10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________  to_____________

Commission File Number:  000-26099

FARMERS & MERCHANTS BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	94-3327828
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S.  Employer Identification No.)

111 W. Pine Street, Lodi, California	95240
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (209) 367-2300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	FMCB	OTCQX

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per Share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act)   Yes ☐  No ☒

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2019 (based on the last reported trade on June 30, 2019) was $625,909,000.

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 29, 2020: 793,556

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10 through 14.

FARMERS & MERCHANTS BANCORP

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I
Introduction		3
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	28
Item 2.	Properties	28
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
PART II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	32
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	62
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	65
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	110
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	110
Item 9B.	Other Information	110
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	111
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	112
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	112
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	112
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	112
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	113
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	114
Signatures		115

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Introduction – Forward Looking Statements

This Form 10-K contains various forward-looking statements, usually containing the words “estimate,” “project,” “expect,” “objective,” “goal,” or similar expressions and includes assumptions concerning Farmers & Merchants Bancorp’s (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “we”) operations, future results, and prospects. These forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties. In connection with the “safe-harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Company provides the following cautionary statement identifying important factors which could cause the actual results of events to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by the forward-looking statements and related assumptions.

Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) economic conditions in the Central Valley of California; (2) significant changes in interest rates and loan prepayment speeds; (3) credit risks of lending and investment activities; (4) changes in federal and state banking laws or regulations; (5) competitive pressure in the banking industry; (6) changes in governmental fiscal or monetary policies; (7) uncertainty regarding the economic outlook resulting from the continuing war on terrorism, as well as actions taken or to be taken by the U.S. or other governments as a result of further acts or threats of terrorism; (8) water management issues in California and the resulting impact on the Company’s agricultural customers; (9) expansion into new geographic markets and new lines of business; and (10) other factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date on which they are made.

PART I

Item 1. Business

General Development of the Business

August 1, 1916, marked the first day of business for Farmers & Merchants Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank was incorporated under the laws of the State of California and licensed as a state-chartered bank. Farmers & Merchants’ first venture out of Lodi occurred when the Galt office opened in 1948. Since then the Bank has opened full-service branches in Linden, Manteca, Riverbank, Modesto, Sacramento, Elk Grove, Turlock, Hilmar, Stockton, Merced, Walnut Creek, Concord, Napa and Lockeford.

During 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Bank of Rio Vista, headquartered in Rio Vista, California. This provided the Company entry into both Rio Vista and Walnut Grove, enhancing the Bank’s market share in Lodi.

In addition to 29 full-service branches, the Bank serves the needs of its customers through three stand-alone ATMs located on the grounds of the Lodi Grape Festival, in the Trilogy Residential Community clubhouse in Rio Vista and the Shadelands business center in Walnut Creek. In 2007, the Bank began offering certain banking products over the internet at www.fmbonline.com.

On March 10, 1999, the Company, pursuant to a reorganization, acquired all of the voting stock of the Bank. The Company is a bank holding company incorporated in the State of Delaware and registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company’s outstanding securities as of December 31, 2019, consisted of 793,033 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value and no shares of preferred stock issued. The Bank is the Company’s principal asset.

The Bank’s two wholly owned subsidiaries are Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation is currently dormant and Farmers/Merchants Corp. acts as trustee on deeds of trust originated by the Bank.

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F & M Bancorp, Inc. was created in March 2002 to protect the name “F & M Bank.” During 2002, the Company completed a fictitious name filing in California to begin using the streamlined name, “F & M Bank,” as part of a larger effort to enhance the Company’s image and build brand name recognition. Since 2002, the Company has converted all of its daily operating and image advertising to the “F & M Bank” name and the Company’s logo, slogan and signage were redesigned to incorporate the trade name, “F & M Bank.”

During 2003, the Company formed a wholly owned Connecticut statutory business trust, FMCB Statutory Trust I, for the sole purpose of issuing trust-preferred securities. See Note 12, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

The Company’s principal business is to serve as a holding company for the Bank and for other banking or banking related subsidiaries, which the Company may establish or acquire. As a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiary, the Company’s principal source of funds is, and will continue to be, dividends paid by and other funds received from the Bank. Legal limitations are imposed on the amount of dividends that may be paid and loans that may be made by the Bank to the Company. See “Supervision and Regulation - Dividends and Other Transfer of Funds.”

The Bank’s deposit accounts are insured under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act up to applicable limits. See “Supervision and Regulation – Deposit Insurance.”

As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). The Bank is a California state-chartered non-FRB member bank subject to the regulation and examination of the California Department of Business Oversight (“DBO”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

Acquisition of Bank of Rio Vista (“BRV”)

On October 10, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Bank of Rio Vista, which occurred through a series of stock purchases beginning in April 2017.  The total consideration paid for the acquisition was $40.73 million. The Company engaged in this transaction with the expectation it would be accretive to income and add a new market area with a demographic profile consistent with many of the Central Valley markets served by the Company.

Service Area

Since 2014, the Company has broadened its geographic footprint by opening offices in Walnut Creek, Concord, Napa, Rio Vista and Walnut Grove. The Company continues to look for opportunities to further expand its branch network in the East Bay area of San Francisco, and over the past two years has purchased buildings in Walnut Creek, Lafayette and Montclair that will become future branch locations.

Despite the recent expansion of our geographic footprint, the Company’s primary service area remains the mid Central Valley of California, including Sacramento, San Joaquin, Stanislaus and Merced counties, where we operate 24 full-service branches and 1 stand-alone ATM. This area encompasses:

• Sacramento Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”), with branches in Sacramento, Elk Grove, Galt and Walnut Grove. This MSA has a Population of 2.3 million and a Per Capita Income of approximately $56,278. The MSA includes significant employment in the following sectors: state and local government; agriculture; and trade, transportation and utilities. Unemployment currently stands at 3.2%.

• Stockton MSA, with branches in Lodi, Linden, Stockton, Lockeford and Manteca. This MSA has a Population of 0.75 million and a Per Capita Income of approximately $44,995. The MSA includes significant employment in the following sectors: state and local government; agriculture; trade, transportation, and utilities; and education and health services. Unemployment currently stands at 5.7%.

• Modesto MSA, with branches in Modesto, Riverbank and Turlock. This MSA has a Population of 0.55 million and a Per Capita Income of approximately $44,120. The MSA includes significant employment in the following sectors: agriculture; trade, transportation and utilities; state and local government; and education and health services. Unemployment currently stands at 5.6%.

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• Merced MSA, with branches in Hilmar and Merced. This MSA has a Population of 0.27 million and a Per Capita Income of approximately $38,519. The MSA includes significant employment in the following sectors: agriculture; state and local government; and trade, transportation and utilities. Unemployment currently stands at 7.9%.

All of the Company’s Central Valley service areas are heavily influenced by the agricultural industry, however, with the exception of the State of California in the Sacramento MSA, no single employer represents a material concentration of jobs in any of our service areas.

See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview” and “Financial Condition – Loans & Leases” for additional discussion regarding the Company’s market conditions.

Through its network of banking offices, the Company emphasizes personalized service along with a broad range of banking services to businesses and individuals located in the service areas of its offices. Although the Company focuses on marketing its services to small and medium sized businesses, a broad range of retail banking services are made available to the local consumer market.

The Company offers a wide range of deposit instruments. These include checking, savings, money market, time certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts and online banking services for both business and personal accounts.

The Company provides a broad complement of lending products, including commercial, commercial real estate, real estate construction, agribusiness, consumer, credit card, residential real estate loans, and equipment leases. Commercial products include term loans, leases, lines of credit and other working capital financing and letters of credit. Financing products for individuals include automobile financing, lines of credit, residential real estate, home improvement and home equity lines of credit.

The Company also offers a wide range of specialized services designed for the needs of its commercial accounts. These services include a credit card program for merchants, lockbox and other collection services, account reconciliation, investment sweep, on-line account access, and electronic funds transfers by way of domestic and international wire and automated clearinghouse.

The Company makes investment products available to customers, including mutual funds and annuities. These investment products are offered through a third party, which employs investment advisors to meet with and provide investment advice to the Company’s customers.

Employees

At December 31, 2019, the Company employed 365 full time equivalent employees. The Company believes that its employee relations are satisfactory.

Competition

The banking and financial services industry in California generally, and in the Company’s market areas specifically, is highly competitive. The increasingly competitive environment is a result primarily of changes in regulation, changes in technology and product delivery systems, and the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial service providers. The Company competes with other major commercial banks, diversified financial institutions, credit unions, savings institutions, money market and other mutual funds, mortgage companies, and a variety of other non-banking financial services and advisory companies. Federal legislation encourages competition between different types of financial service providers and has fostered new entrants into the financial services market. It is anticipated that this trend will continue. Using the financial holding company structure, insurance companies and securities firms may compete more directly with banks and bank holding companies.

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Many of our competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader range of financial services than the Company. In order to compete with other financial service providers, the Company relies upon personal contact by its officers, directors, employees, and stockholders, along with various promotional activities and specialized services. In those instances where the Company is unable to accommodate a customer’s needs, the Company may arrange for those services to be provided through its correspondents.

Government Policies

The Company’s profitability, like most financial institutions, is primarily dependent on interest rate differentials. The difference between the interest rates paid by the Company on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and other borrowings, and the interest rates received by the Company on its interest-earning assets, such as loans & leases extended to its customers and securities held in its investment portfolio, comprise the major portion of the Company’s earnings. These rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the control of the Company and the Bank, such as inflation, recession and unemployment. The impact that changes in economic conditions might have on the Company and the Bank cannot be predicted.

The business of the Company is also influenced by the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government and the policies of regulatory agencies, particularly the FRB. The FRB implements national monetary policies (with objectives such as curbing inflation and combating recession) through its open-market operations in U.S. Government securities by adjusting the required level of reserves for depository institutions subject to its reserve requirements, and by varying the target federal funds and discount rates applicable to borrowings by depository institutions. The actions of the FRB in these areas influence the growth of bank loans & leases, investments, and deposits and also affect interest rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The nature and impact on the Company of any future changes in monetary and fiscal policies cannot be predicted.

From time to time, legislative acts, as well as regulations, are enacted which have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities, or affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial services providers. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of banks, bank holding companies, and other financial institutions and financial services providers are frequently made in the U.S. Congress, in the state legislatures, and before various regulatory agencies. This legislation may change banking statutes and the operating environment of the Company and the Bank in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings institutions, credit unions, and other financial institutions. The Company cannot predict whether any of this potential legislation will be enacted, and if enacted, the effect that it, or any implemented regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Supervision and Regulation

General

Bank holding companies and banks are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. The regulation is intended primarily for the protection of the banking system and the deposit insurance fund and not for the benefit of stockholders of the Company. This supervisory and regulatory framework subjects banks and bank holding companies to regular examination by their respective regulatory agencies, which results in examination reports and ratings that, while not publicly available, can affect the conduct and growth of their businesses. These examinations consider not only compliance with applicable laws and regulations, but also capital levels, asset quality and risk, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity, and various other factors. The regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on the operations of a regulated entity where the agencies determine, among other things, that such operations are unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law or are otherwise inconsistent with laws and regulations or with the supervisory policies of these agencies.

Set forth below is a summary description of the material laws and regulations, which relate to the operations of the Company and the Bank. This description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations.

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The Company

The Company is a registered bank holding company and is subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (“BHCA”), as amended. Accordingly, the Company’s operations are subject to extensive regulation and examination by the FRB. The Company is required to file with the FRB quarterly and annual reports and such additional information as the FRB may require pursuant to the BHCA. The FRB conducts periodic examinations of the Company.

The FRB may require that the Company terminate an activity or terminate control of or liquidate or divest certain subsidiaries of affiliates when the FRB believes the activity or the control of the subsidiary or affiliate constitutes a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any of its banking subsidiaries. The FRB also has the authority to regulate provisions of certain bank holding company debt. Under certain circumstances, the Company must file written notice and obtain approval from the FRB prior to purchasing or redeeming its equity securities.

Under the BHCA and regulations adopted by the FRB, a bank holding company and its non-banking subsidiaries are prohibited from requiring certain tie-in arrangements in connection with an extension of credit, lease or sale of property, or furnishing of services. For example, with certain exceptions, a bank may not condition an extension of credit on a promise by its customer to obtain other services provided by it, its holding company or other subsidiaries, or on a promise by its customer not to obtain other services from a competitor. In addition, federal law imposes certain restrictions on transactions between Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and its subsidiaries. Further, the Company is required by the FRB to maintain certain levels of capital. See “Capital Standards.”

The Company is prohibited by the BHCA, except in certain statutorily prescribed instances, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or furnishing services to its subsidiaries. However, the Company, subject to the prior notice and/or approval of the FRB, may engage in any, or acquire shares of companies engaged in, activities that are deemed by the FRB to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.

A bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may not conduct its operations in an unsafe or unsound manner. In addition, it is the FRB’s policy that in serving as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks, a bank holding company should stand ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and should maintain the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks. This support may be required at times when a bank holding company may not be able to provide such support. A bank holding company’s failure to meet its obligations to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks will generally be considered by the FRB to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice or a violation of the FRB’s regulations or both.

The Company is not a financial holding company for purposes of the FRB.

The Company is also a bank holding company within the meaning of the California Financial Code. As such, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by, and may be required to file reports with, the DBO.

The Company’s securities are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, the Company is subject to the reporting, proxy solicitation and other requirements and restrictions of the Exchange Act.

The Bank

The Bank, as a California chartered non-FRB member bank, is subject to primary supervision, periodic examination and regulation by the DBO and the FDIC. If, as a result of an examination of the Bank, the FDIC should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory, or that the Bank or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to the FDIC. Such remedies include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in capital, to restrict the growth of the Bank, to assess civil monetary penalties, to remove officers and directors, and ultimately to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance, which for a California chartered bank would result in a revocation of the Bank’s charter. The DBO has many of the same remedial powers.

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Various requirements and restrictions under the laws of the State of California and the United States affect the operations of the Bank. State and federal statutes and regulations relate to many aspects of the Bank’s operations, including reserves against deposits, ownership of deposit accounts, interest rates payable on deposits, loans & leases, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowings, dividends, locations of branch offices, and capital requirements. Further, the Bank is required to maintain certain levels of capital. See “Capital Standards.”

The Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd Frank Act”) - The Dodd-Frank Act implemented sweeping reform across the U.S. financial regulatory framework, including, among other changes:

• creating a Financial Stability Oversight Council tasked with identifying and monitoring systemic risks in the financial system;

• creating the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which is responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer financial protection laws;

• requiring the FDIC to make its capital requirements for insured depository institutions countercyclical, so that capital requirements increase in times of economic expansion and decrease in times of economic contraction;

• imposing more stringent capital requirements on bank holding companies and subjecting certain activities, including interstate mergers and acquisitions, to heightened capital conditions;

• changing the assessment base for federal deposit insurance from the amount of the insured deposits held by the depository institution to the depository institution’s average total consolidated assets less tangible equity, eliminating the ceiling on the size of the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund and increasing the floor of the size of the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund;

• eliminating all remaining restrictions on interstate banking by authorizing state banks to establish de novo banking offices in any state that would permit a bank chartered in that state to open a banking office at that location;

• repealing the federal prohibitions on the payment of interest on demand deposits, thereby permitting depository institutions to pay interest on business transaction and other accounts; and

• in the so-called “Volcker Rule,” subject to numerous exceptions, prohibiting depository institutions and affiliates from certain investments in, and sponsorship of, hedge funds and private equity funds and from engaging in proprietary trading.

On February 3, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order calling for his administration to review existing U.S. financial laws and regulations, including the Dodd-Frank Act, in order to determine their consistency with a set of “core principles” of financial policy.

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President Trump recently signed the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Economic Growth Act”), which repeals or modifies certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and eases regulations on all but the largest banks. The Economic Growth Act’s highlights include improving consumer access to mortgage credit that, among other things, (i) exempt banks with less than $10 billion in assets from the ability-to-repay requirements for certain qualified residential mortgage loans; (ii) not require appraisals for certain transactions valued at less than $400,000 in rural areas; (iii) exempt banks and credit unions that originate fewer than 500 open-end and 500 closed-end mortgages from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act’s (“HMDA”) expanded data disclosures (the provision would not apply to nonbanks and would not exempt institutions from HMDA reporting altogether); (iv) amend the SAFE Mortgage Licensing Act by providing registered mortgage loan originators in good standing with 120 days of transitional authority to originate loans when moving from a federal depository institution to a non-depository institution or across state lines; (v) require the CFPB to clarify how TRID applies to mortgage assumption transactions and construction-to-permanent home loans as well as outline certain liabilities related to model disclosure use, and (vi) provide that federal banking regulators may not impose higher capital standards on High Volatility Commercial Real Estate exposures unless they are for acquisition, development or construction (“ADC”), and clarifies ADC status. In addition, the Economic Growth Act’s highlights also include regulatory relief for certain institutions, whereby among other things, it simplifies capital calculations by requiring regulators to adopt a threshold for a community bank leverage ratio of between 8% to 10%. Institutions under $10 billion in assets that meet such community bank leverage ratio will automatically be deemed to be well-capitalized, although regulators retain the flexibility to determine that a depository institution may not qualify for the community bank leverage ratio test based on the institution’s risk profile, and exempts community banks from Section 13 of the Bank Holding Company Act if they have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets; and exempts banks with less than $10 billion in assets, and total trading assets and liabilities not exceeding more than five percent of their total assets, from the Volcker Rule restrictions on trading with their own capital. The Economic Growth Act also adds certain protections for consumers, including veterans and active duty military personnel, expanded credit freezes and creation of an identity theft protection database. The Economic Growth Act also makes changes for bank holding companies, as it raises the threshold for automatic designation as a systemically important financial institution from $50 billion to $250 billion in assets, subjects banks with $100 billion to $250 billion in total assets to periodic stress tests, exempts from stress test requirements entirely banks with under $100 billion in assets, and requires the federal banking regulators to, within 180 days of passage, raise the asset threshold under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement from $1 billion to $3 billion. The Economic Growth Act also adds certain protections for student borrowers.

On June 17, 2019, the federal bank regulatory agencies jointly issued a final rule to streamline regulatory reporting requirements and committed to further review of reporting burdens for smaller institutions. The rule permits insured depository institutions with total assets of less than $5 billion that do not engage in certain complex or international activities to file the most streamlined version of the call report, the FFIEC 051 Call Report. This streamlined reporting reduces the data items required to be reported in the first and third quarters by approximately 37% and became effective July 22, 2019. The Bank elected not to adopt the new streamlined version FFIEC 051 Call Report.

Many aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to rulemaking and will take effect over several years, making it difficult to anticipate the overall financial impact on us. In addition, the Economic Growth Act modifies several provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act, but are subject to implementing regulations. Although the reforms primarily target systemically important financial service providers (which the Bank is not), the Dodd-Frank Act’s influence has and is expected to continue to filter down in varying degrees to smaller institutions over time. We will continue to evaluate the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act; however, in many respects, the ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act will not be fully known for years, and no current assurance may be given that the Dodd-Frank Act, or any other new legislative changes, will not have a negative impact on the results of operations and financial condition of the Company and the Bank.

Capital Standards

The federal banking agencies have risk-based capital adequacy guidelines intended to provide a measure of capital adequacy that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations, both for transactions reported on the balance sheet as assets and for transactions, such as letters of credit and recourse arrangements, that are recorded as off-balance sheet items. In 2013, the FRB, FDIC, and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued final rules (the “Basel III Capital Rules”) establishing a new comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations. The rules implement the Basel Committee’s December 2010 framework, commonly referred to as Basel III, for strengthening international capital standards, as well as implementing certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act.

The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 (subject to phase-in periods for some of their components). The Basel III Capital Rules: (i) introduce a new capital measure called Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”), and a related regulatory capital ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets; (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments, which are instruments treated as Tier 1 instruments under the prior capital rules that meet certain revised requirements; (iii) mandate that most deductions or adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital; and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions from and adjustments to capital, as compared to existing regulations. Under the Basel III Capital Rules, for most banking organizations, the most common form of additional Tier 1 capital is noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and the most common form of Tier 2 capital is subordinated notes and a portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses, in each case, subject to the Basel III Capital Rules’ specific requirements.

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Under the Basel III Capital Rules, the following are the initial minimum capital ratios applicable to the Company and the Bank:

• 4.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio;

• 4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;

• 6.0% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets; and

• 8.0% total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets.

The Basel III Capital Rules also introduced a “capital conservation buffer,” composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 and was phased in over a three-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reached 2.5% on January 1, 2019). The Company and the Bank must now maintain the following minimum capital ratios:

• 4.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio;

• 4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%;

• 6.0% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8.5%; and

• 8.0% total capital to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of at least 10.5%.

The Basel III Capital Rules provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that (i) mortgage servicing rights, (ii) deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences that could not be realized through net operating loss carrybacks, and (iii) significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such items, in the aggregate, exceed 15% of CET1. Implementation of the deductions and other adjustments to CET1 began on January 1, 2015 and were phased-in over a four-year period ended on January 1, 2019 (beginning at 40% on January 1, 2015 and an additional 20% per year thereafter). Under the Basel III Capital Rules, the effects of certain accumulated other comprehensive income or loss items are not excluded for the purposes of determining regulatory capital ratios; however, non-advanced approaches banking organizations (i.e., banking organizations with less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets or with less than $10 billion of on-balance sheet foreign exposures), including the Company and the Bank, may make a one-time permanent election to exclude these items. The Company and the Bank made this election in the first quarter of 2015’s call reports in order to avoid significant variations in the level of capital depending upon the impact of interest rate fluctuations on the fair value of its available-for-sale investment securities portfolio.

The Basel III Capital Rules prescribe a new standardized approach for risk weightings that expands the risk weighting categories from the previous four Basel I-derived categories (0%, 20%, 50% and 100%) to a larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, generally ranging from 0% for U.S. Government and agency securities, to 600% for certain equity exposures, depending on the nature of the assets. The new capital rules generally result in higher risk weights for a variety of asset classes. Additional aspects of the Basel III Capital Rules that are relevant to the Company and the Bank include:

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• consistent with the Basel I risk-based capital rules, assigning exposures secured by single-family residential properties to either a 50% risk weight for first-lien mortgages that meet prudent underwriting standards or a 100% risk weight category for all other mortgages;

• providing for a 20% credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable (set at 0% under the Basel I risk-based capital rules);

• assigning a 150% risk weight to all exposures that are nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due (set at 100% under the Basel I risk-based capital rules), except for those secured by single-family residential properties, which will be assigned a 100% risk weight, consistent with the Basel I risk-based capital rules;

• applying a 150% risk weight instead of a 100% risk weight for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans; and

• applying a 250% risk weight to the portion of mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences that could not be realized through net operating loss carrybacks that are not deducted from CET1 capital (set at 100% under the Basel I risk-based capital rules).

As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the minimum capital adequacy guideline percentage requirements of the federal banking agencies for “well capitalized” institutions under the Basel III capital rules on a fully phased-in basis.

With respect to the Bank, the Basel III capital rules also revise the prompt corrective action regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

In December 2017, the Basel Committee published standards that it described as the finalization of the Basel III post-crisis regulatory reforms, which standards are commonly referred to as Basel IV. Among other things, these standards revise the Basel Committee’s standardized approach for credit risk (including the recalibration of the risk weights and the introduction of new capital requirements for certain “unconditionally cancellable commitments,” such as unused credit card lines of credit) and provides a new standardized approach for operational risk capital. Under the Basel framework, these standards will generally be effective on January 1, 2022, with an aggregate output floor phasing in through January 1, 2027. Under the current U.S. capital rules, operational risk capital requirements and a capital floor apply only to advanced approaches institutions, and not to the Bank. The impact of Basel IV on us will depend on how it is implemented by the federal bank regulators.

Prompt Corrective Action (“PCA”)

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (“FDIA”), requires federal banking agencies to take PCA in respect of depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. The FDIA includes the following five capital tiers: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized.” A depository institution’s capital tier will depend upon how its capital levels compare with various relevant capital measures and certain other factors, as established by regulation. The Basel III Capital Rules revised the PCA requirements effective January 1, 2015. Under the revised PCA provisions of the FDIA, an insured depository institution generally will be classified in the following categories based on the capital measures indicated:

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Capital Category

Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio

Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio

Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio

Leverage Ratio

Tangible Equity to Assets

Supplemental Leverage Ratio

Well Capitalized

10% or greater

8% or greater

6.5% or greater

5% or greater

n/a

n/a

Adequately Capitalized

8% or greater

6% or greater

4.5% or greater

4% or greater

n/a

3% or greater

Undercapitalized

Less than 8%

Less than 6%

Less than 4.5%

Less than 4%

n/a

Less than 3%

Significantly Undercapitalized

Less than 6%

Less than 4%

Less than 3%

Less than 3%

n/a

n/a

Critically Undercapitalized

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Less than 2%

n/a

An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios, if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. A bank’s capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying PCA regulations and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the bank’s overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes.

The FDIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its parent holding company, if the depository institution would thereafter be “undercapitalized.” “Undercapitalized” institutions are subject to growth limitations and are required to submit capital restoration plans. If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.” “Significantly undercapitalized” depository institutions may be subject to a number of requirements and restrictions, including orders to sell sufficient voting stock to become “adequately capitalized,” requirements to reduce total assets, and cessation of receipt of deposits from correspondent banks. “Critically undercapitalized” institutions are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.

The capital classification of a bank holding company and a bank affects the frequency of regulatory examinations, the bank holding company’s and the bank’s ability to engage in certain activities and the deposit insurance premium paid by the bank. As of December 31, 2019, we met the requirements to be “well-capitalized” based upon the aforementioned ratios for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations, as currently in effect.

The Community Bank Leverage Ratio

On November 4, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule that provides for an optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy, the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework, for qualifying community banking organizations consistent with Section 201 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework. The final rule is effective on January 1, 2020.

In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, off-balance-sheet exposures of 25% or less of total consolidated assets, and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations. Such a community banking organization would not be subject to other risk-based and leverage capital requirements (including the Basel III and Basel IV requirements). The CBLR is determined by dividing a financial institution’s tangible equity capital by its average total consolidated assets. The rule describes what is included in tangible equity capital and average total consolidated assets. The CBLR framework will be available for banks to use in their March 31, 2020, call report. A CBLR bank that ceases to meet any of the qualifying criteria in a future period but maintains a leverage ratio greater than 8% will be allowed a grace period of two reporting periods to satisfy the CBLR qualifying criteria or to otherwise comply with the generally applicable capital requirements. Further, a CBLR bank may opt out of the framework at any time, without restriction, by reverting to the generally applicable capital requirements. The Company and Bank do not intend to opt into the CBLR framework at this time.

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Anti-Money Laundering and Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

Title III of the United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “Patriot Act”), is designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the U.S. financial system and has significant implications for depository institutions, brokers, dealers and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The Patriot Act mandates financial services companies to have policies and procedures with respect to measures designed to address any or all of the following matters: (i) customer identification programs; (ii) money laundering; (iii) terrorist financing; (iv) identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions; (v) currency crimes; and (vi) cooperation between financial institutions and law enforcement authorities. Regulatory authorities routinely examine financial institutions for compliance with these obligations, and failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required. Regulatory authorities have imposed cease and desist orders and civil money penalties against institutions found to be violating these obligations.

Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. Financial institutions are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of and transactions with such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Banking regulators examine banks for compliance with the economic sanctions regulations administered by OFAC and failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate OFAC programs, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.

Privacy Restrictions

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) requires financial institutions in the U.S. to provide certain privacy disclosures to customers and consumers, to comply with certain restrictions on the sharing and usage of personally identifiable information, and to implement and maintain commercially reasonable customer information safeguarding standards.

The Company believes that it complies with all provisions of the GLBA and all implementing regulations and the Bank has developed appropriate policies and procedures to meet its responsibilities in connection with the privacy provisions of GLBA.

Dividends and Other Transfer of Funds

Dividends from the Bank constitute the principal source of cash to the Company. The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank. The Bank is subject to various statutory and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay dividends to the Company. Under such restrictions, the amount available for payment of dividends to the Company by the Bank totaled $38.4 million at December 31, 2019. During 2019, the Bank paid $13.2 million in dividends to the Company.

The FDIC and the DBO also have authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in activities that, in their opinion, constitute unsafe or unsound practices in conducting its business. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the bank in question and other factors, that the FDIC or the DBO could assert that the payment of dividends or other payments might, under some circumstances, be an unsafe or unsound practice. Further, the FRB and the FDIC have established guidelines with respect to the maintenance of appropriate levels of capital by banks or bank holding companies under their jurisdiction. Compliance with the standards set forth in such guidelines and the restrictions that are or may be imposed under the prompt corrective action provisions of federal law could limit the amount of dividends that the Bank or the Company may pay. An insured depository institution is prohibited from paying management fees to any controlling persons or, with certain limited exceptions, making capital distributions if after such transaction the institution would be undercapitalized. The DBO may impose similar limitations on the Bank. See “Prompt Corrective Action” and “Capital Standards” for a discussion of these additional restrictions on capital distributions.

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Transactions with Affiliates

The Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law on any extensions of credit to, or the issuance of a guarantee or letter of credit on behalf of the Company or other affiliates, the purchase of, or investments in stock or other securities thereof, the taking of such securities as collateral for loans & leases, and the purchase of assets of the Company or other affiliates. Such restrictions prevent the Company and other affiliates from borrowing from the Bank unless the loans are secured by marketable obligations of designated amounts. Further, such secured loans and investments by the Bank to or in the Company or to or in any other affiliates are limited, individually, to 10% of the Bank’s capital and surplus (as defined by federal regulations), and such secured loans and investments are limited, in the aggregate, to 20% of the Bank’s capital and surplus (as defined by federal regulations).

In addition, the Company and its operating subsidiaries generally may not purchase a low-quality asset from an affiliate, and other specified transactions between the Company or its operating subsidiaries and an affiliate must be on terms and conditions that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices.

Also, the Company and its operating subsidiaries may engage in transactions with affiliates only on terms and under conditions that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the Company or its subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with (or that in good faith would be offered to) non-affiliated companies.

California law also imposes certain restrictions with respect to transactions with affiliates. Additionally, limitations involving the transactions with affiliates may be imposed on the Bank under the prompt corrective action provisions of federal law. See “Prompt Corrective Action.”

Safety and Soundness Standards

The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines that establish operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of federally insured depository institutions. The guidelines set forth standards for internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality and earnings.

In general, the safety and soundness guidelines prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. If an institution fails to comply with any of the standards set forth in the guidelines, the financial institution’s primary federal regulator may require the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. If a financial institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan, or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan that has been accepted by its primary federal regulator, the regulator is required to issue an order directing the institution to cure the deficiency. Until the deficiency cited in the regulator’s order is cured, the regulator may restrict the financial institution’s rate of growth, require the financial institution to increase its capital, restrict the rates the institution pays on deposits or require the institution to take any action the regulator deems appropriate under the circumstances. Noncompliance with the standards established by the safety and soundness guidelines may also constitute grounds for other enforcement action by the federal bank regulatory agencies, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalty assessments.

During the past decade, the bank regulatory agencies have increasingly emphasized the importance of sound risk management processes and strong internal controls when evaluating the activities of the financial institutions they supervise. Properly managing risks has been identified as critical to the conduct of safe and sound banking activities and has become even more important as new technologies, product innovation, and the size and speed of financial transactions have changed the nature of banking markets. The agencies have identified a spectrum of risks facing a banking institution including, but not limited to, credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal, and reputational risk. In particular, recent regulatory pronouncements have focused on operational risk, which arises from the potential that inadequate information systems, operational problems, breaches in internal controls, fraud, or unforeseen catastrophes will result in unexpected losses. New products and services, third-party risk management and cyber-security are critical sources of operational risk that financial institutions are expected to address in the current environment. The Bank is expected to have active board and senior management oversight; adequate policies, procedures, and limits; adequate risk measurement, monitoring, and management information systems; and comprehensive internal controls.

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Deposit Insurance

As an FDIC-insured institution, the Bank is required to pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC. The premiums fund the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”). The FDIC assesses a quarterly deposit insurance premium on each insured institution based on risk characteristics of the institution and may also impose special assessments in emergency situations. Effective July 1, 2016, the FDIC changed the deposit insurance assessment system for banks, such as the Bank, with less than $10 billion in assets that have been federally insured for at least five years. Among other changes, the FDIC eliminated risk categories for such banks and now uses the “financial ratios method” to determine assessment rates for all such banks. Under the financial ratios method, the FDIC determines assessment rates based on a combination of financial data and supervisory ratings that estimate a bank’s probability of failure within three years. The assessment rate determined by considering such information is then applied to the amount of the institution’s average assets minus average tangible equity to determine the institution’s insurance premium.

The Dodd-Frank Act requires the FDIC to ensure that the DIF reserve ratio, which is the amount in the DIF as a percentage of all DIF-insured deposits, reaches 1.35% by September 3, 2020. The Dodd-Frank Act also altered the minimum designated reserve ratio for the DIF, increasing the minimum from 1.15% to 1.35%, and eliminated the requirement that the FDIC pay dividends to depository institutions when the reserve ratio exceeds certain thresholds. At least semi-annually, the FDIC updates its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, may increase or decrease the assessment rates, following notice and comment on proposed rulemaking if required. As a result, the Bank’s FDIC deposit insurance premiums could increase.

The Bank’s FDIC premiums were $624,000 in 2019 and $912,000 in 2018. Future increases in insurance premiums could have adverse effects on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Company. Management cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order, or condition imposed by the FDIC or the Bank’s primary regulator. Management of the Company is not aware of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of the Company’s deposit insurance.

Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) and Fair Lending

The Bank is subject to certain fair lending requirements involving lending, investing, and other CRA activities. CRA requires each insured depository institution to identify the communities served by the institution’s offices and to identify the types of credit and investments the institution is prepared to extend within such communities including low and moderate-income neighborhoods. It also requires the institution’s regulators to assess the institution’s performance in meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such assessment into consideration in reviewing applications for mergers, acquisitions, relocation of existing branches, opening of new branches, and other transactions. A bank may be subject to substantial penalties and corrective measures for a violation of certain fair lending laws.

A bank’s compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act is assessed using an evaluation system, which bases CRA ratings on an institution’s lending, service and investment performance. An unsatisfactory rating may be the basis for denying a merger application. The Bank’s latest CRA examination was completed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in May 2019 and the Bank received an overall Outstanding rating in complying with its CRA obligations.

On December 12, 2019, the FDIC and the OCC announced a proposal to modernize the agencies’ regulations under the CRA that have not been substantively updated for nearly 25 years. The proposal will clarify what qualifies for credit under the CRA, enabling banks and their partners to better implement reinvestment and other activities that can benefit communities. The agencies will also create an additional definition of “assessment areas” tied to where deposits are located, in part to address changes that have occurred due to the rise in digital banking, ensuring that banks continue to provide loans and other services to low- and moderate-income persons in those areas.

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Consumer Protection Regulations

Banks and other financial institutions are subject to numerous laws and regulations intended to protect consumers in their transactions with banks. These laws include, among others, laws regarding unfair and deceptive acts and practices and usury laws, as well as the following consumer protection statutes: Truth in Lending Act, Truth in Savings Act, Electronic Fund Transfer Act, Expedited Funds Availability Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, Fair Housing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Right to Financial Privacy Act, Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, Military Lending Act and Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.

Many states and local jurisdictions have consumer protection laws analogous, and in addition, to those listed above. These federal, state and local laws regulate the manner in which financial institutions deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans or conducting other types of transactions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could give rise to regulatory sanctions, customer rescission rights, action by state and local attorneys general and civil or criminal liability. Failure to comply with consumer protection requirements may also result in our failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition transactions we may wish to pursue or our prohibition from engaging in such transactions even if approval is not required.

The structure of federal consumer protection regulation applicable to all providers of consumer financial products and services changed significantly on July 21, 2011, when the CFPB commenced operations to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The consumer protection provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and the examination, supervision and enforcement of those laws and implementing regulations by the CFPB have created a more intense and complex environment for consumer finance regulation. The CFPB has significant authority to implement and enforce federal consumer protection laws and new requirements for financial services products provided for in the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as the authority to identify and prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts and practices. The review of products and practices to prevent such acts and practices is a continuing focus of the CFPB, and of banking regulators more broadly. The ultimate impact of this heightened scrutiny is uncertain but could result in changes to pricing, practices, products and procedures. It could also result in increased costs related to regulatory oversight, supervision and examination, additional remediation efforts and possible penalties. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act provides the CFPB with broad supervisory, examination and enforcement authority over various consumer financial products and services, including the ability to require reimbursements and other payments to customers for alleged legal violations and to impose significant penalties, as well as injunctive relief that prohibits lenders from engaging in allegedly unlawful practices. The CFPB also has the authority to obtain cease and desist orders providing for affirmative relief or monetary penalties. The Dodd-Frank Act does not prevent states from adopting stricter consumer protection standards. State regulation of financial products and potential enforcement actions could also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The CFPB is authorized to issue rules for both bank and nonbank companies that offer consumer financial products and services, subject to consultation with the prudential banking regulators. In general, however, banks with assets of $10 billion or less, such as the Bank, will continue to be examined for consumer compliance by their primary bank regulator.

Notice and Approval Requirements Related to Control

Banking laws impose notice, approval and ongoing regulatory requirements on any stockholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution. These laws include the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act. Among other things, these laws require regulatory filings by a stockholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or bank holding company. The determination whether an investor “controls” a depository institution is based on all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the investment. As a general matter, a party is deemed to control a depository institution or other company if the party owns or controls 25% or more of any class of voting stock. Subject to rebuttal, a party may be presumed to control a depository institution or other company if the investor owns or controls 10% or more of any class of voting stock. Ownership by family members, affiliated parties, or parties acting in concert, is typically aggregated for these purposes. If a party’s ownership of the Company were to exceed certain thresholds, the investor could be deemed to “control” the Company for regulatory purposes. This could subject the investor to regulatory filings or other regulatory consequences.

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In addition, except under limited circumstances, bank holding companies are prohibited from acquiring, without prior approval:

• control of any other bank or bank holding company or all or substantially all the assets thereof; or

• more than 5% of the voting shares of a bank or bank holding company which is not already a subsidiary.

Incentive Compensation

In 2010, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued comprehensive guidance intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of those organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The incentive compensation guidance sets expectations for banking organizations concerning their incentive compensation arrangements and related risk-management, control and governance processes. The incentive compensation guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon three primary principles: (1) balanced risk-taking incentives; (2) compatibility with effective controls and risk management; and (3) strong corporate governance. Any deficiencies in compensation practices that are identified may be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect its ability to make acquisitions or take other actions. In addition, under the incentive compensation guidance, a banking organization’s federal supervisor may initiate enforcement action if the organization’s incentive compensation arrangements pose a risk to the safety and soundness of the organization.

In 2016, several federal financial agencies (including the FRB and FDIC) re-proposed restrictions on incentive-based compensation pursuant to Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Act for financial institutions with $1 billion or more in total consolidated assets. For institutions with at least $1 billion but less than $50 billion in total consolidated assets, the proposal would impose principles-based restrictions that are broadly consistent with existing interagency guidance on incentive-based compensation. Such institutions would be prohibited from entering into incentive compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks by the institution (i) by providing an executive officer, employee, director, or principal shareholder with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits, or (ii) that could lead to material financial loss to the institution. The comment period for these proposed regulations has closed, but a final rule has not been published. Depending upon the outcome of the rule making process, the application of this rule to us could require us to revise our compensation strategy, increase our administrative costs and adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain qualified employees. Further, as discussed above, the Basel III Capital Rules limit discretionary bonus payments to bank executives if the institution’s regulatory capital ratios fail to exceed certain thresholds that started being phased in on January 1, 2016.

Available Information

Company reports filed with the SEC including the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and ownership reports filed by directors, executive officers and principal stockholders can be accessed through the Company’s website at http://www.fmbonline.com. The link to the SEC is on the About Us page. The Company’s reports may also be accessed at the SEC’s Internet website (http://www.sec.gov).

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock is subject to risks inherent in our business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes may affect our business are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this 10-K Report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our business. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair our business operations. This 10-K Report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If any of the following risks actually occur, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of our common stock could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

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Risks Associated With Our Business

Economic Conditions Nationally And In Our Service Areas Could Adversely Affect Our Operations And/Or Cause Us To Sustain Losses- The national economy and the economy of other portions of California have, for the most part, experienced solid improvements since the recession of 2007-2012. However, the economy of the Central Valley of California, which remains the Company’s primary market area, despite having improved, continues to experience challenges. This is reflected in:

• continuing public sector financial stress, both at the local and statewide level. See “Item 1. Business – Service Area.” For example, the State of California, a large employer in one of the Company’s market territories, continues to experience financial challenges, particularly relating to the funding of pension and other financial commitments made to retired employees; and

• levels of unemployment that remain above statewide and nationwide averages and home prices that have improved but remain below peak levels in many market segments.

Although we have initiated efforts to broaden our geographic footprint to include Contra Costa, Solano and Napa counties, our retail and commercial banking operations remain primarily concentrated in Sacramento, San Joaquin, Stanislaus and Merced counties. See “Item 1. Business – Service Area.” As a result of this geographic concentration, our results of operations depend largely upon economic conditions in these areas. Whereas much of this area has improved, real estate values remain below peak prices and unemployment remains above most other areas in the state and country. As a result, risk still remains from the possibility that losses will be sustained if a significant number of our borrowers, guarantors and related parties fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans or leases. We have adopted underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and credit policies, including the establishment and review of the allowance for credit losses, that management believes are appropriate to minimize this risk by assessing the likelihood of nonperformance, tracking loan & lease performance and diversifying our credit portfolio. These policies and procedures; however, may not prevent unexpected losses that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations in general and the market value of our stock. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview - Looking Forward: 2020 and Beyond.”

Additionally, despite the stability of our earnings over the last several years, economic uncertainties could return and the full extent of the repercussions on our local economies in general and our business in particular are still not fully known at this time. Such events may have a negative effect on: (i) our ability to service our existing customers and attract new customers; (ii) the ability of our borrowers to operate their business as successfully as in the past; (iii) the financial security and net worth of our customers; and (iv) the ability of our customers to repay their loans or leases with us in accordance with the terms thereof.

Our Allowance For Credit Losses May Not Be Adequate To Cover Actual Losses - A significant source of risk arises from the possibility that losses could be sustained because borrowers, guarantors, and related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans & leases. The underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures that we have adopted to address this risk may not prevent unexpected losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Unexpected losses may arise from a wide variety of specific or systemic factors, many of which are beyond our ability to predict, influence, or control.

Like all financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for credit losses to provide for loan & lease defaults and non-performance. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses.” The allowance is funded from a provision for credit losses, which is a charge to our income statement. Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan & lease losses, and future provisions for credit losses could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The allowance for credit losses reflects our estimate of the probable losses in our loan & lease portfolio at the relevant balance sheet date. Our allowance for credit losses is based on prior experience, as well as an evaluation of the known risks in the current portfolio, composition and growth of the loan & lease portfolio and other economic factors. The determination of an appropriate level of credit loss allowance is an inherently difficult process and is based on numerous assumptions. The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, that may be beyond our control and these losses may exceed current estimates.

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The process we use to estimate losses inherent in our credit exposure requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

While we believe that our allowance for credit losses is adequate to cover our estimate of the current probable losses, we cannot assure you that we will not increase the allowance for credit losses further or that regulators will not require us to increase this allowance. Either of these occurrences could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update, Financial Instruments: Credit Losses (“CECL”), which establishes a new impairment framework also known as the “current expected credit loss model.” In contrast to the incurred loss model currently used by financial entities like us, the current expected credit loss model requires an allowance be recognized based on the expected credit losses (i.e. all contractual cash flows that the entity does not expect to collect from financial assets or commitments to extend credit). It requires the consideration of more forward-looking information than is permitted under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition to relevant information about past events and current conditions, such as borrowers’ current creditworthiness, quantitative and qualitative factors specific to borrowers, and the economic environment in which the entity operates, the new model requires consideration of reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of the financial assets’ remaining contractual cash flows, and evaluation of the forecasted direction of the economic cycle, as well as time value of money. This proposed impairment framework is expected to have wide reaching implications to financial institutions such as us. The CECL model will become effective for the Bank for fiscal year 2020. See Note 20, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

We Are Dependent On Real Estate And Downturns In The Real Estate Market Could Hurt Our Business - A significant portion of our loan portfolio is dependent on real estate. See “Item 1. Business – Supervision and Regulation - Prompt Corrective Action.” At December 31, 2019, real estate served as the principal source of collateral with respect to approximately 70% of our loans outstanding. Stresses in economic conditions in our local markets or rising interest rates could have an adverse effect on the demand for new loans, the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, the value of real estate and other collateral securing loans and the value of real estate owned by us, as well as our financial condition and results of operations in general and the market value of our common stock.

Acts of nature, including earthquakes, floods and fires, which may cause uninsured damage and other loss of value to real estate that secures these loans, may also negatively impact our financial condition.

