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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Before Tax
The components of income before provision for income taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
 
202320222021
U.S.$20,146 $61,383 $70,300 
Foreign632,381 596,620 657,921 
Income before provision for income taxes$652,527 $658,003 $728,221 
Schedule of Provision for Income Tax
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
 
202320222021
Current tax provision:
Federal$23,406 $49,808 $11,824 
State6,731 9,214 8,515 
Foreign99,223 172,645 90,026 
Deferred tax benefit:
Federal(18,213)(73,826)(33,366)
State(6,692)(18,657)(14,611)
Foreign(2,536)(16,595)(4,358)
Change in valuation allowance4,454 4,107 4,541 
Total$106,373 $126,696 $62,571 
Schedule of Difference Between Effective and Statutory
The Company’s effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
 
202320222021
U.S. federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State taxes1.0 0.7 0.7 
Stock-based compensation3.6 2.0 0.1 
U.S. federal, state and foreign research and development credits(4.7)(5.1)(3.7)
Foreign earnings(6.5)(6.6)(7.3)
Nondeductible (nontaxable) foreign items(0.2)0.7 — 
Global intangible low-taxed income1.1 2.5 0.5 
Release of uncertain tax position reserve(0.4)(0.7)(1.0)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property0.6 4.0 — 
Valuation allowance0.7 0.6 0.6 
Foreign-derived intangible income
(1.1)(0.8)(0.5)
Other1.2 1.0 (1.8)
16.3 %19.3 %8.6 %
Net Deferred Tax and Valuation Allowance
The components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
 
20232022
Accrued bonus$3,716 $21,181 
Deferred revenue14,223 11,925 
Operating lease liabilities116,752 125,567 
Stock-based compensation42,856 19,874 
NOLs19,791 18,172 
Tax credit carryforwards96,020 93,672 
Capitalized research and development costs108,592 43,215 
Convertible senior notes interest111,509 75,603 
Depreciation and amortization66,053 79,595 
Other21,856 28,879 
Deferred tax assets601,368 517,683 
Acquired intangible assets(12,126)(530)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(103,392)(113,118)
Deferred commissions(14,752)(12,949)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs(31,719)(30,559)
Deferred tax liabilities(161,989)(157,156)
Valuation allowance(45,704)(41,250)
Net deferred tax assets$393,675 $319,277 
Summary of Valuation Allowance
As summary of activity in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

202320222021
Beginning balance$41,250 $37,143 $32,602 
Charges to income tax expense4,814 4,392 4,707 
Release of valuation allowance(360)(285)(166)
Ending balance$45,704 $41,250 $37,143 
Schedule of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The Company's NOL and tax credit carryforwards in U.S. federal, state and foreign jurisdictions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands, except years):

20232022Expirations at Various Dates Through:
NOL carryforwards:
Federal$32,700 $30,100 2037
State33,100 22,400 2043
Foreign42,600 40,100 2039
Federal and state research and development tax credit and other credit carryforwards125,200 121,300 2038
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

202320222021
Balance at beginning of year$67,958 $22,563 $24,105 
Gross increases – tax positions of prior periods2,074 3,880 4,293 
Gross increases – current period tax positions4,091 45,975 3,607 
Gross decreases – tax positions of prior periods(3,685)(688)(816)
Gross decreases – lapse of applicable statute of limitations(1,780)(3,772)(8,626)
Balance at end of year$68,658 $67,958 $22,563