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Fair Value |
Note 7—Fair Value
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial and non-financial assets and
liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Various financial instruments such as available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair
value other assets and liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned. These non-recurring fair value adjustments typically involve lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-down of
individual assets.
Fair Value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the Company uses various valuation techniques and assumptions when estimating fair value. For accounting disclosure purposes, a three-level
valuation hierarchy of fair value measurements has been established. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments held by the Company are set forth below. Fair value
estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information. They do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial
instrument. Because no market exists for many of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgements regarding future expected loss experience, risk characteristics and economic conditions. These estimates are
subjective, involve uncertainties, and cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and
size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 1, 2 and 3
inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury
yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.
The Company does not record all loans and leases at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan or
lease is considered collateral dependent and an allowance for credit losses is established. Once a loan or lease is identified as collaterally dependent, management measures an allowance for credit losses in accordance FASB ASC Topic 326.
These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost
and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take into account differences between the comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically
result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 non-recurring collateral dependent loans is primarily the sales comparison approach less estimated selling costs.
Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) is reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair values are based on
recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may use a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take into account differences between the
comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 non-recurring
OREO is primarily the sales comparison approach less estimated selling costs.
The following tables present information about the Bank’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the
valuation techniques utilized by the Bank to determine such fair value for the periods indicated.
Collateral dependent loans
While the overall loan portfolio is not carried at fair value, the Company periodically records nonrecurring
adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral
dependent loans when establishing the allowance for credit losses on loans. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan. In determining the value of real estate collateral, the
Company relies on external and internal appraisals of property values depending on the size and complexity of the real estate collateral. The Company maintains a list of qualified property appraisers who review appraisal reports for
reasonableness. In the case of non-real estate collateral, reliance is placed on a variety of sources, including external estimates of value and judgments based on the experience and expertise of internal specialists. Values of all
loan collateral are regularly reviewed by credit administration. Unobservable inputs to these measurements, which include estimates and judgments often used in conjunction with appraisals, are not readily quantifiable. These
measurements are classified as Level 3.
The following tables summarize the carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value, and indicate the fair
value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated.
Non-marketable securities
include FHLB stock, Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bank (“PCBB’’) stock and The Independent BankersBank (“TIB’’) stock which are recorded at cost. Ownership of these stocks is restricted to member banks. Purchases and sales of these securities
are at par value with the issuer. The fair value of these investments is equal to the carrying amount.
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