Our Real Estate Lending Also Exposes Us To The Risk Of Environmental Liabilities - In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate, and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third persons for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, as the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our Business Is Subject To Interest Rate Risk And Changes In Interest Rates May Adversely Affect Our Performance And Financial Condition - Our earnings are impacted by changing interest rates. Changes in interest rates impact the demand for new loans & leases, the credit profile of our borrowers, the rates received on loans & leases and securities and rates paid on deposits and borrowings. The difference between the rates received on loans & leases and securities and the rates paid on deposits and borrowings is known as the net interest margin. Although the FRB decreased short-term interest rates by .75% during 2019, the Company’s net interest margin improved slightly over the prior year. However, looking forward, if short-term rates continue to drop, when combined with aggressive competitor pricing strategies, particularly for deposits, our net interest margin could be adversely impacted in 2020.

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Future levels of market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings. Our CRE and commercial loans carry interest rates that, in general, adjust in accordance with changes in the prime rate. We are also significantly affected by the level of loan & lease demand available in our market. The inability to make sufficient loans & leases directly affects the interest income we earn. Lower loan & lease demand will generally result in lower interest income realized as we place funds in lower yielding investments. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview - Looking Forward: 2020 and Beyond.”

Although we believe our current level of interest rate sensitivity is reasonable, significant fluctuations in interest rates and increasing competition may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Net Interest Income/Net Interest Margin” and “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Interest Rate Risk.”

Our Accounting Estimates and Risk Management Processes Rely On Analytical and Forecasting Models - The processes we use to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depends upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation. If the models we use for interest rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, we may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest rates or other market measures. If the models we use to measure the fair value of financial instruments are inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what we could realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in our analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure To Successfully Execute Our Strategy Could Adversely Affect Our Performance - Our financial performance and profitability depends on our ability to execute our corporate growth strategy. Continued growth however, may present operating and other problems that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to execute our growth strategy or maintain the level of profitability that we have recently experienced. Factors that may adversely affect our ability to attain our long-term financial performance goals include those stated elsewhere in this section, as well as the:

• inability to maintain or increase net interest margin;

• inability to control non-interest expense, including, but not limited to, rising employee and healthcare costs and the costs of regulatory compliance;

• inability to maintain or increase non-interest income;

• the need to raise additional capital to support growth and regulatory requirements; and

• continuing ability to expand through de novo branching or otherwise.

Growth May Produce Unfavorable Outcomes - We seek to expand our franchise safely and consistently. A successful growth strategy requires us to manage multiple aspects of the business simultaneously, such as following adequate loan underwriting standards, balancing loan and deposit growth without increasing interest rate risk or compressing our net interest margin, maintaining sufficient capital, and recruiting, training and retaining qualified professionals.

Our growth strategy also includes acquisition possibilities (such as Delta National Bancorp & Bank of Rio Vista) that either enhance our market presence or have potential for improved profitability through financial management, economies of scale or expanded services. We may be exposed to difficulties in combining the operations of acquired institutions into our own operations, which may prevent us from achieving the expected benefits from our acquisition activities. Inherent uncertainties exist in integrating the operations of an acquired institution and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so successfully. Among the issues that we could face are:

• unexpected problems with operations, personnel, technology or credit;

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• loss of customers and employees of the acquiree;

• difficulty in working with the acquiree’s employees and customers;

• the assimilation of the acquiree’s operations, culture and personnel;

• instituting and maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; and

• litigation risk not discovered during the due diligence period.

Undiscovered factors as a result of an acquisition could bring liabilities against us, our management and the management of the institutions we acquire. These factors could contribute to our not achieving the expected benefits from our acquisitions within desired time frames, if at all. Further, although we anticipate cost savings as a result of mergers, we may not be able to fully realize those savings. Any cost savings that are realized may be offset by losses in revenues or other charges to earnings.

New Market Areas And New Lines Of Business Or New Products And Services May Subject Us To Additional Risks. A Failure To Successfully Manage These Risks May Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business - As part of our growth strategy, we have implemented and may continue to implement new market areas and new lines of business. We recently have begun to (i) expand into the East Bay area of San Francisco and Napa, which are new market areas for us, and (ii) introduce equipment leasing as a new product line. There are risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where such product lines are not fully mature. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services and/or shifting the focus of our asset mix and/or expanding into new markets, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives in these markets and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation. Failure to successfully manage these risks could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Financial Results Can Be Impacted By The Cyclicality and Seasonality Of Our Agricultural Business And The Risks Related Thereto - The Company has provided financing to agricultural customers in the Central Valley throughout its history. We recognize the cyclical nature of the industry, often caused by fluctuating commodity prices, changing climatic conditions and the availability of seasonal labor, and manage these risks accordingly. The Company remains committed to providing credit to agricultural customers and will always have a material exposure to this industry. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is believed to be well diversified, at various times during 2019 approximately 35% of the Company’s loan balances were outstanding to agricultural borrowers. Commitments are well diversified across various commodities, including dairy, grapes, walnuts, almonds, cherries, apples, pears, and various row crops. Additionally, many individual borrowers are themselves diversified across commodity types, reducing their exposure, and therefore the Company’s, to cyclical downturns in any one commodity.

The Company’s service areas can also be significantly impacted by the seasonal operations of the agricultural industry. As a result, the Company’s financial results can be influenced by the banking needs of its agricultural customers (e.g., generally speaking during the spring and summer customers draw down their deposit balances and increase loan borrowing to fund the purchase of equipment and the planting of crops. Correspondingly, deposit balances are replenished and loans repaid in late fall and winter as crops are harvested and sold).

The Impact of Climate and Government on The Availability of Water is a Long Term Risk That Could Affect Our Customers’ Businesses - The State of California experienced drought conditions from 2013 through most of 2016. Since 2016, reasonable levels of rain and snow have alleviated drought conditions in many areas of California, including those in the Company’s primary service area. As a result, reservoir levels are normal and the availability of water in our primary service area should not be an issue. However, the weather patterns over the past 5 years further reinforce the fact that the long-term risks associated with the availability of water are significant.

The farming belt of the Central Valley was often cited as an example of an area that experienced extreme drought during 2013 - 2016. However, it is important to understand that not all areas of the state were impacted equally, and this is particularly true in the Central Valley, which stretches some 450 miles from Bakersfield in the south to Redding in the north. The vast majority of the Company’s agricultural customers are located in the more northern portion of the Central Valley, an area that benefits from the drainage of the Sacramento, American, Mokelumne and Stanislaus rivers. As a result, even during the worst of the drought farmers in this area still had access to reasonable ground water sources that were economical to pump.

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Importantly, the Company has minimal credit exposure in the more southern portion of the Central Valley, defined broadly as an area south of Highway 152, but more importantly the Fresno area and south (including the Westlands Water District). In most of these areas ground water levels were depleted, making farmers increasingly dependent on the delivery of surface water from the Central Valley Project, which cut back deliveries to many farmers during the worst of the drought.

In addition to the impact of climate on the availability of water, the “politics” of water, and how the state and federal governments ultimately manage this resource, could also impact how much water our customers have access to. For example:

• Many of our agricultural customers have senior riparian water rights, which provide them the legal right to access surface water from the rivers that abut their property. In the spring of 2015, the State of California took the extreme step of threatening to curtail certain riparian water rights for those farmers taking water from the Delta, and as a result affected growers agreed to voluntarily cutback 25% of their normal water usage as opposed to undertaking a protracted legal fight. Even with these cutbacks, our agricultural customers still had access to sufficient levels of water to satisfy their needs.

• In 2014, the State of California passed the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. All Water Districts must develop plans to comply with the Act, including groundwater recharge programs. Although the exact impact of compliance is not currently known, and even prior to 2014 most of the Water Districts in the Bank’s service area had been developing and implementing management plans, it is possible that some Water Districts will have to ultimately fallow some ground to achieve compliance with the Act.

These situations point out how the “politics” of water can also affect the availability of water.

The Company monitors the water situation through: (i) regularly reviewing ground water level reports provided by California’s Department of Water Resources; (ii) requiring water budgets and plans from all of our agricultural borrowers that detail the sources of their irrigation water and the irrigation requirements to achieve their crop plan; and (iii) in the case of new permanent crop development projects, requiring well tests.

We Face Strong Competition From Financial Service Companies And Other Companies That Offer Banking Services That Could Adversely Impact Our Business - The financial services business in our market areas is highly competitive. It is becoming increasingly competitive due to changes in regulation, technological advances, and the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial services providers. We face competition both in attracting deposits and in making loans & leases. We compete for loans & leases principally through the interest rates and loan & lease fees we charge and the efficiency and quality of services we provide. Increasing levels of competition in the banking and financial services business may reduce our market share, decrease loan & lease demand, cause the prices we charge for our services to fall, or decrease our net interest margin by forcing us to offer lower lending interest rates and pay higher deposit interest rates. Therefore, our results may differ in future periods depending upon the nature or level of competition.

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Many of our competitors offer products and services that we do not offer, and many have substantially greater resources, such as greater capital resources and more access to longer term, lower cost funding sources. Many also have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business. In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans & lease and deposits more aggressively than we do. Our larger competitors generally have easier access to capital, and often on better terms. Some of the financial services organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as is imposed on bank holding companies and federally insured state-chartered banks, national banks and federal savings institutions. As a result, these non-bank competitors have certain advantages over us in accessing funding and in providing various services. Other competitors are subject to similar regulation but have the advantages of larger established customer bases, higher lending limits, extensive branch networks, numerous automated teller machines, greater advertising and marketing budgets or other factors. Some of our competitors have other advantages, such as tax exemption in the case of credit unions, and lesser regulation in the case of mortgage companies and specialty finance companies.

Deposit Insurance Assessments Could Increase At Any Time, Which Will Adversely Affect Profits - FDIC deposit insurance expense for the years 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $624,000, $912,000, and $932,000, respectively. During 2016 the FDIC changed its methodology for calculating deposit premiums, See “Item 1. Business – Supervision and Regulation – Deposit Insurance.” Any increases could have adverse effects on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Company.

We May Not Be Able To Attract And Retain Skilled People - Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most of our activities can be intense and we may not be able to hire people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of our key personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business because of their skills, knowledge of our market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.

Our Internal Operations Are Subject To A Number Of Risks - We are subject to certain operations risks, including, but not limited to, information system failures and errors, customer or employee fraud and catastrophic failures resulting from terrorist acts or natural disasters. We maintain a system of internal controls to mitigate against such occurrences and maintain insurance coverage for such risks that are insurable, but should such an event occur that is not prevented or detected by our internal controls, uninsured or in excess of applicable insurance limits, it could have a significant adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan & leases and other systems. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

Natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans and lessees to make lease payments, impair the value of collateral securing loans & leases, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. Operations in several of our markets could be disrupted by both the evacuation of large portions of the population as well as damage and or lack of access to our banking and operation facilities. While we have not experienced such an occurrence to date, other natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other adverse external events may occur in the future. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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The Value of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets May Decline in the Future - As of December 31, 2019, we had goodwill totaling $11.2 million and a core deposit intangible asset totaling $4.6 million from business acquisitions. A significant decline in expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates or a significant and sustained decline in the price of our common stock could necessitate taking charges in the future related to the impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets. If we were to conclude that a future write-down of goodwill or other intangible assets is necessary, we would record the appropriate charge, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Depend On Cash Dividends From The Bank To Meet Our Cash Obligations - As a holding company, dividends from the Bank provide a substantial portion of our cash flow used to service the interest payments on our subordinated debentures issued in 2003 and our other obligations, including cash dividends. See “Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.” Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends our subsidiary bank can pay to us without regulatory approval.

A Lack Of Liquidity Could Adversely Affect Our Operations And Jeopardize Our Business, Financial Condition And Results Of Operations - Liquidity is essential to our business. We rely on our ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the repayment and maturity schedules of our loans and investment securities, respectively, to ensure that we have adequate liquidity to fund our operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of our investment securities, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, the sale of loans and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our most important source of funds consists of deposits. Deposit balances can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments as providing a better risk/return tradeoff. If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other investments, we would lose a relatively low-cost source of funds, increasing our funding costs and reducing our net interest income and net income.

Other primary sources of funds consist of cash flows from operations, investment maturities and sales of investment securities and proceeds from the issuance and sale of any equity and debt securities to investors. Additional liquidity is provided by the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank and our ability to raise brokered deposits. We also may borrow funds from third-party lenders, such as other financial institutions. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities, or on terms that are acceptable to us, could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the bank or non-bank financial services industries or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the bank or non-bank financial services industries.

As of December 31, 2019, approximately $1.7 billion, or 51.6%, of our deposits consisted of interest-bearing demand deposits, savings and money market accounts. Based on past experience, we believe that our deposit accounts are relatively stable sources of funds. If we increase interest rates paid to retain deposits, our earnings may be adversely affected, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses, pay dividends to our stockholders or to fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.

System failure or breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other liabilities - The computer systems and network infrastructure we use could be vulnerable to hardware and cyber-security issues. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our computer equipment against damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or a similar catastrophic event. We could also experience a breach by intentional or negligent conduct on the part of employees or other internal or external sources, including our third-party vendors. Any damage or failure that causes an interruption in our operations could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect the computer systems and network infrastructure utilized by us, including our internet banking activities, against damage from physical break-ins, cyber-security breaches and other disruptive problems caused by the internet or other users. Such computer break-ins and other disruptions would jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability, damage our reputation and inhibit the use of our internet banking services by current and potential customers.

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We rely heavily on communications, information systems (both internal and provided by third-parties) and the internet to conduct our business. Our business is dependent on our ability to process and monitor large numbers of daily transactions in compliance with legal, regulatory and internal standards and specifications. In addition, a significant portion of our operations relies heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of personal and confidential information, such as the personal information of our customers and clients. In recent periods, several governmental agencies and large corporations, including financial service organizations and retail companies, have suffered major data breaches, in some cases exposing not only their confidential and proprietary corporate information, but also sensitive financial and other personal information of their clients  and their employees or other third-parties, and subjecting those agencies and corporations to potential fraudulent activity and their clients and other third-parties to identity theft and fraudulent activity in their credit card and banking accounts. Therefore, security breaches and cyber-attacks can cause significant increases in operating costs, including the costs of compensating clients and customers for any resulting losses they may incur and the costs and capital expenditures required to correct the deficiencies in and strengthen the security of data processing and storage systems. These risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase mobile payments and other internet-based product offerings and expand our internal usage of web-based products and applications.

In addition to well-known risks related to fraudulent activity, which take many forms, such as check “kiting” or fraud, wire fraud, and other dishonest acts, information security breaches and cyber-security related incidents have become a material risk in the financial services industry. For example, U.S. financial institutions have experienced significant distributed denial-of-service attacks, some of which involve sophisticated and targeted attacks intended to disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems. Other potential attacks attempt to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, steal money, or manipulate or destroy data, often through the introduction of computer viruses or malware, cyber-attacks and other means. Other threats of this type may include fraudulent or unauthorized access to data processing or data storage systems used by us or by our clients, electronic identity theft, “phishing,” account takeover, and malware or other cyber-attacks. To date, none of these types of attacks have had a material effect on our business or operations. Such security attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources, including persons who are involved with organized crime or who may be linked to terrorist organizations or hostile foreign governments. Those same parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or that of our customers or clients.

We are also subject to the risk that our employees may intercept and transmit unauthorized confidential or proprietary information. An interception, misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a customer or third-party could result in legal liabilities, remediation costs, regulatory actions and reputational harm.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to anticipate, detect, or recognize these threats to our systems, or to implement effective preventative measures against all breaches, whether those breaches are malicious or accidental. Cyber-security risks for banking organizations have significantly increased in recent years and have been difficult to detect before they occur because of the following, among other reasons:

• the proliferation of new technologies, and the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions;

• these threats arise from numerous sources, not all of which are in our control, including among others human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third-parties, accidental technological failure, electrical or telecommunication outages, failures of computer servers or other damage to our property or assets, natural disasters or severe weather conditions, or terrorist acts;

• the techniques used in cyber-attacks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched or until well after the breach has occurred;

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• the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime groups, hackers, terrorist organizations, hostile foreign governments, disgruntled employees or vendors, activists and other external parties, including those involved in corporate espionage;

• the vulnerability of systems to third-parties seeking to gain access to such systems either directly or using equipment or security passwords belonging to employees, customers, third-party service providers or other users of our systems; and

• our frequent transmission of sensitive information to, and storage of such information by, third-parties, including our vendors and regulators, and possible weaknesses that go undetected in our data systems notwithstanding the testing we conduct of those systems.

Our investments in systems and processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyber-attacks and our conduct of periodic tests of our security systems and processes, may not succeed in anticipating or adequately protecting against or preventing all security breaches and cyber-attacks from occurring.Even the most advanced internal control environment may be vulnerable to compromise. Targeted social engineering attacks are becoming more sophisticated and are extremely difficult to prevent. Additionally, the existence of cyber-attacks or security breaches at third-parties with access to our data, such as vendors, may not be disclosed to us in a timely manner. As cyber-threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents.We maintain a system of internal controls and insurance coverage to mitigate against operational risks, including data processing system failures and errors and customer or employee fraud. If our internal controls fail to prevent or detect an occurrence, or if any resulting loss is not insured or exceeds applicable insurance limits, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As is the case with non-electronic fraudulent activity, cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, whether directed at us or third-parties, may result in a material loss or have material consequences. Furthermore, the public perception that a cyber-attack on our systems has been successful, whether or not this perception is correct, may damage our reputation with customers and third-parties with whom we do business. A successful penetration or circumvention of system security could cause us negative consequences, including loss of customers and business opportunities, disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation or destruction of our confidential information and/or that of our customers, or damage to our customers’ and/or third-parties’ computers or systems, and could expose us to additional regulatory scrutiny and result in a violation of applicable privacy laws and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, additional compliance costs, and could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

We Rely On Third-Party Vendors For Important Aspects Of Our Operation - We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information and systems provided by certain key vendors, including but not limited to data processing, payroll processing, technology support, investment safekeeping and accounting. Our ability to operate, as well as our financial condition and results of operations, could be negatively affected in the event of an interruption of an information system, an undetected error, a cyber breach, or in the event of a natural disaster whereby certain vendors are unable to maintain business continuity.

We May Be Adversely Affected By The Soundness Of Other Financial Institutions - Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty and other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, broker-dealers, investment banks and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated if our collateral cannot be foreclosed upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit or cover the derivative exposure due. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Deterioration Of Credit Quality Or Insolvency Of Insurance Companies May Impede Our Ability To Recover Losses - The financial crisis led certain major insurance companies to be downgraded by rating agencies. We have property, casualty and financial institution risk coverage underwritten by several insurance companies. In addition, some of our investments in obligations of state and political subdivisions are insured by insurance companies. While we closely monitor credit ratings of our insurers and insurers of our municipality securities, and we are poised to make quick changes if needed, we cannot predict an unexpected inability to honor commitments. We also invest in bank-owned life insurance policies on certain members of senior Management, which may lose value in the event of the carriers’ insolvency. In the event that our bank-owned life insurance policy carriers’ credit ratings fall below investment grade, we may exchange policies underwritten by them to another carrier at a cost charged by the original carrier, or we may terminate the policies that may result in adverse tax consequences.

Our loan portfolio is also primarily secured by properties located in earthquake or fire-prone zones. In the event of a disaster that causes pervasive damage to the region in which we operate, not only the Bank, but also the loan collateral may suffer losses not recovered by insurance.

Risks Associated With Our Industry

We Are Subject To Government Regulation That Could Limit Or Restrict Our Activities, Which In Turn Could Adversely Impact Our Financial Performance - The financial services industry is regulated extensively and we are subject to examination, supervision and comprehensive regulations by various regulatory agencies. Federal and state regulations are designed primarily to protect the deposit insurance funds and consumers, and not to benefit our stockholders. These regulations can sometimes impose significant limitations on our operations and increase our cost of doing business.

Further, federal monetary policy, particularly as implemented by the FRB, significantly affects economic conditions for us.

Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of, and federal insurance premiums paid by, banks and other financial institutions and companies that control such institutions are frequently raised in the U.S. Congress, the California legislature and before bank regulatory authorities. The likelihood of any major changes in the future and the impact such changes, including the Dodd-Frank Act, might have on us or the Bank are impossible to determine. Similarly, proposals to change the accounting treatment applicable to banks and other depository institutions are frequently raised by the SEC, the federal banking agencies, the IRS and other appropriate authorities. The likelihood and impact of any additional future changes in law or regulation and the impact such changes might have on us or the Bank are impossible to determine at this time.

Risks Associated With Our Stock

Our Stock Trades Less Frequently Than Others - The Company’s common stock is not widely held or listed on any exchange. However, trades are reported on the OTCQX under the symbol “FMCB”. Management is aware that there are private transactions in the Company’s common stock. However, the limited trading market for the Company’s common stock may make it difficult for stockholders to dispose of their shares.

Our Stock Price Is Affected By A Variety Of Factors - Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for you to resell your common stock when you want and at prices you find attractive. Our stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors discussed in this section, including, among other things:

• actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations;

• operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to our Company;

• news reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in the financial services industry;

• available investment liquidity in our market area since our stock is not listed on any exchange; and

• perceptions in the marketplace regarding our Company and/or its competitors.

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Our Common Stock Is Not An Insured Deposit - Our common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund or by any other public or private entity. Investment in our common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this report and is subject to the same market forces that affect the price of common stock in any company. As a result, if you acquire our common stock, you may lose some or all of your investment.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

The Company has no unresolved comments received from staff at the SEC.

Item 2. Properties

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and its subsidiaries are headquartered in Lodi, California. Executive offices are located at 111 W. Pine Street. Banking services are provided in twenty-nine branches in the Company’s service area. Of the twenty-nine branches, nineteen are owned and ten are leased. The expiration of these leases occurs between the years 2020 and 2028. See Note 19, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Certain lawsuits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business have been filed or are pending against the Company or its subsidiaries. Based upon information available to the Company, its review of such lawsuits and claims and consultation with its counsel, the Company believes the liability relating to these actions, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

There are no material proceedings adverse to the Company to which any director, officer or affiliate of the Company is a party.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The common stock of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp is not widely held or listed on any exchange. However, trades are reported on the OTCQX under the symbol “FMCB”. Additionally, management is aware that there are private transactions in the Company’s common stock.

The following tables summarize the actual high, low, and close sale prices for the Company’s common stock since the first quarter of 2018. These figures are based on activity posted on the OTCQX and on private transactions between individual stockholders that are reported to the Company. Since there is limited trading in our stock, (See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Associated With Our Stock”) the “Close” sale prices represent the volume weighted average close prices for the last month of the quarter.

	Calendar Quarter	High		Low		Close		Cash Dividends Declared (Per Share)
2019	Fourth quarter	$	804	$	755	$	768	$	7.50
	Third quarter		850		757		780		-
	Second quarter		950		700		795		7.05
	First quarter		788		695		725		-

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	Calendar Quarter	High		Low		Close		Cash Dividends Declared (Per Share)
2018	Fourth quarter	$	725	$	665	$	700	$	7.00
	Third quarter		735		650		719		-
	Second quarter		727		650		712		6.90
	First quarter		679		641		645		-

As of January 31, 2020, there were approximately 1,650 stockholders of record of the Company’s common stock. However, since approximately 30% of our common stock shares are held by brokers on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to determine the exact total number of stockholders.

The Company and, before the Company was formed, the Bank, has paid cash dividends for the past 85 consecutive years. There are limitations under Delaware corporate law as to the amounts of cash dividends that may be paid by the Company. Additionally, if we decided to defer interest on our 2003 subordinated debentures, we would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on the Company’s common stock. The Company is dependent on cash dividends paid by the Bank to fund its cash dividend payments to its stockholders. There are regulatory limitations on cash dividends that may be paid by the Bank. See “Item 1. Business – Supervision and Regulation.”

In 1998, the Board approved the Company’s first common stock repurchase program. This program has been extended and expanded several times since then, and most recently, on November 6, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an extension of the $20 million stock repurchase program over the three-year period ending December 31, 2021.

Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time on the open market or through private transactions. The repurchase program also requires that no purchases may be made if the Bank would not remain “well-capitalized” after the repurchase.

There were no stock repurchases in 2019 or 2018 under the Stock Repurchase Plan. However, in the third quarter of 2018 the Company did repurchase $31.2 million of shares, at $700 per share, in a single transaction from the estate of a large shareholder. The remaining dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Company’s Common Stock Repurchase Plan is approximately $20 million.

On May 24, 2018, stockholders approved a proposal to increase our authorized shares of common stock from 7,500,000 to 40,000,000. In approving this proposal the stockholders also granted the Board discretionary authority (i.e., without further stockholder action) to determine whether to delay the proposed amendment. The Company has no immediate plans to effect the increase in the authorized shares of common stock.

On August 5, 2008, the Board of Directors approved a Share Purchase Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”), pursuant to which the Company entered into a Rights Agreement dated August 5, 2008, with Computershare as Rights Agent, and the Company declared a dividend of a right to acquire one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 15, 2008. Generally, the Rights are only triggered and become exercisable if a person or group (the “Acquiring Person”) acquires beneficial ownership of 10 percent or more of the Company’s common stock or announces a tender offer for 10 percent or more of the Company’s common stock.

The Rights Plan is similar to plans adopted by many other publicly traded companies. The effect of the Rights Plan is to discourage any potential acquirer from triggering the Rights without first convincing the Company’s Board of Directors that the proposed acquisition is fair to, and in the best interest of, all of the stockholders of the Company. The provisions of the Plan, if triggered by the Acquiring Person, will substantially dilute the equity and voting interest of any potential acquirer unless the Board of Directors approves of the proposed acquisition (under Article XV of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors has the authority to consider any and all factors in determining whether an acquisition is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders). Each Right, if and when exercisable, will entitle the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, no par value, at a purchase price of $1,200 for each one one-hundredth of a share, subject to adjustment. Each holder of a Right (except for the Acquiring Person, whose Rights will be null and void upon such event) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, that number of Common Shares of the Company having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. At any time before a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Rights can be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, by Farmers and Merchants Bancorp’s Board of Directors at a price of $0.001 per Right.

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The Rights Plan was set to expire on August 5, 2018. On November 19, 2015, the Board of Directors approved a seven-year extension of the term of the Rights Plan.  Pursuant to an Amendment to the Rights Agreement dated February 18, 2016, the term of the Rights Plan was extended from August 5, 2018 to August 5, 2025. The extension of the term of the Rights Plan was intended as a means to continue to guard against abusive takeover tactics and was not in response to any particular proposal. The Board also increased the purchase price under the Rights Plan to $1,600 per one one-hundredth of a preferred share from $1,200, to reflect the increase in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the past several years.

During 2019, the Company issued a combined total 9,312 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $715.00 to $770.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital. See Note 13, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

During 2018, the Company issued a combined total 13,520 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. There were also 2,400 shares issued to individuals during the third quarter of 2018. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $635.00 to $690.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

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Performance Graphs

The following graph compares the Company’s cumulative total stockholder return on common stock from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2019 to that of: (i) the Morningstar Banks Index - Regional (US) Industry Group; and (ii) the cumulative total return of the New York Stock Exchange market index. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2014 and reinvestment of dividends. The stock price performance set forth in the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. The Company’s stock price data is based on activity posted on the OTCQX and on private transactions between individual stockholders that are reported to the Company. This data was furnished by Zacks SEC Compliance Services Group.

 

This graph shall not be deemed filed or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Five Year Financial Summary of Operations

(in thousands except per share data)

Summary of Income:	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Total Interest Income	$	153,708		$	133,453		$	114,612		$	99,266		$	90,075
Total Interest Expense		13,194			7,950			6,289			4,196			3,325
Net Interest Income		140,514			125,503			108,323			95,070			86,750
Provision for Credit Losses		200			5,533			2,850			6,335			750
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses		140,314			119,970			105,473			88,735			86,000
Total Non-Interest Income		17,241			15,219			16,762			15,257			14,575
Total Non-Interest Expense		82,242			75,459			67,754			58,172			56,259
Income Before Income Taxes		75,313			59,730			54,481			45,820			44,316
Provision for Income Taxes		19,277			14,203			26,111			16,097			16,924
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370		$	29,723		$	27,392
Balance Sheet Data:
Total Assets	$	3,721,830		$	3,434,243		$	3,075,452		$	2,922,121		$	2,615,345
Loans & Leases		2,673,027			2,571,241			2,215,295			2,177,601			1,996,359
Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012			55,266			50,342			47,919			41,523
Investment Securities		570,727			548,962			536,056			506,372			430,533
Goodwill		11,183			11,183			-			-			-
Core Deposit Intangible		4,640			5,278			836			946			-
Deposits		3,278,019			3,062,832			2,723,228			2,581,711			2,277,532
Shareholders’ Equity		369,296			311,215			299,660			279,981			251,835
Selected Ratios:
Return on Average Assets		1.61	%		1.45	%		0.94	%		1.12	%		1.12	%
Return on Average Equity		16.77	%		14.80	%		9.66	%		11.17	%		11.21	%
Dividend Payout Ratio		20.02	%		24.49	%		38.71	%		35.25	%		37.08	%
Average Loans & Leases to Average Deposits		84.38	%		84.36	%		82.18	%		88.63	%		84.44	%
Average Equity to Average Assets		9.61	%		9.66	%		9.77	%		10.05	%		10.02	%
Period-end Shareholders’ Equity to Total Assets		9.92	%		9.06	%		9.74	%		9.58	%		9.63	%
Basic and Diluted Per Share Data:
Earnings (1)	$	71.18		$	56.82		$	35.03		$	37.44		$	34.82
Cash Dividends Per Share	$	14.20		$	13.90		$	13.55		$	13.10		$	12.90
Book Value Per Share at Year End (2)	$	465.68		$	397.10		$	368.90		$	346.80		$	318.46

⁽¹⁾ Based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding of 787,227, 801,229, 809,834, 793,970, and 786,582 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

⁽²⁾ Based on the year-end number of shares outstanding of 793,033, 783,721, 812,304, 807,329, and 790,787 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Although the Company has initiated efforts to expand its geographic footprint into the East Bay area of San Francisco and Napa, California (see Item 1: Business – Service Area), the Company’s primary service area remains the mid Central Valley of California, a region that can be significantly impacted by the seasonal needs of the agricultural industry. Accordingly, discussion of the Company’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations is influenced by the seasonal banking needs of its agricultural customers (e.g., during the spring and summer customers draw down their deposit balances and increase loan borrowing to fund the purchase of equipment and planting of crops. Correspondingly, deposit balances are replenished and loans repaid in late fall and winter as crops are harvested and sold).

The Five-Year Period: 2015 through 2019

Through much of 2007 the economy in our primary service area was strong, the stock market rising and individuals and businesses doing well. Then in October 2007 the financial markets started what would become a major adjustment and an economic recession began, the impact of which is still being felt today in the Central Valley of California. The Central Valley was one of the hardest hit areas in the country during the recession. In many areas, housing prices declined as much as 60% and unemployment reached 15% or more. Although the economy has improved throughout most of the Central Valley, in many of the Company’s market segments housing prices remain below peak levels and unemployment levels remain above those in other areas of the state and country.

Despite this challenging economic environment, in management’s opinion, the Company’s operating performance over the past five years has been exceptionally strong.

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We used certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide supplemental information regarding our performance in 2017. Income Tax Expense for the year ended 2017 included a one-time, non-cash $6.3 million charge related to the re-measurement of the Company’s Deferred Tax Asset (“DTA”) as a result of the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017. We believed that presenting Adjusted Net Income, excluding the impact of the DTA re-measurement charge, provides additional clarity to the users of financial statements regarding core financial performance and allows for a better year-over-year comparison of trends in core profitability.

(in thousands, except per share data)

Financial Performance Indicator	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Pre Tax Income	$	75,313		$	59,730		$	54,481		$	45,820		$	44,316
Income Tax Expense		19,277			14,203			26,111			16,097			16,924
Effect of Income Tax Rate Change
DTA Re-measurement		-			-			(6,300	)		-			-
Adjusted Income Tax Expense		19,277			14,203			19,811			16,097			16,924
Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income		56,036			45,527			34,670			29,723			27,392
Effect of Income Tax Rate Change
DTA Re-measurement		-			-			(6,300	)		-			-
Net Income (See Note 1)	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370		$	29,723		$	27,392
Total Assets		3,721,830			3,434,243			3,075,452			2,922,121			2,615,345
Total Loans & Leases		2,673,027			2,571,241			2,215,295			2,177,601			1,996,359
Total Deposits		3,278,019			3,062,832			2,723,228			2,581,711			2,277,532
Total Shareholders’ Equity		369,296			311,215			299,660			279,981			251,835
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio		12.40	%		11.40	%		13.07	%		12.80	%		12.23	%
Non-Performing Loans as a % of Total Loans		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.14	%		0.11	%
Substandard Loans as a % of Total Loans		0.61	%		0.57	%		0.40	%		0.29	%		0.31	%
Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans		0.20	%		0.03	%		0.02	%		0.00	%		(0.30	%)
Loan Loss Allowance as a % of Total Loans		2.05	%		2.14	%		2.27	%		2.19	%		2.07	%
Return on Average Assets		1.61	%		1.45	%		0.94	%		1.12	%		1.12	%
Adjusted Return on Average Assets		1.61	%		1.45	%		1.15	%		1.12	%		1.12	%
Return on Average Equity		16.77	%		14.80	%		9.66	%		11.17	%		11.21	%
Adjusted Return on Average Equity		16.77	%		14.80	%		11.79	%		11.17	%		11.21	%
Earnings Per Share		71.18			56.82			35.03			37.44			34.82
Adjusted Earnings Per Share		71.18			56.82			42.81			37.44			34.82
Cash Dividends Per Share		14.20			13.90			13.55			13.10			12.90
Cash Dividends Declared		11,221			11,151			10,982			10,478			10,157

Note 1 – On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law by the President. Among other things, this legislation reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning January 1, 2018. Although the Company believes that this reduction in the corporate tax rate will continue to have a significant positive impact on future financial performance, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that all companies re-measure their DTA’s using the new lower tax rate as of the date of enactment of the legislation. As a result the Company’s net income for 2017 included a $6.3 million re-measurement reflected as a one-time, non-cash increase to income tax expense in the 4^th quarter. Our situation is not unique in that the majority of all financial institutions reported significant DTA re-measurements in the 4^th quarter of 2017. Excluding the impact of the $6.3 million DTA re-measurement, non-GAAP adjusted net income for the year totaled $34.6 million, an increase of $5.0 million or 16.8% over the prior year, which would have resulted in an adjusted return on average assets of 1.15% and adjusted return on average equity of 11.79%.

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Management believes that the Company’s performance compared very favorably to its peer banks during the five-year period ended December 31, 2019:

• Net income over the five-year period totaled $187 million.

• Return on Average Assets averaged 1.25% over the five-year period.

• Total assets increased 57.7% from $2.4 billion at December 31, 2014 to $3.7 billion at December 31, 2019.

• Total loans & leases increased 56.1% from $1.7 billion at December 31, 2014 to $2.7 billion at December 31, 2019.

• Total deposits increased 58.8% from $2.1 billion at December 31, 2014 to $3.3 billion at December 31, 2019.

More recently:

• In 2019, the Company earned $56.0 million for a return on average assets of 1.61%.

• In 2019, the Company increased its cash dividend per share by 2.2% over 2018 levels, and our strong financial performance has allowed us to increase dividends every year during this five-year period.

• The Company’s total risk based capital ratio was 12.40% at December 31, 2019, and the Bank achieved the highest regulatory classification of “well capitalized” in each of the previous five years. See “Financial Condition – Capital.”

• The Company continued to diversify its geographic footprint by acquiring (1) Delta National Bancorp with branches in Turlock, Manteca and Riverbank; and (2) Bank of Rio Vista with branches in Rio Vista and Walnut Grove.

• The Company’s asset quality remains very strong at the present time, when measured by: (1) net charge-offs at 0.20% of average loans & leases during 2019; (2) no non-accrual loans at December 31, 2019; and (3) substandard loans & leases totaling 0.61% of total loans & leases at December 31, 2019. See “Results of Operations – Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” and “Financial Condition – Classified Loans & Leases and Non-Performing Assets.”

Because of our strong earnings performance, capital position, and asset quality, stockholders have benefited from the fact that cash dividends per share have increased 11.8% since 2014, and totaled $67.65 per share over the five-year period. The 2019 dividend of $14.20 per share represents a 1.81% yield based upon the December 31, 2019 closing stock price of $768 per share (See “Part II, Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities”).

Looking Forward: 2020 and Beyond

In management’s opinion, the following key issues will continue to influence the financial results of the Company in 2020 and future years:

• The Company’s earnings are heavily dependent on its net interest margin, which is sensitive to such factors as: (1) market interest rates; (2) the mix of our earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; and (3) competitor pricing strategies.

- Between December 2015 and December 2018, the FRB increased short-term market rates by 2.25%. However, beginning in August 2019 the FRB then dropped rates by .75%. Although short-term rates may continue to drop in 2020, Management does not expect them to change significantly.

- Loans & Leases increased $1.0 billion, or 56.1% over the past five years, partially as a result of our expansion into Walnut Creek, Concord, Napa and equipment leasing, as well as our acquisitions of Delta Bank and Bank of Rio Vista. However, we still face a very competitive business environment, and no assurances can be given that this recent growth in the loan & lease portfolio will continue.

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- Aggressive competitor pricing for loans, leases and deposits continues to require the Company to respond in order to retain key customers.

As a result of increases in short-term market interest rates, which began in 2015, the Company’s net interest margin increased from 3.87% for the year ended December 31, 2015 to 4.34% for the year ended December 31, 2019. However, because of the decreases in short-term rates that began in August 2019, Management believes that the net interest margin will be lower in 2020. Additionally, competitor pricing pressures may adversely affect the net interest margin in 2020. See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Interest Rate Risk.”

• The Company’s results are impacted by changes in the credit quality of its borrowers. Substandard loans & leases totaled $16.2 million or 0.61% of total loans & leases at December 31, 2019 vs. $15.1 million or 0.59% of total loans & leases at December 31, 2018. Management believes, based on information currently available, that these levels are adequately covered by the Company’s $55.0 million allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019. See “Results of Operations - Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” and “Financial Condition – Classified Loans & Leases and Non-Performing Assets.” The Company’s provision for credit losses was $200,000 in 2019, compared to $5.5 million in 2018 and $2.9 million in 2017. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

• Since the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010, Congress has implemented broad changes to the regulation of consumer financial products and the financial services industry as a whole. These changes have, and will continue to have, a significant effect on the Company’s product offerings, pricing and profitability in areas such as debit and credit cards, home mortgages and deposit service charges.

• The Company has (i) expanded its geographic footprint through denovo branch expansion in Walnut Creek, Napa, Lockeford and Concord, CA and through acquisition in Manteca, Riverbank, Rio Vista, and Walnut Grove, CA and (ii) established equipment leasing as a new line of business. Although Management believes that these initiatives will result in increased asset growth and earnings, along with reduced concentration risks, the start-up costs related to staff and facilities are significant and will take time to recoup.

• The Company benefited significantly in 2018 and 2019, and should continue to benefit in future years, from the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% pursuant to the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended to provide a better understanding of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and its subsidiaries’ performance during each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019 and the material changes in financial condition, operating income, and expense of the Company and its subsidiaries as shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Impact of Bank of Rio Vista Acquisition on Results of Operations

On October 10, 2018, Farmers & Merchants Bancorp completed the acquisition of Bank of Rio Vista. Since the acquisition took place late in the year, and Bank of Rio Vista had only $217.5 million in assets (less than 6% of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp’s total assets), the impact on the Company’s 2018 Results of Operations was limited with the exception of legal fees, contract termination costs and systems conversion costs that were booked as non-interest expense by the Company in 2018. The gross amount of such expenses were $2.93 million.

Net Interest Income/Net Interest Margin

The tables on the following pages reflect the Company’s average balance sheets and volume and rate analysis for the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017. Average balance amounts for assets and liabilities are the computed average of daily balances.

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Net interest income is the amount by which the interest and fees on loans & leases and other interest-earning assets exceed the interest paid on interest-bearing sources of funds. For the purpose of analysis, the interest earned on tax-exempt investments and municipal loans is adjusted to an amount comparable to interest subject to normal income taxes. This adjustment is referred to as “tax equivalent” adjustment and is noted wherever applicable. The presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a tax equivalent basis is a common practice within the banking industry.

The Volume and Rate Analysis of Net Interest Income summarizes the changes in interest income and interest expense based on changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and changes in average rates (rate). For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to: (1) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by initial rate); (2) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by initial volume); and (3) changes in rate/volume, also called “changes in mix” (allocated in proportion to the respective volume and rate components).

The Company’s earning assets and interest bearing liabilities are subject to repricing at different times, which exposes the Company to income fluctuations when interest rates change. In order to minimize income fluctuations, the Company attempts to match asset and liability maturities. However, some maturity mismatch is inherent in the asset and liability mix. See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Interest Rate Risk.”

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Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates

(Interest and Rates on a Taxable Equivalent Basis)

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Assets	Balance			Interest			Rate
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	$	232,623		$	4,909			2.11	%
Investment Securities:
U.S. Treasuries		27,096			537			1.98	%
U.S. Govt SBA		13,372			329			2.46	%
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities		2,108			62			2.94	%
Municipals - Taxable		6,545			344			5.26	%
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - Non-Taxable		51,872			2,079			4.01	%
Mortgage Backed Securities		321,240			8,466			2.64	%
Other		4,850			173			3.57	%
Total Investment Securities		427,083			11,990			2.81	%
Loans & Leases:
Real Estate		1,736,406			93,227			5.37	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans		90,423			2,316			2.56	%
Agricultural		275,472			15,423			5.60	%
Commercial		364,676			19,335			5.30	%
Consumer		16,634			1,194			7.18	%
Other		1,051			24			2.28	%
Leases		104,896			5,718			5.45	%
Total Loans & Leases		2,589,558			137,237			5.30	%
Total Earning Assets		3,249,264		$	154,136			4.74	%
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale		938
Allowance for Credit Losses		(55,165	)
Cash and Due From Banks		56,855
All Other Assets		225,565
Total Assets	$	3,477,457
Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity
Interest Bearing Deposits:
Interest Bearing DDA	$	668,818		$	2,360			0.35	%
Savings and Money Market		930,390			3,340			0.36	%
Time Deposits		519,848			6,940			1.34	%
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		2,119,056			12,640			0.60	%
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances		1			-			0.00	%
Subordinated Debt		10,310			554			5.37	%
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		2,129,367		$	13,194			0.62	%
Interest Rate Spread								4.12	%
Demand Deposits		949,695
All Other Liabilities		64,274
Total Liabilities		3,143,336
Shareholders’ Equity		334,121
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity	$	3,477,457
Impact of Non-Interest Bearing Deposits and Other Liabilities								0.21	%
Net Interest Income and Margin on Total Earning Assets					140,942			4.34	%
Tax Equivalent Adjustment					(428	)
Net Interest Income				$	140,514			4.32	%

Notes:  Yields on municipal securities have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.  Loan interest income includes fee income and unearned discount in the amount of $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Non-accrual loans and lease financing receivables have been included in the average balances. Yields on securities available-for-sale are based on historical cost.

38

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates

(Interest and Rates on a Taxable Equivalent Basis)

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
Assets	Balance			Interest			Rate
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	$	147,700		$	2,755			1.87	%
Investment Securities:
U.S. Treasuries		64,630			939			1.45	%
U.S. Govt SBA		22,537			445			1.97	%
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities		3,057			88			2.88	%
Municipals - Taxable		665			5			0.75	%
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - Non-Taxable		53,143			2,024			3.81	%
Mortgage Backed Securities		314,937			7,682			2.44	%
Other		3,707			98			2.64	%
Total Investment Securities		462,676			11,281			2.44	%
Loans & Leases
Real Estate		1,642,005			83,131			5.06	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans		37,086			2,041			5.50	%
Agricultural		273,178			14,067			5.15	%
Commercial		291,209			15,158			5.21	%
Consumer		9,014			503			5.58	%
Other		1,356			31			2.29	%
Leases		95,968			4,906			5.11	%
Total Loans & Leases		2,349,816			119,837			5.10	%
Total Earning Assets		2,960,192		$	133,873			4.52	%
Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale		(8,151	)
Allowance for Credit Losses		(52,012	)
Cash and Due From Banks		49,292
All Other Assets		199,526
Total Assets	$	3,148,847
Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity
Interest Bearing Deposits
Interest Bearing DDA	$	618,674		$	1,683			0.27	%
Savings and Money Market		844,729			1,798			0.21	%
Time Deposits		476,756			3,944			0.83	%
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		1,940,159			7,425			0.38	%
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances		36			1			2.78	%
Subordinated Debt		10,310			524			5.08	%
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		1,950,505		$	7,950			0.41	%
Interest Rate Spread								4.11	%
Demand Deposits		845,165
All Other Liabilities		45,516
Total Liabilities		2,841,186
Shareholders’ Equity		307,661
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity	$	3,148,847
Impact of Non-Interest Bearing Deposits and Other Liabilities								0.14	%
Net Interest Income and Margin on Total Earning Assets					125,923			4.25	%
Tax Equivalent Adjustment					(420	)
Net Interest Income				$	125,503			4.24	%

Notes:  Yields on municipal securities have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.  Loan interest income includes fee income and unearned discount in the amount of $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Non-accrual loans and lease financing receivables have been included in the average balances. Yields on securities available-for-sale are based on historical cost. 

