Return of capital from unconsolidated subsidiaries
    -       31       -       -       (31 )     -  
Notes receivables from affiliates
    (8,000 )     -       -       -       8,000       -  
Notes receivables from parent
    -       -       -       (8,669 )     8,669       -  
Notes receivables from subsidiaries
    (208 )     5       -       -       203       -  
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities
  $ (8,404 )   $ (576 )   $ 182     $ (11,291 )   $ 17,122     $ (2,967 )
                                                 
Financing activities
                                               
Decrease in repurchase agreements and securities
  sold but not yet purchased
  $ -     $ (473 )   $ -     $ (109 )   $ -     $ (582 )
Repayment of long-term debt
    -       -       -       (220 )     -       (220 )
Repayment of capital instruments
    -       -       -       (550 )     -       (550 )
Net increase in (redemption of) investment contract liabilities
    -       58       20       (420 )     -       (342 )
Funds (repaid) borrowed, net
    -       (1 )     -       36       -       35  
Changes in bank deposits, net
    -       -       -       1,100       -       1,100  
Shareholder dividends paid in cash
    (350 )     -       -       (1 )     -       (351 )
Distributions to non-controlling interest, net
    -       -       -       (16 )     -       (16 )
Common shares issued, net
    1       -       -       197       (196 )     2  
Preferred shares issued, net
    196       -       -       -       -       196  
Capital contributions by parent
    -       -       -       85       (85 )     -  
Dividends paid to parent
    -       -       -       (24 )     24       -  
Return of capital to parent
    -       -       -       (31 )     31       -  
Notes payable to affiliates
    -       -       -       8,000       (8,000 )     -  
Notes payable to parent
    -       -       -       203       (203 )     -  
Notes payable to subsidiaries
    8,669       -       -       -       (8,669 )     -  
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ 8,516     $ (416 )   $ 20     $ 8,250     $ (17,098 )   $ (728 )
                                                 
Cash and short-term securities
                                               
Increase (decrease) during the period
  $ 6     $ 208     $ 75     $ 789     $ -     $ 1,078  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
  short-term securities
    -       (51 )     (13 )     (104 )     -       (168 )
Balance, January 1
    39       1,708       421       9,154       -       11,322  
Balance, June 30
  $ 45     $ 1,865     $ 483     $ 9,839     $ -     $ 12,232  
                                                 
Cash and short-term securities
                                               
Beginning of period
                                               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 39     $ 2,063     $ 443     $ 9,304     $ -     $ 11,849  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    -       (355 )     (22 )     (150 )     -       (527 )
Net cash and short-term securities, January 1
  $ 39     $ 1,708     $ 421     $ 9,154     $ -     $ 11,322  
                                                 
End of period
                                               
Gross cash and short-term securities
  $ 45     $ 2,152     $ 508     $ 10,118     $ -     $ 12,823  
Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities
    -       (287 )     (25 )     (279 )     -       (591 )
Net cash and short-term securities, June 30
  $ 45     $ 1,865     $ 483     $ 9,839     $ -     $ 12,232  
                                                 
Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information:
                                               
Interest received
  $ -     $ 1,934     $ 221     $ 1,990     $ (17 )   $ 4,128  
Interest paid
  $ 164     $ 83     $ 2     $ 595     $ (322 )   $ 522  
(Tax refunds received) income taxes paid
  $ (10 )   $ (54 )   $ -     $ 166     $ -     $ 102  

 

 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
70

 

   Note 17    Comparatives


Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
71

 


SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

 
 
MANULIFE FINANCIAL
CORPORATION HEAD OFFICE
200 Bloor Street East
Toronto, ON Canada M4W 1E5
Telephone 416 926-3000
Fax: 416 926-5454
Web site: www.manulife.com
 
INVESTOR RELATIONS
Financial analysts, portfolio managers
and other investors requiring financial
information may contact our Investor
Relations Department or access our
Web site at www.manulife.com.
Fax: 416 926-6285
E-mail: investor_relations@manulife.com
 
 
Hong Kong
Registered Holders:
Computershare Hong Kong
Investor Services Limited
17M Floor, Hopewell Centre
183 Queen’s Road East,
Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Telephone: 852 2862–8555
Ownership Statement Holders:
The Hongkong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation Limited
Sub-Custody and Clearing,
Hong Kong Office
GPO Box 64 Hong Kong
Telephone: 852 2288-8346
 
AUDITORS
Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada
 
 
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
For information or assistance regarding your share account, including dividends, changes of address or ownership, lost certificates, to eliminate duplicate mailings or to receive shareholder material electronically, please contact our Transfer Agents in Canada, the United States, Hong Kong or the Philippines. If you live outside one of these countries please contact our Canadian Transfer Agent.
 
