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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Before Tax
The components of income before provision for income taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
 
202220212020
U.S.$61,383 $70,300 $45,074 
Foreign596,620 657,921 571,008 
Income before provision for income taxes$658,003 $728,221 $616,082 
Schedule of Provision for Income Tax
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
 
202220212020
Current tax provision (benefit):
Federal$49,808 $11,824 $(1,765)
State9,214 8,515 5,346 
Foreign172,645 90,026 76,162 
Deferred tax benefit:
Federal(73,826)(33,366)(19,845)
State(18,657)(14,611)(14,509)
Foreign(16,595)(4,358)(6,023)
Change in valuation allowance4,107 4,541 6,556 
Total$126,696 $62,571 $45,922 
Schedule of Difference Between Effective and Statutory
The Company’s effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
 
202220212020
U.S. federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State taxes0.7 0.7 1.0 
Stock-based compensation2.0 0.1 (0.6)
U.S. federal, state and foreign research and development credits(5.1)(3.7)(4.4)
Foreign earnings(6.6)(7.3)(7.7)
Nondeductible (nontaxable) foreign items0.7 — (0.4)
Global intangible low-taxed income2.5 0.5 0.6 
Release of uncertain tax position reserve(0.7)(1.0)(0.9)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property4.0 — 0.2 
Valuation allowance0.6 0.6 1.1 
Other0.2 (2.3)(2.4)
19.3 %8.6 %7.5 %
Net Deferred Tax and Valuation Allowance
The components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
 
20222021
Accrued bonus$21,181 $26,261 
Deferred revenue11,925 6,683 
Operating lease liabilities125,567 133,298 
Stock-based compensation19,874 21,507 
NOLs18,172 53,088 
Tax credit carryforwards93,672 88,710 
Capitalized research and development costs43,215 — 
Convertible senior notes interest75,603 18,552 
Depreciation and amortization79,595 85,438 
Other28,879 15,679 
Deferred tax assets517,683 449,216 
Acquired intangible assets(530)(86,567)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(113,118)(124,833)
Deferred commissions(12,949)(13,468)
Capitalized internal-use software development costs(30,559)(59,837)
Deferred tax liabilities(157,156)(284,705)
Valuation allowance(41,250)(37,143)
Net deferred tax assets$319,277 $127,368 
Summary of Valuation Allowance
As summary of activity in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands):

202220212020
Beginning balance$37,143 $32,602 $26,046 
Charges to income tax expense4,392 4,707 6,588 
Release of valuation allowance(285)(166)(32)
Ending balance$41,250 $37,143 $32,602 
Schedule of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The Company's NOL and tax credit carryforwards in U.S. federal, state and foreign jurisdictions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands, except years):

20222021Expirations at Various Dates Through:
NOL carryforwards:
Federal$30,100 $44,000 2037
State22,400 15,500 2042
Foreign40,100 180,100 2037
Federal and state research and development tax credit and other credit carryforwards121,300 113,500 2037
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

202220212020
Balance at beginning of year$22,563 $24,105 $27,359 
Gross increases – tax positions of prior periods3,880 4,293 2,539 
Gross increases – current period tax positions45,975 3,607 1,946 
Gross decreases – tax positions of prior periods(688)(816)(3,540)
Gross decreases – lapse of applicable statute of limitations(3,772)(8,626)(4,199)
Balance at end of year$67,958 $22,563 $24,105