39

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates

(Interest and Rates on a Taxable Equivalent Basis)

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
Assets	Balance			Interest			Rate
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	$	176,283		$	2,060			1.17	%
Investment Securities:
U.S. Treasuries		81,833			891			1.09	%
U.S. Govt SBA		33,255			522			1.57	%
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities		3,104			88			2.84	%
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - Non-Taxable		56,484			2,676			4.74	%
Mortgage Backed Securities		287,114			6,595			2.30	%
Other		1,170			27			2.31	%
Total Investment Securities		462,960			10,799			2.33	%
Loans & Leases:
Real Estate		1,556,122			73,710			4.74	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans		32,606			1,658			5.08	%
Agricultural		263,711			12,059			4.57	%
Commercial		238,650			11,117			4.66	%
Consumer		5,557			289			5.20	%
Other		1,653			37			2.24	%
Leases		80,389			3,812			4.74	%
Total Loans & Leases		2,178,688			102,682			4.71	%
Total Earning Assets		2,817,931		$	115,541			4.10	%
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale		674
Allowance for Credit Losses		(49,439	)
Cash and Due From Banks		45,063
All Other Assets		192,978
Total Assets	$	3,007,207
Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity
Interest Bearing Deposits:
Interest Bearing DDA	$	533,480		$	1,053			0.20	%
Savings and Money Market		812,127			1,303			0.16	%
Time Deposits		565,412			3,509			0.62	%
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		1,911,019			5,865			0.31	%
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances		1			-			0.00	%
Subordinated Debt		10,310			424			4.11	%
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		1,921,330		$	6,289			0.33	%
Interest Rate Spread								3.77	%
Demand Deposits		740,088
All Other Liabilities		51,979
Total Liabilities		2,713,397
Shareholders’ Equity		293,810
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity	$	3,007,207
Impact of Non-Interest Bearing Deposits and Other Liabilities								0.10	%
Net Interest Income and Margin on Total Earning Assets					109,252			3.88	%
Tax Equivalent Adjustment					(929	)
Net Interest Income				$	108,323			3.84	%

Notes:  Yields on municipal securities have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.  Loan interest income includes fee income and unearned discount in the amount of $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Non-accrual loans and lease financing receivables have been included in the average balances. Yields on securities available-for-sale are based on historical cost.

40

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Volume and Rate Analysis of Net Interest Revenue

(Interest and Rates on a Taxable Equivalent Basis)

(in thousands)

	2019 versus 2018 Amount of Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
Interest Earning Assets	Volume			Rate			Net Chg.
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	$	1,753		$	401		$	2,154
Investment Securities:
U.S. Treasuries		(1,078	)		676			(402	)
U.S. Govt SBA		(294	)		178			(116	)
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities		(28	)		2			(26	)
Municipals - Taxable		306			33			339
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - Non-Taxable		(66	)		121			55
Mortgage Backed Securities		156			628			784
Other		35			41			76
Total Investment Securities		(969	)		1,679			710
Loans & Leases:
Real Estate		4,920			5,176			10,096
Home Equity Lines and Loans		438			(163	)		275
Agricultural		119			1,237			1,356
Commercial		3,890			287			4,177
Consumer		516			175			691
Other		(7	)		-			(7	)
Leases		474			337			811
Total Loans & Leases		10,350			7,049			17,399
Total Earning Assets		11,134			9,129			20,263
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Interest Bearing Deposits:
Interest Bearing DDA		145			532			677
Savings and Money Market		198			1,344			1,542
Time Deposits		384			2,612			2,996
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		727			4,488			5,215
Other Borrowed Funds		(1	)		-			(1	)
Subordinated Debt		-			30			30
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		726			4,518			5,244
Total Change	$	10,408		$	4,611		$	15,019

Notes:  Rate/volume variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.”  The above figures have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

41

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Volume and Rate Analysis of Net Interest Revenue

(Interest and Rates on a Taxable Equivalent Basis)

(in thousands)

	2018 versus 2017 Amount of Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
Interest Earning Assets	Volume			Rate			Net Chg.
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	$	(377	)	$	1,072		$	695
Investment Securities:
U.S. Treasuries		(211	)		260			49
U.S. Govt SBA		(192	)		115			(77	)
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities		(1	)		1			-
Municipals - Taxable		5			-			5
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - Non-Taxable		(151	)		(501	)		(652	)
Mortgage Backed Securities		663			423			1,086
Other		66			5			71
Total Investment Securities		179			303			482
Loans & Leases:
Real Estate		4,193			5,228			9,421
Home Equity Lines and Loans		240			143			383
Agricultural		445			1,563			2,008
Commercial		2,636			1,405			4,041
Consumer		192			22			214
Other		(7	)		1			(6	)
Leases		780			314			1,094
Total Loans & Leases		8,479			8,676			17,155
Total Earning Assets		8,281			10,051			18,332
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Interest Bearing Deposits:
Interest Bearing DDA		187			443			630
Savings and Money Market		54			442			496
Time Deposits		(609	)		1,044			435
Total Interest Bearing Deposits		(368	)		1,929			1,561
Subordinated Debt		-			100			100
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		(368	)		2,029			1,661
Total Change	$	8,649		$	8,022		$	16,671

Notes:  Rate/volume variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.”  The above figures have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

42

2019 Compared to 2018

Net interest income increased 12.0% to $140.5 million during 2019. On a fully tax equivalent basis, net interest income increased 12.0% and totaled $141.0 million during 2019 compared to $125.9 million for 2018. As more fully discussed below, the increase in net interest income was due primarily to a $289.1 million increase in average earning assets, and a 9 basis point increase in the net interest margin.

Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis, expressed as a percentage of average total earning assets, is referred to as the net interest margin. For 2019, the Company’s net interest margin was 4.34% compared to 4.25% in 2018 This increase in net interest margin was due primarily to an increase of 0.22% in the yield received on earning assets, offset somewhat by a 0.21% increase in the rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.

Average loans & leases totaled $2.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019; an increase of $239.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. Loans & leases increased from 79.4% of average earning assets during 2018 to 79.7% in 2019. The year-to-date yield on the loan & lease portfolio increased to 5.30% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 5.10% for the year ended December 31, 2018. This higher yield combined with the impact of increased average loan & lease balances resulted in interest revenue from loans & leases increasing 14.5% to $137.2 million for 2019. The Company continues to experience aggressive competitor pricing for loans & leases to which it may need to respond in order to retain key customers. This could place negative pressure on future loan & lease yields and net interest margin.

The investment portfolio is the other main component of the Company’s earning assets. Historically, the Company invested primarily in: (1) mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored entities; (2) debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, government agencies and government-sponsored entities; and (3) investment grade bank-qualified municipal bonds. However, at certain times the Company selectively added investment grade corporate securities (floating rate and fixed rate with maturities less than 5 years) to the portfolio in order to obtain yields that exceed government agency securities of equivalent maturity. Since the risk factor for these types of investments is generally lower than that of loans & leases, the yield earned on investments is generally less than that of loans & leases.

Average investment securities decreased $35.6 million in 2019 compared to the average balance during 2018. The average yield, on a tax equivalent basis, in the investment portfolio was 2.81% in 2019 compared to 2.44% in 2018. This overall increase in yield was caused primarily by an increase in the mix of mortgage-backed securities as a percentage of total securities and an increase in market interest rates. As a result of the combined impact of these mix, balance and yield changes, tax equivalent interest income on securities increased slightly by $710,000 to $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. See “Financial Condition – Investment Securities” for a discussion of the Company’s investment strategy in 2019. Net interest income on the Schedule of Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates is shown on a tax equivalent basis, which is higher than net interest income as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Income because of adjustments that relate to income on securities that are exempt from federal income taxes.

Interest-bearing deposits with banks and overnight investments in Federal Funds Sold are additional earning assets available to the Company. Average interest-bearing deposits with banks consisted primarily of FRB deposits. Balances with the FRB earn interest at the Fed Funds rate, which decreased to 1.55% in December 2019. Average interest-bearing deposits with banks for the year ended December 31, 2019, was $232.6 million, a increase of $84.9 million compared to the average balance for the year ended December 31, 2018. Interest income on interest-bearing deposits with banks for the year ended December 31, 2019, increased $2.2 million to $4.9 million from the year ended December 31, 2018.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $178.9 million or 9.2% during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the average balance during 2018. Of that increase: (1) interest-bearing transaction deposits increased $50.1 million; (2) savings and money market deposits increased $85.7 million; and (3) time deposits increased $43.1 million. See “Financial Condition – Deposits” for a discussion of trends in the Company’s deposit base. Total interest expense on deposits was $12.6 million for 2019 and $7.4 million for 2018. As a result of increasing short-term market interest rates and competition, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits was 0.60% in 2019 and 0.38% in 2018. See “Overview – Looking Forward: 2020 and Beyond” for a discussion of factors influencing the Company’s future deposit rates and their impact on net interest margin.

43

2018 Compared to 2017

Net interest income increased 15.9% to $125.5 million during 2018. On a fully tax equivalent basis, net interest income increased 15.3% and totaled $125.9 million during 2018 compared to $109.3 million for 2017. As more fully discussed below, the increase in net interest income was due primarily to a $142.3 million increase in average earning assets, and a 37 basis point increase in the net interest margin.

Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis, expressed as a percentage of average total earning assets, is referred to as the net interest margin. For 2018, the Company’s net interest margin was 4.25% compared to 3.88% in 2017. This increase in net interest margin was due primarily to rising market interest rates that resulted in an increase in the yield on earning assets that exceeded the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

Average loans & leases totaled $2.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018; an increase of $171.1 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. Loans & leases increased from 77.3% of average earning assets during 2017 to 79.4% in 2018. The year-to-date yield on the loan & lease portfolio increased to 5.10% for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 4.71% for the year ended December 31, 2017. This higher yield combined with the impact of increased average loan & lease balances resulted in interest revenue from loans & leases increasing 16.7% to $119.8 million for 2018. The Company continues to experience aggressive competitor pricing for loans & leases to which it may need to respond in order to retain key customers. This could place negative pressure on future loan & lease yields and net interest margin.

Average investment securities decreased $284,000 in 2018 compared to the average balance during 2017. The average yield, on a tax equivalent basis, in the investment portfolio was 2.44% in 2018 compared to 2.33% in 2017. This overall increase in yield was caused primarily by an increase in the mix of mortgage-backed securities as a percentage of total securities and a decrease in the balance of lower yielding Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities investments. As a result of the combined impact of these balance and yield changes, tax equivalent interest income on securities increased slightly by $482,000 to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. See “Financial Condition – Investment Securities” for a discussion of the Company’s investment strategy in 2018. Net interest income on the Schedule of Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates is shown on a tax equivalent basis, which is higher than net interest income as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Income because of adjustments that relate to income on securities that are exempt from federal income taxes.

Interest-bearing deposits with banks and overnight investments in Federal Funds Sold are additional earning assets available to the Company. Average interest-bearing deposits with banks consisted primarily of FRB deposits. Balances with the FRB earn interest at the Fed Funds rate, which increased to 2.40% in December 2018. Average interest-bearing deposits with banks for the year ended December 31, 2018, was $147.7 million, a decrease of $28.6 million compared to the average balance for the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest income on interest-bearing deposits with banks for the year ended December 31, 2018, increased $695,000 to $2.8 million from the year ended December 31, 2017.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $29.2 million or 1.5% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, primarily in lower cost interest-bearing DDA, and savings and money market deposits. See “Financial Condition – Deposits” for a discussion of trends in the Company’s deposit base. Total interest expense on deposits was $7.4 million for 2018 and $5.9 million for 2017. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits was 0.38% in 2018 and 0.31% in 2017.

44

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses

As a financial institution that assumes lending and credit risks as a principal element of its business, credit losses will be experienced in the normal course of business. The Company has established credit management policies and procedures that govern both the approval of new loans & leases and the monitoring of the existing portfolio. The Company manages and controls credit risk through comprehensive underwriting and approval standards, dollar limits on loans & leases to one borrower (the term “borrower” is used herein to describe a customer who has entered into either a loan or lease transaction), and by restricting loans & leases made primarily to its principal market area where management believes it is best able to assess the applicable risk. Additionally, management has established guidelines to ensure the diversification of the Company’s credit portfolio such that even within key portfolio sectors such as real estate or agriculture, the portfolio is diversified across factors such as location, building type, crop type, etc. Management reports regularly to the Board of Directors regarding trends and conditions in the loan & lease portfolio and regularly conducts credit reviews of individual loans & leases. Loans & leases that are performing but have shown some signs of weakness are subject to more stringent reporting and oversight.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Company’s loan & lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan & lease growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of three primary components: specific reserves related to impaired loans & leases; general reserves for inherent losses related to loans & leases that are not impaired; and an unallocated component that takes into account the imprecision in estimating and allocating allowance balances associated with macro factors.

A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Loans & leases determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan or lease is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s or lease’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan’s or lease’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent. A loan or lease is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan or lease is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.

A restructuring of a loan or lease constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) under ASC 310-40, if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans or leases typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. If the restructured loan or lease was current on all payments at the time of restructure and management reasonably expects the borrower will continue to perform after the restructure, management may keep the loan or lease on accrual. Loans & leases that are on nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR, remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. A loan or lease can be removed from TDR status if it was restructured at a market rate in a prior calendar year and is currently in compliance with its modified terms. However, these loans or leases continue to be classified as impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment.

The determination of the general reserve for loans or leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment is based on estimates made by management, to include, but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment, internal asset classifications, and qualitative factors that include economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan & lease portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment (loan & lease type). These portfolio segments include: (1) commercial real estate; (2) agricultural real estate; (3) real estate construction (including land and development loans); (4) residential 1^st mortgages; (5) home equity lines and loans; (6) agricultural; (7) commercial; (8) consumer & other; and (9) equipment leases. See “Financial Condition – Loans & Leases” for examples of loans & leases made by the Company. The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both impaired loans & leases and loans & leases that are not impaired, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, which is included on the consolidated balance sheet.

45

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans & leases and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans & leases over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and assess overall collectability. For smaller balance loans & leases, such as consumer and residential real estate, a credit grade is established at inception, and then updated only when the loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent or when the borrower requests a modification. For larger balance loans, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans & leases. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan or lease. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company. The risk ratings can be grouped into five major categories, defined as follows:

Pass – A pass loan or lease is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Special Mention – A special mention loan or lease has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease position at some future date. Special mention loans & leases are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard loan or lease is not adequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans or leases classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well-defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans or leases classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss – Loans or leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible. Once a loan or lease becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, the Company will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Bank will estimate its probable loss and immediately charge-off some or all of the balance.

The general reserve component of the allowance for credit losses also consists of reserve factors that are based on management’s assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) inherent credit risk; (2) historical losses; and (3) other qualitative factors. These reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment described below:

Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate mortgage loans are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations.

Real Estate Construction – Real estate construction loans, including land loans, are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and time lines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.

Commercial – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss because they are shorter-term; typically made to relationship customers; generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses; and may be collateralized by fixed assets, inventory and/or accounts receivable. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans.

Agricultural Real Estate and Agricultural – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss since they are typically made to relationship customers and are secured by crop production, livestock and related real estate. These loans are vulnerable to two risk factors that are outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.

46

Leases – Equipment leases are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss. As lessor, the Company is subject to both the credit risk of the borrower and the residual value risk of the equipment. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease.

Residential 1st Mortgages and Home Equity Lines and Loans – These loans are generally considered to possess a low inherent risk of loss, although this is not always true as evidenced by the correction in residential real estate values that occurred between 2007 and 2012. The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

Consumer & Other – A consumer installment loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of small loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most installment loans are made for consumer purchases. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

In addition, the Company’s and Bank’s regulators, including the FRB, DBO and FDIC, as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

See Note 20, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a discussion of CECL and the accounting change which will impact our allowance for credit losses in 2020.

Provision for Credit Losses

Changes in the provision for credit losses between years are the result of management’s evaluation, based upon information currently available, of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses relative to factors such as the credit quality of the loan & lease portfolio, loan & lease growth, current credit losses, and the prevailing economic climate and its effect on borrowers’ ability to repay loans & leases in accordance with the terms of the notes.

The Central Valley of California was one of the hardest hit areas in the country during the recession. In many areas, housing prices declined as much as 60% and unemployment reached 15% or more. Although the economy has improved throughout the Central Valley, in many of the Company’s market segments housing prices remain below peak levels and unemployment rates remain above those in other areas of the state and country. While, in management’s opinion, the Company’s levels of net charge-offs and non-performing assets as of December 31, 2019, compare very favorably to our peers at the present time, carefully managing credit risk remains a key focus of the Company.

The State of California experienced drought conditions from 2013 through most of 2016. Since 2016, reasonable levels of rain and snow have alleviated drought conditions in many areas of California, including those in the Company’s primary service area. As a result, reservoir levels are normal and the availability of water in our primary service area should not be an issue. However, the weather patterns over the past 5 years further reinforce the fact that the long-term risks associated with the availability of water are significant. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for additional information.

The provision for credit losses totaled $200,000 in 2019 compared to $5.5 million in 2018. Net charge offs during 2019 were $454,000 compared to net charge offs of $609,000 during 2018 and net charge offs of $427,000 in 2017. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans and leases declined slightly in 2019 from 2.14% to 2.05%. The Company determined that additional provisions in 2019 were not warranted given the continued strong credit quality of the overall loan portfolio at December 31, 2019. See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Allowance for Credit Losses” and “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk-Credit Risk.”

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The following table summarizes the activity and the allocation of the allowance for credit losses for the years indicated. (in thousands)

	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Allowance for Credit Losses Beginning of Year	$	55,266		$	50,342		$	47,919		$	41,523		$	35,401
Provision Charged to Expense		200			5,533			2,850			6,335			750
Charge-Offs:
Commercial Real Estate		592			-			109			-			-
Agricultural Real Estate		-			-			-			-			-
Real Estate Construction		-			-			-			-			-
Residential 1st Mortgages		-			31			53			21			-
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-			8			3			46			-
Agricultural		-			-			374			-			-
Commercial		-			613			-			-			12
Consumer & Other		83			115			146			105			84
Total Charge-Offs		675			767			685			172			96
Recoveries:
Commercial Real Estate		90			2			109			2			2,939
Agricultural Real Estate		38			-			-			-			-
Real Estate Construction		-			-			-			-			2,225
Residential 1st Mortgages		13			15			40			26			8
Home Equity Lines and Loans		28			6			8			103			87
Agricultural		-			61			17			-			4
Commercial		-			20			8			47			136
Consumer & Other		52			54			76			55			69
Total Recoveries		221			158			258			233			5,468
Net (Charge-Offs) Recoveries		(454	)		(609	)		(427	)		61			5,372
Total Allowance for Credit Losses, End of Year	$	55,012		$	55,266		$	50,342		$	47,919		$	41,523
Ratios:
Allowance for Credit Losses to:
Total Loans & Leases at Year End		2.05	%		2.14	%		2.27	%		2.19	%		2.07	%
Average Loans & Leases		2.12	%		2.35	%		2.31	%		2.34	%		2.30	%
Consolidated Net (Charge-Offs) Recoveries  to:
Total Loans & Leases at Year End		(0.02	%)		(0.02	%)		(0.02	%)		0.00	%		0.27	%
Average Loans & Leases		(0.02	%)		(0.03	%)		(0.02	%)		0.00	%		0.30	%

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The table below breaks out year-to-date activity by portfolio segment (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Commercial Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction		Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural			Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases			Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2019	$	11,609		$	14,092	$	1,249	$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242		$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022		$	261		$	55,266
Charge-Offs		-			-		-		-			-			-			(592	)		(83	)		-			-			(675	)
Recoveries		-			38		-		13			28			-			90			52			-			-			221
Provision		(556	)		998		700		(38	)		(114	)		(166	)		312			(7	)		(860	)		(69	)		200
Ending Balance- December 31, 2019	$	11,053		$	15,128	$	1,949	$	855		$	2,675		$	8,076		$	11,466		$	456		$	3,162		$	192		$	55,012

Overall, the Allowance for Credit Losses as of December 31, 2019 decreased $254,000 from December 31, 2018. In 2019 there were no significant credit quality events or other impacts that caused changes in the allowance allocated to individual categories of loans.

	Allowance Allocation at December 31,
(in thousands)	2019 Amount		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			2018 Amount		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			2017 Amount		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			2016 Amount		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			2015 Amount		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
Commercial Real Estate	$	11,053		31.6	%	$	11,609		32.4	%	$	10,922		31.1	%	$	11,110		30.9	%	$	10,063		30.4	%
Agricultural Real Estate		15,128		23.3	%		14,092		22.7	%		12,085		22.5	%		9,450		21.4	%		6,881		21.2	%
Real Estate Construction		1,949		4.3	%		1,249		3.8	%		1,846		4.5	%		3,223		8.1	%		2,485		7.6	%
Residential 1st Mortgages		855		9.5	%		880		10.1	%		815		11.7	%		865		11.1	%		789		10.3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans		2,675		1.5	%		2,761		1.6	%		2,324		1.6	%		2,140		1.4	%		2,146		1.7	%
Agricultural		8,076		10.9	%		8,242		11.3	%		8,159		12.3	%		7,381		13.5	%		6,308		14.7	%
Commercial		11,466		14.4	%		11,656		13.3	%		9,197		12.0	%		8,515		10.0	%		7,836		10.5	%
Consumer & Other		456		0.6	%		494		0.8	%		209		0.3	%		200		0.3	%		175		0.3	%
Leases		3,162		3.9	%		4,022		4.0	%		3,363		4.0	%		3,586		3.3	%		3,294		3.3	%
Unallocated		192					261					1,422					1,449					1,546
Total	$	55,012		100.0	%	$	55,266		100.0	%	$	50,342		100.0	%	$	47,919		100.0	%	$	41,523		100.0	%

As of December 31, 2019, the allowance for credit losses was $55.0 million, which represented 2.05% of the total loan & lease balance. At December 31, 2018, the allowance for credit losses was $55.3 million or 2.14% of the total loan & lease balance. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans and leases declined slightly in 2019 from 2.14% to 2.05%. The Company determined that additional provisions in 2019 were not warranted given the continued strong credit quality of the overall loan portfolio at December 31, 2019. After reviewing all factors above, based upon information currently available, management concluded that the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019, is adequate.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income includes: (1) service charges and fees from deposit accounts; (2) net gains and losses from investment securities; (3) increases in the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance; (4) debit card and ATM fees; (5) net gains and losses on non-qualified deferred compensation plan investments; and (6) fees from other miscellaneous business services. See “Overview – Looking Forward: 2020 and Beyond.”

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2019 Compared to 2018

Non‑interest income totaled $17.2 million for 2019, an increase of $2.0 million or 13.3% from non-interest income of $15.2 million for 2018.

Net (loss) gain on investment securities was a net gain of $1,000 in 2019 compared to a net loss of $1.3 million for 2018. See “Financial Condition-Investment Securities” for a discussion of the Company’s investment strategy.

Debit card and ATM fees totaled $5.1 million in 2019, an increase of 17.3% or $755,000 from $4.4 million in 2018. This was primarily due to increased numbers of cardholders and increased account activity.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $2.6 million in 2019 compared to net gains of $1.1 million in 2018. See Note 15, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of these plans. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices. Although Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require these investment gains/losses be recorded in non-interest income, an offsetting entry is also required to be made to non-interest expense resulting in no effect on the Company’s net income.

Other non-interest income was $3.8 million, a decrease of $1.9 million or 33.2% from 2018. This decrease was primarily due to a $2.0 million decrease related to non-recurring income received in 2018 from: (1) the purchase of Bank of Rio Vista; and (2) the gain on sale of fixed assets.

2018 Compared to 2017

Non‑interest income totaled $15.2 million for 2018, a decrease of $1.5 million or 9.2% from non-interest income of $16.8 million for 2017.

Net (loss) gain on investment securities was a net loss of $1.3 million in 2018 compared to a net gain of $131,000 for 2017. See “Financial Condition-Investment Securities” for a discussion of the Company’s investment strategy.

Debit card and ATM fees totaled $4.4 million in 2018, an increase of 12.7% or $492,000 from $3.9 million in 2017. This was primarily due to increased numbers of cardholders and increased account activity.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $1.1 million in 2018 compared to net gains of $2.6 million in 2017. See Note 15, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of these plans. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices. Although Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require these investment gains/losses be recorded in non-interest income, an offsetting entry is also required to be made to non-interest expense resulting in no effect on the Company’s net income.

Other non-interest income was $5.6 million, an increase of $727,000 or 14.9% from 2017. This increase was primarily due to: (1) $997,000 of income as a result of the remeasurement of the initial investment in Bank of Rio Vista stock; (2) FHLB dividend increases of $208,000; (3) Check Order Income increases of $116,000; and (4) increases in gain on sale of Leases of $76,000; offset by a drop in the gain on sale of fixed assets by $900,000.

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense for the Company includes expenses for: (1) salaries and employee benefits; (2) net gains and losses on non-qualified deferred compensation plan investments; (3) occupancy; (4) equipment; (5) supplies; (6) legal fees; (7) professional services; (8) data processing; (9) marketing; (10) deposit insurance; and (11) other miscellaneous expenses.

2019 Compared to 2018

Overall, non-interest expense totaled $82.2 million for 2019, an increase of $6.8 million or 9.0% from the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Salaries and employee benefits increased $5.2 million or 10.3% in 2019, primarily related to: (1) new staff from the acquisition of the Bank of Rio Vista; (2) general salary increases; and (3) increased contributions to retirement and profit sharing plans.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $2.6 million in 2019 compared to net gains of $1.1 million in 2018. See Note 15, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of these plans. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices. Although Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require these investment gains/losses be recorded in non-interest expense, an offsetting entry is also required to be made to non-interest income resulting in no effect on the Company’s net income.

Occupancy expense in 2019 totaled $4.3 million, an increase of $390,000 or 10.0% from 2018 and equipment expense in 2019 totaled $4.9 million, an increase of $618,000 or 14.4% from 2018. Both of these increases were primarily related to operating expenses associated with remodeling existing branch offices and adding new branches.

Legal expenses increased $1.4 million from 2018 and totaled $2.3 million.

Other non-interest expense increased $862,000, or 8.6%, to $10.9 million in 2019 compared to $10.1 million in 2018.

The preceding increases in non-interest expense were offset somewhat by non-recurring expenses from the acquisition of Bank of Rio Vista that totaled $3.0 million in 2018.

2018 Compared to 2017

Overall, non-interest expense totaled $75.5 million for 2018, an increase of $7.4 million or 11.4% from the year ended December 31, 2017.

Salaries and employee benefits increased $4.3 million or 9.4% in 2018, primarily related to: (1) new staff from the acquisition of the Bank of Rio Vista; (2) general salary increases; and (3) increased contributions to retirement and profit sharing plans.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $1.1 million in 2018 compared to net gains of $2.6 million in 2017. See Note 15, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of these plans. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices. Although Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require these investment gains/losses be recorded in non-interest expense, an offsetting entry is also required to be made to non-interest income resulting in no effect on the Company’s net income.

Occupancy expense in 2018 totaled $3.9 million, an increase of $362,000 or 10.2% from 2017 and equipment expense in 2018 totaled $4.3 million, an increase of $309,000 or 7.7% from 2017. Both of these increases were primarily related to operating expenses associated with remodeling existing branch offices.

Legal expenses increased $544,000 from 2017 and totaled $968,000. This increase was primarily due to legal fees associated with the repurchase of stock and other operating matters.

Acquisition expenses related to the Bank of Rio Vista totaled $2.93 million. A majority of this expense was comprised of: (1) legal and other professional fees; (2) contract termination costs; and (3) conversion expenses related to the core processing systems for both Bank of Rio Vista and F&M Bank.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes increased $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2019 was 25.6% compared to 23.8% for the year ended December 2018. The Company’s effective tax rate fluctuates from year to year due primarily to changes in the mix of taxable and tax-exempt earning sources. The effective rates were lower than the combined Federal and State statutory rate of 32% due primarily to benefits regarding the cash surrender value of life insurance; credits associated with low income housing tax credit investments (LIHTC); and tax-exempt interest income on municipal securities and loans.

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On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law changing the Company’s Federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. The Company’s provision for income taxes decreased 45.61% to $14.0 million during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily as a result of: (1) the Federal corporate tax rate change and (2) the Company having amended and planning to amend tax returns in open tax years resulting in a reduction of $990,000 in the Company’s tax provision for 2018. See “Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies – Out of Period Adjustment.” The effective tax rate for 2018 was 23.8% compared to 47.9% during 2017.

Also due to the signing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, during the 4^th quarter of 2017, all companies were required to re-measure their deferred tax assets (DTA) and deferred tax liabilities (DTL) at the new corporate tax rate of 21%. This one-time re-measurement resulted in a $6.3 million increase to the Company’s income tax provision in 2017. This DTA re-measurement accompanied by an 8.7% increase in pre-tax earnings resulted in the tax provision increase in 2017.

With the exception of the one-time DTA re-measurement that took place in 2017, tax law causes the Company’s taxes payable to approximate or exceed the current provision for taxes on the income statement. Three provisions have had a significant effect on the Company’s current income tax liability: (1) the restrictions on the deductibility of credit losses; (2) deductibility of pension and other long-term employee benefits only when paid; and (3) the statutory deferral of deductibility of California franchise taxes on the Company’s federal return.

Financial Condition

Investment Securities and Federal Funds Sold

The investment portfolio provides the Company with an income alternative to loans & leases. The debt securities in the Company’s investment portfolio have historically been comprised primarily of: (1) mortgage-backed securities issued by federal government-sponsored entities; (2) debt securities issued by US Treasury, government agencies and government-sponsored entities; and (3) investment grade bank-qualified municipal bonds. However, at certain times, the Company has selectively added investment grade corporate securities (floating rate and fixed rate with maturities less than 5 years) to the portfolio in order to obtain yields that exceed government agency securities of equivalent maturity without subjecting the Company to the interest rate risk associated with mortgage-backed securities.

The Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2019 was $567.6 million compared to $549.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $18.7 million or 3.40%. The Company uses its investment portfolio to help balance its overall interest rate risk. Accordingly, when market rates are increasing it invests most of its funds in shorter term Treasury and Agency securities or shorter term (10, 15 and 20 year) mortgage backed securities. Conversely, when rates are falling, 30 year mortgage backed securities or longer term Treasury and Agency securities may be increased.

The Company’s total investment portfolio currently represents 15.3% of the Company’s total assets as compared to 16.0% at December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company held $60.2 million of municipal investments, of which $29.8 million were bank-qualified municipal bonds, all classified as held-to-maturity (“HTM”). In order to comply with Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company performs its own credit analysis on new purchases of municipal bonds. As of December 31, 2019, all of the Company’s bank-qualified municipal bond portfolio was rated at either the issue or issuer level, and all of these ratings were “investment grade.” The Company monitors the status of all municipal investments, and at the current time does not believe any of them to be exhibiting financial problems that could result in a loss in any individual security.

Not included in the investment portfolio are interest bearing deposits with banks and overnight investments in Federal Funds Sold. Interest bearing deposits with banks consisted primarily of FRB deposits. The FRB currently pays interest on the deposits that banks maintain in their FRB accounts, whereas historically banks had to sell these Federal Funds to other banks in order to earn interest. Since balances at the FRB are effectively risk free, the Company elected to maintain its excess cash at the FRB. Interest bearing deposits with banks totaled $223.2 million at December 31, 2019 and $84.5 million at December 31, 2018.

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The Company classifies its investments as held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale (“AFS”). Securities are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost when the Company has the intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Trading securities are securities acquired for short-term appreciation and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in non-interest income. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no securities in the trading portfolio. Securities classified as available-for-sale include securities, which may be sold to effectively manage interest rate risk exposure, prepayment risk, satisfy liquidity demands and other factors. These securities are reported at fair value with aggregate, unrealized gains or losses excluded from income and included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of related income taxes.

Investment Portfolio

The following table summarizes the balances and distributions of the investment securities held on the dates indicated.

	Available for Sale		Held to Maturity		Available for Sale		Held to Maturity		Available for Sale		Held to Maturity
December 31:  (in thousands)	2019				2018				2017
U.S. Treasury Notes	$	54,995	$	-	$	164,514	$	-	$	144,164	$	-
U.S. Government SBA		10,798		-		15,447		-		29,380		-
Government Agency & Government Sponsored Entities		-		-		3,039		-		3,128		-
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		-		60,229		-		53,566		-		54,460
Mortgage Backed Securities		441,078		-		307,045		-		301,914		-
Other		515		-		5,351		-		3,010		-
Total Book Value	$	507,386	$	60,229	$	495,396	$	53,566	$	481,596	$	54,460
Fair Value	$	507,386	$	61,097	$	495,396	$	53,738	$	481,596	$	58,408

Analysis of Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

The following table is a summary of the relative maturities and yields of the Company’s investment securities Available-for-Sale as of December 31, 2019.

December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Average Yield
U.S. Treasury
One year or less	$	39,996		1.46	%
After one year through five years		14,999		2.32	%
Total U.S. Treasury Securities		54,995		1.70	%
U.S. Government SBA
After one year through five years		393		3.19	%
After five years through ten years		955		3.14	%
After ten years		9,450		2.93	%
Total U.S. Government Securities		10,798		2.96	%
Other
One year or less		515		2.55	%
Total Other Securities		515		2.55	%
Mortgage Backed Securities		441,078		2.69	%
Total Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	$	507,386		2.59	%

Note: The average yield for floating rate securities is calculated using the current stated yield.

Analysis of Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The following table is a summary of the relative maturities and yields of the Company’s investment securities Held-to-Maturity as of December 31, 2019. Non-taxable Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.

December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Book Value		Average Yield
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions
One year or less	$	2,446		4.76	%
After one year through five years		5,902		5.39	%
After five years through ten years		23,980		3.48	%
After ten years		27,901		4.67	%
Total Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		60,229		4.27	%
Total Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	$	60,229		4.27	%

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Loans & Leases

Loans & leases can be categorized by borrowing purpose and use of funds. Common examples of loans & leases made by the Company include:

Commercial and Agricultural Real Estate - These are loans secured by farmland, commercial real estate, multifamily residential properties, and other non-farm, non-residential properties generally within our market area. Commercial mortgage term loans can be made if the property is either income producing or scheduled to become income producing based upon acceptable pre-leasing, and the income will be the Bank’s primary source of repayment for the loan. Loans are made both on owner occupied and investor properties; generally do not exceed 15 years (and may have pricing adjustments on a shorter timeframe); have debt service coverage ratios of 1.00 or better with a target of greater than 1.25; and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan.

Real Estate Construction - These are loans for development and construction (the Company generally requires the borrower to fund the land acquisition) and are secured by commercial or residential real estate. These loans are generally made only to experienced local developers with whom the Bank has a successful track record; for projects in our service area; with Loan To Value (LTV) below 75%; and where the property can be developed and sold within 2 years. Commercial construction loans are made only when there is a written take-out commitment from the Bank or an acceptable financial institution or government agency. Most acquisition, development and construction loans are tied to the prime rate or LIBOR with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan.

Residential 1^st Mortgages - These are loans primarily made on owner occupied residences; generally underwritten to income and LTV guidelines similar to those used by FNMA and FHLMC; however, we will make loans on rural residential properties up to 40 acres. Most residential loans have terms from ten to twenty years and carry fixed rates priced off of treasury rates. The Company has always underwritten mortgage loans based upon traditional underwriting criteria and does not make loans that are known in the industry as “subprime,” “no or low doc,” or “stated income.”

Home Equity Lines and Loans - These are loans made to individuals for home improvements and other personal needs. Generally, amounts do not exceed $250,000; Combined Loan To Value (CLTV) does not exceed 80%; FICO scores are at or above 670; Total Debt Ratios do not exceed 43%; and in some situations the Company is in a 1^st lien position.

Agricultural - These are loans and lines of credit made to farmers to finance agricultural production. Lines of credit are extended to finance the seasonal needs of farmers during peak growing periods; are usually established for periods no longer than 12 to 24 months; are often secured by general filing liens on livestock, crops, crop proceeds and equipment; and are most often tied to the prime rate with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan. Term loans are primarily made for the financing of equipment, expansion or modernization of a processing plant, or orchard/vineyard development; have maturities from five to seven years; and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan.

Commercial - These are loans and lines of credit to businesses that are sole proprietorships, partnerships, LLC’s and corporations. Lines of credit are extended to finance the seasonal working capital needs of customers during peak business periods; are usually established for periods no longer than 12 to 24 months; are often secured by general filing liens on accounts receivable, inventory and equipment; and are most often tied to the prime rate with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan. Term loans are primarily made for the financing of equipment, expansion or modernization of a plant or purchase of a business; have maturities from five to seven years; and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk in the loan.

Consumer - These are loans to individuals for personal use, and primarily include loans to purchase automobiles or recreational vehicles, and unsecured lines of credit. The Company has a minimal consumer loan portfolio, and loans are primarily made as an accommodation to deposit customers.

Leases –These are leases to businesses or individuals, for the purpose of financing the acquisition of equipment. They can be either “finance leases” where the lessee retains the tax benefits of ownership but obtains 100% financing on their equipment purchases; or “true tax leases” where the Company, as lessor, places reliance on equipment residual value and in doing so obtains the tax benefits of ownership. Leases typically have a maturity of three to ten years, and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease.

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The Company accounts for leases with Investment Tax Credits (ITC) under the deferred method as established in ASC 740-10. ITC are viewed and accounted for as a reduction of the cost of the related assets and presented as deferred income on the Company’s financial statement.

See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk-Credit Risk” for a discussion about the credit risks the Company assumes and its overall credit risk management practices.

Each loan or lease type involves risks specific to the: (1) borrower; (2) collateral; and (3) loan & lease structure. See “Results of Operations - Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” for a more detailed discussion of risks by loan & lease type. The Company’s current underwriting policies and standards are designed to mitigate the risks involved in each loan & lease type. The Company’s policies require that loans & leases are approved only to those borrowers exhibiting a clear source of repayment and the ability to service existing and proposed debt. The Company’s underwriting procedures for all loan & lease types require careful consideration of the borrower, the borrower’s financial condition, the borrower’s management capability, the borrower’s industry, and the economic environment affecting the loan or lease.

Most loans & leases made by the Company are secured, but collateral is the secondary or tertiary source of repayment; cash flow is our primary source of repayment. The quality and liquidity of collateral are important and must be confirmed before the loan is made.

In order to be responsive to borrower needs, the Company prices loans & leases: (1) on both a fixed rate and adjustable rate basis; (2) over different terms; and (3) based upon different rate indices; as long as these structures are consistent with the Company’s interest rate risk management policies and procedures. See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk-Interest Rate Risk” for further details.

Overall, the Company’s loan & lease portfolio at December 31, 2019 totaled $2.7 billion, an increase of $101.8 million or 4.0% over December 31, 2018. This increase occurred as a result of: (1) the Company’s business development efforts directed toward credit-qualified borrowers; and (2) expansion of our service area into the East Bay of San Francisco and Napa. No assurances can be made that this growth in the loan & lease portfolio will continue.

The following table sets forth the distribution of the loan & lease portfolio by type and percent as of December 31 of the years indicated.

	2019					2018					2017					2016					2015
(in thousands)	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
Commercial Real Estate	$	846,486		31.6	%	$	834,476		32.4	%	$	691,639		31.1	%	$	674,445		30.9	%	$	609,602		30.4	%
Agricultural Real Estate		625,767		23.3	%		584,625		22.7	%		499,231		22.5	%		467,685		21.4	%		424,034		21.2	%
Real Estate Construction		115,644		4.3	%		98,568		3.8	%		100,206		4.5	%		176,462		8.1	%		151,974		7.6	%
Residential 1st Mortgages		255,253		9.5	%		259,736		10.1	%		260,751		11.7	%		242,247		11.1	%		206,405		10.3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,270		1.5	%		40,789		1.6	%		34,525		1.6	%		31,625		1.4	%		33,056		1.7	%
Agricultural		292,904		10.9	%		290,463		11.3	%		273,582		12.3	%		295,325		13.5	%		293,966		14.7	%
Commercial		384,795		14.4	%		343,834		13.3	%		265,703		12.0	%		217,577		10.0	%		210,804		10.5	%
Consumer & Other		15,422		0.6	%		19,412		0.8	%		6,656		0.3	%		6,913		0.3	%		6,592		0.3	%
Leases		104,470		3.9	%		106,217		4.0	%		88,957		4.0	%		70,986		3.3	%		65,054		3.3	%
Total Gross Loans & Leases		2,680,011		100.0	%		2,578,120		100.0	%		2,221,250		100.0	%		2,183,265		100.0	%		2,001,487		100.0	%
Less: Unearned Income		6,984					6,879					5,955					5,664					5,128
Subtotal		2,673,027					2,571,241					2,215,295					2,177,601					1,996,359
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012					55,266					50,342					47,919					41,523
Loans & Leases, Net	$	2,618,015				$	2,515,975				$	2,164,953				$	2,129,682				$	1,954,836

There were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans which were not otherwise disclosed as a category of loans in the above table.

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The following table shows the maturity distribution and interest rate sensitivity of the loan portfolio of the Company on December 31, 2019.

(in thousands)	One Year or Less			Over One Year to Five Years			Over Five Years			Total
Commercial Real Estate	$	32,190		$	253,749		$	552,631		$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		19,409			138,126			468,232			625,767
Real Estate Construction		80,236			30,585			4,823			115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		303			6,843			248,107			255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		15			524			38,731			39,270
Agricultural		198,105			81,712			13,087			292,904
Commercial		179,223			151,414			54,158			384,795
Consumer & Other		643			7,370			7,409			15,422
Leases		450			58,647			46,305			105,402
Total	$	510,574		$	728,970		$	1,433,483		$	2,673,027
Rate Sensitivity:
Fixed Rate	$	61,562		$	391,130		$	820,540		$	1,273,232
Variable Rate		449,012			337,840			612,943			1,399,795
Total	$	510,574		$	728,970		$	1,433,483		$	2,673,027
Percent		19.10	%		27.27	%		53.63	%		100.00	%

Classified Loans & Leases and Non-Performing Assets

All loans & leases are assigned a credit risk grade using grading standards developed by bank regulatory agencies. See “Results of Operations - Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” for more detail on risk grades. The Company utilizes the services of a third-party independent loan & lease review firm to perform evaluations of individual loans & leases and review the credit risk grades the Company places on loans & leases. Loans & leases that are judged to exhibit a higher risk profile are referred to as “classified” and these loans & leases receive increased management attention. As of December 31, 2019, classified loans & leases totaled $16.2 million compared to $15.1 million at December 31, 2018.

Classified loans & leases with higher levels of credit risk can be further designated as “impaired” loans & leases. A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. See “Results of Operations - Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses” for further details. Impaired loans & leases consist of: (1) non-accrual loans & leases; and/or (2) restructured loans & leases that are still performing (i.e., accruing interest).

Non-Accrual Loans & Leases - Accrual of interest on loans & leases is generally discontinued when a loan or lease becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal. When loans & leases are 90 days past due, but in management’s judgment are well secured and in the process of collection, they may not be classified as non-accrual. When a loan or lease is placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed. Income on such loans & leases is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is probable. There were no nonaccrual loans & leases at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Restructured Loans & Leases - A restructuring of a loan or lease constitutes a TDR under ASC 310-40, if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans or leases typically present an elevated level of credit risk, as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. If the restructured loan or lease was current on all payments at the time of restructure and management reasonably expects the borrower will continue to perform after the restructure, management may keep the loan or lease on accrual. Loans & leases that are on nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR loans, remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. A loan or lease can be removed from TDR status if it was restructured at a market rate in a prior calendar year and is currently in compliance with its modified terms. However, these loans or leases continue to be classified as impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment.

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At December 31, 2019, restructured loans totaled $12.1 million all of which were performing and at December 31, 2018, restructured loans totaled $13.6 million all of which were performing.

Other Real Estate - Loans where the collateral has been repossessed are classified as other real estate (“ORE”) or, if the collateral is personal property, the loan is classified as other assets on the Company’s financial statements.

The following table sets forth the amount of the Company’s non-performing loans & leases and ORE as of December 31 of the years indicated.