Philippines
The Hongkong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation Limited
HSBC Stock Transfer Unit
7th Floor, HSBC Centre
3058 Fifth Avenue West
Bonifacio Global City
Taguig City, 1634
Philippines
Telephone: PLDT 632 581-7595;
GLOBE 632 976-7595
 
The following Manulife Financial documents are available online at www.manulife.com
 
·Annual Report and Proxy Circular
·Notice of Annual Meeting
·Shareholders Reports
·Public Accountability Statement
·Corporate Governance material
 
 
 
TRANSFER AGENTS
 
 
Canada
CIBC Mellon Trust Company
P.O. Box 7010, Adelaide Street Postal Station
Toronto, ON Canada M5C 2W9
Local: 416 643-6268
Toll Free: 1 800 783-9495
Fax: 1 877 713-9291
E-mail: inquiries@cibcmellon.com
Online: www.cibcmellon.com
CIBC Mellon offices are also located in
Montreal, Halifax, Vancouver and Calgary.
 
United States
Computershare Shareowner Services LLC
480 Washington Blvd.
Jersey City, NJ 07310 USA
or
P.O. Box 358015
Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8015 U.S.A.
Telephone: 1 800 249-7702
E-mail: shrrelations@bnymellon.com
Online: www.bnymellon.com/shareowner/
equityaccess
 
 
 
RATING
Financial strength is a key factor in generating new business, maintaining and expanding distribution relations and providing a base for expansion, acquisitions and growth. As at June 30, 2012, Manulife Financial had total capital of Cdn$29.7 billion, including Cdn$23.1 billion of common shareholders’ equity. Manufacturers Life’s financial strength and claims paying ratings are among the strongest in the insurance industry.
 
 
Standard & Poor’s AA- (4th of 21 ratings)
Moody’s A1 (5th of 21 ratings)
Fitch Ratings AA- (4th of 21 ratings)
DBRS IC-1 (1st of 6 ratings)
A.M. Best A+ (2nd of 15 ratings)
 
 
 
COMMON STOCK TRADING DATA
The following values are the high, low and close prices plus the average daily trading volume for Manulife Financial Corporation’s common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the Philippine Stock Exchange for the first quarter. The common stock symbol is MFC on all exchanges except Hong Kong where it is 945.
 
As at June 30, 2012, there were 1,815 million common shares outstanding.
 
April 1 – June 30, 2012 TorontoCanadian $ New YorkUnited States $ Hong KongHong Kong $ PhilippinesPhilippine Pesos
High $ 13.86 $ 14.07 $ 107.50 P 580
Low $ 10.39 $ 9.97 $   78.00 P 450
Close $ 11.09 $ 10.89 $ 83.20 P 492
Average Daily Volume (000) 4,812 2,912 241  0.25
 
 
 


 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
72

 


Consent to receive documents electronically

Electronic documents available from Manulife Financial
 
Manulife Financial is pleased to offer Electronic Documents. Access the information when you want, no more waiting for the mail.
 
The Manulife Financial documents available electronically are:
·Annual Report and Proxy Circular
·Notice of Annual Meeting
·Shareholder Reports
·Public Accountability Statement
·Corporate Governance material
These documents will be available to you on our Web site at www.manulife.com at the same time as they are mailed to other shareholders. Documents relating to the annual meeting, including annual reports will be available on the Web site at least until the next version is available.
 
We will notify you when documents will be available on the Web site and confirm the instructions for accessing the documents at the same time. In the event that the documents are not available on our Web site, paper copies will be mailed to you.
 
This information is also available for viewing or download under quarterly reports from the Investor Relations section of our website at www.manulife.com

.
……………………………………………………………………………… …  Detach Here .………………………..………………….............…………….…………


To receive documents electronically when they are available through Manulife Financial’s electronic delivery service, complete this form and return it as indicated.
 
I have read and understand the statement on the reverse and consent to receive electronically the Manulife Financial documents listed in the manner described. I acknowledge that I have the computer requirements to access the documents that are made available on Manulife Financial’s Web site. I understand that I am not required to consent to electronic delivery and that I may revoke my consent at any time.
 
Please note: We will contact you by phone only if there is a problem with your email address.
 
The information provided is confidential and will not be used for any purpose other than that described.
 
Please Print:
 
____________________________________________________
Shareholder Name
____________________________________________________
Contact Phone Number
____________________________________________________
Shareholder email Address
 
 
____________________________________________________
Shareholder Signature
 
 
____________________________________________________
Date
 
 

 



 Manulife Financial Corporation – Second Quarter 2012
 
73

 

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www.manulife.com
Manulife, Manulife Financial, the Manulife Financial For Your Future logo, the Block Design, the Four Cubes Design, and Strong Reliable Trustworthy Forward-thinking are trademarks of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and are used by it, and by its affiliates under license.
[Missing Graphic Reference]