Restructuring

During the fourth quarter of 2017, management committed to an action to restructure certain parts of the Company, with the intent of shifting focus to more critical areas of the business and away from products that have not seen expected commercial success. The restructuring is also intended to facilitate cost efficiencies and savings. Certain capitalized internal-use software charges have been realized for software not yet placed into service that will not be completed and implemented due to this action. In addition, as part of cost efficiency and savings, certain headcount and facility reductions were made. The total restructuring charge expected as part of this action is up to $65.0 million, of which $49.3 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017.

During the first quarter of 2016, management made changes to the Company's organizational structure to reorganize the Company's product and development groups and global sales, services and marketing teams into divisions centered on the Company's customers and solutions. The restructuring charges relate to severance expenses for impacted employees and charges for internal-use software not yet placed into service that will not be completed and launched due to changing priorities as part of the reorganization. The restructuring charges recognized for this action during the year ended December 31, 2016, were $9.7 million. No additional charges are expected.

The Company also recognizes restructuring charges for redundant employees, facilities and contracts associated with completed acquisitions.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company's restructuring accrual during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):



	Employee Severance and Related Benefits			Software Charges			Excess Facilities, Contract Terminations and Other			Total
Balance January 1, 2015	$	—		$	—		$	281		$	281
Costs incurred	767			—			—			767
Cash disbursements	(605		)	—			(56		)	(661		)
Balance December 31, 2015	162			—			225			387
Costs incurred	5,714			4,587			—			10,301
Cash disbursements	(4,432		)	—			(56		)	(4,488		)
Software charges	—			(4,587		)	—			(4,587		)
Balance December 31, 2016	1,444			—			169			1,613
Costs incurred	17,311			31,965			5,608			54,884
Cash disbursements	(5,898		)	—			(3,212		)	(9,110		)
Software and other non-cash charges	—			(31,965		)	(1,179		)	(33,144		)
Balance December 31, 2017	$	12,857		$	—		$	1,386		$	14,243