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Non-Accrual Loans & Leases
Commercial Real Estate	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	19
Agricultural Real Estate		-			-			-			1,304			-
Real Estate Construction		-			-			-			-			-
Residential 1st Mortgages		-			-			-			95			65
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-			-			-			-			538
Agricultural		-			-			-			243			-
Commercial		-			-			-			1,426			1,524
Consumer & Other		-			-			-			6			10
Total Non-Accrual Loans & Leases		-			-			-			3,074			2,156
Accruing Loans & Leases Past Due 90 Days or More
Commercial Real Estate		-			-			-			-			-
Agricultural Real Estate		-			-			-			-			-
Real Estate Construction		-			-			-			-			-
Residential 1st Mortgages		-			-			-			-			-
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-			-			-			-			-
Agricultural		-			-			-			-			-
Commercial		-			-			-			-			-
Consumer & Other		-			-			-			-			-
Total Accruing Loans & Leases Past Due 90 Days or More		-			-			-			-			-
Total Non-Performing Loans & Leases	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	3,074		$	2,156
Other Real Estate Owned	$	873		$	873		$	873		$	3,745		$	2,441
Total Non-Performing Assets	$	873		$	873		$	873		$	6,819		$	4,597
Restructured Loans & Leases (Performing)	$	12,105		$	13,577		$	6,301		$	4,462		$	4,953
Non-Performing Loans & Leases as a Percent of Total Loans & Leases		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.14	%		0.11	%

Although management believes that non-performing loans & leases are generally well-secured and that potential losses are provided for in the Company’s allowance for credit losses, there can be no assurance that future deterioration in economic conditions and/or collateral values will not result in future credit losses. See Note 5, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for an allocation of the allowance classified to impaired loans & leases.

The Company reported $873,000 of ORE at December 31, 2019, and at December 31, 2018. ORE at December 31, 2019 consisted of commercial land.

Except for those classified and non-performing loans & leases discussed above, the Company’s management is not aware of any loans & leases as of December 31, 2019, for which known financial problems of the borrower would cause serious doubts as to the ability of these borrowers to materially comply with their present loan or lease repayment terms, or any known events that would result in the loan or lease being designated as non-performing at some future date. However:

• The Central Valley was one of the hardest hit areas in the country during the recession. In many areas, housing prices declined as much as 60% and unemployment reached 15% or more. Although the economy has strengthened throughout the Central Valley, in many of the Company’s market segments housing prices remain below peak levels and unemployment levels remain above those in other areas of the state and country.

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• The State of California experienced drought conditions from 2013 through most of 2016. Since 2016, reasonable levels of rain and snow have alleviated drought conditions in many areas of California, including those in the Company’s primary service area. As a result, reservoir levels are normal and the availability of water in our primary service area should not be an issue. However, the weather patterns over the past 5 years further reinforce the fact that the long-term risks associated with the availability of water are significant.

• The agricultural industry is facing challenges associated with: (1) weakness in export markets due to a stronger dollar and uncertainty in trade policies; (2) tight labor markets and higher wages due to legislative changes at the state and federal levels; and (3) proposed changes in immigration policy and the resulting impact on the labor pool.

Deposits

One of the key sources of funds to support earning assets is the generation of deposits from the Company’s customer base. The ability to grow the customer base and subsequently deposits is a significant element in the performance of the Company.

The following table sets forth, by time remaining to maturity, the Company’s time deposits in amounts of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2019.

(in thousands)
Time Deposits of $250,000 or More
Three Months or Less	$	123,582
Over Three Months Through Six Months		47,723
Over Six Months Through Twelve Months		66,022
Over Twelve Months		20,065
Total Time Deposits of $250,000 or More	$	257,392

Refer to the Year-To-Date Average Balances and Rate Schedules located in this “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for information on separate deposit categories.

At December 31, 2019, deposits totaled $3.28 billion. This represents an increase of 7.0% or $215.2 million from December 31, 2018. In addition to the Company’s ongoing business development activities for deposits, the following factors positively impacted year-over-year deposit growth: (1) the Company’s strong financial results and position and F&M Bank’s reputation as one of the most safe and sound banks in its market area; and (2) the Company’s expansion of its service area into Walnut Creek, Concord and Napa. The company continues to experience significant competitive pressures on deposit rates. The Company remains selective in how they respond to competitor rates, which may impact future deposit growth.

Although total deposits have increased 7.0% since December 31, 2018, importantly, low cost transaction accounts have grown at a strong pace:

• Demand and interest-bearing transaction accounts increased $96.0 million or 5.8% since December 31, 2018.

• Savings and money market accounts have increased $91.3 million or 10.1% since December 31, 2018.

• Time deposit accounts have increased $27.9 million or 5.7% since December 31, 2018.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Federal Reserve Bank Borrowings

Lines of Credit with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank are other key sources of funds to support earning assets. These sources of funds are also used to manage the Bank’s interest rate risk exposure; and, as opportunities arise, to borrow and invest the proceeds at a positive spread through the investment portfolio. There were no FHLB advances at December 31, 2019 or 2018. There were no Federal Funds purchased or advances from the FRB at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

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Long-Term Subordinated Debentures

On December 17, 2003, the Company raised $10.0 million through the sale of subordinated debentures to an off-balance sheet trust and its sale of trust-preferred securities. See Note 12, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Although this amount is reflected as subordinated debt on the Company’s balance sheet, under current regulatory guidelines, our TPS will continue to qualify as regulatory capital. These securities accrue interest at a variable rate based upon 3-month London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.85%. Interest rates reset quarterly (the next reset is March 17, 2020) and the rate was 4.75% as of December 31, 2019. The average rate paid for these securities was 5.37% in 2019 and 5.08% in 2018. Additionally, if the Company decided to defer interest on the subordinated debentures, the Company would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on the Company’s common stock.

Capital

The Company relies primarily on capital generated through the retention of earnings to satisfy its capital requirements. The Company engages in an ongoing assessment of its capital needs in order to support business growth and to insure depositor protection. Shareholders’ Equity totaled $369.3 million at December 31, 2019, and $311.2 million at the end of 2018.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The implementation of Basel III requirements increased the required capital levels that the Company and the Bank must maintain. The final rules included new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios which were phased in over time. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank under the final rules are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets (“RWA”); (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% of RWA; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of RWA; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above each of the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, which resulted in the following minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0% of RWA; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% of RWA; and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5% of RWA. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. The final rules also permit the Company’s subordinated debentures issued in 2003 to continue to be counted as Tier 1 capital.

The final rules became effective as applied to the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, with a phase in period through January 1, 2019. The Company believes that it is currently in compliance with all of these capital requirements and that they will not result in any restrictions on the Company’s business activity.

In addition, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. For further information on the Company’s and the Bank’s risk-based capital ratios, see Note 13, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”. At this time, neither the Company nor the Bank intend to opt into the new CBLR framework.

As previously discussed, in order to supplement its regulatory capital base, during December 2003, the Company issued $10.0 million of trust preferred securities. In accordance with the provisions of the “Consolidation” topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), the Company does not consolidate the subsidiary trust, which has issued the trust-preferred securities.

In 1998, the Board approved the Company’s first common stock repurchase program. This program has been extended and expanded several times since then, and most recently, on November 6, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an extension of the $20 million stock repurchase program over the three-year period ending December 31, 2021. See “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”

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There were no stock repurchases in 2019 or 2018 under the Common Stock Repurchase Plan.  However, in the third quarter of 2018 the Company did repurchase $31.2 million of shares, at $700 per share, in a single transaction from the estate of a large shareholder. The remaining dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Company’s Common Stock Repurchase Plan is approximately $20 million.

On August 5, 2008, the Board of Directors approved a Share Purchase Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”), pursuant to which the Company entered into a Rights Agreement dated August 5, 2008, with Computershare as Rights Agent. The Rights Plan was set to expire on August 5, 2018. On November 19, 2015, the Board of Directors approved a seven-year extension of the term of the Rights Plan. Pursuant to an Amendment to the Rights Agreement dated February 18, 2016, the term of the Rights Plan was extended from August 5, 2018 to August 5, 2025. The extension of the term of the Rights Plan was intended as a means to continue to guard against abusive takeover tactics and was not in response to any particular proposal. See “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for further explanation.

During 2019, the Company issued a combined total 9,312 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $715.00 to $770.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital. See Note 13, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

During 2018, the Company issued a combined total 13,520 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. There were also 2,400 shares issued to individuals during 2018. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $635.00 to $690.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

During 2017, the Company issued 4,975 shares of common stock, which were contributed to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. The shares issued had prices ranging from $590 per share to $595 per share. These share prices were based upon valuations completed by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds from these issuances were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In preparing the Company’s financial statements management makes estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management believes that the most significant subjective judgments that it makes include the following:

Allowance for Credit Losses - As a financial institution, which assumes lending and credit risks as a principal element in its business, the Company anticipates that credit losses will be experienced in the normal course of business. Accordingly, the allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered adequate by management to provide for losses that are inherent in the portfolio. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to operating expense and reduced by net charge-offs. Management employs a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the credit quality of the loan & lease portfolio and considers problem loans & leases, delinquencies, internal credit reviews, current economic conditions, loan & lease loss experience, and other factors in determining the adequacy of the allowance balance.

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While the Company utilizes a systematic methodology in determining its allowance, the allowance is based on estimates, and ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. The estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known. For additional information, see Note 5, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

See Note 20, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a discussion of CECL and the accounting change which will impact our allowance for credit losses in 2020.

Fair Value - The Company discloses the fair value of financial instruments and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate those fair values. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, will likely reduce the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. In some cases, book value is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short period of time between origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For additional information, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Credit Risk” and Notes 16 and 17 located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Income Taxes - The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The deferred provision for income taxes is the result of the net change in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balances during the year. This amount combined with the current taxes payable or refundable results in the income tax expense for the current year. For additional information, see Note 1, located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Valuation of Goodwill - Goodwill is not amortized but instead is periodically tested for impairment. Management performs this impairment analysis on an annual basis as of December 31.  Additionally, events or circumstances are analyzed on an interim basis to determine if there is an indication of a potential impairment.  The impairment analysis requires management to make subjective judgments. Events and factors that may significantly affect the estimates include, among others, a significant decline in expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates or a significant and sustained decline in the price of our common stock, changes in discount rates and specific industry and market conditions. There can be no assurance that changes in circumstances, estimates or assumptions may result in additional impairment of all, or some portion of, goodwill.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

Off-balance-sheet arrangements are any contractual arrangement to which an unconsolidated entity is a party, under which the Company has: (1) any obligation under a guarantee contract; (2) a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity, or market risk support to that entity for such assets; (3) any obligation under certain derivative instruments; or (4) any obligation under a material variable interest held by us in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to the Company, or engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development services with the Company. The Company had the following off balance sheet commitments as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commitments to Extend Credit	$	919,982	$	828,539
Letters of Credit		20,346		19,108
Performance Guarantees Under Interest Rate Swap Contracts Entered Into Between Our Borrowing Customers and Third Parties		1,513		-

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party with regard to standby letters of credit, undisbursed loan commitments, and financial guarantees is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for recorded balance sheet items. The Company may or may not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. Evaluations of each customer’s creditworthiness are performed on a case-by-case basis.

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Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of or payment for a customer to a third party. Most standby letters of credit are issued for 12 months or less. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Additionally, the Company maintains a reserve for off balance sheet commitments, which totaled $315,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018. We do not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions.

Aggregate Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table presents, as of December 31, 2019, our significant and determinable contractual obligations by payment date. The payment amounts represent those amounts contractually due to the recipient and do not include any unamortized premiums or discounts, or other similar carrying value adjustments. For further information on the nature of each obligation type, see applicable note disclosures located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

(in thousands)	Total		1 Year or Less		2-3 Years		4-5 Years		More Than 5 Years
Long-Term Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		-		-		10,310
Deferred Compensation (1)		66,672		1,235		1,234		617		63,586
Total	$	76,982	$	1,235	$	1,234	$	617	$	73,896

⁽¹⁾ These amounts represent obligations to participants under the Company’s various non-qualified deferred compensation plans. All amounts have been fully funded in to a Rabbi Trust as of December 31, 2019. See Note 15 located in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Risk Management

The Company has adopted risk management policies and procedures, which aim to ensure the proper control and management of all risk factors inherent in the operation of the Company, most importantly credit risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk. These risk factors are not mutually exclusive. It is recognized that any product or service offered by the Company may expose the Company to one or more of these risk factors.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor’s failure to meet the terms of any contract or otherwise fail to perform as agreed. Credit risk is found in all activities where success depends on counterparty, issuer, or borrower performance.

Credit risk in the investment portfolio and correspondent bank accounts is addressed through defined limits in the Company’s policy statements. In addition, certain securities carry insurance to enhance credit quality of the bond.

In order to control credit risk in the loan & lease portfolio the Company has established credit management policies and procedures that govern both the approval of new loans & leases and the monitoring of the existing portfolio. The Company manages and controls credit risk through comprehensive underwriting and approval standards, dollar limits on loans & leases to one borrower, and by restricting loans & leases made primarily to its principal market area where management believes it is best able to assess the applicable risk. Additionally, management has established guidelines to ensure the diversification of the Company’s credit portfolio such that even within key portfolio sectors such as real estate or agriculture, the portfolio is diversified across factors such as location, building type, crop type, etc. However, as a financial institution that assumes credit risks as a principal element of its business, credit losses will be experienced in the normal course of business. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered by management to be adequate to provide for risks inherent in the loan & lease portfolio. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to operating expense and reduced by net charge-offs.

62

The Company’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance is applied on a regular basis and considers all loans & leases. The systematic methodology consists of three parts.

Part 1 - includes a detailed analysis of the loan & lease portfolio in two phases. The first phase is conducted in accordance with the “Receivables” topic of the FASB ASC. Individual loans & leases are reviewed to identify them for impairment. A loan or lease is impaired when principal and interest are deemed uncollectible in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan or lease. Impairment is measured as either the expected future cash flows discounted at each loan’s or lease’s effective interest rate, the fair value of the loan’s or lease’s collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent, or an observable market price of the loan or lease, if one exists. Upon measuring the impairment, the Company will ensure an appropriate level of allowance is present or established.

Central to the first phase of the analysis of the loan & lease portfolio is the risk rating system. The originating credit officer assigns each borrower an initial risk rating, which is based primarily on a thorough analysis of that borrower’s financial position in conjunction with industry and economic trends. Approvals are made based upon the amount of inherent credit risk specific to the transaction and are reviewed for appropriateness by senior credit administration personnel. Credits are monitored by credit administration personnel for deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition, which would impact the ability of the borrower to perform under the contract. Risk ratings are adjusted as necessary. Risk ratings are reviewed by both the Company’s independent third-party credit examiners and bank examiners from the DBO and FDIC.

Based on the risk rating system, specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to a credit that management believes indicates that the loan or lease is impaired and there is a probability of loss. Management performs a detailed analysis of these loans & leases, including, but not limited to, cash flows, appraisals of the collateral, conditions of the marketplace for liquidating the collateral, and assessment of the guarantors. Management then determines the inherent loss potential and allocates a portion of the allowance for losses as a specific allowance for each of these credits.

The second phase is conducted by segmenting the loan & lease portfolio by risk rating and into groups of loans & leases with similar characteristics in accordance with the “Contingency” topic of the FASB ASC. In this second phase, groups of loans & leases with similar characteristics are reviewed and the appropriate allowance factor is applied based on the historical average charge-off rate for each particular group of loans or leases.

Part 2 - considers qualitative internal and external factors that may affect a loan or lease’s collectability, is based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions, the effects of which are not directly measured in the determination of the historical and specific allowances. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific problem credits or portfolio segments. The conditions evaluated in connection with the second element of the analysis of the allowance include, but are not limited to the following conditions that existed as of the balance sheet date:

● general economic and business conditions affecting the key service areas of the Company;

● credit quality trends (including trends in collateral values, delinquencies and non-performing loans & leases);

● loan & lease volumes, growth rates and concentrations;

● loan & lease portfolio seasoning;

● specific industry and crop conditions;

● recent loss experience; and

● duration of the current business cycle.

Part 3 - An unallocated allowance generally occurs due to the imprecision in estimating and allocating allowance balances associated with macro factors such as: (1) economic conditions in the Central Valley; and (2) the long-term risks associated with the availability of water in the Central Valley.

Management reviews all of these conditions in discussion with the Company’s senior credit officers. To the extent that any of these conditions is evidenced by a specifically identifiable impaired credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s estimate of the effect of such condition may be reflected as a specific allowance applicable to such credit or portfolio segment. Where any of these conditions is not evidenced by a specifically identifiable impaired credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s evaluation of the inherent loss related to such condition is reflected in the second element of the allowance or in the unallocated allowance.

63

Management believes, that based upon the preceding methodology, and using information currently available, the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2019 was adequate. No assurances can be given that future events may not result in increases in delinquencies, non-performing loans & leases, or net loan & lease charge-offs that would require increases in the provision for credit losses and thereby adversely affect the results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk

The mismatch between maturities of interest sensitive assets and liabilities results in uncertainty in the Company’s earnings and economic value and is referred to as interest rate risk. The Company does not attempt to predict interest rates and positions the balance sheet in a manner, which seeks to minimize, to the extent possible, the effects of changing interest rates.

The Company measures interest rate risk in terms of potential impact on both its economic value and earnings. The methods for governing the amount of interest rate risk include: (1) analysis of asset and liability mismatches (Gap analysis); (2) the utilization of a simulation model; and (3) limits on maturities of investment, loan & lease, and deposit products, which reduces the market volatility of those instruments.

The Gap analysis measures, at specific time intervals, the divergence between earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for which repricing opportunities will occur. A positive difference, or Gap, indicates that earning assets will reprice faster than interest-bearing liabilities. This will generally produce a greater net interest margin during periods of rising interest rates and a lower net interest margin during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, a negative Gap will generally produce a lower net interest margin during periods of rising interest rates and a greater net interest margin during periods of decreasing interest rates.

The interest rates paid on deposit accounts do not always move in unison with the rates charged on loans & leases. In addition, the magnitude of changes in the rates charged on loans & leases is not always proportionate to the magnitude of changes in the rate paid for deposits. Consequently, changes in interest rates do not necessarily result in an increase or decrease in the net interest margin solely as a result of the differences between repricing opportunities of earning assets or interest bearing liabilities.

The Company also utilizes the results of a dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. The sensitivity of the Company’s net interest income is measured over a rolling one-year horizon.

The simulation model estimates the impact of changing interest rates on interest income from all interest earning assets and the interest expense paid on all interest bearing liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis is compared to policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one-year horizon assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point upward and a 100 basis point downward shift in interest rates. A shift in rates over a 12-month period is assumed. Results that exceed policy limits, if any, are analyzed for risk tolerance and reported to the Board with appropriate recommendations. At December 31, 2019, the Company’s estimated net interest income sensitivity to changes in interest rates, as a percent of net interest income was an increase in net interest income of 2.0% if rates increase by 200 basis points and a decrease in net interest income of 2.0% if rates decline 100 basis points.

The estimated sensitivity does not necessarily represent a Company forecast and the results may not be indicative of actual changes to the Company’s net interest income. These estimates are based upon a number of assumptions including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including yield curve shape; prepayments on loans & leases and securities; pricing strategies on loans & leases and deposits; replacement of asset and liability cash flows; and other assumptions. While the assumptions used are based on current economic and local market conditions, there is no assurance as to the predictive nature of these conditions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.

64

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk to earnings or capital resulting from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due without incurring unacceptable losses. It includes the ability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources and to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the Company’s ability to liquidate assets or acquire funds quickly and with minimum loss of value. The Company endeavors to maintain a cash flow adequate to fund operations, handle fluctuations in deposit levels, respond to the credit needs of borrowers, and to take advantage of investment opportunities as they arise.

The Company’s principal operating sources of liquidity include (see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows”) cash and cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities, principal payments on loans & leases, proceeds from the maturity or sale of investments, and growth in deposits. To supplement these operating sources of funds the Company maintains Federal Funds credit lines of $78 million and repurchase lines of $112 million with major banks. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has additional borrowing capacity of $674.9 million with the Federal Home Loan Bank and $441.3 million with the Federal Reserve Bank. Borrowings under these lines are collateralized with loans or securities that have been accepted for pledging at the FHLB and FRB.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had available sources of liquidity, which included cash and cash equivalents and unpledged investment securities available-for-sale of approximately $407.9 million, which represents 11% of total assets.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

	Page
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	66
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	67
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2019, and 2018	69
Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	70
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	71
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	72
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	73
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	74

65

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control, and accordingly, even effective internal control can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and fair presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 as described in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As a result of this assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.

Moss Adams LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report, was engaged to express an opinion as to the fairness of presentation of such financial statements. Moss Adams LLP was also engaged to audit the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The report of Moss Adams LLP follows this report.

Kent A. Steinwert	Stephen W. Haley
Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

66

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework 2013 issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidatedfinancial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting included in Item 8. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidatedfinancial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

67

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

San Francisco, California

March 13, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

68

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands except share and per share data)

	December 31,
Assets	2019		2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and Due from Banks	$	71,564	$	61,058
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks		223,194		84,506
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents		294,758		145,564
Investment Securities:
Available-for-Sale		507,386		495,396
Held-to-Maturity		60,229		53,566
Total Investment Securities		567,615		548,962
Loans & Leases:		2,673,027		2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012		55,266
Loans& Leases, Net		2,618,015		2,515,975
Premises and Equipment, Net		45,271		32,623
Bank Owned Life Insurance, Net		67,148		65,117
Interest Receivable and Other Assets		129,023		126,002
Total Assets	$	3,721,830	$	3,434,243
Liabilities
Deposits:
Demand	$	1,067,187	$	974,756
Interest-Bearing Transaction		697,952		694,384
Savings and Money Market		994,958		903,665
Time		517,922		490,027
Total Deposits		3,278,019		3,062,832
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		10,310
Interest Payable and Other Liabilities		64,205		49,886
Total Liabilities		3,352,534		3,123,028
Commitments & Contingencies (See Note 18)
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock:  No Par Value, 1,000,000 Shares Authorized, None Issued or Outstanding		-		-
Common Stock:  Par Value $0.01, 7,500,000 Shares Authorized, 793,033 and 783,721
Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.		8		8
Additional Paid-In Capital		79,947		72,974
Retained Earnings		286,036		241,221
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		3,305		(2,988	)
Total Shareholders’ Equity		369,296		311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	3,721,830	$	3,434,243

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

69

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands except per share data)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2017
Interest Income
Interest and Fees on Loans & Leases	$	137,237	$	119,837		$	102,682
Interest on Deposits with Banks		4,909		2,755			2,060
Interest on Investment Securities:
Taxable		9,911		9,257			8,123
Exempt from Federal Tax		1,651		1,604			1,747
Total Interest Income		153,708		133,453			114,612
Interest Expense
Deposits		12,640		7,425			5,865
Borrowed Funds		-		1			-
Subordinated Debentures		554		524			424
Total Interest Expense		13,194		7,950			6,289
Net Interest Income		140,514		125,503			108,323
Provision for Credit Losses		200		5,533			2,850
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses		140,314		119,970			105,473
Non-Interest Income
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		3,673		3,479			3,453
Net Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities		1		(1,260	)		131
Increase in Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance		2,031		1,900			1,822
Debit Card and ATM Fees		5,120		4,365			3,873
Net Gain on Deferred Compensation Investments		2,625		1,088			2,563
Other		3,791		5,647			4,920
Total Non-Interest Income		17,241		15,219			16,762
Non-Interest Expense
Salaries and Employee Benefits		55,250		50,054			45,746
Net Gain on Deferred Compensation Investments		2,625		1,088			2,563
Occupancy		4,295		3,905			3,543
Equipment		4,921		4,303			3,994
Marketing		1,254		1,232			1,027
Legal		2,347		968			424
FDIC Insurance		624		912			932
Gain on Sale of ORE		-		-			(414	)
Acquisition Expenses		-		2,933			-
Other		10,926		10,064			9,939
Total Non-Interest Expense		82,242		75,459			67,754
Income Before Income Taxes		75,313		59,730			54,481
Provision for Income Taxes		19,277		14,203			26,111
Net Income	$	56,036	$	45,527		$	28,370
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share	$	71.18	$	56.82		$	35.03

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

70

FARMERS & MERCHANTS BANCORP

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370
Other Comprehensive Loss
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities		8,936			(4,343	)		(1,011	)
Deferred Tax Benefit Related to Unrealized (Gain) Losses		(2,642	)		1,284			281
Reclassification Adjustment for Realized (Gain) Loss  on Available-for-Sale Securities Included in Net Income		(1	)		1,260			(131	)
Tax  (Benefit) Expense Related to Reclassification Adjustment		-			(372	)		55
Change in Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities, Net of Tax		6,293			(2,171	)		(806	)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		6,293			(2,171	)		(806	)
Comprehensive Income	$	62,329		$	43,356		$	27,564

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

71

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(in thousands except share and per share data)

	Common Shares Outstanding			Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2017		807,329		$	8	$	90,671		$	189,313		$	(11	)	$	279,981
Net Income										28,370						28,370
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock ($13.55 per share)										(10,982	)					(10,982	)
Issuance of Common Stock		4,975					2,953									2,953
Tax Adjustment of Available-for-Sale Securities Reclassed from AOCI										144			(144	)		-
Change in Net Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale													(662	)		(662	)
Balance, December 31, 2017		812,304		$	8	$	93,624		$	206,845		$	(817	)	$	299,660
Net Income										45,527						45,527
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock ($13.90 per share)										(11,151	)					(11,151	)
Repurchase of Common Stock		(44,503	)				(31,152	)								(31,152	)
Issuance of Common Stock		15,920					10,502									10,502
Change in Net Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale													(2,171	)		(2,171	)
Balance, December 31, 2018		783,721			8		72,974			241,221			(2,988	)		311,215
Net Income										56,036						56,036
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock ($14.20 per share)										(11,221	)					(11,221	)
Issuance of Common Stock		9,312					6,973									6,973
Change in Net Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale													6,293			6,293
Balance, December 31, 2019		793,033		$	8	$	79,947		$	286,036		$	3,305		$	369,296

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

72

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Operating Activities
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Provision for Credit Losses		200			5,533			2,850
Depreciation and Amortization		2,756			2,421			2,186
(Benefit) Provision for Deferred Income Taxes		(3,254	)		5,462			12,605
Net Amortization of Investment Security Premium & Discounts		510			861			1,430
Amortization of Core Deposit Intangible		639			228			110
Accretion of Discount on Acquired Loans		(47	)		(153	)		(202	)
Net (Gain) Loss on Investment Securities		(1	)		1,260			(131	)
Net Loss (Gain) on Sale of Property & Equipment		87			(273	)		(1,189	)
Net Gain on sale of ORE		-			-			(414	)
Earnings from Equity Investment		-			(66	)		-
Dividends from Equity Investment		-			63			-
Gain on Remeasurement of Previously Held Equity Investment		-			(997	)		-
Net Change in Operating Assets & Liabilities:
Net Decrease (Increase) in Interest Receivable and Other Assets		18,949			(2,098	)		(275	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Interest Payable and Other Liabilities		4,983			6			(5,396	)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		80,858			57,774			39,944
Investing Activities
Purchase of Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		(652,280	)		(465,414	)		(325,573	)
Proceeds from Sold, Matured, or Called Securities Available-for-Sale		644,244			550,727			289,857
Purchase of Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		(16,376	)		(9,813	)		(1,205	)
Proceeds from Matured, or Called Securities Held-to-Maturity		10,871			10,647			4,794
Net Loans & Leases Paid, Originated or Acquired		(102,413	)		(276,066	)		(38,178	)
Principal Collected on Loans & Leases Previously Charged Off		220			158			259
Cash Paid for Acquisition, Net		-			(5,987	)		-
Additions to Premises and Equipment		(15,537	)		(4,577	)		(4,254	)
Purchase of Other Investment		(4,400	)		(5,750	)		(14,380	)
Proceeds from Sale of Property & Equipment		41			986			3,304
Proceeds from Sale of ORE		-			-			3,186
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(135,630	)		(205,089	)		(82,190	)
Financing Activities
Net Increase in Deposits		215,187			148,033			141,517
Stock Repurchases		-			(31,152	)		-
Cash Dividends		(11,221	)		(11,151	)		(10,982	)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities		203,966			105,730			130,535
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents		149,194			(41,585	)		88,289
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year		145,564			187,149			98,860
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$	294,758		$	145,564		$	187,149
Supplementary Data
Cash Payments Made for Income Taxes	$	7,342		$	7,971		$	13,942
Issuance of Common Stock to the Bank’s Non-Qualified Retirement Plans	$	6,973		$	10,502		$	2,953
Interest Paid	$	11,755		$	7,731		$	6,005
Supplementary Noncash Disclosure
Lease Liabilities Arising from Obtaining Right-of-Use Assets	$	5,645			-			-
Acquisitions:
Fair Value of Assets Acquired	$	-		$	234,456		$	-
Fair Value of Liabilities Acquired	$	-		$	192,809		$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp (the “Company”) was organized March 10, 1999. Primary operations are related to traditional banking activities through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California (the “Bank”) which was established in 1916. The Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries include Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation has been dormant since 1991. Farmers/Merchants Corp. acts as trustee on deeds of trust originated by the Bank.

The Company’s other wholly owned subsidiaries include F & M Bancorp, Inc. and FMCB Statutory Trust I. F & M Bancorp, Inc. was created in March 2002 to protect the name F & M Bank. During 2002, the Company completed a fictitious name filing in California to begin using the streamlined name “F & M Bank” as part of a larger effort to enhance the Company’s image and build brand name recognition. In December 2003, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, FMCB Statutory Trust I, for the sole purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities and related subordinated debentures, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). FMCB Statutory Trust I is a non-consolidated subsidiary.

On October 10, 2018, Farmers & Merchants Bancorp completed the acquisition of the Bank of Rio Vista, headquartered in Rio Vista, California, a locally owned and operated community bank established in 1904. As of the acquisition date, Bank of Rio Vista had approximately $217.5 million in assets and three branch locations in the communities of Rio Vista, Walnut Grove, and Lodi. Since the Company had a 39.65% interest in Bank of Rio Vista prior to the acquisition of the remaining interest, the transaction was accounted for as a business combination achieved in stages or a step acquisition. The Company, through an independent valuation, remeasured its previously held equity interest in Bank of Rio Vista at fair value, which resulted in a gain for the excess of the acquisition-date fair value over its carrying value of $997,000 which is included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. At the effective time of the acquisition, Bank of Rio Vista was merged into Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to U.S. GAAP and prevailing practice within the banking industry. The following is a summary of the significant accounting and reporting policies used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for financial information.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, F & M Bancorp, Inc. and the Bank, along with the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain amounts in the prior years’ financial statements and related footnote disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or total shareholders’ equity.

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New Accounting Changes

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

Out of Period Adjustment

During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, while preparing 2017 tax returns, the Company identified certain items related to IRS Code Section 162(m) that were not appropriately reflected in the 2014 through 2017 Provision for Income Taxes. To reflect this change, the cumulative impact of $990,000 was recognized by reducing the Company’s Provision for Income Taxes in the third quarter of 2018.  After evaluating the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the adjustment, the Company concluded that its 2017 financial statements were not materially misstated and, therefore, no restatement was required.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The Company elected to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption however, periods prior to the date of adoption will not be retrospectively revised, as the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption was not material.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is limited judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company has defined cash and cash equivalents as those amounts included in the balance sheet captions Cash and Due from Banks, Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks and Federal Funds Sold, which have original maturity dates of 3 months or less. For these instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified at the time of purchase as held-to-maturity (“HTM”) if it is management’s intent and the Company has the ability to hold the securities until maturity. These securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount using a level yield of interest over the estimated remaining period until maturity. Losses, reflecting a decline in value judged by the Company to be other than temporary, are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Securities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) if it is management’s intent, at the time of purchase, to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time and/or to use the securities as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy. These securities are reported at fair value with aggregate unrealized gains or losses excluded from income and included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of related income taxes. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or broker/dealer price quotations on a specific identification basis. Gains or losses on the sale of these securities are computed using the specific identification method.

Trading securities, if any, are acquired for short-term appreciation and are recorded in a trading portfolio and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in non-interest income.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement; and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

For equity securities, the entire amount of a market adjustment is recognized through earnings.

Loans & Leases

Loans & leases are reported at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned discounts and deferred loan & lease fees and costs. Interest income on loans & leases is accrued daily on the outstanding balances using the simple interest method. Loan & lease origination fees are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan or lease as an adjustment to the yield. Loans & leases are placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when they become past due for 90 days or more unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. For this purpose, a loan or lease is considered well-secured if it is collateralized by property having a net realizable value in excess of the amount of the loan or lease or is guaranteed by a financially capable party. When a loan or lease is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and charged against current income; thereafter, interest income is recognized only as it is collected in cash. Additionally, cash would be applied to principal if all principal was not expected to be collected. Loans & leases placed on non-accrual status are returned to accrual status when the loans or leases are paid current as to principal and interest and future payments are expected to be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan or lease.

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A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Impaired loans & leases are either: (1) non-accrual loans & leases; or (2) restructured loans & leases that are still accruing interest. Loans or leases determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan or lease is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan or lease’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan or lease’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent. A loan or lease is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan or lease is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.

A restructuring of a loan or lease constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s (the term “borrower” is used herein to describe a customer who has entered into either a loan or lease transaction) financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans & leases typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. If the restructured loan or lease was current on all payments at the time of restructure and management reasonably expects the borrower will continue to perform after the restructure, management may keep the loan or lease on accrual. Loans & leases that are on nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR, remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. A loan or lease can be removed from TDR status if it was restructured at a market rate in a prior calendar year and is currently in compliance with its modified terms. However, these loans or leases continue to be classified as impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment as described above.

Generally, the Company will not restructure loans or leases for borrowers unless: (1) the existing loan or lease is brought current as to principal and interest payments; and (2) the restructured loan or lease can be underwritten to reasonable underwriting standards. If these standards are not met other actions will be pursued (e.g., foreclosure) to collect outstanding loan or lease amounts. After restructure, a determination is made whether the loan or lease will be kept on accrual status based upon the underwriting and historical performance of the restructured credit.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Company’s loan & lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan & lease growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of three primary components: specific reserves related to impaired loans & leases; general reserves for inherent losses related to loans & leases that are not impaired; and an unallocated component that takes into account the imprecision in estimating and allocating allowance balances associated with macro factors.

The determination of the general reserve for loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment is based on estimates made by management, to include, but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment, internal asset classifications, qualitative factors that include economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan & lease portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment (loan & lease type). These portfolio segments include: (1) commercial real estate; (2) agricultural real estate; (3) real estate construction (including land and development loans); (4) residential 1^st mortgages; (5) home equity lines and loans; (6) agricultural; (7) commercial; (8) consumer and other; and (9) equipment leases. The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both individually evaluated impaired loans & leases and loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, which is included on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans & leases and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans & leases over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and assess overall collectability. For smaller balance loans & leases, such as consumer and residential real estate, a credit grade is established at inception, and then updated only when the loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent or when the borrower requests a modification. For larger balance loans, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans & leases. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan or lease. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company. The risk ratings can be grouped into five major categories, defined as follows:

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Pass – A pass loan or lease is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Special Mention – A special mention loan or lease has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans & leases are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard loan or lease is not adequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans or leases classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well-defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations.They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful –Loans or leases classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss – Loans or leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible. Once a loan or lease becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, the Company will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Company will estimate its probable loss and immediately charge-off some or all of the balance.

The general reserve component of the allowance for credit losses also consists of reserve factors that are based on management’s assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) inherent credit risk; (2) historical losses; and (3) other qualitative factors. These reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment described below:

Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate mortgage loans are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations.

Real Estate Construction – Real estate construction loans, including land loans, are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and time lines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.

Commercial – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss because they are shorter-term; typically made to relationship customers; generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses; and may be collateralized by fixed assets, inventory and/or accounts receivable. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans.

Agricultural Real Estate and Agricultural – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss since they are typically made to relationship customers and are secured by crop production, livestock and related real estate. These loans are vulnerable to two risk factors that are largely outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.

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Leases – Equipment leases are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss. As lessor, the Company is subject to both the credit risk of the borrower and the residual value risk of the equipment. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease.

Residential 1st Mortgages and Home Equity Lines and Loans – These loans are generally considered to possess a lower inherent risk of loss. The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

Consumer & Other – A consumer installment loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of small loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most installment loans are made for consumer purchases. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relative risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s and Bank’s regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”), the California Department of Business Oversight (“DBO”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

Acquired Loans

Loans acquired through purchase or through a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts, which reflect estimates of credit losses, expected to be incurred over the life of the loan, are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company also maintains a separate allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments. Management estimates anticipated losses using historical data and utilization assumptions. The allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments is included in Interest Payable and Other Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Premises and Equipment

Premises, equipment, and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of buildings range from 30 to 40 years, and for furniture and equipment from 3 to 7 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the terms of the respective leases, or their useful lives, which are generally 5 to 10 years. Remodeling and capital improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repairs are charged directly to occupancy expense.

Other Real Estate

Other real estate, which is included in other assets, is expected to be sold and is comprised of properties no longer utilized for business operations and property acquired through foreclosure in satisfaction of indebtedness. These properties are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs upon acquisition. Revised estimates to the fair value less cost to sell are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of the asset, provided that such adjusted value is not in excess of the carrying amount at acquisition. Initial losses on properties acquired through full or partial satisfaction of debt are treated as credit losses and charged to the allowance for credit losses at the time of acquisition. Subsequent declines in value from the recorded amounts, routine holding costs, and gains or losses upon disposition, if any, are included in non-interest expense as incurred.

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Income Taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The deferred provision for income taxes is the result of the net change in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balances during the year. This amount combined with the current taxes payable or refundable results in the income tax expense for the current year.

The Company follows the standards set forth in the “Income Taxes” topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. This standard prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

The Company accounts for leases with Investment Tax Credits (ITC) under the deferred method as established in ASC 740-10. ITC are viewed and accounted for as a reduction of the cost of the related assets and presented as deferred income on the Company’s financial statement.

The Company accounts for its interest in LIHTC using the cost method as established in ASC 323-740. As an investor, the Company obtains income tax credits and deductions from the operating losses of these tax credit entities. The income tax credits and deductions are allocated to the investors based on their ownership percentages and are recorded as a reduction of income tax expense (or an increase to income tax benefit) and a reduction of federal income taxes payable.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has no material uncertain tax positions and recognized no interest or penalties.  The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes in the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The Company’s common stock is not traded on any exchange. However, trades are reported on the OTCQX under the symbol “FMCB”. The shares are primarily held by local residents and are not actively traded. Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. There are no common stock equivalent shares. Therefore, there is no presentation of diluted basic earnings per common share. See Note 14 - “Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share” for additional information.

Segment Reporting

The “Segment Reporting” topic of the FASB ASC requires that public companies report certain information about operating segments. It also requires that public companies report certain information about their products and services, the geographic areas in which they operate, and their major customers. The Company is a holding company for a community bank, which offers a wide array of products and services to its customers. Pursuant to its banking strategy, emphasis is placed on building relationships with its customers, as opposed to building specific lines of business. As a result, the Company is not organized around discernible lines of business and prefers to work as an integrated unit to customize solutions for its customers, with business line emphasis and product offerings changing over time as needs and demands change.

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Comprehensive Income

The “Comprehensive Income” topic of the FASB ASC establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that U.S. GAAP recognize as changes in value to an enterprise but are excluded from net income. For the Company, comprehensive income includes net income and changes in fair value of its available-for-sale investment securities.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Business Combinations And Related Matters

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes 100 percent of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, regardless of the percentage owned, at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the fair value over the purchase price of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as bargain purchase gain. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the statement of operations from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion charges, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill that arises from a business combination is periodically evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, at least annually. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Core deposit intangible (“CDI”) represents the estimated future benefit of deposits related to an acquisition and is booked separately from the related deposits and evaluated periodically for impairment. The CDI asset is amortized on a straight-line method over its estimated useful life of ten years. At December 31, 2019, the future estimated amortization expense for the CDI arising from our past acquisitions is as follows:

(in thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Core Deposit Intangible Amortization	$	626	$	611	$	593	$	573	$	549	$	1,688	$	4,640

We make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit where goodwill is assigned is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying amount, no impairment is recorded. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an interim basis if circumstances change or an event occurs between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment includes adverse events or circumstances identified that could negatively affect the reporting units’ fair value as well as positive and mitigating events. Such indicators may include, among others, a significant change in legal factors or in the general business climate, significant change in our stock price and market capitalization, unanticipated competition, and an action or assessment by a regulator. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value is recognized. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

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2. Investment Securities

The amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of the securities available-for-sale are as follows:

(in thousands)

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2019	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
US Treasury Notes	$	54,745	$	250	$	-	$	54,995
US Govt SBA		10,902		9		113		10,798
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		436,531		4,646		99		441,078
Other		515		-		-		515
Total	$	502,693	$	4,905	$	212	$	507,386

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2018	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,033	$	6	$	-	$	3,039
US Treasury Notes		164,672		-		158		164,514
US Govt SBA		15,601		6		160		15,447
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		310,982		1,196		5,133		307,045
Other		5,351		-		-		5,351
Total	$	499,639	$	1,208	$	5,451	$	495,396

⁽¹⁾ All Mortgage Backed Securities were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government.

The book values, estimated fair values and unrealized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity are as follows: (in thousands)

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2019	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097
Total	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2018	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738
Total	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738

Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price or dealer quote is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

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The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables. (in thousands)

	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
December 31, 2019	Amortized Cost		Fair/Book Value		Book Value		Fair Value
Within One Year	$	40,509	$	40,510	$	2,446	$	2,446
After One Year Through Five Years		15,146		15,393		5,902		5,905
After Five Years Through Ten Years		955		955		23,980		24,689
After Ten Years		9,552		9,450		27,901		28,057
		66,162		66,308		60,229		61,097

Investment Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date:
Mortgage Backed Securities		436,531		441,078		-		-
Total	$	502,693	$	507,386	$	60,229	$	61,097

Expected maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following tables show those investments with gross unrealized losses and their market value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated. (in thousands)

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2019	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Govt SBA	$	2,693	$	6	$	5,198	$	107	$	7,891	$	113
Mortgage Backed Securities		131,005		88		713		11		131,718		99
Total	$	133,698	$	94	$	5,911	$	118	$	139,609	$	212
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12
Total	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2018	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Treasury Notes	$	124,985	$	7	$	39,529	$	151	$	164,514	$	158
US Govt SBA		3,250		28		8,618		132		11,868		160
Mortgage Backed Securities		52,289		528		207,271		4,605		259,560		5,133
Total	$	180,524	$	563	$	255,418	$	4,888	$	435,942	$	5,451
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39
Total	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39

83

As of December 31, 2019, the Company held 595 investment securities of which 29 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and 74 securities were in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. Management periodically evaluates each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment relying primarily on industry analyst reports and observations of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. Management believes it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the underlying investment securities.

Securities of Government Agency and Government Sponsored Entities – At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no securities of government agency and government sponsored entities were in a loss position.

U.S. Treasury Notes – At December 31, 2019, no U.S. Treasury Note security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and none were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in US treasury notes were $0 at December 31, 2019 and $158,000 at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

U.S. Government SBA – At December 31, 2019, 18 U.S. Government SBA security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 53 were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in U.S. Government SBA were $113,000 at December 31, 2019 and $160,000 at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Mortgage Backed Securities - At December 31, 2019, 9 mortgage backed security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 21 was in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in mortgage-backed securities were $99,000 at December 31, 2019 and $5.1 million at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. The contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - At December 31, 2019, 2 obligations of states and political subdivisions were in a loss position for less than 12 months. None were in a loss position for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2019, one-hundred percent of the Company’s bank-qualified municipal bond portfolio is rated at either the issue or the issuer level, and all of these ratings are “investment grade.” The Company monitors the status of all municipal investments in the portfolio, and at the current time does not believe any of them to be exhibiting financial problems that could result in a loss in any individual security.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in obligation of states and political subdivisions were $12,000 at December 31, 2019 and $39,000 at December 31, 2018. Management believes that any unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate fluctuations. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company would not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

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Proceeds from sales and calls of these securities were as follows:

(in thousands)	Gross Proceeds		Gross Gains		Gross Losses
2019	$	5,300	$	1	$	-
2018	$	99,323	$	78	$	1,338
2017	$	7,831	$	143	$	12

Pledged Securities

As of December 31, 2019, securities carried at $352.5 million were pledged to secure public deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings, and other government agency deposits as required by law. This amount was $268.8 million at December 31, 2018.

3. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost

The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock and other equity securities are carried at cost, classified as restricted securities, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. FHLB stock and other equity securities are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $12.7 million at December 31, 2019 and $12.6 million at December 31, 2018.

4. Loans & Leases

Loans & leases as of December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Commercial Real Estate	$	846,486	$	834,476
Agricultural Real Estate		625,767		584,625
Real Estate Construction		115,644		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		255,253		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,270		40,789
Agricultural		292,904		290,463
Commercial		384,795		343,834
Consumer & Other		15,422		19,412
Leases		104,470		106,217
Total Gross Loans & Leases		2,680,011		2,578,120
Less: Unearned Income		6,984		6,879
Subtotal		2,673,027		2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012		55,266
Loans & Leases, Net	$	2,618,015	$	2,515,975

At December 31, 2019, the portion of loans that were approved for pledging as collateral on borrowing lines with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) were $793.5 million and $696.5 million, respectively. The borrowing capacity on these loans was $668.4 million from FHLB and $441.3 million from the FRB.

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5. Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables show the allocation of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by portfolio segment and by impairment methodology (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Commercial Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction		Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural			Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases			Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2019	$	11,609		$	14,092	$	1,249	$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242		$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022		$	261		$	55,266
Charge-Offs		-			-		-		-			-			-			(592	)		(83	)		-			-			(675	)
Recoveries		-			38		-		13			28			-			90			52			-			-			221
Provision		(556	)		998		700		(38	)		(114	)		(166	)		312			(7	)		(860	)		(69	)		200
Ending Balance- December 31, 2019	$	11,053		$	15,128	$	1,949	$	855		$	2,675		$	8,076		$	11,466		$	456		$	3,162		$	192		$	55,012
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234			-		-		118			12			99			137			61			-			-			661
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		10,819			15,128		1,949		737			2,663			7,977			11,329			395			3,162			192			54,351
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	838,570		$	625,767	$	115,644	$	255,253		$	39,270		$	292,904		$	384,795		$	15,422		$	105,402		$	-		$	2,673,027
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,524			5,654		-		2,368			229			188			1,528			200			-			-			14,691
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		834,046			620,113		115,644		252,885			39,041			292,716			383,267			15,222			105,402			-			2,658,336

December 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction			Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural		Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases		Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2018	$	10,922	$	12,085	$	1,846		$	815		$	2,324		$	8,159	$	9,197		$	209		$	3,363	$	1,422		$	50,342
Charge-Offs		-		-		-			(31	)		(8	)		-		(613	)		(115	)		-		-			(767	)
Recoveries		2		-		-			15			6			61		20			54			-		-			158
Provision		685		2,007		(597	)		81			439			22		3,052			346			659		(1,161	)		5,533
Ending Balance- December 31, 2018	$	11,609	$	14,092	$	1,249		$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242	$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022	$	261		$	55,266
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234		-		-			125			15			-		185			6			-		-			565
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		11,375		14,092		1,249			755			2,746			8,242		11,471			488			4,022		261			54,701
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	826,549	$	584,625	$	98,568		$	259,736		$	40,789		$	290,463	$	343,834		$	19,412		$	107,265	$	-		$	2,571,241
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,676		7,238		-			2,491			297			-		1,639			6			-		-			16,347
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		821,873		577,387		98,568			257,245			40,492			290,463		342,195			19,406			107,265		-			2,554,894

The ending balance of loans individually evaluated for impairment includes restructured loans in the amount of $2.6 million and $2.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are no longer disclosed or classified as TDR’s.

86

The following tables show the loan & lease portfolio allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	831,941	$	6,629	$	-	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		611,792		1,136		12,839		625,767
Real Estate Construction		115,644		-		-		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		254,459		-		794		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,092		-		178		39,270
Agricultural		289,276		2,617		1,011		292,904
Commercial		380,650		3,239		906		384,795
Consumer & Other		14,934		-		488		15,422
Leases		105,402		-		-		105,402
Total	$	2,643,190	$	13,621	$	16,216	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	823,983	$	2,566	$	-	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		566,612		4,703		13,310		584,625
Real Estate Construction		98,568		-		-		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		259,208		-		528		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		40,744		-		45		40,789
Agricultural		284,561		5,433		469		290,463
Commercial		343,085		163		586		343,834
Consumer & Other		19,229		-		183		19,412
Leases		107,265		-		-		107,265
Total	$	2,543,255	$	12,865	$	15,121	$	2,571,241

See Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses for a description of the internal risk ratings used by the Company. There were no loans & leases outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 rated doubtful or loss.

87

The following tables show an aging analysis of the loan & lease portfolio by the time past due at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	838,570	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		625,767		625,767
Real Estate Construction		240		-		-		-		240		115,404		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		-		-		255,253		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		39,270		39,270
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		292,904		292,904
Commercial		77		-		-		-		77		384,718		384,795
Consumer & Other		35		-		-		-		35		15,387		15,422
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		105,402		105,402
Total	$	352	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	352	$	2,672,675	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	731	$	825,818	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		584,625		584,625
Real Estate Construction		327		-		-		-		327		98,241		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		367		-		-		-		367		259,369		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		40,789		40,789
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		290,463		290,463
Commercial		-		-		-		-		-		343,834		343,834
Consumer & Other		13		-		-		-		13		19,399		19,412
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		107,265		107,265
Total	$	707	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	1,438	$	2,569,803	$	2,571,241

There were no non-accrual loans & leases at December 31, 2019 or at December 31, 2018. There was no interest income forgone on loans & leases placed on non-accrual status for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

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The following tables show information related to impaired loans & leases at and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	86	$	86	$	-	$	90	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		5,654		5,654		-		6,069		379
Commercial		-		-		-		8		1
	$	5,740	$	5,740	$	-	$	6,167	$	388
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,822	$	2,822	$	234	$	2,853	$	94
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,562		1,770		74		1,601		73
Home Equity Lines and Loans		68		79		7		71		4
Agricultural		188		188		99		195		6
Commercial		1,528		1,528		137		1,554		53
Consumer & Other		200		200		61		54		-
	$	6,368	$	6,587	$	612	$	6,328	$	230
Total	$	12,108	$	12,327	$	612	$	12,495	$	618

December 31, 2018	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	95	$	96	$	-	$	99	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		7,239		7,238		-		3,620		119
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		226		8
	$	7,334	$	7,334	$	-	$	3,945	$	135
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,902	$	2,892	$	234	$	2,929	$	96
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,640		1,838		82		1,371		48
Home Equity Lines and Loans		74		84		4		76		4
Commercial		1,644		1,639		185		1,834		58
Consumer & Other		6		7		6		7		-
	$	6,266	$	6,460	$	511	$	6,217	$	206
Total	$	13,600	$	13,794	$	511	$	10,162	$	341

Total recorded investment shown in the prior table will not equal the total ending balance of loans & leases individually evaluated for impairment on the allocation of allowance table. This is because this table does not include impaired loans that were previously modified in a troubled debt restructuring, are currently performing and are no longer disclosed or classified as TDR’s.

At December 31, 2019, there were no formal foreclosure proceedings in process for consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties.

At December 31, 2019, the Company allocated $612,000 of specific reserves to $12.1 million of troubled debt restructured loans, all of which were performing. At December 31, 2018, the Company allocated $511,000 of specific reserves to $13.6 million of troubled debt restructured loans, all of which were performing. The Company had no commitments at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings.

89

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.

There were no modifications involving a reduction of the stated interest rate. Modifications involving an extension of the maturity date ranged from 3 months to 6 years.

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural		1	$	201	$	201
Consumer & Other		1		195		195
Total		2	$	396	$	396

The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for credit losses by $101,000. There were no charge-offs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no payment defaults on loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification. The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is greater than 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.

Modifications involving a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan were for 5 years. Modifications involving an extension of the maturity date were for 10 years.

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural Real Estate		1	$	7,239	$	7,239
Residential 1st Mortgages		2		286		255
Total		3	$	7,525	$	7,494

The troubled debt restructurings described above had minimal impact on the allowance for credit losses and resulted in charge-offs of $31,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no payment defaults on loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification. The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is greater than 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

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6. Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment as of December 31^st, consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Land and Buildings	$	53,997	$	39,329
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment		21,058		21,136
Leasehold Improvement		3,745		3,606
Subtotal		78,800		64,071
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization		33,529		31,448
Total	$	45,271	$	32,623

Depreciation and amortization on premises and equipment included in occupancy and equipment expense amounted to $2,756,000, $2,421,000, and $2,186,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rental income was $183,000, $173,000, and $169,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

7. Other Real Estate

The Bank reported $873,000 in other real estate at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018. Other real estate includes property no longer utilized for business operations and property acquired through foreclosure proceedings. These properties are carried at fair value less selling costs determined at the date acquired. Losses, if any, arising from properties acquired through foreclosure are charged against the allowance for loan losses at the time of foreclosure. Subsequent declines in value, periodic holding costs, and net gains or losses on disposition are included in other operating expense as incurred. Other real estate is reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

8. Time Deposits

Time Deposits of $250,000 or more as of December 31 were as follows:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Balance	$	257,392	$	219,022

At December 31, 2019, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows:

(in thousands)	Scheduled Maturities
2020	$	462,263
2021		46,150
2022		6,839
2023		1,676
2024		994
Total	$	517,922

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9. Income Taxes

Current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) provided for the years ended December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current
Federal	$	14,798		$	2,517		$	9,460
State		7,733			6,224			4,046
Total Current		22,531			8,741			13,506
Deferred
Federal		(3,500	)		5,622			11,154
State		246			(160	)		1,451
Total Deferred		(3,254	)		5,462			12,605
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277		$	14,203		$	26,111

The total provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

	2019						2018						2017
(in thousands)	Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate
Tax  Provision at Federal Statutory Rate	$	15,816			21.0	%	$	12,543			21.0	%	$	19,068			35.0	%
Interest on Obligations of States and Political
Subdivisions exempt from Federal Taxation		(358	)		(0.5	%)		(338	)		(0.6	%)		(617	)		(1.1	%)
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income
Tax Benefit		6,304			8.4	%		4,791			7.9	%		3,573			6.5	%
Bank Owned Life Insurance		(460	)		(0.6	%)		(434	)		(0.7	%)		(696	)		(1.3	%)
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit		(2,078	)		(2.8	%)		(1,624	)		(2.7	%)		(1,546	)		(2.8	%)
Out of Period Adjustment		-			0.0	%		(802	)		(1.3	%)		-			0.0	%
Deferred Tax Asset Remeasurement		-			0.0	%		-			0.0	%		6,256			11.5	%
Other, Net		53			0.1	%		67			0.1	%		73			0.1	%
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277			25.6	%	$	14,203			23.8	%	$	26,111			47.9	%

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The components of net deferred tax assets as of December 31 are as follows: The net deferred tax assets are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(in thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred Tax  Assets
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	15,925		$	15,877
Accrued Liabilities		8,452			7,444
Deferred Compensation		14,200			11,207
State Franchise Tax		1,624			1,307
Tax Credit Carry Forward		1,266			-
Lease Liability		1,487			-
Acquired Net Operating Loss		673			715
Fair Value Adjustment on Loans Acquired		286			300
Fair Value Adjustment on ORE Acquired		108			108
Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale		-			1,800
Low-Income Housing Investment		286			412
Other		2			7
Total Deferred Tax Assets	$	44,309		$	39,177
Deferred Tax  Liabilities
Premises and Equipment		(1,974	)		(2,226	)
Securities Accretion		(370	)		(229	)
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale		(935	)		-
Leasing Activities		(19,226	)		(17,215	)
Core Deposit Intangible Asset		(1,372	)		(1,560	)
ROU Lease Asset		(1,471	)		-
Prepaid		(66	)		(116	)
Other		(898	)		(1,000	)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities		(26,312	)		(22,346	)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	17,997		$	16,831

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which lowers the Company’s previous 35% federal corporate tax rate to 21%, was signed into law by President Trump on December 22, 2017. In accordance with the ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, companies must recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. As a result, the Company was required to re-measure its deferred tax assets (DTA) and deferred tax liabilities (DTL) at the new tax rate of 21%. This onetime re-measurement resulted in a $6.3 million increase in the Company’s income tax provision in 2017. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods during which the deferred tax assets are expected to be deductible, Management believes it is more likely than not we will realize the benefit of the remaining deferred tax assets. The net deferred tax assets are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal and California jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by the tax authorities for the years before 2015.

10. Short Term Borrowings

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had unused lines of credit available for short-term liquidity purposes of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. Federal Funds purchased and advances are generally issued on an overnight basis. There were no advances from the FHLB at December 31, 2019 or 2018. There were no Federal Funds purchased or advances from the FRB at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

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11. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

The Company had no short-term or long-term advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

In accordance with the Collateral Pledge and Security Agreement, advances are secured by all FHLB stock held by the Company. At December 31, 2019, $793.5 million in loans were approved for pledging as collateral on borrowing lines with the FHLB. The borrowing capacity on these loans was $668.4 million.

12. Long-term Subordinated Debentures

In December 2003, the Company formed a wholly owned Connecticut statutory business trust, FMCB Statutory Trust I (“Statutory Trust I”), which issued $10.0 million of guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in the Company’s junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the “Trust Preferred Securities”). The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trust (variable interest entity), therefore the trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability. These debentures qualify as Tier 1 capital under current regulatory guidelines. All of the common securities of Statutory Trust I are owned by the Company. The proceeds from the issuance of the common securities and the Trust Preferred Securities were used by FMCB Statutory Trust to purchase $10.3 million of junior subordinated debentures of the Company, which carry a floating rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 2.85%. The debentures represent the sole asset of Statutory Trust I. The Trust Preferred Securities accrue and pay distributions at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.85% per annum of the stated liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security. The Company has entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment to the extent that Statutory Trust I has funds available therefore of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Preferred Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Preferred Securities called for redemption by Statutory Trust I; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up, or liquidation of Statutory Trust I. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the subordinated debentures on December 17, 2033, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the subordinated debentures purchased by Statutory Trust I, in whole or in part, on or after December 17, 2008. As specified in the indenture, if the subordinated debentures are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest. Additionally, if the Company decided to defer interest on the subordinated debentures, the Company would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on the Company’s common stock.

13. Shareholders’ Equity

In 1998, the Board approved the Company’s first common stock repurchase program. This program has been extended and expanded several times since then, and most recently, on November 6, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an extension of the $20 million stock repurchase program to December 31, 2021.

Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time on the open market or through private transactions. The repurchase program also requires that no repurchases may be made if the Bank would not remain “well-capitalized” after the repurchase. There were no stock repurchases made in 2019 or 2018 under the Common Stock Repurchase Plan. However, in the third quarter of 2018 the Company did repurchase $31.2 million of shares, at $700 per share, in a single transaction from the estate of a large shareholder.

Dividends from the Bank constitute the principal source of cash to the Company. The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank. Under regulations controlling California state chartered banks, the Bank is, to some extent, limited in the amount of dividends that can be paid to the Company without prior approval of the California DBO. These regulations require approval if total dividends declared by a state chartered bank in any calendar year exceed the bank’s net profits for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years.

During 2019, the Company issued a combined total 9,312 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $715.00 to $770.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

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During 2018, the Company issued a combined total 13,520 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. There were also 2,400 shares issued to individuals during 2018. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $635.00 to $690.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various federal regulatory capital requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The implementation of Basel III requirements increased the required capital levels that the Company and the Bank must maintain. The final rules included new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which were phased in over time. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank under the final rules are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets (“RWA”); (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% of RWA; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of RWA; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above each of the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, which resulted in the following minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0% of RWA; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% of RWA; and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5% of RWA. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. The final rules also permit the Company’s subordinated debentures issued in 2003 to continue to be counted as Tier 1 capital.

The final rules became effective as applied to the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, with a phase in period through January 1, 2019. The Company believes that it is currently in compliance with all of these capital requirements and that they will not result in any restrictions on the Company’s business activity.

In addition, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2019	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	399,230		12.33	%	$	259,012		8.00	%	$	323,765		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	400,258		12.36	%	$	259,028		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	145,694		4.50	%	$	210,447		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	349,601		10.80	%	$	145,703		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	194,259		6.00	%	$	259,012		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	359,601		11.11	%	$	194,271		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	358,576		9.89	%	$	145,079		3.00	%	$	181,349		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	359,601		9.90	%	$	145,255		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

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(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,763		11.39	%	$	243,455		8.00	%	$	304,319		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,845		11.40	%	$	243,459		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	136,944		4.50	%	$	197,807		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	298,588		9.81	%	$	136,945		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	182,591		6.00	%	$	243,455		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,588		10.14	%	$	182,594		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	308,507		9.15	%	$	134,822		3.00	%	$	168,527		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	308,588		9.08	%	$	135,949		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

14. Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share

Total cash dividends during 2019 were $11,221,000 or $14.20 per share of common stock, an increase of 2.2% per share from $11,151,000 or $13.90 per share in 2018. In 2017, cash dividends totaled $10,982,000 or $13.55 per share.

Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company has no securities or other contracts, such as stock options, that could require the issuance of common stock.  Accordingly, diluted earnings per share are not presented. The following table calculates the basic earnings per common share for the periods indicated.

(net income in thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net Income	$	56,036	$	45,527	$	28,370
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding		787,227		801,229		809,834
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	71.18	$	56.82	$	35.03

15. Employee Benefit Plans

Profit Sharing Plan

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors a Profit Sharing Plan for substantially all full-time employees of the Company with one or more years of service. Participants receive up to two annual employer contributions, one is discretionary and the other is mandatory. The discretionary contributions to the Profit Sharing Plan are determined annually by the Board of Directors. The discretionary contributions totaled $1.4 million, $1.2 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The mandatory contributions to the Profit Sharing Plan are made according to a predetermined set of criteria. Mandatory contributions totaled $1.6 million, $1.4 million, and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Company employees are permitted, within limitations imposed by tax law, to make pretax contributions and after tax (Roth) contributions to the 401(k) feature of the Profit Sharing Plan. The Company does not match employee contributions within the 401(k) feature of the Profit Sharing Plan and the Company can terminate the Profit Sharing Plan at any time. Benefits pursuant to the Profit Sharing Plan vest 0% during the first year of participation, 25% per full year thereafter and after five years such benefits are fully vested.

Executive Retirement Plan and Life Insurance Arrangements

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors an Executive Retirement Plan for certain executive level employees. The Executive Retirement Plan is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan and was developed to supplement the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan, which, as a qualified retirement plan, has a ceiling on benefits as set by the Internal Revenue Service. The Plan is comprised of: (1) a Performance Component which makes contributions based upon long-term cumulative profitability and increase in market value of the Company; (2) a Salary Component which makes contributions based upon participant salary levels; and (3) an Equity Component for which contributions are discretionary and subject to Board of Directors approval. Executive Retirement Plan contributions are invested in a mix of financial instruments; however, the Equity Component contributions are invested primarily in stock of the Company.

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The Company expensed $6.6 million to the Executive Retirement Plan during the year ended December 31, 2019, $6.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 and $4.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s total accrued liability under the Executive Retirement Plan was $58.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and $48.5 million as of December 31, 2018. All amounts have been fully funded into a Rabbi Trust as of December 31, 2019. The investments held in the Rabbi Trust are recorded at fair value with changes in unrealized gains or losses recorded within non-interest income and the equal and offsetting charges in the related liability are recorded in non-interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $2.6 million in 2019 compared to net gains of $1.1 million in 2018. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices.

The Company has purchased single premium life insurance policies on the lives of certain key employees of the Company. These policies provide: (1) financial protection to the Company in the event of the death of a key employee; and (2) significant income to the Company to offset the expense associated with the Executive Retirement Plan and other employee benefit plans, since the interest earned on the cash surrender value of the policies is tax exempt as long as the policies are used to finance employee benefits. As compensation to each employee for agreeing to allow the Company to purchase an insurance policy on his or her life, split dollar agreements have been entered into with those employees. These agreements provide for a division of the life insurance death proceeds between the Company and each employee’s designated beneficiary or beneficiaries.

The Company earned tax-exempt interest on the life insurance policies of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the total cash surrender value of the insurance policies was $67.1 million and $65.1 million, respectively.

Senior Management Retention Plan

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors a Senior Management Retention Plan (“SMRP”) for certain senior level employees. The SMRP is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan and was developed to supplement the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan, which, as a qualified retirement plan, has a ceiling on benefits as set by the Internal Revenue Service. All contributions are discretionary and subject to the Board of Directors approval. Contributions are invested primarily in stock of the Company. The Company expensed $1.3 million to the SMRP during the year ended December 31, 2019, $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 and $765,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s total accrued liability under the SMRP was $8.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and $5.7 million as of December 31, 2018. All amounts have been fully funded into a Rabbi Trust as of December 31, 2019.

16. Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” topic of the FASB ASC, which establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This standard applies whenever other standards require, or permit, assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. In this standard, the FASB clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, this standard establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

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Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.

Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

The Company does not record all loans & leases at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan or lease is considered impaired and an allowance for credit losses is established. Once a loan or lease is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with the “Receivable” topic of the FASB ASC. The fair value of impaired loans or leases is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value when the loan is collateral dependent, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, and discounted cash flows. Impaired loans & leases not requiring an allowance represent loans & leases for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans & leases. Impaired loans & leases where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take in to account differences between the comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 nonrecurring impaired loans is primarily the sales comparison approach less selling costs of 10%.

Other Real Estate (“ORE”) is reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair values are based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may use a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take in to account differences between the comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 nonrecurring ORE is primarily the sales comparison approach less selling costs of 10%.

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The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
US Treasury Notes	$	54,995	$	54,995	$	-	$	-
US Govt SBA		10,798		-		10,798		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		441,078		-		441,078		-
Other		515		205		310		-
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	507,386	$	55,200	$	452,186	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,039	$	-	$	3,039	$	-
US Treasury Notes		164,514		164,514		-		-
US Govt SBA		15,447		-		15,447		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		307,045		-		307,045		-
Other		5,351		202		310		4,839
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	495,396	$	164,716	$	325,841	$	4,839

Fair values for Level 2 available-for-sale investment securities are based on quoted market prices for similar securities. During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no transfers in or out of level 1, 2, or 3.

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The following tables present information about the Company’s impaired loans & leases and other real estate, classes of assets or liabilities that the Company carries at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated. Not all impaired loans & leases are carried at fair value. Impaired loans & leases are only included in the following tables when their fair value is based upon an appraisal of the collateral, and if that appraisal results in a partial charge-off or the establishment of a specific reserve.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	$	-	$	-	$	2,588
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,403		-		-		1,403
Home Equity Lines and Loans		142		-		-		142
Agricultural		88		-		-		88
Commercial		1,391		-		-		1,391
Consumer		139		-		-		139
Total Impaired Loans		5,751		-		-		5,751
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,624	$	-	$	-	$	6,624

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	$	-	$	-	$	2,658
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,550		-		-		1,550
Home Equity Lines and Loans		70		-		-		70
Commercial		1,454		-		-		1,454
Total Impaired Loans		5,732		-		-		5,732
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,605	$	-	$	-	$	6,605

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The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and the income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,403	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	0.8% - 6.4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	142	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 1.3	%
Agricultural	$	88	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	4.3	%
Commercial	$	1,391	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Consumer	$	139	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	40.6	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

December 31, 2018 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.25	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,550	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	70	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 2	%
Commercial	$	1,454	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	2.95% - 8.70%, 3.40	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

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17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate that value. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, will likely reduce the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. In some cases, book value is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short period of time between origination of the instrument and its expected realization. The valuation of loans held for investment was impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-01. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the fair value of loans held for investment, excluding previously presented impaired loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and nonperformance risk of the loans. Loans are considered a Level 3 classification.

The following tables summarize the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments for the periods indicated:

			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	294,758	$	294,758	$	-	$	-	$	294,758
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		507,386		55,200		452,186		-		507,386
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		60,229		-		31,253		29,844		61,097
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,618,015		-		-		2,584,805		2,584,805
Accrued Interest Receivable		16,733		-		16,733		-		16,733
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,278,019		2,760,097		517,172		-		3,277,269
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,325		-		7,325
Accrued Interest Payable		2,795		-		2,795		-		2,795

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			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2018  (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	145,564	$	145,564	$	-	$	-	$	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		495,396		164,716		325,841		4,839		495,396
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		53,566		-		35,083		18,655		53,738
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,515,975		-		-		2,485,182		2,485,182
Accrued Interest Receivable		14,098		-		14,098		-		14,098
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,062,832		2,572,805		485,766		-		3,058,571
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,745		-		7,745
Accrued Interest Payable		1,365		-		1,365		-		1,365

18. Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into financial instruments with off balance sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These instruments include commitments to extend credit, letters of credit, and other types of financial guarantees. The Company had the following off balance sheet commitments as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commitments to Extend Credit	$	919,982	$	828,539
Letters of Credit		20,346		19,108
Performance Guarantees Under Interest Rate Swap Contracts Entered Into Between Our Borrowing Customers and Third Parties		1,513		-

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party with regard to standby letters of credit, undisbursed loan commitments, and financial guarantees is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for recorded balance sheet items. The Company may or may not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. Evaluations of each customer’s creditworthiness are performed on a case-by-case basis.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of or payment for a customer to a third party. Outstanding standby letters of credit have maturity dates ranging from 1 to 25 months with final expiration in January 2022. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company becomes involved in litigation arising out of its normal business activities. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from the disposition of such claims would not be material in relation to the financial position of the Company.

The Company may be required to maintain average reserves on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank primarily based on deposits outstanding. Reserve requirements are offset by the Company’s vault cash and deposit balances maintained with the Federal Reserve Bank.

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19. Leases

Lessee – Operating Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” for all open leases with a term greater than one year as of the adoption date, using the modified retrospective approach. Prior comparable periods are presented in accordance with previous guidance under Accounting Standards Codification ASC 840.

Operating leases in which we are the lessee are recorded as operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities, included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. We do not currently have any significant finance leases in which we are the lessee.

Operating lease ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. ROU assets are further adjusted for lease incentives. Operating lease expense, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is recorded net in occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Our leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches with remaining lease terms of generally 1 to 10 years. Certain lease arrangements contain extension options which typically range from 5 to 10 years at the then fair market rental rates. ASC 842 requires lessees to evaluate whether option periods, if available, will be exercised in order to determine the full life of the lease. The Company used the first option period, unless it is a relatively new lease that has a long initial lease term or other extenuating circumstances.

As of December 31, 2019, operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were $4.98 million and $5.03 million, respectively. Operating lease expenses that were in scope of ASU 2016-02 totaled $836,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The table below summarizes the information related to our operating leases:

(in thousands except for percent and period data)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities
Operating Cash Flow from Operating Leases	$	783
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities	$	5,645
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases, in Years		7.88
Weighted-Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases		3.2	%

The table below summarizes the maturity of remaining lease liability:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019
2020		795
2021		719
2022		686
2023		697
2024		707
2025 and thereafter		2,105
Total Lease Payments		5,709
Less: Interest		(679	)
Present Value of Lease Liabilities	$	5,030

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As of December 31, 2019, we have no additional operating leases for office space that have not yet commenced or that are anticipated to commence during the first quarter of 2020.

Lessor - Direct Financing Leases

The Company is the lessor in direct finance lease arrangements. Leases are recorded at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income and charge-offs.  Interest income is recognized using the interest method. Leases typically have a maturity of three to ten years, and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease. The impact of adopting Topic 842 for lessor accounting was not significant.

Lease payments due to the Company are typically fixed and paid in equal installments over the lease term. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate (e.g., property taxes) that are paid directly by the Company are minimal. The majority of property taxes are paid directly by the client to a third party and are not considered part of variable payments and therefore are not recorded by the Company.

As a lessor, the Company leases certain types of agriculture equipment, solar equipment, construction equipment and other equipment to its customers. The Company’s net investment in direct financing leases was $105.4 million at December 31, 2019 and $107.3 million at December 31, 2018.

20. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of recently adopted accounting standards that may have had a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

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Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Most notably, the ASU changes the income statement impact of equity investments held by the Company and the requirement for the Company to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The Company adopted the ASU provisions on January 1, 2018. The adoption of the ASU resulted in the use of an exit price rather than an entrance price to determine the fair value of loans not measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 17 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further information regarding the valuation of these loans.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The amount of the reclassification consists of the difference between the historical corporate income tax rates and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate federal income tax rate. The amendments are effective for all entities for the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted, including interim periods in those years. The Company adopted the amendments as of December 31, 2017, which resulted in a net reclassification of $144,000 between AOCI and retained earnings.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2019

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of newly issued but not yet effective accounting standards that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU will require the earlier recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments based on an expected loss model, replacing the incurred loss model that is currently in use. Under the new guidance, an entity will measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The expected loss model will apply to loans and leases, unfunded lending commitments, held-to-maturity debt securities and other debt instruments measured at amortized cost. The impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities will require the recognition of credit losses through a valuation allowance when fair value is less than amortized cost, regardless of whether the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. The new guidance is effective on January 1, 2020. During 2109 Company completed an assessment of its CECL data and system needs, and engaged a third-party vendor to assist in developing a CECL model. The Company, in conjunction with this vendor, researched and analyzed modeling standards, loan segmentation, as well as potential external inputs to supplement our historical loss history. Model validation began in the third quarter, enabling us to complete a parallel run using second, third and fourth quarter 2019 data. The ultimate impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2020 will depend on the characteristics of the Company’s portfolios, macroeconomic conditions and forecasts, the ultimate validation of models and methodologies, and other management judgments.

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21. Parent Company Financial Information

The following financial information is presented as of December 31 for the periods indicated.

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,341	$	335
Investment in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California		378,271		321,134
Investment Securities		411		409
Other Assets		102		(57	)
Total Assets	$	380,125	$	321,821
Subordinated Debentures	$	10,310	$	10,310
Liabilities		519		296
Shareholders’ Equity		369,296		311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	380,125	$	321,821

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Statements of Income

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Equity (Loss) in Undistributed Earnings in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California	$	44,571		$	(26,488	)	$	5,575
Dividends from Subsidiary		13,166			73,010			23,575
Interest Income		17			16			13
Other Expenses, Net		(2,416	)		(1,527	)		(1,552	)
Tax Benefit		698			516			759
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370

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Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
(Equity) Loss in Undistributed Net Earnings from Subsidiary		(44,571	)		26,488			(5,575	)
Net (Increase) in Other Assets		(160	)		(125	)		(11,822	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Liabilities		222			(942	)		112
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		11,527			70,948			11,085
Investing Activities:
Securities Sold or Matured		-			-			1
Payments for Business Acquisition		-			(28,642	)		-
Payments for Investments in Subsidiaries		(6,273	)		(10,503	)		(2,953	)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities		(6,273	)		(39,145	)		(2,952	)
Financing Activities:
Stock Repurchased		-			(31,152	)		-
Issuance of Common Stock		6,973			10,503			2,953
Cash Dividends		(11,221	)		(11,151	)		(10,982	)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities		(4,248	)		(31,800	)		(8,029	)
Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		1,006			3			104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year		335			332			228
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$	1,341		$	335		$	332

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22. Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data

The following tables set forth certain unaudited historical quarterly financial data for each of the eight consecutive quarters in 2019 and 2018. This information is derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements that include, in management’s opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation when read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

2019 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	37,173	$	38,626	$	38,810	$	39,099	$	153,708
Total Interest Expense		2,966		3,253		3,530		3,445		13,194
Net Interest Income		34,207		35,373		35,280		35,654		140,514
Provision for Credit Losses		-		200		-		-		200
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		34,207		35,173		35,280		35,654		140,314
Total Non-Interest Income		4,464		4,400		3,974		4,403		17,241
Total Non-Interest Expense		20,445		20,565		20,856		20,376		82,242
Income Before Income Taxes		18,226		19,008		18,398		19,681		75,313
Provision for Income Taxes		4,677		4,903		4,660		5,037		19,277
Net Income	$	13,549	$	14,105	$	13,738	$	14,644	$	56,036
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	17.27	$	17.92	$	17.45	$	18.54	$	71.18

2018 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	30,428	$	32,161	$	34,065	$	36,799	$	133,453
Total Interest Expense		1,522		1,660		2,157		2,611		7,950
Net Interest Income		28,906		30,501		31,908		34,188		125,503
Provision for Credit Losses		333		500		2,500		2,200		5,533
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		28,573		30,001		29,408		31,988		119,970
Total Non-Interest Income		4,665		2,283		4,208		4,063		15,219
Total Non-Interest Expense		19,936		18,145		18,621		18,757		75,459
Income Before Income Taxes		13,302		14,139		14,995		17,294		59,730
Provision for Income Taxes		3,361		3,589		2,995		4,258		14,203
Net Income	$	9,941	$	10,550	$	12,000	$	13,036	$	45,527
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	12.24	$	12.90	$	15.12	$	16.56	$	56.82

23. Subsequent Events

On January 10, 2020, the Company issued 523 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans at a price of $770 per share based upon a valuation completed by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds will be contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains controls and procedures designed to ensure that all relevant information is recorded and reported in all filings of financial reports. Such information is reported to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer to allow timely and accurate disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e). In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation as of December 31, 2019, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2019.

There have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect the internal controls subsequent to the date the Company completed its evaluation.

Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Moss Adams LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, was engaged to audit the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The report of Moss Adams LLP, which is set forth in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9B. Other Information

None

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Set forth below is certain information regarding the Executive Officers of the Company and/or Bank:

Name and Position(s)	Age	Principal Occupation during the Past Five Years
Kent A. Steinwert Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Bank	67	Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Bank.
Deborah E. Skinner Executive Vice President & Chief Administrative Officer of the Bank	57	Executive Vice President & Chief Administrative Officer of the Bank.
Stephen W. Haley Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer & Secretary of the Company and Bank	66	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Bank.
Kenneth W. Smith Executive Vice President & Senior Credit Officer of the Company and Bank	60	Executive Vice President & Senior Credit Officer of the Company and Bank.
David M. Zitterow Executive Vice President, Wholesale Banking Division of the Bank	47	Executive Vice President, Wholesale Banking Division of the Bank since May 2017. Senior Vice President – Northern California Regional Executive – Umpqua Bank, April 2014 – May 2017.
Jay J. Colombini Executive Vice President, Wholesale Banking Division of the Bank	57	Executive Vice President, Wholesale Banking Division of the Bank.
Ryan J. Misasi Executive Vice President, Retail Banking Division of the Bank	43	Executive Vice President, Retail Banking Division of the Bank.

Also, see “Election of Directors” and “Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be filed with the SEC and which is incorporated herein by reference. During 2019, there were no changes in procedures for the election of directors.

The Company has adopted a Code of Conduct, which complies with the Code of Ethics requirements of the SEC. A copy of the Code of Conduct is posted on the Company’s website. The Company intends to disclose promptly any amendment to, or waiver from any provision of, the Code of Conduct applicable to senior financial officers, and any waiver from any provision of the Code of Conduct applicable to directors, on its website on the About Us page. The Company’s website address is www.fmbonline.com. This website address is for information only and is not intended to be an active link, or to incorporate any website information into this document.

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Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A. The Company does not have any equity compensation plans, which require disclosure under Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) (1) Financial Statements. Incorporated herein by reference, are listed in Item 8 hereof.

(2) Financial Statement Schedules. Not applicable.

(3) Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Amended Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Proposal #2 in the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Appendices 1 and 2 to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and Exhibit 3(i) to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 1999).
3.2	Amended By-Laws (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 4, 2016, the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 19, 2008, Appendix 3 to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 7, 2005, and Exhibit 3(ii) to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 1999).
3.3	Certificate of Designation for the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (included as Exhibit A to the Rights Agreement between Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and Registrar and Transfer Company, dated as of August 5, 2008, filed as Exhibit 4.1 below), filed on the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference.
4.1	Rights Agreement between Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and Registrar and Transfer Company, dated as of August 5, 2008, including Form of Right Certificate attached thereto as Exhibit B, filed on the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008,  is incorporated herein by reference.
4.2	Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement between Farmers & Merchants Bancorp and Computershare Trust, N.A., as Rights Agent, dated as of February 18, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-A/A filed on February 19, 2016.
4.3	Description of F&M Bancorp Capital Stock, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
10.1	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Kent A. Steinwert, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.3	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Deborah E. Skinner, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.4	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Kenneth W. Smith, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.6	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Stephen W. Haley, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.8	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Jay J. Colombini, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.10	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective August 1, 2019, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and Ryan J. Misasi, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, is incorporated herein by reference.

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10.11	Employment Agreement effective May 1, 2017, between Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California and David M. Zitterow, filed on the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 30, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.15	Executive Retirement Plan – Performance Componentas amended on November 5, 2010, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.16	Executive Retirement Plan – Retention Component as amended on November 5, 2010, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.17	Executive Retirement Plan – Salary Component, amended and restated on November 29, 2014, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.19	Executive Retirement Plan – Equity Component, amended and restated on November 29, 2014, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference.
10.20	Senior Management Retention Plan, amended and restated on November 29, 2014, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference.
14	Code of Conduct of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, is incorporated herein by reference.
21	Subsidiaries of the Registrant, filed on Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, is incorporated herein by reference.
31(a)	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
31(b)	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

*Filed herewith

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None

114

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		Farmers & Merchants Bancorp
		(Registrant)
	By	/s/ Stephen W. Haley
Dated:  March 13, 2020		Stephen W. Haley
		Executive Vice President &
		Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 13, 2020.

/s/ Kent A. Steinwert	Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer
Kent A. Steinwert	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Stephen W. Haley	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Stephen W. Haley	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ Gary Long	/s/ Calvin Suess
Gary Long, Director	Calvin Suess, Director

/s/ Kevin Sanguinetti	/s/ Edward Corum, Jr.
Kevin Sanguinetti, Director	Edward Corum, Jr., Director

/s/ Stephenson K. Green	/s/ Terrence A. Young
Stephenson K. Green, Director	Terrence A. Young, Director

115

EX-4.3

Exhibit 4.3

Description of F&M Bancorp Capital Stock

The following summary of the current terms of the capital stock of F&M Bancorp is not meant to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL, federal law, the F&M Bancorp certificate of incorporation, and the F&M Bancorp bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) and are also available upon request from F&M Bancorp.

Common Stock

The F&M Bancorp certificate of incorporation authorizes 20,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Each holder of F&M Bancorp common stock is entitled to:

• one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders;

• receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the F&M Bancorp board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends, subject to preferences that may be applicable to outstanding shares of preferred stock, if any, or limitations and restrictions under applicable bank holding company regulations; and

• share ratably in F&M Bancorp’s net assets, legally available to holders of F&M Bancorp common stock in the event of F&M Bancorp’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to any holders of shares of preferred stock and to creditors (unless provision for such payment has been made).

Holders of F&M Bancorp common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights and have no subscription, redemption or conversion privileges.

The outstanding shares of F&M Bancorp common stock are validly issued, fully‑paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

The F&M Bancorp certificate of incorporation authorizes 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Under the F&M Bancorp certificate of incorporation, F&M Bancorp may issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series, as may be determined by the F&M Bancorp board of directors. The F&M Bancorp board of directors may also establish, from time to time, the number of shares to be included in each series and may fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, and may increase or decrease the number of shares of any series without any further vote or action by the shareholders. Any preferred stock that F&M Bancorp may issue will rank senior to F&M Bancorp common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or amounts paid upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of F&M Bancorp, or both. In addition, any shares of F&M Bancorp preferred stock may have class or series voting rights. Under certain circumstances, the issuance of shares of F&M Bancorp preferred stock, or merely the existing authorization of the F&M Bancorp board of directors to issue shares of F&M Bancorp preferred stock, may tend to discourage or impede a merger or other change in control of F&M Bancorp.  Each series of preferred stock, to the extent issued, will be issued under a separate certificate of designations.

Anti‑takeover Provisions

Delaware Anti‑Takeover Law

As a Delaware corporation, F&M Bancorp is subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which generally prevents an interested shareholder, defined generally as a person owning 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock, from engaging in a business combination with F&M Bancorp for three years following the date that person became an interested shareholder, unless certain specified conditions are satisfied. The existence of this provision may have an anti‑takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the F&M Bancorp board of directors, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of F&M Bancorp common stock held by shareholders.

Possible Future Issuance of Preferred Stock

The F&M Bancorp board of directors can at any time issue one or more new series of preferred stock pursuant to the F&M Bancorp certificate of incorporation and without shareholder approval. In some cases, the issuance of preferred stock could discourage or make more difficult attempts to take control of F&M Bancorp through a merger, tender offer, proxy context or otherwise. Shares of F&M Bancorp preferred stock with special voting rights or other features issued to persons favoring F&M Bancorp’s management could stop a takeover by preventing the person trying to take control of F&M Bancorp from acquiring enough voting shares to take control.

Removal and Vacancies on the Board of Directors

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of F&M Bancorp preferred stock then outstanding, directors may be removed by F&M Bancorp’s shareholders, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of all of the then‑outstanding shares of capital stock of F&M Bancorp entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Further, any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies on the board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, removal or other cause may be filled only by a majority vote of the directors then in office, whether or not a quorum is present. These provisions may deter a shareholder from removing incumbent directors and from simultaneously gaining control of the board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. Consequently, the existence of these provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers, which could depress the market price of F&M Bancorp common stock.

Advance Notice Requirements for Director Nominations

The F&M Bancorp bylaws provides that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be timely, a shareholder’s nomination must be received at F&M Bancorp’s principal executive offices not less than 30 days or more than 60 days prior to any meeting of stockholders.  These provisions may impede shareholders’ ability to make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals

The Commission’s regulations provide that shareholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, in order to bring an item of business before an annual meeting, the proposal must be received at the F&M Bancorp’s principal executive offices not less one hundred twenty (120) days before the date of the company’s proxy statement released to shareholders in connection with the previous year’s annual meeting. These provisions may impede shareholders’ ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.

 Shareholder Rights Plan

On August 5, 2008, the board of directors of F&M Bancorp approved a Share Purchase Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”), pursuant to which F&M Bancorp entered into a Rights Agreement, dated August 5, 2008, with Registrar and Transfer Company, as Rights Agent, and the F&M Bancorp declared a dividend of a right to acquire one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of the F&M Bancorp’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 15, 2008. Generally, the Rights are only triggered and become exercisable if a person or group (the “Acquiring Person”) acquires beneficial ownership of 10 percent or more of the F&M Bancorp’s common stock or announces a tender offer for 10 percent or more of the F&M Bancorp’s common stock.  Shareholders of Delta Bancorp who receive shares of F&M Bancorp common stock in the merger will also receive one such Right for each share of F&M Bancorp common stock so obtained.

The effect of the Rights Plan is to discourage any potential acquirer from triggering the Rights without first convincing F&M Bancorp’s board of directors that the proposed acquisition is fair to, and in the best interest of, all of the shareholders of the F&M Bancorp. The provisions of the Plan will substantially dilute the equity and voting interest of any potential acquirer unless the board of directors approves of the proposed acquisition. Each Right, if and when exercisable, will entitle the registered holder to purchase from the F&M Bancorp one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, no par value, at a purchase price of $1,200 for each one one-hundredth of a share, subject to adjustment. Each holder of a Right (except for the Acquiring Person, whose Rights will be null and void upon such event) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, that number of Common Shares of the F&M Bancorp having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. At any time before a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Rights can be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, by F&M Bancorp’s board of directors at a price of $0.001 per Right.

On February 18, 2016, the F&M Bancorp entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Rights Agreement, by and between F&M Bancorp and Computershare Trust, N.A., a federally chartered, limited purpose trust (as successor to Registrar and Transfer Company), as the duly appointed rights agent.

The Amendment extends the expiration date of F&M Bancorp’s Rights from the close of business on August 5, 2018, to the close of business on August 5, 2025.  At the time of the termination of the Rights Agreement, all of the Rights distributed to holders of the F&M Bancorp’s preferred shares pursuant to the Rights Agreement will expire.

The Amendment also increases the purchase price per unit under the Rights Agreement from $1,200 per one one-hundredth of a share of F&M Bancorp’s preferred shares, to $1,600 per one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share.

The Amendment also modifies the definition of “Beneficial Ownership” under the Rights Agreement to include certain derivative interests, by deleting Section 1(d)(i) of the Rights Agreement in its entirety and substituting in lieu thereof the following:

“(i) which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, or has the right to become the beneficial owner (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or the occurrence of conditions) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing (other than customary agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise;”

The foregoing is a summary of the terms of the Rights Plan.  The summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Plan, as amended.

Restrictions on Ownership

The Bank Holding Company Act generally prohibits any company that is not engaged in banking activities and activities that are permissible for a bank holding company or a financial holding company from acquiring control of a bank holding company, such as F&M Bancorp. “Control” is generally defined as ownership of 25% or more of the voting stock or other exercise of a controlling influence. Any existing bank holding company would need the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before acquiring 5% or more of the voting stock of F&M Bancorp. In addition, the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978, as amended, prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring control of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, such as F&M Bancorp, could constitute acquisition of control of the bank holding company.

EX-31.(A)

Exhibit 31(a)

Certification Pursuant to Section 302

Of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

For the Chief Executive Officer

I, Kent A. Steinwert, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures  and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	/s/ Kent A. Steinwert
Date:  March 13, 2020
	Kent A. Steinwert
	Chairman, President
	& Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.(B)

Exhibit 31(b)

Certification Pursuant to Section 302

Of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

For the Chief Financial Officer

I, Stephen W. Haley, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual  report on Form 10-K of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures  and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	/s/ Stephen W. Haley
Date: March 13, 2020
	Stephen W. Haley
	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Farmers & Merchants Bancorp (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Kent A. Steinwert, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Stephen W. Haley, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) under the Securities Exchange act of 1934 and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. $ 1350), that:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. $ 78m or 78o(d)); and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

March 13, 2020

/s/ Kent A. Steinwert

Kent A. Steinwert

Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Stephen W. Haley

Stephen W. Haley

Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp (the “Company”) was organized March 10, 1999. Primary operations are related to traditional banking activities through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California (the “Bank”) which was established in 1916. The Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries include Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation has been dormant since 1991. Farmers/Merchants Corp. acts as trustee on deeds of trust originated by the Bank.

The Company’s other wholly owned subsidiaries include F & M Bancorp, Inc. and FMCB Statutory Trust I. F & M Bancorp, Inc. was created in March 2002 to protect the name F & M Bank. During 2002, the Company completed a fictitious name filing in California to begin using the streamlined name “F & M Bank” as part of a larger effort to enhance the Company’s image and build brand name recognition. In December 2003, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, FMCB Statutory Trust I, for the sole purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities and related subordinated debentures, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). FMCB Statutory Trust I is a non-consolidated subsidiary.

On October 10, 2018, Farmers & Merchants Bancorp completed the acquisition of the Bank of Rio Vista, headquartered in Rio Vista, California, a locally owned and operated community bank established in 1904. As of the acquisition date, Bank of Rio Vista had approximately $217.5 million in assets and three branch locations in the communities of Rio Vista, Walnut Grove, and Lodi. Since the Company had a 39.65% interest in Bank of Rio Vista prior to the acquisition of the remaining interest, the transaction was accounted for as a business combination achieved in stages or a step acquisition. The Company, through an independent valuation, remeasured its previously held equity interest in Bank of Rio Vista at fair value, which resulted in a gain for the excess of the acquisition-date fair value over its carrying value of $997,000 which is included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. At the effective time of the acquisition, Bank of Rio Vista was merged into Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to U.S. GAAP and prevailing practice within the banking industry. The following is a summary of the significant accounting and reporting policies used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for financial information.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, F & M Bancorp, Inc. and the Bank, along with the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain amounts in the prior years’ financial statements and related footnote disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or total shareholders’ equity.

New Accounting Changes

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

Out of Period Adjustment

During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, while preparing 2017 tax returns, the Company identified certain items related to IRS Code Section 162(m) that were not appropriately reflected in the 2014 through 2017 Provision for Income Taxes. To reflect this change, the cumulative impact of $990,000 was recognized by reducing the Company’s Provision for Income Taxes in the third quarter of 2018.  After evaluating the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the adjustment, the Company concluded that its 2017 financial statements were not materially misstated and, therefore, no restatement was required.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The Company elected to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption however, periods prior to the date of adoption will not be retrospectively revised, as the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption was not material.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is limited judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company has defined cash and cash equivalents as those amounts included in the balance sheet captions Cash and Due from Banks, Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks and Federal Funds Sold, which have original maturity dates of 3 months or less. For these instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified at the time of purchase as held-to-maturity (“HTM”) if it is management’s intent and the Company has the ability to hold the securities until maturity. These securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount using a level yield of interest over the estimated remaining period until maturity. Losses, reflecting a decline in value judged by the Company to be other than temporary, are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Securities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) if it is management’s intent, at the time of purchase, to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time and/or to use the securities as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy. These securities are reported at fair value with aggregate unrealized gains or losses excluded from income and included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of related income taxes. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or broker/dealer price quotations on a specific identification basis. Gains or losses on the sale of these securities are computed using the specific identification method.

Trading securities, if any, are acquired for short-term appreciation and are recorded in a trading portfolio and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in non-interest income.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement; and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

For equity securities, the entire amount of a market adjustment is recognized through earnings.

Loans & Leases

Loans & leases are reported at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned discounts and deferred loan & lease fees and costs. Interest income on loans & leases is accrued daily on the outstanding balances using the simple interest method. Loan & lease origination fees are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan or lease as an adjustment to the yield. Loans & leases are placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when they become past due for 90 days or more unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. For this purpose, a loan or lease is considered well-secured if it is collateralized by property having a net realizable value in excess of the amount of the loan or lease or is guaranteed by a financially capable party. When a loan or lease is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and charged against current income; thereafter, interest income is recognized only as it is collected in cash. Additionally, cash would be applied to principal if all principal was not expected to be collected. Loans & leases placed on non-accrual status are returned to accrual status when the loans or leases are paid current as to principal and interest and future payments are expected to be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan or lease.

A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Impaired loans & leases are either: (1) non-accrual loans & leases; or (2) restructured loans & leases that are still accruing interest. Loans or leases determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan or lease is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan or lease’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan or lease’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent. A loan or lease is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan or lease is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.

A restructuring of a loan or lease constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s (the term “borrower” is used herein to describe a customer who has entered into either a loan or lease transaction) financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans & leases typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. If the restructured loan or lease was current on all payments at the time of restructure and management reasonably expects the borrower will continue to perform after the restructure, management may keep the loan or lease on accrual. Loans & leases that are on nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR, remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. A loan or lease can be removed from TDR status if it was restructured at a market rate in a prior calendar year and is currently in compliance with its modified terms. However, these loans or leases continue to be classified as impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment as described above.

Generally, the Company will not restructure loans or leases for borrowers unless: (1) the existing loan or lease is brought current as to principal and interest payments; and (2) the restructured loan or lease can be underwritten to reasonable underwriting standards. If these standards are not met other actions will be pursued (e.g., foreclosure) to collect outstanding loan or lease amounts. After restructure, a determination is made whether the loan or lease will be kept on accrual status based upon the underwriting and historical performance of the restructured credit.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Company’s loan & lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan & lease growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of three primary components: specific reserves related to impaired loans & leases; general reserves for inherent losses related to loans & leases that are not impaired; and an unallocated component that takes into account the imprecision in estimating and allocating allowance balances associated with macro factors.

The determination of the general reserve for loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment is based on estimates made by management, to include, but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment, internal asset classifications, qualitative factors that include economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan & lease portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment (loan & lease type). These portfolio segments include: (1) commercial real estate; (2) agricultural real estate; (3) real estate construction (including land and development loans); (4) residential 1^st mortgages; (5) home equity lines and loans; (6) agricultural; (7) commercial; (8) consumer and other; and (9) equipment leases. The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both individually evaluated impaired loans & leases and loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, which is included on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans & leases and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans & leases over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and assess overall collectability. For smaller balance loans & leases, such as consumer and residential real estate, a credit grade is established at inception, and then updated only when the loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent or when the borrower requests a modification. For larger balance loans, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans & leases. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan or lease. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company. The risk ratings can be grouped into five major categories, defined as follows:

Pass – A pass loan or lease is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Special Mention – A special mention loan or lease has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans & leases are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard loan or lease is not adequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans or leases classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well-defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations.They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful –Loans or leases classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss – Loans or leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible. Once a loan or lease becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, the Company will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Company will estimate its probable loss and immediately charge-off some or all of the balance.

The general reserve component of the allowance for credit losses also consists of reserve factors that are based on management’s assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) inherent credit risk; (2) historical losses; and (3) other qualitative factors. These reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment described below:

Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate mortgage loans are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations.

Real Estate Construction – Real estate construction loans, including land loans, are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and time lines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.

Commercial – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss because they are shorter-term; typically made to relationship customers; generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses; and may be collateralized by fixed assets, inventory and/or accounts receivable. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans.

Agricultural Real Estate and Agricultural – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss since they are typically made to relationship customers and are secured by crop production, livestock and related real estate. These loans are vulnerable to two risk factors that are largely outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.

Leases – Equipment leases are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss. As lessor, the Company is subject to both the credit risk of the borrower and the residual value risk of the equipment. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease.

Residential 1st Mortgages and Home Equity Lines and Loans – These loans are generally considered to possess a lower inherent risk of loss. The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

Consumer & Other – A consumer installment loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of small loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most installment loans are made for consumer purchases. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relative risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s and Bank’s regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”), the California Department of Business Oversight (“DBO”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

Acquired Loans

Loans acquired through purchase or through a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts, which reflect estimates of credit losses, expected to be incurred over the life of the loan, are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company also maintains a separate allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments. Management estimates anticipated losses using historical data and utilization assumptions. The allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments is included in Interest Payable and Other Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Premises and Equipment

Premises, equipment, and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of buildings range from 30 to 40 years, and for furniture and equipment from 3 to 7 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the terms of the respective leases, or their useful lives, which are generally 5 to 10 years. Remodeling and capital improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repairs are charged directly to occupancy expense.

Other Real Estate

Other real estate, which is included in other assets, is expected to be sold and is comprised of properties no longer utilized for business operations and property acquired through foreclosure in satisfaction of indebtedness. These properties are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs upon acquisition. Revised estimates to the fair value less cost to sell are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of the asset, provided that such adjusted value is not in excess of the carrying amount at acquisition. Initial losses on properties acquired through full or partial satisfaction of debt are treated as credit losses and charged to the allowance for credit losses at the time of acquisition. Subsequent declines in value from the recorded amounts, routine holding costs, and gains or losses upon disposition, if any, are included in non-interest expense as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The deferred provision for income taxes is the result of the net change in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balances during the year. This amount combined with the current taxes payable or refundable results in the income tax expense for the current year.

The Company follows the standards set forth in the “Income Taxes” topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. This standard prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

The Company accounts for leases with Investment Tax Credits (ITC) under the deferred method as established in ASC 740-10. ITC are viewed and accounted for as a reduction of the cost of the related assets and presented as deferred income on the Company’s financial statement.

The Company accounts for its interest in LIHTC using the cost method as established in ASC 323-740. As an investor, the Company obtains income tax credits and deductions from the operating losses of these tax credit entities. The income tax credits and deductions are allocated to the investors based on their ownership percentages and are recorded as a reduction of income tax expense (or an increase to income tax benefit) and a reduction of federal income taxes payable.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has no material uncertain tax positions and recognized no interest or penalties.  The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes in the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The Company’s common stock is not traded on any exchange. However, trades are reported on the OTCQX under the symbol “FMCB”. The shares are primarily held by local residents and are not actively traded. Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. There are no common stock equivalent shares. Therefore, there is no presentation of diluted basic earnings per common share. See Note 14 - “Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share” for additional information.

Segment Reporting

The “Segment Reporting” topic of the FASB ASC requires that public companies report certain information about operating segments. It also requires that public companies report certain information about their products and services, the geographic areas in which they operate, and their major customers. The Company is a holding company for a community bank, which offers a wide array of products and services to its customers. Pursuant to its banking strategy, emphasis is placed on building relationships with its customers, as opposed to building specific lines of business. As a result, the Company is not organized around discernible lines of business and prefers to work as an integrated unit to customize solutions for its customers, with business line emphasis and product offerings changing over time as needs and demands change.

Comprehensive Income

The “Comprehensive Income” topic of the FASB ASC establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that U.S. GAAP recognize as changes in value to an enterprise but are excluded from net income. For the Company, comprehensive income includes net income and changes in fair value of its available-for-sale investment securities.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Business Combinations And Related Matters

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes 100 percent of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, regardless of the percentage owned, at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the fair value over the purchase price of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as bargain purchase gain. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the statement of operations from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion charges, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill that arises from a business combination is periodically evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, at least annually. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Core deposit intangible (“CDI”) represents the estimated future benefit of deposits related to an acquisition and is booked separately from the related deposits and evaluated periodically for impairment. The CDI asset is amortized on a straight-line method over its estimated useful life of ten years. At December 31, 2019, the future estimated amortization expense for the CDI arising from our past acquisitions is as follows:

(in thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Core Deposit Intangible Amortization	$	626	$	611	$	593	$	573	$	549	$	1,688	$	4,640

We make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit where goodwill is assigned is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying amount, no impairment is recorded. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an interim basis if circumstances change or an event occurs between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment includes adverse events or circumstances identified that could negatively affect the reporting units’ fair value as well as positive and mitigating events. Such indicators may include, among others, a significant change in legal factors or in the general business climate, significant change in our stock price and market capitalization, unanticipated competition, and an action or assessment by a regulator. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value is recognized. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

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Time Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Time Deposits $250,000 or more [Abstract]
Balance	$ 257,392	$ 219,022
Maturities of Time Deposits [Abstract]
2020	462,263
2021	46,150
2022	6,839
2023	1,676
2024	994
Total	$ 517,922	$ 490,027

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Employee Benefit Plans (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Contribution	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Executive Retirement Plan, Life Insurance Arrangements and Senior Management Retention Plan [Abstract]
Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments	$ 2,625	$ 1,088	$ 2,563
Tax-exempt interest earned on the life insurance policies	2,031	1,900	1,822
Executive Officers [Member]
Executive Retirement Plan, Life Insurance Arrangements and Senior Management Retention Plan [Abstract]
Employer contribution	6,600	6,200	4,300
Total accrued liability	58,600	48,500
Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments	2,600	1,100
Tax-exempt interest earned on the life insurance policies	2,000	1,900	1,800
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	67,100	65,100
Senior Level Employees [Member] | Senior Management Retention Plan [Member]
Executive Retirement Plan, Life Insurance Arrangements and Senior Management Retention Plan [Abstract]
Employer contribution	1,300	1,500	765
Total accrued liability	$ 8,100	5,700
Profit Sharing Plan [Member]
Profit Sharing Plan [Abstract]
us-gaap_PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember	us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanTypeExtensibleList
Minimum requisite service period	1 year
Number of annual employer contribution | Contribution	2
Employer discretionary contribution amount	$ 1,400	1,200	1,000
Employer mandatory contributions amount	$ 1,600	$ 1,400	$ 1,200
Annual vesting percentage, first year	0.00%
Annual vesting percentage, full year thereafter	25.00%
Benefit vesting period	5 years

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Other Comprehensive Loss
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities	8,936	(4,343)	(1,011)
Deferred Tax Benefit Related to Unrealized (Gain) Losses	(2,642)	1,284	281
Reclassification Adjustment for Realized (Gain) Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities Included in Net Income	(1)	1,260	(131)
Tax (Benefit) Expense Related to Reclassification Adjustment	0	(372)	55
Change in Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities, Net of Tax	6,293	(2,171)	(806)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6,293	(2,171)	(806)
Comprehensive Income	$ 62,329	$ 43,356	$ 27,564

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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 29, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	FARMERS & MERCHANTS BANCORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001085913
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 625,909,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		793,556
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Address, State or Province	CA

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Fair Value Measurements, Quantitative Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Level 3 [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Income Approach [Member] | Capitalization Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0330	0.0325
Level 3 [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0080	0.01
Level 3 [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0640	0.04
Level 3 [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0300	0.03
Level 3 [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0100	0.01
Level 3 [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0200	0.02
Level 3 [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0130	0.02
Level 3 [Member] | Agricultural [Member] | Income Approach [Member] | Capitalization Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0430
Level 3 [Member] | Commercial [Member] | Income Approach [Member] | Capitalization Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input		0.0295
Level 3 [Member] | Commercial [Member] | Income Approach [Member] | Capitalization Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input		0.0870
Level 3 [Member] | Commercial [Member] | Income Approach [Member] | Capitalization Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.0330	0.0340
Level 3 [Member] | Consumer [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.4060
Level 3 [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member] | Sales Comparison Approach [Member] | Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Other Real Estate Owned, Measurement Input	0.1000	0.1
Nonrecurring [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	$ 5,751	$ 5,732
Other Real Estate	873	873
Nonrecurring [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	2,588	2,658
Nonrecurring [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,403	1,550
Nonrecurring [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	142	70
Nonrecurring [Member] | Agricultural [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	88
Nonrecurring [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,391	1,454
Nonrecurring [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	139
Nonrecurring [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	873	873
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	5,751	5,732
Other Real Estate	873	873
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	2,588	2,658
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,403	1,550
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	142	70
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Agricultural [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	88
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,391	1,454
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	139
Nonrecurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member]
Quantitative Information [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	$ 873	$ 873

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Short Term Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Short Term Borrowings [Abstract]
Unused lines of credit	$ 1,300	$ 1,200
Advances from FHLB	0	0
Federal Funds purchased or advances from FRB	$ 0	$ 0

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Investment Securities, Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Within one year	$ 40,509
After one year through five years	15,146
After five years through ten years	955
After ten years	9,552
Amortized cost, excluding securities without single maturity date	66,162
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date, mortgage-backed securities	436,531
Amortized cost	502,693	$ 499,639
Fair Value [Abstract]
Within one year	40,510
After one year through five years	15,393
After five years through ten years	955
After ten years	9,450
Fair value, excluding investment securities not due at a single maturity date	66,308
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date, mortgage-backed securities	441,078
Fair/Book value	507,386	495,396
Book Value [Abstract]
Within one year	2,446
After one year through five years	5,902
After five years through ten years	23,980
After ten years	27,901
Book value, excluding securities without single maturity date	60,229
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date, mortgage-backed securities	0
Book value	60,229	53,566
Fair Value [Abstract]
Within one year	2,446
After one year through five years	5,905
After five years through ten years	24,689
After ten years	28,057
Fair/Book value, excluding securities without single maturity date	61,097
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date, mortgage-backed securities	0
Fair value	$ 61,097	$ 53,738

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Significant Accounting Policies, Income Taxes (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Income Tax Penalties and Interest Expense [Abstract]
Interest	$ 0
Penalties	$ 0

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Significant Accounting Policies, Out of Period Adjustment (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Out of Period Adjustment [Member]
Out of Period Adjustment [Abstract]
Cumulative impact of out of period adjustment on provision for income taxes	$ (990)

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Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data [Abstract]

Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data

22. Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data

The following tables set forth certain unaudited historical quarterly financial data for each of the eight consecutive quarters in 2019 and 2018. This information is derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements that include, in management’s opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation when read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

2019 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	37,173	$	38,626	$	38,810	$	39,099	$	153,708
Total Interest Expense		2,966		3,253		3,530		3,445		13,194
Net Interest Income		34,207		35,373		35,280		35,654		140,514
Provision for Credit Losses		-		200		-		-		200
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		34,207		35,173		35,280		35,654		140,314
Total Non-Interest Income		4,464		4,400		3,974		4,403		17,241
Total Non-Interest Expense		20,445		20,565		20,856		20,376		82,242
Income Before Income Taxes		18,226		19,008		18,398		19,681		75,313
Provision for Income Taxes		4,677		4,903		4,660		5,037		19,277
Net Income	$	13,549	$	14,105	$	13,738	$	14,644	$	56,036
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	17.27	$	17.92	$	17.45	$	18.54	$	71.18

2018 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	30,428	$	32,161	$	34,065	$	36,799	$	133,453
Total Interest Expense		1,522		1,660		2,157		2,611		7,950
Net Interest Income		28,906		30,501		31,908		34,188		125,503
Provision for Credit Losses		333		500		2,500		2,200		5,533
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		28,573		30,001		29,408		31,988		119,970
Total Non-Interest Income		4,665		2,283		4,208		4,063		15,219
Total Non-Interest Expense		19,936		18,145		18,621		18,757		75,459
Income Before Income Taxes		13,302		14,139		14,995		17,294		59,730
Provision for Income Taxes		3,361		3,589		2,995		4,258		14,203
Net Income	$	9,941	$	10,550	$	12,000	$	13,036	$	45,527
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	12.24	$	12.90	$	15.12	$	16.56	$	56.82

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Future Estimated Amortization Expense for CDI

At December 31, 2019, the future estimated amortization expense for the CDI arising from our past acquisitions is as follows:

(in thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Core Deposit Intangible Amortization	$	626	$	611	$	593	$	573	$	549	$	1,688	$	4,640

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Premises and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Premises and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment as of December 31^st, consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Land and Buildings	$	53,997	$	39,329
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment		21,058		21,136
Leasehold Improvement		3,745		3,606
Subtotal		78,800		64,071
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization		33,529		31,448
Total	$	45,271	$	32,623

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

Current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) provided for the years ended December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current
Federal	$	14,798		$	2,517		$	9,460
State		7,733			6,224			4,046
Total Current		22,531			8,741			13,506
Deferred
Federal		(3,500	)		5,622			11,154
State		246			(160	)		1,451
Total Deferred		(3,254	)		5,462			12,605
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277		$	14,203		$	26,111

The total provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

	2019						2018						2017
(in thousands)	Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate
Tax  Provision at Federal Statutory Rate	$	15,816			21.0	%	$	12,543			21.0	%	$	19,068			35.0	%
Interest on Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions exempt from Federal Taxation		(358	)		(0.5	%)		(338	)		(0.6	%)		(617	)		(1.1	%)
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Benefit		6,304			8.4	%		4,791			7.9	%		3,573			6.5	%
Bank Owned Life Insurance		(460	)		(0.6	%)		(434	)		(0.7	%)		(696	)		(1.3	%)
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit		(2,078	)		(2.8	%)		(1,624	)		(2.7	%)		(1,546	)		(2.8	%)
Out of Period Adjustment		-			0.0	%		(802	)		(1.3	%)		-			0.0	%
Deferred Tax Asset Remeasurement		-			0.0	%		-			0.0	%		6,256			11.5	%
Other, Net		53			0.1	%		67			0.1	%		73			0.1	%
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277			25.6	%	$	14,203			23.8	%	$	26,111			47.9	%

The components of net deferred tax assets as of December 31 are as follows: The net deferred tax assets are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(in thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred Tax  Assets
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	15,925		$	15,877
Accrued Liabilities		8,452			7,444
Deferred Compensation		14,200			11,207
State Franchise Tax		1,624			1,307
Tax Credit Carry Forward		1,266			-
Lease Liability		1,487			-
Acquired Net Operating Loss		673			715
Fair Value Adjustment on Loans Acquired		286			300
Fair Value Adjustment on ORE Acquired		108			108
Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale		-			1,800
Low-Income Housing Investment		286			412
Other		2			7
Total Deferred Tax Assets	$	44,309		$	39,177
Deferred Tax  Liabilities
Premises and Equipment		(1,974	)		(2,226	)
Securities Accretion		(370	)		(229	)
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale		(935	)		-
Leasing Activities		(19,226	)		(17,215	)
Core Deposit Intangible Asset		(1,372	)		(1,560	)
ROU Lease Asset		(1,471	)		-
Prepaid		(66	)		(116	)
Other		(898	)		(1,000	)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities		(26,312	)		(22,346	)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	17,997		$	16,831

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which lowers the Company’s previous 35% federal corporate tax rate to 21%, was signed into law by President Trump on December 22, 2017. In accordance with the ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, companies must recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. As a result, the Company was required to re-measure its deferred tax assets (DTA) and deferred tax liabilities (DTL) at the new tax rate of 21%. This onetime re-measurement resulted in a $6.3 million increase in the Company’s income tax provision in 2017. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods during which the deferred tax assets are expected to be deductible, Management believes it is more likely than not we will realize the benefit of the remaining deferred tax assets. The net deferred tax assets are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal and California jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by the tax authorities for the years before 2015.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Allowance for Credit Losses [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses

5. Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables show the allocation of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by portfolio segment and by impairment methodology (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Commercial Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction		Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural			Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases			Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2019	$	11,609		$	14,092	$	1,249	$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242		$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022		$	261		$	55,266
Charge-Offs		-			-		-		-			-			-			(592	)		(83	)		-			-			(675	)
Recoveries		-			38		-		13			28			-			90			52			-			-			221
Provision		(556	)		998		700		(38	)		(114	)		(166	)		312			(7	)		(860	)		(69	)		200
Ending Balance- December 31, 2019	$	11,053		$	15,128	$	1,949	$	855		$	2,675		$	8,076		$	11,466		$	456		$	3,162		$	192		$	55,012
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234			-		-		118			12			99			137			61			-			-			661
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		10,819			15,128		1,949		737			2,663			7,977			11,329			395			3,162			192			54,351
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	838,570		$	625,767	$	115,644	$	255,253		$	39,270		$	292,904		$	384,795		$	15,422		$	105,402		$	-		$	2,673,027
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,524			5,654		-		2,368			229			188			1,528			200			-			-			14,691
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		834,046			620,113		115,644		252,885			39,041			292,716			383,267			15,222			105,402			-			2,658,336

December 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction			Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural		Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases		Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2018	$	10,922	$	12,085	$	1,846		$	815		$	2,324		$	8,159	$	9,197		$	209		$	3,363	$	1,422		$	50,342
Charge-Offs		-		-		-			(31	)		(8	)		-		(613	)		(115	)		-		-			(767	)
Recoveries		2		-		-			15			6			61		20			54			-		-			158
Provision		685		2,007		(597	)		81			439			22		3,052			346			659		(1,161	)		5,533
Ending Balance- December 31, 2018	$	11,609	$	14,092	$	1,249		$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242	$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022	$	261		$	55,266
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234		-		-			125			15			-		185			6			-		-			565
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		11,375		14,092		1,249			755			2,746			8,242		11,471			488			4,022		261			54,701
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	826,549	$	584,625	$	98,568		$	259,736		$	40,789		$	290,463	$	343,834		$	19,412		$	107,265	$	-		$	2,571,241
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,676		7,238		-			2,491			297			-		1,639			6			-		-			16,347
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		821,873		577,387		98,568			257,245			40,492			290,463		342,195			19,406			107,265		-			2,554,894

The ending balance of loans individually evaluated for impairment includes restructured loans in the amount of $2.6 million and $2.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are no longer disclosed or classified as TDR’s.

The following tables show the loan & lease portfolio allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	831,941	$	6,629	$	-	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		611,792		1,136		12,839		625,767
Real Estate Construction		115,644		-		-		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		254,459		-		794		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,092		-		178		39,270
Agricultural		289,276		2,617		1,011		292,904
Commercial		380,650		3,239		906		384,795
Consumer & Other		14,934		-		488		15,422
Leases		105,402		-		-		105,402
Total	$	2,643,190	$	13,621	$	16,216	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	823,983	$	2,566	$	-	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		566,612		4,703		13,310		584,625
Real Estate Construction		98,568		-		-		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		259,208		-		528		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		40,744		-		45		40,789
Agricultural		284,561		5,433		469		290,463
Commercial		343,085		163		586		343,834
Consumer & Other		19,229		-		183		19,412
Leases		107,265		-		-		107,265
Total	$	2,543,255	$	12,865	$	15,121	$	2,571,241

See Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses for a description of the internal risk ratings used by the Company. There were no loans & leases outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 rated doubtful or loss.

The following tables show an aging analysis of the loan & lease portfolio by the time past due at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	838,570	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		625,767		625,767
Real Estate Construction		240		-		-		-		240		115,404		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		-		-		255,253		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		39,270		39,270
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		292,904		292,904
Commercial		77		-		-		-		77		384,718		384,795
Consumer & Other		35		-		-		-		35		15,387		15,422
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		105,402		105,402
Total	$	352	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	352	$	2,672,675	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	731	$	825,818	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		584,625		584,625
Real Estate Construction		327		-		-		-		327		98,241		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		367		-		-		-		367		259,369		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		40,789		40,789
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		290,463		290,463
Commercial		-		-		-		-		-		343,834		343,834
Consumer & Other		13		-		-		-		13		19,399		19,412
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		107,265		107,265
Total	$	707	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	1,438	$	2,569,803	$	2,571,241

There were no non-accrual loans & leases at December 31, 2019 or at December 31, 2018. There was no interest income forgone on loans & leases placed on non-accrual status for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

The following tables show information related to impaired loans & leases at and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	86	$	86	$	-	$	90	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		5,654		5,654		-		6,069		379
Commercial		-		-		-		8		1
	$	5,740	$	5,740	$	-	$	6,167	$	388
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,822	$	2,822	$	234	$	2,853	$	94
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,562		1,770		74		1,601		73
Home Equity Lines and Loans		68		79		7		71		4
Agricultural		188		188		99		195		6
Commercial		1,528		1,528		137		1,554		53
Consumer & Other		200		200		61		54		-
	$	6,368	$	6,587	$	612	$	6,328	$	230
Total	$	12,108	$	12,327	$	612	$	12,495	$	618

December 31, 2018	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	95	$	96	$	-	$	99	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		7,239		7,238		-		3,620		119
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		226		8
	$	7,334	$	7,334	$	-	$	3,945	$	135
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,902	$	2,892	$	234	$	2,929	$	96
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,640		1,838		82		1,371		48
Home Equity Lines and Loans		74		84		4		76		4
Commercial		1,644		1,639		185		1,834		58
Consumer & Other		6		7		6		7		-
	$	6,266	$	6,460	$	511	$	6,217	$	206
Total	$	13,600	$	13,794	$	511	$	10,162	$	341

Total recorded investment shown in the prior table will not equal the total ending balance of loans & leases individually evaluated for impairment on the allocation of allowance table. This is because this table does not include impaired loans that were previously modified in a troubled debt restructuring, are currently performing and are no longer disclosed or classified as TDR’s.

At December 31, 2019, there were no formal foreclosure proceedings in process for consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties.

At December 31, 2019, the Company allocated $612,000 of specific reserves to $12.1 million of troubled debt restructured loans, all of which were performing. At December 31, 2018, the Company allocated $511,000 of specific reserves to $13.6 million of troubled debt restructured loans, all of which were performing. The Company had no commitments at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.

There were no modifications involving a reduction of the stated interest rate. Modifications involving an extension of the maturity date ranged from 3 months to 6 years.

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural		1	$	201	$	201
Consumer & Other		1		195		195
Total		2	$	396	$	396

The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for credit losses by $101,000. There were no charge-offs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no payment defaults on loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification. The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is greater than 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.

Modifications involving a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan were for 5 years. Modifications involving an extension of the maturity date were for 10 years.

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural Real Estate		1	$	7,239	$	7,239
Residential 1st Mortgages		2		286		255
Total		3	$	7,525	$	7,494

The troubled debt restructurings described above had minimal impact on the allowance for credit losses and resulted in charge-offs of $31,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no payment defaults on loans modified as troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification. The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is greater than 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

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Parent Company Financial Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Parent Company Financial Information [Abstract]

Parent Company Financial Information

21. Parent Company Financial Information

The following financial information is presented as of December 31 for the periods indicated.

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,341	$	335
Investment in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California		378,271		321,134
Investment Securities		411		409
Other Assets		102		(57	)
Total Assets	$	380,125	$	321,821
Subordinated Debentures	$	10,310	$	10,310
Liabilities		519		296
Shareholders’ Equity		369,296		311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	380,125	$	321,821

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Statements of Income

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Equity (Loss) in Undistributed Earnings in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California	$	44,571		$	(26,488	)	$	5,575
Dividends from Subsidiary		13,166			73,010			23,575
Interest Income		17			16			13
Other Expenses, Net		(2,416	)		(1,527	)		(1,552	)
Tax Benefit		698			516			759
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
(Equity) Loss in Undistributed Net Earnings from Subsidiary		(44,571	)		26,488			(5,575	)
Net (Increase) in Other Assets		(160	)		(125	)		(11,822	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Liabilities		222			(942	)		112
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		11,527			70,948			11,085
Investing Activities:
Securities Sold or Matured		-			-			1
Payments for Business Acquisition		-			(28,642	)		-
Payments for Investments in Subsidiaries		(6,273	)		(10,503	)		(2,953	)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities		(6,273	)		(39,145	)		(2,952	)
Financing Activities:
Stock Repurchased		-			(31,152	)		-
Issuance of Common Stock		6,973			10,503			2,953
Cash Dividends		(11,221	)		(11,151	)		(10,982	)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities		(4,248	)		(31,800	)		(8,029	)
Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		1,006			3			104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year		335			332			228
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$	1,341		$	335		$	332

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate that value. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, will likely reduce the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. In some cases, book value is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short period of time between origination of the instrument and its expected realization. The valuation of loans held for investment was impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-01. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the fair value of loans held for investment, excluding previously presented impaired loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and nonperformance risk of the loans. Loans are considered a Level 3 classification.

The following tables summarize the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments for the periods indicated:

			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	294,758	$	294,758	$	-	$	-	$	294,758
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		507,386		55,200		452,186		-		507,386
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		60,229		-		31,253		29,844		61,097
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,618,015		-		-		2,584,805		2,584,805
Accrued Interest Receivable		16,733		-		16,733		-		16,733
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,278,019		2,760,097		517,172		-		3,277,269
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,325		-		7,325
Accrued Interest Payable		2,795		-		2,795		-		2,795

			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2018  (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	145,564	$	145,564	$	-	$	-	$	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		495,396		164,716		325,841		4,839		495,396
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		53,566		-		35,083		18,655		53,738
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,515,975		-		-		2,485,182		2,485,182
Accrued Interest Receivable		14,098		-		14,098		-		14,098
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,062,832		2,572,805		485,766		-		3,058,571
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,745		-		7,745
Accrued Interest Payable		1,365		-		1,365		-		1,365

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Shareholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Shareholders' Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

13. Shareholders’ Equity

In 1998, the Board approved the Company’s first common stock repurchase program. This program has been extended and expanded several times since then, and most recently, on November 6, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an extension of the $20 million stock repurchase program to December 31, 2021.

Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time on the open market or through private transactions. The repurchase program also requires that no repurchases may be made if the Bank would not remain “well-capitalized” after the repurchase. There were no stock repurchases made in 2019 or 2018 under the Common Stock Repurchase Plan. However, in the third quarter of 2018 the Company did repurchase $31.2 million of shares, at $700 per share, in a single transaction from the estate of a large shareholder.

Dividends from the Bank constitute the principal source of cash to the Company. The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank. Under regulations controlling California state chartered banks, the Bank is, to some extent, limited in the amount of dividends that can be paid to the Company without prior approval of the California DBO. These regulations require approval if total dividends declared by a state chartered bank in any calendar year exceed the bank’s net profits for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years.

During 2019, the Company issued a combined total 9,312 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $715.00 to $770.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

During 2018, the Company issued a combined total 13,520 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans. There were also 2,400 shares issued to individuals during 2018. All of the shares were issued at prices ranging from $635.00 to $690.00 per share based upon valuations completed during the quarter of issuance by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds were contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various federal regulatory capital requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The implementation of Basel III requirements increased the required capital levels that the Company and the Bank must maintain. The final rules included new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which were phased in over time. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank under the final rules are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets (“RWA”); (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% of RWA; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of RWA; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above each of the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, which resulted in the following minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0% of RWA; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% of RWA; and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5% of RWA. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. The final rules also permit the Company’s subordinated debentures issued in 2003 to continue to be counted as Tier 1 capital.

The final rules became effective as applied to the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, with a phase in period through January 1, 2019. The Company believes that it is currently in compliance with all of these capital requirements and that they will not result in any restrictions on the Company’s business activity.

In addition, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2019	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	399,230		12.33	%	$	259,012		8.00	%	$	323,765		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	400,258		12.36	%	$	259,028		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	145,694		4.50	%	$	210,447		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	349,601		10.80	%	$	145,703		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	194,259		6.00	%	$	259,012		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	359,601		11.11	%	$	194,271		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	358,576		9.89	%	$	145,079		3.00	%	$	181,349		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	359,601		9.90	%	$	145,255		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,763		11.39	%	$	243,455		8.00	%	$	304,319		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,845		11.40	%	$	243,459		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	136,944		4.50	%	$	197,807		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	298,588		9.81	%	$	136,945		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	182,591		6.00	%	$	243,455		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,588		10.14	%	$	182,594		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	308,507		9.15	%	$	134,822		3.00	%	$	168,527		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	308,588		9.08	%	$	135,949		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

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Allowance for Credit Losses, Aging Analysis of Loan Portfolio by the Time Past Due (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	$ 0	$ 0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	352	1,438
Current	2,672,675	2,569,803
Total Loans & Leases	2,673,027	2,571,241
Interest income forgone on nonaccrual loans	0	0	$ 0
30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	352	707
60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	731
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	731
Current	838,570	825,818
Total Loans & Leases	838,570	826,549
Commercial Real Estate [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Commercial Real Estate [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	731
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	0
Current	625,767	584,625
Total Loans & Leases	625,767	584,625
Agricultural Real Estate [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Agricultural Real Estate [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Real Estate Construction [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	240	327
Current	115,404	98,241
Total Loans & Leases	115,644	98,568
Real Estate Construction [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	240	327
Real Estate Construction [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	367
Current	255,253	259,369
Total Loans & Leases	255,253	259,736
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	367
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	0
Current	39,270	40,789
Total Loans & Leases	39,270	40,789
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Agricultural [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	0
Current	292,904	290,463
Total Loans & Leases	292,904	290,463
Agricultural [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Agricultural [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Commercial [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	77	0
Current	384,718	343,834
Total Loans & Leases	384,795	343,834
Commercial [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	77	0
Commercial [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Consumer & Other [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	35	13
Current	15,387	19,399
Total Loans & Leases	15,422	19,412
Consumer & Other [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	35	13
Consumer & Other [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Leases [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
90 Days and Still Accruing	0	0
Nonaccrual	0	0
Total Past Due	0	0
Current	105,402	107,265
Total Loans & Leases	105,402	107,265
Leases [Member] | 30-59 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	0	0
Leases [Member] | 60-89 Days Past Due [Member]
Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due [Abstract]
Total Past Due	$ 0	$ 0

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Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data [Abstract]
Total Interest Income	$ 39,099	$ 38,810	$ 38,626	$ 37,173	$ 36,799	$ 34,065	$ 32,161	$ 30,428	$ 153,708	$ 133,453	$ 114,612
Total Interest Expense	3,445	3,530	3,253	2,966	2,611	2,157	1,660	1,522	13,194	7,950	6,289
Net Interest Income	35,654	35,280	35,373	34,207	34,188	31,908	30,501	28,906	140,514	125,503	108,323
Provision for Credit Losses	0	0	200	0	2,200	2,500	500	333	200	5,533	2,850
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses	35,654	35,280	35,173	34,207	31,988	29,408	30,001	28,573	140,314	119,970	105,473
Total Non-Interest Income	4,403	3,974	4,400	4,464	4,063	4,208	2,283	4,665	17,241	15,219	16,762
Total Non-Interest Expense	20,376	20,856	20,565	20,445	18,757	18,621	18,145	19,936	82,242	75,459	67,754
Income Before Income Taxes	19,681	18,398	19,008	18,226	17,294	14,995	14,139	13,302	75,313	59,730	54,481
Provision for Income Taxes	5,037	4,660	4,903	4,677	4,258	2,995	3,589	3,361	19,277	14,203	26,111
Net Income	$ 14,644	$ 13,738	$ 14,105	$ 13,549	$ 13,036	$ 12,000	$ 10,550	$ 9,941	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Basic Earnings Per Common Share (in dollars per share)	$ 18.54	$ 17.45	$ 17.92	$ 17.27	$ 16.56	$ 15.12	$ 12.90	$ 12.24	$ 71.18	$ 56.82	$ 35.03

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 4,980
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssets	us-gaap:OtherAssets
Operating lease liability	$ 5,030
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities
Corporate income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Net reclassification between AOCI and retained earnings			$ 0
Retained Earnings [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Net reclassification between AOCI and retained earnings			144
AOCI [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Net reclassification between AOCI and retained earnings			(144)
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets		$ 4,730
Operating lease liability		$ 4,730
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Net reclassification between AOCI and retained earnings			144
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | AOCI [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance [Abstract]
Net reclassification between AOCI and retained earnings			$ (144)

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Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost [Abstract]
FHLB stock and other equity securities	$ 12.7	$ 12.6

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) provided for the years ended December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current
Federal	$	14,798		$	2,517		$	9,460
State		7,733			6,224			4,046
Total Current		22,531			8,741			13,506
Deferred
Federal		(3,500	)		5,622			11,154
State		246			(160	)		1,451
Total Deferred		(3,254	)		5,462			12,605
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277		$	14,203		$	26,111

Total Provision for Income Taxes Reconciliation with Federal Statutory Rate

The total provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

	2019						2018						2017
(in thousands)	Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate
Tax  Provision at Federal Statutory Rate	$	15,816			21.0	%	$	12,543			21.0	%	$	19,068			35.0	%
Interest on Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions exempt from Federal Taxation		(358	)		(0.5	%)		(338	)		(0.6	%)		(617	)		(1.1	%)
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Benefit		6,304			8.4	%		4,791			7.9	%		3,573			6.5	%
Bank Owned Life Insurance		(460	)		(0.6	%)		(434	)		(0.7	%)		(696	)		(1.3	%)
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit		(2,078	)		(2.8	%)		(1,624	)		(2.7	%)		(1,546	)		(2.8	%)
Out of Period Adjustment		-			0.0	%		(802	)		(1.3	%)		-			0.0	%
Deferred Tax Asset Remeasurement		-			0.0	%		-			0.0	%		6,256			11.5	%
Other, Net		53			0.1	%		67			0.1	%		73			0.1	%
Total Provision for Taxes	$	19,277			25.6	%	$	14,203			23.8	%	$	26,111			47.9	%

Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets

The components of net deferred tax assets as of December 31 are as follows: The net deferred tax assets are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(in thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred Tax  Assets
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	15,925		$	15,877
Accrued Liabilities		8,452			7,444
Deferred Compensation		14,200			11,207
State Franchise Tax		1,624			1,307
Tax Credit Carry Forward		1,266			-
Lease Liability		1,487			-
Acquired Net Operating Loss		673			715
Fair Value Adjustment on Loans Acquired		286			300
Fair Value Adjustment on ORE Acquired		108			108
Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale		-			1,800
Low-Income Housing Investment		286			412
Other		2			7
Total Deferred Tax Assets	$	44,309		$	39,177
Deferred Tax  Liabilities
Premises and Equipment		(1,974	)		(2,226	)
Securities Accretion		(370	)		(229	)
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale		(935	)		-
Leasing Activities		(19,226	)		(17,215	)
Core Deposit Intangible Asset		(1,372	)		(1,560	)
ROU Lease Asset		(1,471	)		-
Prepaid		(66	)		(116	)
Other		(898	)		(1,000	)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities		(26,312	)		(22,346	)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	17,997		$	16,831

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Book Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments for the periods indicated:

			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	294,758	$	294,758	$	-	$	-	$	294,758
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		507,386		55,200		452,186		-		507,386
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		60,229		-		31,253		29,844		61,097
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,618,015		-		-		2,584,805		2,584,805
Accrued Interest Receivable		16,733		-		16,733		-		16,733
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,278,019		2,760,097		517,172		-		3,277,269
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,325		-		7,325
Accrued Interest Payable		2,795		-		2,795		-		2,795

			Fair Value of Financial Instruments Using
December 31, 2018  (in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	145,564	$	145,564	$	-	$	-	$	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		495,396		164,716		325,841		4,839		495,396
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity		53,566		-		35,083		18,655		53,738
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance		2,515,975		-		-		2,485,182		2,485,182
Accrued Interest Receivable		14,098		-		14,098		-		14,098
Liabilities:
Deposits		3,062,832		2,572,805		485,766		-		3,058,571
Subordinated Debentures		10,310		-		7,745		-		7,745
Accrued Interest Payable		1,365		-		1,365		-		1,365

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Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information

The following tables set forth certain unaudited historical quarterly financial data for each of the eight consecutive quarters in 2019 and 2018. This information is derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements that include, in management’s opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation when read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

2019 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	37,173	$	38,626	$	38,810	$	39,099	$	153,708
Total Interest Expense		2,966		3,253		3,530		3,445		13,194
Net Interest Income		34,207		35,373		35,280		35,654		140,514
Provision for Credit Losses		-		200		-		-		200
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		34,207		35,173		35,280		35,654		140,314
Total Non-Interest Income		4,464		4,400		3,974		4,403		17,241
Total Non-Interest Expense		20,445		20,565		20,856		20,376		82,242
Income Before Income Taxes		18,226		19,008		18,398		19,681		75,313
Provision for Income Taxes		4,677		4,903		4,660		5,037		19,277
Net Income	$	13,549	$	14,105	$	13,738	$	14,644	$	56,036
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	17.27	$	17.92	$	17.45	$	18.54	$	71.18

2018 (in thousands except per share data)	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Total Interest Income	$	30,428	$	32,161	$	34,065	$	36,799	$	133,453
Total Interest Expense		1,522		1,660		2,157		2,611		7,950
Net Interest Income		28,906		30,501		31,908		34,188		125,503
Provision for Credit Losses		333		500		2,500		2,200		5,533
Net Interest Income After
Provision for Credit Losses		28,573		30,001		29,408		31,988		119,970
Total Non-Interest Income		4,665		2,283		4,208		4,063		15,219
Total Non-Interest Expense		19,936		18,145		18,621		18,757		75,459
Income Before Income Taxes		13,302		14,139		14,995		17,294		59,730
Provision for Income Taxes		3,361		3,589		2,995		4,258		14,203
Net Income	$	9,941	$	10,550	$	12,000	$	13,036	$	45,527
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	12.24	$	12.90	$	15.12	$	16.56	$	56.82

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

16. Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” topic of the FASB ASC, which establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This standard applies whenever other standards require, or permit, assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. In this standard, the FASB clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, this standard establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.

Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

The Company does not record all loans & leases at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan or lease is considered impaired and an allowance for credit losses is established. Once a loan or lease is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with the “Receivable” topic of the FASB ASC. The fair value of impaired loans or leases is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value when the loan is collateral dependent, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, and discounted cash flows. Impaired loans & leases not requiring an allowance represent loans & leases for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans & leases. Impaired loans & leases where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take in to account differences between the comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 nonrecurring impaired loans is primarily the sales comparison approach less selling costs of 10%.

Other Real Estate (“ORE”) is reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair values are based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may use a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including sales comparison, cost and the income approach. Adjustments are often made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to take in to account differences between the comparable sales and income and other available data. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The valuation technique used for Level 3 nonrecurring ORE is primarily the sales comparison approach less selling costs of 10%.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
US Treasury Notes	$	54,995	$	54,995	$	-	$	-
US Govt SBA		10,798		-		10,798		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		441,078		-		441,078		-
Other		515		205		310		-
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	507,386	$	55,200	$	452,186	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,039	$	-	$	3,039	$	-
US Treasury Notes		164,514		164,514		-		-
US Govt SBA		15,447		-		15,447		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		307,045		-		307,045		-
Other		5,351		202		310		4,839
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	495,396	$	164,716	$	325,841	$	4,839

Fair values for Level 2 available-for-sale investment securities are based on quoted market prices for similar securities. During the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no transfers in or out of level 1, 2, or 3.

The following tables present information about the Company’s impaired loans & leases and other real estate, classes of assets or liabilities that the Company carries at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated. Not all impaired loans & leases are carried at fair value. Impaired loans & leases are only included in the following tables when their fair value is based upon an appraisal of the collateral, and if that appraisal results in a partial charge-off or the establishment of a specific reserve.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	$	-	$	-	$	2,588
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,403		-		-		1,403
Home Equity Lines and Loans		142		-		-		142
Agricultural		88		-		-		88
Commercial		1,391		-		-		1,391
Consumer		139		-		-		139
Total Impaired Loans		5,751		-		-		5,751
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,624	$	-	$	-	$	6,624

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	$	-	$	-	$	2,658
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,550		-		-		1,550
Home Equity Lines and Loans		70		-		-		70
Commercial		1,454		-		-		1,454
Total Impaired Loans		5,732		-		-		5,732
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,605	$	-	$	-	$	6,605

The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and the income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,403	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	0.8% - 6.4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	142	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 1.3	%
Agricultural	$	88	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	4.3	%
Commercial	$	1,391	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Consumer	$	139	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	40.6	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

December 31, 2018 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.25	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,550	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	70	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 2	%
Commercial	$	1,454	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	2.95% - 8.70%, 3.40	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

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Long-term Subordinated Debentures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Long-term Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]

Long-term Subordinated Debentures

12. Long-term Subordinated Debentures

In December 2003, the Company formed a wholly owned Connecticut statutory business trust, FMCB Statutory Trust I (“Statutory Trust I”), which issued $10.0 million of guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in the Company’s junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the “Trust Preferred Securities”). The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trust (variable interest entity), therefore the trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability. These debentures qualify as Tier 1 capital under current regulatory guidelines. All of the common securities of Statutory Trust I are owned by the Company. The proceeds from the issuance of the common securities and the Trust Preferred Securities were used by FMCB Statutory Trust to purchase $10.3 million of junior subordinated debentures of the Company, which carry a floating rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 2.85%. The debentures represent the sole asset of Statutory Trust I. The Trust Preferred Securities accrue and pay distributions at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.85% per annum of the stated liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security. The Company has entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment to the extent that Statutory Trust I has funds available therefore of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Preferred Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Preferred Securities called for redemption by Statutory Trust I; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up, or liquidation of Statutory Trust I. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the subordinated debentures on December 17, 2033, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the subordinated debentures purchased by Statutory Trust I, in whole or in part, on or after December 17, 2008. As specified in the indenture, if the subordinated debentures are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest. Additionally, if the Company decided to defer interest on the subordinated debentures, the Company would be prohibited from paying cash dividends on the Company’s common stock.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

20. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of recently adopted accounting standards that may have had a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Most notably, the ASU changes the income statement impact of equity investments held by the Company and the requirement for the Company to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The Company adopted the ASU provisions on January 1, 2018. The adoption of the ASU resulted in the use of an exit price rather than an entrance price to determine the fair value of loans not measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 17 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further information regarding the valuation of these loans.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The amount of the reclassification consists of the difference between the historical corporate income tax rates and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate federal income tax rate. The amendments are effective for all entities for the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted, including interim periods in those years. The Company adopted the amendments as of December 31, 2017, which resulted in a net reclassification of $144,000 between AOCI and retained earnings.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2019

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of newly issued but not yet effective accounting standards that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU will require the earlier recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments based on an expected loss model, replacing the incurred loss model that is currently in use. Under the new guidance, an entity will measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The expected loss model will apply to loans and leases, unfunded lending commitments, held-to-maturity debt securities and other debt instruments measured at amortized cost. The impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities will require the recognition of credit losses through a valuation allowance when fair value is less than amortized cost, regardless of whether the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. The new guidance is effective on January 1, 2020. During 2109 Company completed an assessment of its CECL data and system needs, and engaged a third-party vendor to assist in developing a CECL model. The Company, in conjunction with this vendor, researched and analyzed modeling standards, loan segmentation, as well as potential external inputs to supplement our historical loss history. Model validation began in the third quarter, enabling us to complete a parallel run using second, third and fourth quarter 2019 data. The ultimate impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2020 will depend on the characteristics of the Company’s portfolios, macroeconomic conditions and forecasts, the ultimate validation of models and methodologies, and other management judgments.

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Allowance for Credit Losses, Loan Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Credit Ratings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	$ 2,673,027	$ 2,571,241
Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	2,643,190	2,543,255
Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	13,621	12,865
Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	16,216	15,121
Doubtful [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Loss [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	838,570	826,549
Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	831,941	823,983
Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	6,629	2,566
Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	625,767	584,625
Agricultural Real Estate [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	611,792	566,612
Agricultural Real Estate [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	1,136	4,703
Agricultural Real Estate [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	12,839	13,310
Real Estate Construction [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	115,644	98,568
Real Estate Construction [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	115,644	98,568
Real Estate Construction [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Real Estate Construction [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	255,253	259,736
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	254,459	259,208
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	794	528
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	39,270	40,789
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	39,092	40,744
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	178	45
Agricultural [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	292,904	290,463
Agricultural [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	289,276	284,561
Agricultural [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	2,617	5,433
Agricultural [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	1,011	469
Commercial [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	384,795	343,834
Commercial [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	380,650	343,085
Commercial [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	3,239	163
Commercial [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	906	586
Consumer & Other [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	15,422	19,412
Consumer & Other [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	14,934	19,229
Consumer & Other [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Consumer & Other [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	488	183
Leases [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	105,402	107,265
Leases [Member] | Pass [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	105,402	107,265
Leases [Member] | Special Mention [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	0	0
Leases [Member] | Substandard [Member]
Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings [Abstract]
Loans & leases	$ 0	$ 0

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Parent Company Financial Information, Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 14,644	$ 13,738	$ 14,105	$ 13,549	$ 13,036	$ 12,000	$ 10,550	$ 9,941	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities									80,858	57,774	39,944
Investing Activities [Abstract]
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities									(135,630)	(205,089)	(82,190)
Financing Activities [Abstract]
Stock Repurchased									0	(31,152)	0
Cash Dividends									(11,221)	(11,151)	(10,982)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities									203,966	105,730	130,535
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents									149,194	(41,585)	88,289
Parent Company [Member]
Cash Flows from Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net Income									56,036	45,527	28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities [Abstract]
(Equity) Loss in Undistributed Net Earnings from Subsidiary									(44,571)	26,488	(5,575)
Net (Increase) in Other Assets									(160)	(125)	(11,822)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Liabilities									222	(942)	112
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities									11,527	70,948	11,085
Investing Activities [Abstract]
Securities Sold or Matured									0	0	1
Payments for Business Acquisition									0	(28,642)	0
Payments for Investments in Subsidiaries									(6,273)	(10,503)	(2,953)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities									(6,273)	(39,145)	(2,952)
Financing Activities [Abstract]
Stock Repurchased									0	(31,152)	0
Issuance of Common Stock									6,973	10,503	2,953
Cash Dividends									(11,221)	(11,151)	(10,982)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities									(4,248)	(31,800)	(8,029)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents									1,006	3	104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year				$ 335				$ 332	335	332	228
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$ 1,341				$ 335				$ 1,341	$ 335	$ 332

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Leases, Lessor - Direct Financing Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lessor - Direct Financing Leases [Abstract]
Net investment in direct financing leases	$ 105,400	$ 107,300
Minimum [Member]
Lessor - Direct Financing Leases [Abstract]
Term of direct financing leases	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessor - Direct Financing Leases [Abstract]
Term of direct financing leases	10 years

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Investment Securities, Pledged Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Investment Securities [Abstract]
Securities pledged to secure public deposits, FHLB borrowings, and other government agency deposits as required by law	$ 352.5	$ 268.8

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 10, 2018 USD ($) Branch	Oct. 09, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Acquisitions [Abstract]
Gain on remeasurement of previously held equity investment			$ 0	$ 997	$ 0
Assets			$ 3,721,830	$ 3,434,243
Bank of Rio Vista [Member]
Acquisitions [Abstract]
Percentage of equity interest in acquiree prior to acquisition of remaining interest		39.65%
Gain on remeasurement of previously held equity investment		$ 997
Assets	$ 217,500
Number of branches | Branch	3

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Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Shareholders' Equity [Abstract]

Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations

In addition, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2019	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	399,230		12.33	%	$	259,012		8.00	%	$	323,765		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	400,258		12.36	%	$	259,028		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	145,694		4.50	%	$	210,447		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	349,601		10.80	%	$	145,703		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	358,576		11.08	%	$	194,259		6.00	%	$	259,012		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	359,601		11.11	%	$	194,271		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	358,576		9.89	%	$	145,079		3.00	%	$	181,349		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	359,601		9.90	%	$	145,255		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

(in thousands)	Actual					Current Regulatory Capital Requirements					Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,763		11.39	%	$	243,455		8.00	%	$	304,319		10.00	%
Total Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	346,845		11.40	%	$	243,459		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
Total Bank Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	136,944		4.50	%	$	197,807		6.50	%
Total Consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	$	298,588		9.81	%	$	136,945		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,507		10.14	%	$	182,591		6.00	%	$	243,455		8.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	$	308,588		10.14	%	$	182,594		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Bank Capital to Average Assets	$	308,507		9.15	%	$	134,822		3.00	%	$	168,527		5.00	%
Tier 1 Consolidated Capital to Average Assets	$	308,588		9.08	%	$	135,949		3.00	%		N/A		N/A

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company had the following off balance sheet commitments as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commitments to Extend Credit	$	919,982	$	828,539
Letters of Credit		20,346		19,108
Performance Guarantees Under Interest Rate Swap Contracts Entered Into Between Our Borrowing Customers and Third Parties		1,513		-

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Income Taxes, Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current [Abstract]
Federal									$ 14,798	$ 2,517	$ 9,460
State									7,733	6,224	4,046
Total Current									22,531	8,741	13,506
Deferred [Abstract]
Federal									(3,500)	5,622	11,154
State									246	(160)	1,451
Total Deferred									(3,254)	5,462	12,605
Total Provision for Taxes	$ 5,037	$ 4,660	$ 4,903	$ 4,677	$ 4,258	$ 2,995	$ 3,589	$ 3,361	$ 19,277	$ 14,203	$ 26,111

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Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Interest Income
Interest and Fees on Loans & Leases	$ 137,237	$ 119,837	$ 102,682
Interest on Deposits with Banks	4,909	2,755	2,060
Interest on Investment Securities:
Taxable	9,911	9,257	8,123
Exempt from Federal Tax	1,651	1,604	1,747
Total Interest Income	153,708	133,453	114,612
Interest Expense
Deposits	12,640	7,425	5,865
Borrowed Funds	0	1	0
Subordinated Debentures	554	524	424
Total Interest Expense	13,194	7,950	6,289
Net Interest Income	140,514	125,503	108,323
Provision for Credit Losses	200	5,533	2,850
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses	140,314	119,970	105,473
Non-Interest Income
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts	3,673	3,479	3,453
Net Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities	1	(1,260)	131
Increase in Cash Surrender Value of Bank Owned Life Insurance	2,031	1,900	1,822
Debit Card and ATM Fees	5,120	4,365	3,873
Net Gain on Deferred Compensation Investments	2,625	1,088	2,563
Other	3,791	5,647	4,920
Total Non-Interest Income	17,241	15,219	16,762
Non-Interest Expense
Salaries and Employee Benefits	55,250	50,054	45,746
Net Gain on Deferred Compensation Investments	2,625	1,088	2,563
Occupancy	4,295	3,905	3,543
Equipment	4,921	4,303	3,994
Marketing	1,254	1,232	1,027
Legal	2,347	968	424
FDIC Insurance	624	912	932
Gain on Sale of ORE	0	0	(414)
Acquisition Expenses	0	2,933	0
Other	10,926	10,064	9,939
Total Non-Interest Expense	82,242	75,459	67,754
Income Before Income Taxes	75,313	59,730	54,481
Provision for Income Taxes	19,277	14,203	26,111
Net Income	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share (in dollars per share)	$ 71.18	$ 56.82	$ 35.03

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Fair Value Measurements (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Impaired Loans [Member]
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]
Percentage of selling costs	10.00%
ORE [Member]
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]
Percentage of selling costs	10.00%

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	$ 507,386	$ 495,396
Carrying Amount [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	294,758	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	507,386	495,396
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	60,229	53,566
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance	2,618,015	2,515,975
Accrued Interest Receivable	16,733	14,098
Liabilities [Abstract]
Deposits	3,278,019	3,062,832
Subordinated Debentures	10,310	10,310
Accrued Interest Payable	2,795	1,365
Estimated Fair Value [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	294,758	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	507,386	495,396
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	61,097	53,738
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance	2,584,805	2,485,182
Accrued Interest Receivable	16,733	14,098
Liabilities [Abstract]
Deposits	3,277,269	3,058,571
Subordinated Debentures	7,325	7,745
Accrued Interest Payable	2,795	1,365
Estimated Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	294,758	145,564
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	55,200	164,716
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	0	0
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance	0	0
Accrued Interest Receivable	0	0
Liabilities [Abstract]
Deposits	2,760,097	2,572,805
Subordinated Debentures	0	0
Accrued Interest Payable	0	0
Estimated Fair Value [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0	0
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	452,186	325,841
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	31,253	35,083
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance	0	0
Accrued Interest Receivable	16,733	14,098
Liabilities [Abstract]
Deposits	517,172	485,766
Subordinated Debentures	7,325	7,745
Accrued Interest Payable	2,795	1,365
Estimated Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0	0
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	0	4,839
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	29,844	18,655
Loans & Leases, Net of Deferred Fees & Allowance	2,584,805	2,485,182
Accrued Interest Receivable	0	0
Liabilities [Abstract]
Deposits	0	0
Subordinated Debentures	0	0
Accrued Interest Payable	$ 0	$ 0

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Federal Home Loan Bank Advances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances [Abstract]
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances, short term	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances, long term	0.0	$ 0.0
Collateral on borrowing lines	793.5
Borrowing capacity	$ 668.4

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Provision for Credit Losses	200	5,533	2,850
Depreciation and Amortization	2,756	2,421	2,186
(Benefit) Provision for Deferred Income Taxes	(3,254)	5,462	12,605
Net Amortization of Investment Security Premium & Discounts	510	861	1,430
Amortization of Core Deposit Intangible	639	228	110
Accretion of Discount on Acquired Loans	(47)	(153)	(202)
Net (Gain) Loss on Investment Securities	(1)	1,260	(131)
Net Loss (Gain) on Sale of Property & Equipment	87	(273)	(1,189)
Net Gain on Sale of ORE	0	0	(414)
Earnings from Equity Investment	0	(66)	0
Dividends from Equity Investment	0	63	0
Gain on Remeasurement of Previously Held Equity Investment	0	(997)	0
Net Change in Operating Assets & Liabilities:
Net Decrease (Increase) in Interest Receivable and Other Assets	18,949	(2,098)	(275)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Interest Payable and Other Liabilities	4,983	6	(5,396)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	80,858	57,774	39,944
Investing Activities
Purchase of Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	(652,280)	(465,414)	(325,573)
Proceeds from Sold, Matured, or Called Securities Available-for-Sale	644,244	550,727	289,857
Purchase of Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity	(16,376)	(9,813)	(1,205)
Proceeds from Matured, or Called Securities Held-to-Maturity	10,871	10,647	4,794
Net Loans & Leases Paid, Originated or Acquired	(102,413)	(276,066)	(38,178)
Principal Collected on Loans & Leases Previously Charged Off	220	158	259
Cash Paid for Acquisition, Net	0	(5,987)	0
Additions to Premises and Equipment	(15,537)	(4,577)	(4,254)
Purchase of Other Investment	(4,400)	(5,750)	(14,380)
Proceeds from Sale of Property & Equipment	41	986	3,304
Proceeds from Sale of ORE	0	0	3,186
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(135,630)	(205,089)	(82,190)
Financing Activities
Net Increase in Deposits	215,187	148,033	141,517
Stock Repurchases	0	(31,152)	0
Cash Dividends	(11,221)	(11,151)	(10,982)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	203,966	105,730	130,535
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	149,194	(41,585)	88,289
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	145,564	187,149	98,860
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	294,758	145,564	187,149
Supplementary Data
Cash Payments Made for Income Taxes	7,342	7,971	13,942
Issuance of Common Stock to the Bank's Non-Qualified Retirement Plans	6,973	10,502	2,953
Interest Paid	11,755	7,731	6,005
Supplementary Noncash Disclosure
Lease Liabilities Arising from Obtaining Right-of-Use Assets	5,645	0	0
Acquisitions:
Fair Value of Assets Acquired	0	234,456	0
Fair Value of Liabilities Acquired	$ 0	$ 192,809	$ 0

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Significant Accounting Policies, Premises and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Buildings [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	30 years
Buildings [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	40 years
Furniture and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Premises and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful lives	10 years

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Significant Accounting Policies, Accounting Changes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$ 4,980
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssets	us-gaap:OtherAssets
Operating lease liability	$ 5,030
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities
ASU 2016-02 [Member]
Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use asset		$ 4,730
Operating lease liability		$ 4,730

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Investment Securities, Securities Held-to-Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Book values, estimated fair values and unrealized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity [Abstract]
Book value	$ 60,229	$ 53,566
Gross unrealized gains	880	211
Gross unrealized losses	12	39
Fair value	61,097	53,738
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Book values, estimated fair values and unrealized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity [Abstract]
Book value	60,229	53,566
Gross unrealized gains	880	211
Gross unrealized losses	12	39
Fair value	$ 61,097	$ 53,738

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Time Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Time Deposits [Abstract]

Time Deposits of $250,000 or More

Time Deposits of $250,000 or more as of December 31 were as follows:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Balance	$	257,392	$	219,022

Maturities of Time Deposits

At December 31, 2019, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows:

(in thousands)	Scheduled Maturities
2020	$	462,263
2021		46,150
2022		6,839
2023		1,676
2024		994
Total	$	517,922

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

23. Subsequent Events

On January 10, 2020, the Company issued 523 shares of common stock to the Bank’s non-qualified deferred compensation retirement plans at a price of $770 per share based upon a valuation completed by a nationally recognized bank consulting and advisory firm and in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The proceeds will be contributed to the Bank as equity capital.

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Investment Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investment Securities [Abstract]

Amortized Cost, Fair Values, and Unrealized Gains and Losses of Securities Available-For-Sale

The amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of the securities available-for-sale are as follows:

(in thousands)

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2019	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
US Treasury Notes	$	54,745	$	250	$	-	$	54,995
US Govt SBA		10,902		9		113		10,798
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		436,531		4,646		99		441,078
Other		515		-		-		515
Total	$	502,693	$	4,905	$	212	$	507,386

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2018	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,033	$	6	$	-	$	3,039
US Treasury Notes		164,672		-		158		164,514
US Govt SBA		15,601		6		160		15,447
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		310,982		1,196		5,133		307,045
Other		5,351		-		-		5,351
Total	$	499,639	$	1,208	$	5,451	$	495,396

⁽¹⁾ All Mortgage Backed Securities were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government.

Book Values, Estimated Fair Values and Unrealized Gains and Losses of Investments Classified as Held-To-Maturity

The book values, estimated fair values and unrealized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity are as follows: (in thousands)

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2019	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097
Total	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2018	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738
Total	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738

Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Investment Securities by Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables. (in thousands)

	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
December 31, 2019	Amortized Cost		Fair/Book Value		Book Value		Fair Value
Within One Year	$	40,509	$	40,510	$	2,446	$	2,446
After One Year Through Five Years		15,146		15,393		5,902		5,905
After Five Years Through Ten Years		955		955		23,980		24,689
After Ten Years		9,552		9,450		27,901		28,057
		66,162		66,308		60,229		61,097

Investment Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date:
Mortgage Backed Securities		436,531		441,078		-		-
Total	$	502,693	$	507,386	$	60,229	$	61,097

Investments with Gross Unrealized Losses and Market Value Aggregated by Investment Category and Length of Time That Individual Securities Have Been In a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position

The following tables show those investments with gross unrealized losses and their market value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated. (in thousands)

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2019	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Govt SBA	$	2,693	$	6	$	5,198	$	107	$	7,891	$	113
Mortgage Backed Securities		131,005		88		713		11		131,718		99
Total	$	133,698	$	94	$	5,911	$	118	$	139,609	$	212
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12
Total	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2018	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Treasury Notes	$	124,985	$	7	$	39,529	$	151	$	164,514	$	158
US Govt SBA		3,250		28		8,618		132		11,868		160
Mortgage Backed Securities		52,289		528		207,271		4,605		259,560		5,133
Total	$	180,524	$	563	$	255,418	$	4,888	$	435,942	$	5,451
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39
Total	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39

Proceeds from Sales and Calls of Securities

Proceeds from sales and calls of these securities were as follows:

(in thousands)	Gross Proceeds		Gross Gains		Gross Losses
2019	$	5,300	$	1	$	-
2018	$	99,323	$	78	$	1,338
2017	$	7,831	$	143	$	12

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Time Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Time Deposits [Abstract]

Time Deposits

8. Time Deposits

Time Deposits of $250,000 or more as of December 31 were as follows:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Balance	$	257,392	$	219,022

At December 31, 2019, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows:

(in thousands)	Scheduled Maturities
2020	$	462,263
2021		46,150
2022		6,839
2023		1,676
2024		994
Total	$	517,922

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Loans & Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans & Leases [Abstract]

Loans & Leases

4. Loans & Leases

Loans & leases as of December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Commercial Real Estate	$	846,486	$	834,476
Agricultural Real Estate		625,767		584,625
Real Estate Construction		115,644		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		255,253		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,270		40,789
Agricultural		292,904		290,463
Commercial		384,795		343,834
Consumer & Other		15,422		19,412
Leases		104,470		106,217
Total Gross Loans & Leases		2,680,011		2,578,120
Less: Unearned Income		6,984		6,879
Subtotal		2,673,027		2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012		55,266
Loans & Leases, Net	$	2,618,015	$	2,515,975

At December 31, 2019, the portion of loans that were approved for pledging as collateral on borrowing lines with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) were $793.5 million and $696.5 million, respectively. The borrowing capacity on these loans was $668.4 million from FHLB and $441.3 million from the FRB.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

18. Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into financial instruments with off balance sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These instruments include commitments to extend credit, letters of credit, and other types of financial guarantees. The Company had the following off balance sheet commitments as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commitments to Extend Credit	$	919,982	$	828,539
Letters of Credit		20,346		19,108
Performance Guarantees Under Interest Rate Swap Contracts Entered Into Between Our Borrowing Customers and Third Parties		1,513		-

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party with regard to standby letters of credit, undisbursed loan commitments, and financial guarantees is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for recorded balance sheet items. The Company may or may not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. Evaluations of each customer’s creditworthiness are performed on a case-by-case basis.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of or payment for a customer to a third party. Outstanding standby letters of credit have maturity dates ranging from 1 to 25 months with final expiration in January 2022. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company becomes involved in litigation arising out of its normal business activities. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from the disposition of such claims would not be material in relation to the financial position of the Company.

The Company may be required to maintain average reserves on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank primarily based on deposits outstanding. Reserve requirements are offset by the Company’s vault cash and deposit balances maintained with the Federal Reserve Bank.

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Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]

Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share

14. Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share

Total cash dividends during 2019 were $11,221,000 or $14.20 per share of common stock, an increase of 2.2% per share from $11,151,000 or $13.90 per share in 2018. In 2017, cash dividends totaled $10,982,000 or $13.55 per share.

Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company has no securities or other contracts, such as stock options, that could require the issuance of common stock.  Accordingly, diluted earnings per share are not presented. The following table calculates the basic earnings per common share for the periods indicated.

(net income in thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net Income	$	56,036	$	45,527	$	28,370
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding		787,227		801,229		809,834
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	71.18	$	56.82	$	35.03

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
US Treasury Notes	$	54,995	$	54,995	$	-	$	-
US Govt SBA		10,798		-		10,798		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		441,078		-		441,078		-
Other		515		205		310		-
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	507,386	$	55,200	$	452,186	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,039	$	-	$	3,039	$	-
US Treasury Notes		164,514		164,514		-		-
US Govt SBA		15,447		-		15,447		-
Mortgage Backed Securities		307,045		-		307,045		-
Other		5,351		202		310		4,839
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Recurring Basis	$	495,396	$	164,716	$	325,841	$	4,839

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following tables present information about the Company’s impaired loans & leases and other real estate, classes of assets or liabilities that the Company carries at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value for the periods indicated. Not all impaired loans & leases are carried at fair value. Impaired loans & leases are only included in the following tables when their fair value is based upon an appraisal of the collateral, and if that appraisal results in a partial charge-off or the establishment of a specific reserve.

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2019, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	$	-	$	-	$	2,588
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,403		-		-		1,403
Home Equity Lines and Loans		142		-		-		142
Agricultural		88		-		-		88
Commercial		1,391		-		-		1,391
Consumer		139		-		-		139
Total Impaired Loans		5,751		-		-		5,751
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,624	$	-	$	-	$	6,624

			Fair Value Measurements At December 31, 2018, Using
(in thousands)	Fair Value Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	$	-	$	-	$	2,658
Residential 1st Mortgage		1,550		-		-		1,550
Home Equity Lines and Loans		70		-		-		70
Commercial		1,454		-		-		1,454
Total Impaired Loans		5,732		-		-		5,732
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction		873		-		-		873
Total Other Real Estate		873		-		-		873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	$	6,605	$	-	$	-	$	6,605

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

December 31, 2019 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,588	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,403	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	0.8% - 6.4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	142	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 1.3	%
Agricultural	$	88	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	4.3	%
Commercial	$	1,391	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.3	%
Consumer	$	139	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	40.6	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

December 31, 2018 (in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range, Weighted Avg.
Impaired Loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,658	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	3.25	%
Residential 1st Mortgages	$	1,550	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 4%, 3	%
Home Equity Lines and Loans	$	70	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	1% - 2%, 2	%
Commercial	$	1,454	Income Approach	Capitalization Rate	2.95% - 8.70%, 3.40	%
Other Real Estate:
Real Estate Construction	$	873	Sales Comparison Approach	Adjustment for Difference Between Comparable Sales	10	%

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Parent Company Financial Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Parent Company Financial Information [Abstract]

Condensed Balance Sheets

The following financial information is presented as of December 31 for the periods indicated.

Farmers & Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,341	$	335
Investment in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California		378,271		321,134
Investment Securities		411		409
Other Assets		102		(57	)
Total Assets	$	380,125	$	321,821
Subordinated Debentures	$	10,310	$	10,310
Liabilities		519		296
Shareholders’ Equity		369,296		311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	380,125	$	321,821

Condensed Statements of Income

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Equity (Loss) in Undistributed Earnings in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California	$	44,571		$	(26,488	)	$	5,575
Dividends from Subsidiary		13,166			73,010			23,575
Interest Income		17			16			13
Other Expenses, Net		(2,416	)		(1,527	)		(1,552	)
Tax Benefit		698			516			759
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	56,036		$	45,527		$	28,370
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
(Equity) Loss in Undistributed Net Earnings from Subsidiary		(44,571	)		26,488			(5,575	)
Net (Increase) in Other Assets		(160	)		(125	)		(11,822	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Liabilities		222			(942	)		112
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		11,527			70,948			11,085
Investing Activities:
Securities Sold or Matured		-			-			1
Payments for Business Acquisition		-			(28,642	)		-
Payments for Investments in Subsidiaries		(6,273	)		(10,503	)		(2,953	)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities		(6,273	)		(39,145	)		(2,952	)
Financing Activities:
Stock Repurchased		-			(31,152	)		-
Issuance of Common Stock		6,973			10,503			2,953
Cash Dividends		(11,221	)		(11,151	)		(10,982	)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities		(4,248	)		(31,800	)		(8,029	)
Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		1,006			3			104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year		335			332			228
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$	1,341		$	335		$	332

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member]	Jan. 10, 2020 $ / shares shares
Stock Issued [Abstract]
Shares issued to non-qualified defined contribution retirement plans (in shares) | shares	523
Share price of shares issued (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 770

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Allowance for Credit Losses, Impaired Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
With no related allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	$ 5,740	$ 7,334
Unpaid Principal Balance	5,740	7,334
Average Recorded Investment	6,167	3,945
Interest Income Recognized	388	135
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	6,368	6,266
Unpaid Principal Balance	6,587	6,460
Related Allowance	612	511
Average Recorded Investment	6,328	6,217
Interest Income Recognized	230	206
Total [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	12,108	13,600
Unpaid Principal Balance	12,327	13,794
Related Allowance	612	511
Average Recorded Investment	12,495	10,162
Interest Income Recognized	618	341
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
With no related allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	86	95
Unpaid Principal Balance	86	96
Average Recorded Investment	90	99
Interest Income Recognized	8	8
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	2,822	2,902
Unpaid Principal Balance	2,822	2,892
Related Allowance	234	234
Average Recorded Investment	2,853	2,929
Interest Income Recognized	94	96
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	234	234
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
With no related allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	5,654	7,239
Unpaid Principal Balance	5,654	7,238
Average Recorded Investment	6,069	3,620
Interest Income Recognized	379	119
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
With no related allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment		0
Unpaid Principal Balance		0
Average Recorded Investment		226
Interest Income Recognized		8
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	1,562	1,640
Unpaid Principal Balance	1,770	1,838
Related Allowance	74	82
Average Recorded Investment	1,601	1,371
Interest Income Recognized	73	48
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	74	82
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	68	74
Unpaid Principal Balance	79	84
Related Allowance	7	4
Average Recorded Investment	71	76
Interest Income Recognized	4	4
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	7	4
Agricultural [Member]
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	188
Unpaid Principal Balance	188
Related Allowance	99
Average Recorded Investment	195
Interest Income Recognized	6
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	99
Commercial [Member]
With no related allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	0
Unpaid Principal Balance	0
Average Recorded Investment	8
Interest Income Recognized	1
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	1,528	1,644
Unpaid Principal Balance	1,528	1,639
Related Allowance	137	185
Average Recorded Investment	1,554	1,834
Interest Income Recognized	53	58
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	137	185
Consumer & Other [Member]
With an allowance recorded [Abstract]
Recorded Investment	200	6
Unpaid Principal Balance	200	7
Related Allowance	61	6
Average Recorded Investment	54	7
Interest Income Recognized	0	0
Total [Abstract]
Related Allowance	$ 61	$ 6

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Loans & Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	$ 2,680,011	$ 2,578,120
Less: Unearned Income	6,984	6,879
Total Loans & Leases	2,673,027	2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	55,012	55,266	$ 50,342
Loans & Leases, Net	2,618,015	2,515,975
Collateral on borrowing lines	793,500
Federal Home Loan Bank [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Collateral on borrowing lines	793,500
Maximum borrowing capacity	668,400
Federal Reserve Bank [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Collateral on borrowing lines	696,500
Maximum borrowing capacity	441,300
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	846,486	834,476
Total Loans & Leases	838,570	826,549
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	11,053	11,609	10,922
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	625,767	584,625
Total Loans & Leases	625,767	584,625
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	15,128	14,092	12,085
Real Estate Construction [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	115,644	98,568
Total Loans & Leases	115,644	98,568
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	1,949	1,249	1,846
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	255,253	259,736
Total Loans & Leases	255,253	259,736
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	855	880	815
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	39,270	40,789
Total Loans & Leases	39,270	40,789
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	2,675	2,761	2,324
Agricultural [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	292,904	290,463
Total Loans & Leases	292,904	290,463
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	8,076	8,242	8,159
Commercial [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	384,795	343,834
Total Loans & Leases	384,795	343,834
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	11,466	11,656	9,197
Consumer & Other [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	15,422	19,412
Total Loans & Leases	15,422	19,412
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	456	494	209
Leases [Member]
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]
Total Gross Loans & Leases	104,470	106,217
Total Loans & Leases	105,402	107,265
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	$ 3,162	$ 4,022	$ 3,363

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Parent Company Financial Information, Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Condensed Balance Sheets [Abstract]
Investment Securities	$ 567,615	$ 548,962
Total Assets	3,721,830	3,434,243
Subordinated Debentures	10,310	10,310
Liabilities	3,352,534	3,123,028
Shareholders' Equity	369,296	311,215	$ 299,660	$ 279,981
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	3,721,830	3,434,243
Parent Company [Member]
Condensed Balance Sheets [Abstract]
Cash	1,341	335	$ 332	$ 228
Investment in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California	378,271	321,134
Investment Securities	411	409
us-gaap_OtherAssets	102	(57)
Total Assets	380,125	321,821
Subordinated Debentures	10,310	10,310
Liabilities	519	296
Shareholders' Equity	369,296	311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$ 380,125	$ 321,821

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Leases, Information Related to Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities [Abstract]
Operating Cash Flow from Operating Leases	$ 783
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities	$ 5,645	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases	7 years 10 months 17 days
Weighted-Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases	3.20%

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Investment Securities, Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Security	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Investment Securities, Qualitative Disclosure [Abstract]
Number of investment securities held | Security	595
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	29
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	74
Available-for-sale Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value	$ 133,698	$ 180,524
Less than 12 months unrealized loss	94	563
12 months or more fair value	5,911	255,418
12 months or more unrealized loss	118	4,888
Total fair value	139,609	435,942
Total unrealized loss	212	5,451
Held-to-maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value	355
Less than 12 months unrealized loss	12
12 months or more fair value	0
12 months or more unrealized loss	0
Total fair value	355
Total unrealized loss	12
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Held-to-maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value	355
Less than 12 months unrealized loss	12
12 months or more fair value	0
12 months or more unrealized loss	0
Total fair value	355
Total unrealized loss	$ 12
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	2
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	0
Municipal Bonds [Member]
Held-to-maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Percentage of portfolio rated at either issue or issuer level	100.00%
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	0
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	0
US Treasury Notes [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value		124,985
Less than 12 months unrealized loss		7
12 months or more fair value		39,529
12 months or more unrealized loss		151
Total fair value		164,514
Total unrealized loss		158
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	0
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	0
US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value	$ 2,693	3,250
Less than 12 months unrealized loss	6	28
12 months or more fair value	5,198	8,618
12 months or more unrealized loss	107	132
Total fair value	7,891	11,868
Total unrealized loss	$ 113	160
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	18
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	53
Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale Securities in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
Less than 12 months fair value	$ 131,005	52,289
Less than 12 months unrealized loss	88	528
12 months or more fair value	713	207,271
12 months or more unrealized loss	11	4,605
Total fair value	131,718	259,560
Total unrealized loss	$ 99	$ 5,133
Less than 12 months, number of positions | Security	9
12 months or more, number of positions | Security	21

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Significant Accounting Policies, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Details) - Core Deposit Intangible [Member] $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	10 years
Future estimated amortization expense for CDI [Abstract]
2020	$ 626
2021	611
2022	593
2023	573
2024	549
Thereafter	1,688
Total	$ 4,640

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Significant Accounting Policies, Investment Securities (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 Component
Investment Securities [Abstract]
Number of components into which amount of impairment is split	2

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Other Real Estate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Other Real Estate [Abstract]
Other real estate, net	$ 873	$ 873

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Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared on common stock									$ 11,221	$ 11,151	$ 10,982
Cash dividends paid per share of common stock (in dollars per share)									$ 14.20	$ 13.90	$ 13.55
Percentage increase in cash dividend per share									2.20%
Basic Earnings per Common Share [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 14,644	$ 13,738	$ 14,105	$ 13,549	$ 13,036	$ 12,000	$ 10,550	$ 9,941	$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding (in shares)									787,227	801,229	809,834
Basic Earnings Per Common Share (in dollars per share)									$ 71.18	$ 56.82	$ 35.03

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 8	$ 90,671	$ 189,313	$ (11)	$ 279,981
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	807,329
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income			28,370		28,370
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock			(10,982)		(10,982)
Issuance of Common Stock		2,953			2,953
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)	4,975
Tax Adjustment of Available-for-Sale Securities Reclassed from AOCI			144	(144)	0
Change in Net Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale				(662)	(662)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 8	93,624	206,845	(817)	299,660
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	812,304
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income			45,527		45,527
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock			(11,151)		(11,151)
Repurchase of Common Stock		(31,152)			(31,152)
Repurchase of Common Stock (in shares)	(44,503)
Issuance of Common Stock		10,502			10,502
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)	15,920
Change in Net Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale				(2,171)	(2,171)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 8	72,974	241,221	(2,988)	$ 311,215
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	783,721				783,721
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income			56,036		$ 56,036
Cash Dividends Declared on Common Stock			(11,221)		(11,221)
Issuance of Common Stock		6,973			6,973
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)	9,312
Change in Net Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale				6,293	6,293
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 8	$ 79,947	$ 286,036	$ 3,305	$ 369,296
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	793,033				793,033

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and Due from Banks	$ 71,564	$ 61,058
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks	223,194	84,506
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents	294,758	145,564
Investment Securities:
Available-for-Sale	507,386	495,396
Held-to-Maturity	60,229	53,566
Total Investment Securities	567,615	548,962
Loans & Leases:	2,673,027	2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	55,012	55,266
Loans & Leases, Net	2,618,015	2,515,975
Premises and Equipment, Net	45,271	32,623
Bank Owned Life Insurance	67,148	65,117
Interest Receivable and Other Assets	129,023	126,002
Total Assets	3,721,830	3,434,243
Deposits:
Demand	1,067,187	974,756
Interest-Bearing Transaction	697,952	694,384
Savings and Money Market	994,958	903,665
Time	517,922	490,027
Total Deposits	3,278,019	3,062,832
Subordinated Debentures	10,310	10,310
Interest Payable and Other Liabilities	64,205	49,886
Total Liabilities	3,352,534	3,123,028
Commitments & Contingencies (See Note 18)
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred Stock: No Par Value, 1,000,000 Shares Authorized, None Issued or Outstanding	0	0
Common Stock: Par Value $0.01, 7,500,000 Shares Authorized, 793,033 and 783,721 Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.	8	8
Additional Paid-In Capital	79,947	72,974
Retained Earnings	286,036	241,221
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3,305	(2,988)
Total Shareholders' Equity	369,296	311,215
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$ 3,721,830	$ 3,434,243

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Fair Value Measurements, Assets or Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	$ 5,751	$ 5,732
Other Real Estate	873	873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	6,624	6,605
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	2,588	2,658
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,403	1,550
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	142	70
Agricultural [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	88
Commercial [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,391	1,454
Consumer [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	139
Real Estate Construction [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	873	873
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Real Estate	0	0
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Agricultural [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Real Estate	0	0
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Agricultural [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	0
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	5,751	5,732
Other Real Estate	873	873
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Non-Recurring Basis	6,624	6,605
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	2,588	2,658
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,403	1,550
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	142	70
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Agricultural [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	88
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	1,391	1,454
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Consumer [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Impaired Loans	139
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Real Estate Construction [Member]
Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Other Real Estate	$ 873	$ 873

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Income Taxes, Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]
Allowance for Credit Losses	$ 15,925	$ 15,877
Accrued Liabilities	8,452	7,444
Deferred Compensation	14,200	11,207
State Franchise Tax	1,624	1,307
Tax Credit Carry Forward	1,266	0
Lease Liability	1,487	0
Acquired Net Operating Loss	673	715
Fair Value Adjustment on Loans Acquired	286	300
Fair Value Adjustment on ORE Acquired	108	108
Unrealized Loss on Securities Available-for-Sale	0	1,800
Low-Income Housing Investment	286	412
Other	2	7
Total Deferred Tax Assets	44,309	39,177
Deferred Tax Liabilities [Abstract]
Premises and Equipment	(1,974)	(2,226)
Securities Accretion	(370)	(229)
Unrealized Gain on Securities Available-for-Sale	(935)	0
Leasing Activities	(19,226)	(17,215)
Core Deposit Intangible Asset	(1,372)	(1,560)
ROU Lease Asset	(1,471)	0
Prepaid	(66)	(116)
Other	(898)	(1,000)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities	(26,312)	(22,346)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$ 17,997	$ 16,831
Tax Provision at Federal Statutory Rate	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Increase in income tax provision resulting from onetime re-measurement of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities			$ 6,300

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Shareholders' Equity, Stock Repurchase Program, Dividends and Issuance of Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Stock Repurchased [Abstract]
Total consideration for shares to be purchased	$ 31,200		$ 31,152
Per share price of shares purchased (in dollars per share)	$ 700
Minimum [Member]
Stock Issued [Abstract]
Per share price of shares issued (in dollars per share)		$ 715	$ 635
Maximum [Member]
Stock Issued [Abstract]
Per share price of shares issued (in dollars per share)		$ 770	$ 690
Directors and Officers [Member]
Stock Issued [Abstract]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			2,400
Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Retirement Plans [Member]
Stock Issued [Abstract]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		9,312	13,520
Common Stock Repurchase Plan [Member]
Stock Repurchased [Abstract]
Approved funds available for common stock repurchase program		$ 20,000
Number of shares of stock purchased (in shares)		0	0

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 4,980
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssets	us-gaap:OtherAssets
Operating lease liability	$ 5,030
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities	us-gaap:OtherLiabilities
Operating lease cost	$ 836
Minimum [Member]
Operating Leases [Abstract]
Remaining lease term	1 year
Lease extension option term	5 years
Maximum [Member]
Operating Leases [Abstract]
Remaining lease term	10 years
Lease extension option term	10 years

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Short Term Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Short Term Borrowings [Abstract]

Short Term Borrowings

10. Short Term Borrowings

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had unused lines of credit available for short-term liquidity purposes of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. Federal Funds purchased and advances are generally issued on an overnight basis. There were no advances from the FHLB at December 31, 2019 or 2018. There were no Federal Funds purchased or advances from the FRB at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

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Premises and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Premises and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment

6. Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment as of December 31^st, consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Land and Buildings	$	53,997	$	39,329
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment		21,058		21,136
Leasehold Improvement		3,745		3,606
Subtotal		78,800		64,071
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization		33,529		31,448
Total	$	45,271	$	32,623

Depreciation and amortization on premises and equipment included in occupancy and equipment expense amounted to $2,756,000, $2,421,000, and $2,186,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rental income was $183,000, $173,000, and $169,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

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Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investment Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

2. Investment Securities

The amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of the securities available-for-sale are as follows:

(in thousands)

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2019	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
US Treasury Notes	$	54,745	$	250	$	-	$	54,995
US Govt SBA		10,902		9		113		10,798
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		436,531		4,646		99		441,078
Other		515		-		-		515
Total	$	502,693	$	4,905	$	212	$	507,386

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized				Fair/Book
December 31, 2018	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities	$	3,033	$	6	$	-	$	3,039
US Treasury Notes		164,672		-		158		164,514
US Govt SBA		15,601		6		160		15,447
Mortgage Backed Securities (1)		310,982		1,196		5,133		307,045
Other		5,351		-		-		5,351
Total	$	499,639	$	1,208	$	5,451	$	495,396

⁽¹⁾ All Mortgage Backed Securities were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government.

The book values, estimated fair values and unrealized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity are as follows: (in thousands)

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2019	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097
Total	$	60,229	$	880	$	12	$	61,097

	Book		Gross Unrealized				Fair
December 31, 2018	Value		Gains		Losses		Value
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738
Total	$	53,566	$	211	$	39	$	53,738

Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price or dealer quote is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables. (in thousands)

	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
December 31, 2019	Amortized Cost		Fair/Book Value		Book Value		Fair Value
Within One Year	$	40,509	$	40,510	$	2,446	$	2,446
After One Year Through Five Years		15,146		15,393		5,902		5,905
After Five Years Through Ten Years		955		955		23,980		24,689
After Ten Years		9,552		9,450		27,901		28,057
		66,162		66,308		60,229		61,097

Investment Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date:
Mortgage Backed Securities		436,531		441,078		-		-
Total	$	502,693	$	507,386	$	60,229	$	61,097

Expected maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following tables show those investments with gross unrealized losses and their market value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated. (in thousands)

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2019	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Govt SBA	$	2,693	$	6	$	5,198	$	107	$	7,891	$	113
Mortgage Backed Securities		131,005		88		713		11		131,718		99
Total	$	133,698	$	94	$	5,911	$	118	$	139,609	$	212
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12
Total	$	355	$	12	$	-	$	-	$	355	$	12

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2018	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities Available-for-Sale
US Treasury Notes	$	124,985	$	7	$	39,529	$	151	$	164,514	$	158
US Govt SBA		3,250		28		8,618		132		11,868		160
Mortgage Backed Securities		52,289		528		207,271		4,605		259,560		5,133
Total	$	180,524	$	563	$	255,418	$	4,888	$	435,942	$	5,451
Securities Held-to-Maturity
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39
Total	$	6,052	$	23	$	849	$	16	$	6,901	$	39

As of December 31, 2019, the Company held 595 investment securities of which 29 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and 74 securities were in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. Management periodically evaluates each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment relying primarily on industry analyst reports and observations of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. Management believes it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the underlying investment securities.

Securities of Government Agency and Government Sponsored Entities – At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no securities of government agency and government sponsored entities were in a loss position.

U.S. Treasury Notes – At December 31, 2019, no U.S. Treasury Note security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and none were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in US treasury notes were $0 at December 31, 2019 and $158,000 at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

U.S. Government SBA – At December 31, 2019, 18 U.S. Government SBA security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 53 were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in U.S. Government SBA were $113,000 at December 31, 2019 and $160,000 at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Mortgage Backed Securities - At December 31, 2019, 9 mortgage backed security investments were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 21 was in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in mortgage-backed securities were $99,000 at December 31, 2019 and $5.1 million at December 31, 2018. The unrealized losses were caused by interest rate fluctuations. The contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - At December 31, 2019, 2 obligations of states and political subdivisions were in a loss position for less than 12 months. None were in a loss position for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2019, one-hundred percent of the Company’s bank-qualified municipal bond portfolio is rated at either the issue or the issuer level, and all of these ratings are “investment grade.” The Company monitors the status of all municipal investments in the portfolio, and at the current time does not believe any of them to be exhibiting financial problems that could result in a loss in any individual security.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in obligation of states and political subdivisions were $12,000 at December 31, 2019 and $39,000 at December 31, 2018. Management believes that any unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate fluctuations. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that the Company would not have to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Proceeds from sales and calls of these securities were as follows:

(in thousands)	Gross Proceeds		Gross Gains		Gross Losses
2019	$	5,300	$	1	$	-
2018	$	99,323	$	78	$	1,338
2017	$	7,831	$	143	$	12

Pledged Securities

As of December 31, 2019, securities carried at $352.5 million were pledged to secure public deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings, and other government agency deposits as required by law. This amount was $268.8 million at December 31, 2018.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of recently adopted accounting standards that may have had a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Most notably, the ASU changes the income statement impact of equity investments held by the Company and the requirement for the Company to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The Company adopted the ASU provisions on January 1, 2018. The adoption of the ASU resulted in the use of an exit price rather than an entrance price to determine the fair value of loans not measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 17 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further information regarding the valuation of these loans.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The amount of the reclassification consists of the difference between the historical corporate income tax rates and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate federal income tax rate. The amendments are effective for all entities for the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted, including interim periods in those years. The Company adopted the amendments as of December 31, 2017, which resulted in a net reclassification of $144,000 between AOCI and retained earnings.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2019

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of newly issued but not yet effective accounting standards that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU will require the earlier recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments based on an expected loss model, replacing the incurred loss model that is currently in use. Under the new guidance, an entity will measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The expected loss model will apply to loans and leases, unfunded lending commitments, held-to-maturity debt securities and other debt instruments measured at amortized cost. The impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities will require the recognition of credit losses through a valuation allowance when fair value is less than amortized cost, regardless of whether the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. The new guidance is effective on January 1, 2020. During 2109 Company completed an assessment of its CECL data and system needs, and engaged a third-party vendor to assist in developing a CECL model. The Company, in conjunction with this vendor, researched and analyzed modeling standards, loan segmentation, as well as potential external inputs to supplement our historical loss history. Model validation began in the third quarter, enabling us to complete a parallel run using second, third and fourth quarter 2019 data. The ultimate impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2020 will depend on the characteristics of the Company’s portfolios, macroeconomic conditions and forecasts, the ultimate validation of models and methodologies, and other management judgments.

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Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Allowance for Credit Losses [Abstract]

Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses by Portfolio Segment and by Impairment Methodology

The following tables show the allocation of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by portfolio segment and by impairment methodology (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Commercial Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction		Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural			Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases			Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2019	$	11,609		$	14,092	$	1,249	$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242		$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022		$	261		$	55,266
Charge-Offs		-			-		-		-			-			-			(592	)		(83	)		-			-			(675	)
Recoveries		-			38		-		13			28			-			90			52			-			-			221
Provision		(556	)		998		700		(38	)		(114	)		(166	)		312			(7	)		(860	)		(69	)		200
Ending Balance- December 31, 2019	$	11,053		$	15,128	$	1,949	$	855		$	2,675		$	8,076		$	11,466		$	456		$	3,162		$	192		$	55,012
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234			-		-		118			12			99			137			61			-			-			661
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		10,819			15,128		1,949		737			2,663			7,977			11,329			395			3,162			192			54,351
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	838,570		$	625,767	$	115,644	$	255,253		$	39,270		$	292,904		$	384,795		$	15,422		$	105,402		$	-		$	2,673,027
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,524			5,654		-		2,368			229			188			1,528			200			-			-			14,691
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		834,046			620,113		115,644		252,885			39,041			292,716			383,267			15,222			105,402			-			2,658,336

December 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agricultural Real Estate		Real Estate Construction			Residential 1st Mortgages			Home Equity Lines & Loans			Agricultural		Commercial			Consumer & Other			Leases		Unallocated			Total
Year-To-Date Allowance for Credit Losses:
Beginning Balance- January 1, 2018	$	10,922	$	12,085	$	1,846		$	815		$	2,324		$	8,159	$	9,197		$	209		$	3,363	$	1,422		$	50,342
Charge-Offs		-		-		-			(31	)		(8	)		-		(613	)		(115	)		-		-			(767	)
Recoveries		2		-		-			15			6			61		20			54			-		-			158
Provision		685		2,007		(597	)		81			439			22		3,052			346			659		(1,161	)		5,533
Ending Balance- December 31, 2018	$	11,609	$	14,092	$	1,249		$	880		$	2,761		$	8,242	$	11,656		$	494		$	4,022	$	261		$	55,266
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		234		-		-			125			15			-		185			6			-		-			565
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		11,375		14,092		1,249			755			2,746			8,242		11,471			488			4,022		261			54,701
Loans & Leases:
Ending Balance	$	826,549	$	584,625	$	98,568		$	259,736		$	40,789		$	290,463	$	343,834		$	19,412		$	107,265	$	-		$	2,571,241
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment		4,676		7,238		-			2,491			297			-		1,639			6			-		-			16,347
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		821,873		577,387		98,568			257,245			40,492			290,463		342,195			19,406			107,265		-			2,554,894

Loan & Lease Portfolio Allocated by Management's Internal Risk Ratings

The following tables show the loan & lease portfolio allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	831,941	$	6,629	$	-	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		611,792		1,136		12,839		625,767
Real Estate Construction		115,644		-		-		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		254,459		-		794		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,092		-		178		39,270
Agricultural		289,276		2,617		1,011		292,904
Commercial		380,650		3,239		906		384,795
Consumer & Other		14,934		-		488		15,422
Leases		105,402		-		-		105,402
Total	$	2,643,190	$	13,621	$	16,216	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	823,983	$	2,566	$	-	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		566,612		4,703		13,310		584,625
Real Estate Construction		98,568		-		-		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		259,208		-		528		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		40,744		-		45		40,789
Agricultural		284,561		5,433		469		290,463
Commercial		343,085		163		586		343,834
Consumer & Other		19,229		-		183		19,412
Leases		107,265		-		-		107,265
Total	$	2,543,255	$	12,865	$	15,121	$	2,571,241

Aging Analysis of Loan & Lease Portfolio by Time Past Due

The following tables show an aging analysis of the loan & lease portfolio by the time past due at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	838,570	$	838,570
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		625,767		625,767
Real Estate Construction		240		-		-		-		240		115,404		115,644
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		-		-		255,253		255,253
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		39,270		39,270
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		292,904		292,904
Commercial		77		-		-		-		77		384,718		384,795
Consumer & Other		35		-		-		-		35		15,387		15,422
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		105,402		105,402
Total	$	352	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	352	$	2,672,675	$	2,673,027

December 31, 2018	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans & Leases
Loans & Leases:
Commercial Real Estate	$	-	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	731	$	825,818	$	826,549
Agricultural Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		584,625		584,625
Real Estate Construction		327		-		-		-		327		98,241		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		367		-		-		-		367		259,369		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		-		-		-		-		-		40,789		40,789
Agricultural		-		-		-		-		-		290,463		290,463
Commercial		-		-		-		-		-		343,834		343,834
Consumer & Other		13		-		-		-		13		19,399		19,412
Leases		-		-		-		-		-		107,265		107,265
Total	$	707	$	731	$	-	$	-	$	1,438	$	2,569,803	$	2,571,241

Impaired Loans & Leases

The following tables show information related to impaired loans & leases at and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	86	$	86	$	-	$	90	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		5,654		5,654		-		6,069		379
Commercial		-		-		-		8		1
	$	5,740	$	5,740	$	-	$	6,167	$	388
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,822	$	2,822	$	234	$	2,853	$	94
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,562		1,770		74		1,601		73
Home Equity Lines and Loans		68		79		7		71		4
Agricultural		188		188		99		195		6
Commercial		1,528		1,528		137		1,554		53
Consumer & Other		200		200		61		54		-
	$	6,368	$	6,587	$	612	$	6,328	$	230
Total	$	12,108	$	12,327	$	612	$	12,495	$	618

December 31, 2018	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	95	$	96	$	-	$	99	$	8
Agricultural Real Estate		7,239		7,238		-		3,620		119
Residential 1st Mortgages		-		-		-		226		8
	$	7,334	$	7,334	$	-	$	3,945	$	135
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	2,902	$	2,892	$	234	$	2,929	$	96
Residential 1st Mortgages		1,640		1,838		82		1,371		48
Home Equity Lines and Loans		74		84		4		76		4
Commercial		1,644		1,639		185		1,834		58
Consumer & Other		6		7		6		7		-
	$	6,266	$	6,460	$	511	$	6,217	$	206
Total	$	13,600	$	13,794	$	511	$	10,162	$	341

Loans & Leases by Class Modified as Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural		1	$	201	$	201
Consumer & Other		1		195		195
Total		2	$	396	$	396

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Loans		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Agricultural Real Estate		1	$	7,239	$	7,239
Residential 1st Mortgages		2		286		255
Total		3	$	7,525	$	7,494

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Investment Securities, Securities Available-for-Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost		$ 502,693	$ 499,639
Gross unrealized gains		4,905	1,208
Gross unrealized losses		212	5,451
Fair value		507,386	495,396
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost			3,033
Gross unrealized gains			6
Gross unrealized losses			0
Fair value			3,039
US Treasury Notes [Member]
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost		54,745	164,672
Gross unrealized gains		250	0
Gross unrealized losses		0	158
Fair value		54,995	164,514
US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost		10,902	15,601
Gross unrealized gains		9	6
Gross unrealized losses		113	160
Fair value		10,798	15,447
Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost	[1]	436,531	310,982
Gross unrealized gains	[1]	4,646	1,196
Gross unrealized losses	[1]	99	5,133
Fair value	[1]	441,078	307,045
Other [Member]
Amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of securities available-for-sale [Abstract]
Amortized cost		515	5,351
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		0	0
Fair value		$ 515	$ 5,351

[1] All Mortgage Backed Securities were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government.

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Significant Accounting Policies, Loans & Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 Component Category Factor
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Consecutive months of payments to demonstrate sustained period of performance	6 months
Allowance for Credit Losses [Abstract]
Number of primary components of overall allowance for credit losses | Component	3
Number of categories into which risk ratings are grouped | Category	5
Minimum [Member]
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Period after which loans are placed on non accrual status	90 days
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Abstract]
Number of risk factors on loans	2
Agricultural [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Abstract]
Number of risk factors on loans	2

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Long-term Subordinated Debentures (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares
Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interests	$ 10.0
Liquidation value (per capital security) | $ / shares	$ 1,000
Junior Subordinated Debentures [Member]
Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 10.3
Debt instrument, maturity date	Dec. 17, 2033
Junior Subordinated Debentures [Member] | LIBOR [Member]
Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]
Term of variable rate	3 months
Basis spread on variable rate	2.85%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments to Extend Credit [Member]
Off Balance Sheet Commitments [Abstract]
Off-balance sheet risks, amount, liability	$ 919,982	$ 828,539
Letters of Credit [Member]
Off Balance Sheet Commitments [Abstract]
Off-balance sheet risks, amount, liability	$ 20,346	19,108
Letters of Credit [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Off Balance Sheet Commitments [Abstract]
Off balance sheet risks maturity period	1 month
Letters of Credit [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Off Balance Sheet Commitments [Abstract]
Off balance sheet risks maturity period	25 months
Performance Guarantees under Interest Rate Swap Contracts Entered into between our Borrowing Customers and Third Parties [Member]
Off Balance Sheet Commitments [Abstract]
Off-balance sheet risks, amount, liability	$ 1,513	$ 0

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Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]
Subtotal	$ 78,800	$ 64,071
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	33,529	31,448
Total	45,271	32,623
Depreciation and amortization	2,756	2,421	$ 2,186
Rental income	183	173	$ 169
Land and Buildings [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]
Subtotal	53,997	39,329
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]
Subtotal	21,058	21,136
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]
Subtotal	$ 3,745	$ 3,606

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cash Dividends Declared per Share of Common Stock (in dollars per share)	$ 14.20	$ 13.90	$ 13.55

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Shareholders' Equity, Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 400,258	$ 346,845
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	$ 259,028	$ 243,459
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	12.36%	11.40%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	8.00%	8.00%
Total Common Equity Tier 1 Capital [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 349,601	$ 298,588
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	$ 145,703	$ 136,945
Total Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	10.80%	9.81%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 359,601	$ 308,588
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	$ 194,271	$ 182,594
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	11.11%	10.14%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement Ratio	6.00%	6.00%
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 359,601	$ 308,588
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	$ 145,255	$ 135,949
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	9.90%	9.08%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	3.00%	3.00%
Bank [Member]
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 399,230	$ 346,763
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	259,012	243,455
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Amount	$ 323,765	$ 304,319
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	12.33%	11.39%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	8.00%	8.00%
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Ratio	10.00%	10.00%
Total Common Equity Tier 1 Capital [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 358,576	$ 308,507
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	145,694	136,944
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Amount	$ 210,447	$ 197,807
Total Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	11.08%	10.14%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Ratio	6.50%	6.50%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 358,576	$ 308,507
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	194,259	182,591
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Amount	$ 259,012	$ 243,455
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	11.08%	10.14%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement Ratio	6.00%	6.00%
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Ratio	8.00%	8.00%
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets [Abstract]
Actual Amount	$ 358,576	$ 308,507
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Amount	145,079	134,822
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Amount	$ 181,349	$ 168,527
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets, Ratio [Abstract]
Actual Ratio	9.89%	9.15%
Current Regulatory Capital Requirement, Ratio	3.00%	3.00%
Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action, Ratio	5.00%	5.00%

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Fair Value Measurements, Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		$ 507,386	$ 495,396
Transfer into Level 3		0
Transfer out of Level 3		0
Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale			3,039
US Treasury Notes [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		54,995	164,514
US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		10,798	15,447
Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale	[1]	441,078	307,045
Recurring [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		507,386	495,396
Recurring [Member] | Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale			3,039
Recurring [Member] | US Treasury Notes [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		54,995	164,514
Recurring [Member] | US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		10,798	15,447
Recurring [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		441,078	307,045
Recurring [Member] | Other [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		515	5,351
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		55,200	164,716
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale			0
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | US Treasury Notes [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		54,995	164,514
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Other [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		205	202
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		452,186	325,841
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale			3,039
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | US Treasury Notes [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		10,798	15,447
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		441,078	307,045
Recurring [Member] | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Other [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		310	310
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	4,839
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Government Agency & Government-Sponsored Entities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale			0
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | US Treasury Notes [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | US Government Agency SBA [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		0	0
Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Other [Member]
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis by Fair Value Hierarchy [Abstract]
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale		$ 0	$ 4,839

[1] All Mortgage Backed Securities were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. government.

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred Stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,500,000	7,500,000
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)	793,033	783,721
Common Stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	793,033	783,721

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Income Taxes, Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Tax Provision at Federal Statutory Rate									$ 15,816	$ 12,543	$ 19,068
Interest on Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions exempt from Federal Taxation									(358)	(338)	(617)
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Benefit									6,304	4,791	3,573
Bank Owned Life Insurance									(460)	(434)	(696)
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit									(2,078)	(1,624)	(1,546)
Out of Period Adjustment									0	(802)	0
Deferred Tax Asset Remeasurement									0	0	6,256
Other, Net									53	67	73
Total Provision for Taxes	$ 5,037	$ 4,660	$ 4,903	$ 4,677	$ 4,258	$ 2,995	$ 3,589	$ 3,361	$ 19,277	$ 14,203	$ 26,111
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Tax Provision at Federal Statutory Rate									21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Interest on Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions exempt from Federal Taxation									(0.50%)	(0.60%)	(1.10%)
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Benefit									8.40%	7.90%	6.50%
Bank Owned Life Insurance									(0.60%)	(0.70%)	(1.30%)
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit									(2.80%)	(2.70%)	(2.80%)
Out of Period Adjustment									(0.00%)	(1.30%)	(0.00%)
Deferred Tax Asset Remeasurement									0.00%	0.00%	11.50%
Other, Net									0.10%	0.10%	0.10%
Total Provision for Taxes									25.60%	23.80%	47.90%

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Other Real Estate

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Other Real Estate [Abstract]

Other Real Estate

7. Other Real Estate

The Bank reported $873,000 in other real estate at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018. Other real estate includes property no longer utilized for business operations and property acquired through foreclosure proceedings. These properties are carried at fair value less selling costs determined at the date acquired. Losses, if any, arising from properties acquired through foreclosure are charged against the allowance for loan losses at the time of foreclosure. Subsequent declines in value, periodic holding costs, and net gains or losses on disposition are included in other operating expense as incurred. Other real estate is reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost [Abstract]

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost

3. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Other Equity Securities, at Cost

The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock and other equity securities are carried at cost, classified as restricted securities, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. FHLB stock and other equity securities are reported in Interest Receivable and Other Assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $12.7 million at December 31, 2019 and $12.6 million at December 31, 2018.

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Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances [Abstract]

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

11. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

The Company had no short-term or long-term advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

In accordance with the Collateral Pledge and Security Agreement, advances are secured by all FHLB stock held by the Company. At December 31, 2019, $793.5 million in loans were approved for pledging as collateral on borrowing lines with the FHLB. The borrowing capacity on these loans was $668.4 million.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for financial information.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, F & M Bancorp, Inc. and the Bank, along with the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Farmers & Merchants Investment Corporation and Farmers/Merchants Corp. Significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain amounts in the prior years’ financial statements and related footnote disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or total shareholders’ equity.

New Accounting Changes

New Accounting Changes

The FASB issued guidance in February 2016, with amendments in 2018 and 2019, which changed the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for most leases where we are the lessee in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guidance also made some changes to lessor accounting, including the elimination of the use of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test, and overall aligns with the new revenue recognition guidance. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the consolidated balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption with the option to elect certain practical expedients. The Company elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs (IDC’s). From a lessor perspective, the changes in lease termination guidance, IDC and removal of third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial results. We adopted ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the cumulative effect transition approach. The cumulative effect transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and not restated comparative periods; rather the effect of the change is recorded at the beginning of the year of adoption.  The Company elected the ASU’s package of three practical expedients, which allowed the Company to forego a reassessment of (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company elected the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component and the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability.

Our operating leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches. As a result of implementing ASU 2016-02, we recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $4.73 million and an operating lease liability of $4.73 million on January 1, 2019, with no impact on our consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows compared to the prior lease accounting model. The ROU asset and operating lease liability are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 19 – “Leases” for additional information.

Out of Period Adjustment

Out of Period Adjustment

During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, while preparing 2017 tax returns, the Company identified certain items related to IRS Code Section 162(m) that were not appropriately reflected in the 2014 through 2017 Provision for Income Taxes. To reflect this change, the cumulative impact of $990,000 was recognized by reducing the Company’s Provision for Income Taxes in the third quarter of 2018.  After evaluating the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the adjustment, the Company concluded that its 2017 financial statements were not materially misstated and, therefore, no restatement was required.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The Company elected to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption however, periods prior to the date of adoption will not be retrospectively revised, as the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption was not material.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is limited judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company has defined cash and cash equivalents as those amounts included in the balance sheet captions Cash and Due from Banks, Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks and Federal Funds Sold, which have original maturity dates of 3 months or less. For these instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified at the time of purchase as held-to-maturity (“HTM”) if it is management’s intent and the Company has the ability to hold the securities until maturity. These securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount using a level yield of interest over the estimated remaining period until maturity. Losses, reflecting a decline in value judged by the Company to be other than temporary, are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Securities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) if it is management’s intent, at the time of purchase, to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time and/or to use the securities as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy. These securities are reported at fair value with aggregate unrealized gains or losses excluded from income and included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of related income taxes. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or broker/dealer price quotations on a specific identification basis. Gains or losses on the sale of these securities are computed using the specific identification method.

Trading securities, if any, are acquired for short-term appreciation and are recorded in a trading portfolio and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in non-interest income.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement; and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

For equity securities, the entire amount of a market adjustment is recognized through earnings.

Loans & Leases

Loans & Leases

Loans & leases are reported at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned discounts and deferred loan & lease fees and costs. Interest income on loans & leases is accrued daily on the outstanding balances using the simple interest method. Loan & lease origination fees are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan or lease as an adjustment to the yield. Loans & leases are placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when they become past due for 90 days or more unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. For this purpose, a loan or lease is considered well-secured if it is collateralized by property having a net realizable value in excess of the amount of the loan or lease or is guaranteed by a financially capable party. When a loan or lease is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and charged against current income; thereafter, interest income is recognized only as it is collected in cash. Additionally, cash would be applied to principal if all principal was not expected to be collected. Loans & leases placed on non-accrual status are returned to accrual status when the loans or leases are paid current as to principal and interest and future payments are expected to be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan or lease.

A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Impaired loans & leases are either: (1) non-accrual loans & leases; or (2) restructured loans & leases that are still accruing interest. Loans or leases determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan or lease is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan or lease’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan or lease’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent. A loan or lease is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan or lease is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.

A restructuring of a loan or lease constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s (the term “borrower” is used herein to describe a customer who has entered into either a loan or lease transaction) financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans & leases typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. If the restructured loan or lease was current on all payments at the time of restructure and management reasonably expects the borrower will continue to perform after the restructure, management may keep the loan or lease on accrual. Loans & leases that are on nonaccrual status at the time they become TDR, remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, which the Company generally believes to be six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent. A loan or lease can be removed from TDR status if it was restructured at a market rate in a prior calendar year and is currently in compliance with its modified terms. However, these loans or leases continue to be classified as impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment as described above.

Generally, the Company will not restructure loans or leases for borrowers unless: (1) the existing loan or lease is brought current as to principal and interest payments; and (2) the restructured loan or lease can be underwritten to reasonable underwriting standards. If these standards are not met other actions will be pursued (e.g., foreclosure) to collect outstanding loan or lease amounts. After restructure, a determination is made whether the loan or lease will be kept on accrual status based upon the underwriting and historical performance of the restructured credit.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Company’s loan & lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan & lease growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of three primary components: specific reserves related to impaired loans & leases; general reserves for inherent losses related to loans & leases that are not impaired; and an unallocated component that takes into account the imprecision in estimating and allocating allowance balances associated with macro factors.

The determination of the general reserve for loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment is based on estimates made by management, to include, but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment, internal asset classifications, qualitative factors that include economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan & lease portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment (loan & lease type). These portfolio segments include: (1) commercial real estate; (2) agricultural real estate; (3) real estate construction (including land and development loans); (4) residential 1^st mortgages; (5) home equity lines and loans; (6) agricultural; (7) commercial; (8) consumer and other; and (9) equipment leases. The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both individually evaluated impaired loans & leases and loans & leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, which is included on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans & leases and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans & leases over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and assess overall collectability. For smaller balance loans & leases, such as consumer and residential real estate, a credit grade is established at inception, and then updated only when the loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent or when the borrower requests a modification. For larger balance loans, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans & leases. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan or lease. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company. The risk ratings can be grouped into five major categories, defined as follows:

Pass – A pass loan or lease is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Special Mention – A special mention loan or lease has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans & leases are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard loan or lease is not adequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans or leases classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well-defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations.They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful –Loans or leases classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss – Loans or leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible. Once a loan or lease becomes delinquent and repayment becomes questionable, the Company will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral. If this is not forthcoming and payment in full is unlikely, the Company will estimate its probable loss and immediately charge-off some or all of the balance.

The general reserve component of the allowance for credit losses also consists of reserve factors that are based on management’s assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) inherent credit risk; (2) historical losses; and (3) other qualitative factors. These reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment described below:

Commercial Real Estate – Commercial real estate mortgage loans are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations.

Real Estate Construction – Real estate construction loans, including land loans, are generally considered to possess a higher inherent risk of loss than the Company’s commercial, agricultural and consumer loan types. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and time lines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.

Commercial – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss because they are shorter-term; typically made to relationship customers; generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses; and may be collateralized by fixed assets, inventory and/or accounts receivable. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans.

Agricultural Real Estate and Agricultural – These loans are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss since they are typically made to relationship customers and are secured by crop production, livestock and related real estate. These loans are vulnerable to two risk factors that are largely outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.

Leases – Equipment leases are generally considered to possess a moderate inherent risk of loss. As lessor, the Company is subject to both the credit risk of the borrower and the residual value risk of the equipment. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease.

Residential 1st Mortgages and Home Equity Lines and Loans – These loans are generally considered to possess a lower inherent risk of loss. The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

Consumer & Other – A consumer installment loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of small loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most installment loans are made for consumer purchases. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relative risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s and Bank’s regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”), the California Department of Business Oversight (“DBO”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

Acquired Loans

Acquired Loans

Loans acquired through purchase or through a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts, which reflect estimates of credit losses, expected to be incurred over the life of the loan, are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company also maintains a separate allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments. Management estimates anticipated losses using historical data and utilization assumptions. The allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments is included in Interest Payable and Other Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

Premises, equipment, and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of buildings range from 30 to 40 years, and for furniture and equipment from 3 to 7 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the terms of the respective leases, or their useful lives, which are generally 5 to 10 years. Remodeling and capital improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repairs are charged directly to occupancy expense.

Other Real Estate

Other Real Estate

Other real estate, which is included in other assets, is expected to be sold and is comprised of properties no longer utilized for business operations and property acquired through foreclosure in satisfaction of indebtedness. These properties are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs upon acquisition. Revised estimates to the fair value less cost to sell are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of the asset, provided that such adjusted value is not in excess of the carrying amount at acquisition. Initial losses on properties acquired through full or partial satisfaction of debt are treated as credit losses and charged to the allowance for credit losses at the time of acquisition. Subsequent declines in value from the recorded amounts, routine holding costs, and gains or losses upon disposition, if any, are included in non-interest expense as incurred.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. The deferred provision for income taxes is the result of the net change in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balances during the year. This amount combined with the current taxes payable or refundable results in the income tax expense for the current year.

The Company follows the standards set forth in the “Income Taxes” topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. This standard prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

The Company accounts for leases with Investment Tax Credits (ITC) under the deferred method as established in ASC 740-10. ITC are viewed and accounted for as a reduction of the cost of the related assets and presented as deferred income on the Company’s financial statement.

The Company accounts for its interest in LIHTC using the cost method as established in ASC 323-740. As an investor, the Company obtains income tax credits and deductions from the operating losses of these tax credit entities. The income tax credits and deductions are allocated to the investors based on their ownership percentages and are recorded as a reduction of income tax expense (or an increase to income tax benefit) and a reduction of federal income taxes payable.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has no material uncertain tax positions and recognized no interest or penalties.  The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes in the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The Company’s common stock is not traded on any exchange. However, trades are reported on the OTCQX under the symbol “FMCB”. The shares are primarily held by local residents and are not actively traded. Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. There are no common stock equivalent shares. Therefore, there is no presentation of diluted basic earnings per common share. See Note 14 - “Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share” for additional information.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

The “Segment Reporting” topic of the FASB ASC requires that public companies report certain information about operating segments. It also requires that public companies report certain information about their products and services, the geographic areas in which they operate, and their major customers. The Company is a holding company for a community bank, which offers a wide array of products and services to its customers. Pursuant to its banking strategy, emphasis is placed on building relationships with its customers, as opposed to building specific lines of business. As a result, the Company is not organized around discernible lines of business and prefers to work as an integrated unit to customize solutions for its customers, with business line emphasis and product offerings changing over time as needs and demands change.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

The “Comprehensive Income” topic of the FASB ASC establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that U.S. GAAP recognize as changes in value to an enterprise but are excluded from net income. For the Company, comprehensive income includes net income and changes in fair value of its available-for-sale investment securities.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Business Combinations and Related Matters

Business Combinations And Related Matters

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes 100 percent of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, regardless of the percentage owned, at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the fair value over the purchase price of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as bargain purchase gain. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the statement of operations from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion charges, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill that arises from a business combination is periodically evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, at least annually. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Core deposit intangible (“CDI”) represents the estimated future benefit of deposits related to an acquisition and is booked separately from the related deposits and evaluated periodically for impairment. The CDI asset is amortized on a straight-line method over its estimated useful life of ten years. At December 31, 2019, the future estimated amortization expense for the CDI arising from our past acquisitions is as follows:

(in thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Core Deposit Intangible Amortization	$	626	$	611	$	593	$	573	$	549	$	1,688	$	4,640

We make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit where goodwill is assigned is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying amount, no impairment is recorded. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an interim basis if circumstances change or an event occurs between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment includes adverse events or circumstances identified that could negatively affect the reporting units’ fair value as well as positive and mitigating events. Such indicators may include, among others, a significant change in legal factors or in the general business climate, significant change in our stock price and market capitalization, unanticipated competition, and an action or assessment by a regulator. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value is recognized. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

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Loans & Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans & Leases [Abstract]

Loans and Leases

Loans & leases as of December 31 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	2019		2018
Commercial Real Estate	$	846,486	$	834,476
Agricultural Real Estate		625,767		584,625
Real Estate Construction		115,644		98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages		255,253		259,736
Home Equity Lines and Loans		39,270		40,789
Agricultural		292,904		290,463
Commercial		384,795		343,834
Consumer & Other		15,422		19,412
Leases		104,470		106,217
Total Gross Loans & Leases		2,680,011		2,578,120
Less: Unearned Income		6,984		6,879
Subtotal		2,673,027		2,571,241
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses		55,012		55,266
Loans & Leases, Net	$	2,618,015	$	2,515,975

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

19. Leases

Lessee – Operating Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” for all open leases with a term greater than one year as of the adoption date, using the modified retrospective approach. Prior comparable periods are presented in accordance with previous guidance under Accounting Standards Codification 840.

Operating leases in which we are the lessee are recorded as operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities, included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. We do not currently have any significant finance leases in which we are the lessee.

Operating lease ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. ROU assets are further adjusted for lease incentives. Operating lease expense, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is recorded net in occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Our leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches with remaining lease terms of generally 1 to 10 years. Certain lease arrangements contain extension options which typically range from 5 to 10 years at the then fair market rental rates. ASC 842 requires lessees to evaluate whether option periods, if available, will be exercised in order to determine the full life of the lease. The Company used the first option period, unless it is a relatively new lease that has a long initial lease term or other extenuating circumstances.

As of December 31, 2019, operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were $4.98 million and $5.03 million, respectively. Operating lease expenses that were in scope of ASU 2016-02 totaled $836,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The table below summarizes the information related to our operating leases:

(in thousands except for percent and period data)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities
Operating Cash Flow from Operating Leases	$	783
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities	$	5,645
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases, in Years		7.88
Weighted-Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases		3.2	%

The table below summarizes the maturity of remaining lease liability:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019
2020		795
2021		719
2022		686
2023		697
2024		707
2025 and thereafter		2,105
Total Lease Payments		5,709
Less: Interest		(679	)
Present Value of Lease Liabilities	$	5,030

As of December 31, 2019, we have no additional operating leases for office space that have not yet commenced or that are anticipated to commence during the first quarter of 2020.

Lessor - Direct Financing Leases

The Company is the lessor in direct finance lease arrangements. Leases are recorded at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income and charge-offs.  Interest income is recognized using the interest method. Leases typically have a maturity of three to ten years, and fixed rates that are most often tied to treasury indices with an appropriate spread based on the amount of perceived risk. Credit risks are underwritten using the same credit criteria the Company would use when making an equipment term loan. Residual value risk is managed through the use of qualified, independent appraisers that establish the residual values the Company uses in structuring a lease. The impact of adopting Topic 842 for lessor accounting was not significant.

Lease payments due to the Company are typically fixed and paid in equal installments over the lease term. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate (e.g., property taxes) that are paid directly by the Company are minimal. The majority of property taxes are paid directly by the client to a third party and are not considered part of variable payments and therefore are not recorded by the Company.

As a lessor, the Company leases certain types of agriculture equipment, solar equipment, construction equipment and other equipment to its customers. The Company’s net investment in direct financing leases was $105.4 million at December 31, 2019 and $107.3 million at December 31, 2018.

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Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Employee Benefit Plans [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

15. Employee Benefit Plans

Profit Sharing Plan

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors a Profit Sharing Plan for substantially all full-time employees of the Company with one or more years of service. Participants receive up to two annual employer contributions, one is discretionary and the other is mandatory. The discretionary contributions to the Profit Sharing Plan are determined annually by the Board of Directors. The discretionary contributions totaled $1.4 million, $1.2 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The mandatory contributions to the Profit Sharing Plan are made according to a predetermined set of criteria. Mandatory contributions totaled $1.6 million, $1.4 million, and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Company employees are permitted, within limitations imposed by tax law, to make pretax contributions and after tax (Roth) contributions to the 401(k) feature of the Profit Sharing Plan. The Company does not match employee contributions within the 401(k) feature of the Profit Sharing Plan and the Company can terminate the Profit Sharing Plan at any time. Benefits pursuant to the Profit Sharing Plan vest 0% during the first year of participation, 25% per full year thereafter and after five years such benefits are fully vested.

Executive Retirement Plan and Life Insurance Arrangements

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors an Executive Retirement Plan for certain executive level employees. The Executive Retirement Plan is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan and was developed to supplement the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan, which, as a qualified retirement plan, has a ceiling on benefits as set by the Internal Revenue Service. The Plan is comprised of: (1) a Performance Component which makes contributions based upon long-term cumulative profitability and increase in market value of the Company; (2) a Salary Component which makes contributions based upon participant salary levels; and (3) an Equity Component for which contributions are discretionary and subject to Board of Directors approval. Executive Retirement Plan contributions are invested in a mix of financial instruments; however, the Equity Component contributions are invested primarily in stock of the Company.

The Company expensed $6.6 million to the Executive Retirement Plan during the year ended December 31, 2019, $6.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 and $4.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s total accrued liability under the Executive Retirement Plan was $58.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and $48.5 million as of December 31, 2018. All amounts have been fully funded into a Rabbi Trust as of December 31, 2019. The investments held in the Rabbi Trust are recorded at fair value with changes in unrealized gains or losses recorded within non-interest income and the equal and offsetting charges in the related liability are recorded in non-interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Net gains on deferred compensation plan investments were $2.6 million in 2019 compared to net gains of $1.1 million in 2018. Balances in non-qualified deferred compensation plans may be invested in financial instruments whose market value fluctuates based upon trends in interest rates and stock prices.

The Company has purchased single premium life insurance policies on the lives of certain key employees of the Company. These policies provide: (1) financial protection to the Company in the event of the death of a key employee; and (2) significant income to the Company to offset the expense associated with the Executive Retirement Plan and other employee benefit plans, since the interest earned on the cash surrender value of the policies is tax exempt as long as the policies are used to finance employee benefits. As compensation to each employee for agreeing to allow the Company to purchase an insurance policy on his or her life, split dollar agreements have been entered into with those employees. These agreements provide for a division of the life insurance death proceeds between the Company and each employee’s designated beneficiary or beneficiaries.

The Company earned tax-exempt interest on the life insurance policies of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the total cash surrender value of the insurance policies was $67.1 million and $65.1 million, respectively.

Senior Management Retention Plan

The Company, through the Bank, sponsors a Senior Management Retention Plan (“SMRP”) for certain senior level employees. The SMRP is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan and was developed to supplement the Company’s Profit Sharing Plan, which, as a qualified retirement plan, has a ceiling on benefits as set by the Internal Revenue Service. All contributions are discretionary and subject to the Board of Directors approval. Contributions are invested primarily in stock of the Company. The Company expensed $1.3 million to the SMRP during the year ended December 31, 2019, $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 and $765,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s total accrued liability under the SMRP was $8.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and $5.7 million as of December 31, 2018. All amounts have been fully funded into a Rabbi Trust as of December 31, 2019.

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Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Dividends and Basic Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]

Calculation of Basic Earnings per Common Share

The following table calculates the basic earnings per common share for the periods indicated.

(net income in thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net Income	$	56,036	$	45,527	$	28,370
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding		787,227		801,229		809,834
Basic Earnings Per Common Share	$	71.18	$	56.82	$	35.03

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Information Related to Operating Leases

The table below summarizes the information related to our operating leases:

(in thousands except for percent and period data)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities
Operating Cash Flow from Operating Leases	$	783
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities	$	5,645
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases, in Years		7.88
Weighted-Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases		3.2	%

Maturity of Remaining Lease Liability

The table below summarizes the maturity of remaining lease liability:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2019
2020		795
2021		719
2022		686
2023		697
2024		707
2025 and thereafter		2,105
Total Lease Payments		5,709
Less: Interest		(679	)
Present Value of Lease Liabilities	$	5,030

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Allowance for Credit Losses, Allocation of The Allowance For Loan Losses by Portfolio Segment and By Impairment Methodology (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				$ 55,266				$ 50,342	$ 55,266	$ 50,342
Charge-Offs									(675)	(767)
Recoveries									221	158
Provision	$ 0	$ 0	$ 200	0	$ 2,200	$ 2,500	$ 500	333	200	5,533	$ 2,850
Ending Balance	55,012				55,266				55,012	55,266	50,342
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	661				565				661	565
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	54,351				54,701				54,351	54,701
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	2,673,027				2,571,241				2,673,027	2,571,241
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	14,691				16,347				14,691	16,347
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	2,658,336				2,554,894				2,658,336	2,554,894
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				11,609				10,922	11,609	10,922
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									0	2
Provision									(556)	685
Ending Balance	11,053				11,609				11,053	11,609	10,922
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	234				234				234	234
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	10,819				11,375				10,819	11,375
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	838,570				826,549				838,570	826,549
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	4,524				4,676				4,524	4,676
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	834,046				821,873				834,046	821,873
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				14,092				12,085	14,092	12,085
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									38	0
Provision									998	2,007
Ending Balance	15,128				14,092				15,128	14,092	12,085
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	15,128				14,092				15,128	14,092
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	625,767				584,625				625,767	584,625
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	5,654				7,238				5,654	7,238
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	620,113				577,387				620,113	577,387
Real Estate Construction [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				1,249				1,846	1,249	1,846
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									0	0
Provision									700	(597)
Ending Balance	1,949				1,249				1,949	1,249	1,846
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	1,949				1,249				1,949	1,249
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	115,644				98,568				115,644	98,568
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	115,644				98,568				115,644	98,568
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				880				815	880	815
Charge-Offs									0	(31)
Recoveries									13	15
Provision									(38)	81
Ending Balance	855				880				855	880	815
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	118				125				118	125
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	737				755				737	755
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	255,253				259,736				255,253	259,736
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	2,368				2,491				2,368	2,491
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	252,885				257,245				252,885	257,245
Home Equity Lines and Loans [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				2,761				2,324	2,761	2,324
Charge-Offs									0	(8)
Recoveries									28	6
Provision									(114)	439
Ending Balance	2,675				2,761				2,675	2,761	2,324
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	12				15				12	15
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	2,663				2,746				2,663	2,746
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	39,270				40,789				39,270	40,789
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	229				297				229	297
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	39,041				40,492				39,041	40,492
Agricultural [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				8,242				8,159	8,242	8,159
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									0	61
Provision									(166)	22
Ending Balance	8,076				8,242				8,076	8,242	8,159
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	99				0				99	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	7,977				8,242				7,977	8,242
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	292,904				290,463				292,904	290,463
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	188				0				188	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	292,716				290,463				292,716	290,463
Commercial [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				11,656				9,197	11,656	9,197
Charge-Offs									(592)	(613)
Recoveries									90	20
Provision									312	3,052
Ending Balance	11,466				11,656				11,466	11,656	9,197
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	137				185				137	185
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	11,329				11,471				11,329	11,471
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	384,795				343,834				384,795	343,834
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	1,528				1,639				1,528	1,639
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	383,267				342,195				383,267	342,195
Consumer & Other [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				494				209	494	209
Charge-Offs									(83)	(115)
Recoveries									52	54
Provision									(7)	346
Ending Balance	456				494				456	494	209
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	61				6				61	6
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	395				488				395	488
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	15,422				19,412				15,422	19,412
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	200				6				200	6
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	15,222				19,406				15,222	19,406
Leases [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				4,022				3,363	4,022	3,363
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									0	0
Provision									(860)	659
Ending Balance	3,162				4,022				3,162	4,022	3,363
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	3,162				4,022				3,162	4,022
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	105,402				107,265				105,402	107,265
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	105,402				107,265				105,402	107,265
Unallocated [Member]
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				$ 261				$ 1,422	261	1,422
Charge-Offs									0	0
Recoveries									0	0
Provision									(69)	(1,161)
Ending Balance	192				261				192	261	$ 1,422
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	192				261				192	261
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Ending Balance Collectively Evaluated for Impairment	0				0				0	0
Restructured Loans [Member]
Loans & Leases [Abstract]
Ending Balance Individually Evaluated for Impairment	$ 2,600				$ 2,800				$ 2,600	$ 2,800

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Parent Company Financial Information, Condensed Statements of Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Condensed Statements of Income [Abstract]
Interest Income	$ 35,654	$ 35,280	$ 35,373	$ 34,207	$ 34,188	$ 31,908	$ 30,501	$ 28,906	$ 140,514	$ 125,503	$ 108,323
Tax Benefit	(5,037)	(4,660)	(4,903)	(4,677)	(4,258)	(2,995)	(3,589)	(3,361)	(19,277)	(14,203)	(26,111)
Net Income	$ 14,644	$ 13,738	$ 14,105	$ 13,549	$ 13,036	$ 12,000	$ 10,550	$ 9,941	56,036	45,527	28,370
Parent Company [Member]
Condensed Statements of Income [Abstract]
Equity (Loss) in Undistributed Earnings in Farmers & Merchants Bank of Central California									44,571	(26,488)	5,575
Dividends from Subsidiary									13,166	73,010	23,575
Interest Income									17	16	13
Other Expenses, Net									(2,416)	(1,527)	(1,552)
Tax Benefit									698	516	759
Net Income									$ 56,036	$ 45,527	$ 28,370

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Leases, Maturity of Remaining Lease Liability (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Maturity of Remaining Lease Liability [Abstract]
2020	$ 795
2021	719
2022	686
2023	697
2024	707
2025 and thereafter	2,105
Total Lease Payments	5,709
Less: Interest	(679)
Present Value of Lease Liabilities	$ 5,030

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Investment Securities, Proceeds From Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Proceeds from sales and calls of securities [Abstract]
Proceeds	$ 5,300	$ 99,323	$ 7,831
Gains	1	78	143
Losses	$ 0	$ 1,338	$ 12

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Allowance for Credit Losses, Loans by Class Modified as Troubled Debt Restructured Loans (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Loan	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Loan
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Specific reserves allocated to troubled debt restructured loans & leases	$ 612	$ 511
Commitments to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings	$ 0	$ 0
Loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans [Abstract]
Number of Loans | Loan	2	3
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 396	$ 7,525
Post-Modification Recorded Outstanding Investment	396	7,494
Increase in allowance for loan losses due to TDR	101
TDR's charge-offs	$ 0	$ 31
Number of loans modified as troubled debt restructurings with subsequent payment defaults | Loan	0	0
Threshold period after which loan is considered to be in payment default	90 days
Stated Interest Rate Reduction [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Period of modifications	5 years
Extended Maturity [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Period of modifications	10 years
Extended Maturity [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Period of modifications	3 months
Extended Maturity [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Period of modifications	6 years
Performing [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans [Abstract]
Troubled debt restructured loans	$ 12,100	$ 13,600
Agricultural [Member]
Loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans [Abstract]
Number of Loans | Loan	1
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 201
Post-Modification Recorded Outstanding Investment	$ 201
Agricultural Real Estate [Member]
Loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans [Abstract]
Number of Loans | Loan		1
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		$ 7,239
Post-Modification Recorded Outstanding Investment		$ 7,239
Residential 1st Mortgages [Member]
Loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans [Abstract]
Number of Loans | Loan		2
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		$ 286
Post-Modification Recorded Outstanding Investment		$ 255
Consumer & Other [Member]
Loans by class modified as troubled debt restructured loans [Abstract]
Number of Loans | Loan	1
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	$ 195
Post-Modification Recorded Outstanding Investment	$ 195