Fair Value Measurements

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the “exit price”). The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of each level:


•	Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.


•	Level 3: Unobservable inputs, including inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

Financial Instruments Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2015
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	—	$	715		$	—		$	715
Liabilities
Foreign currency exchange contracts	—		(1,010		)	—			(1,010		)
Temporary Equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		—			(26,934		)	(26,934		)



	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	—	$	768		$	—		$	768
Liabilities
Foreign currency exchange contracts	—		(1,037		)	—			(1,037		)
Temporary Equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		—			(28,885		)	(28,885		)

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts:

The Company uses foreign currency exchange contracts to minimize its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Fair values of these derivative instruments are estimated using industry standard valuation models. These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including foreign currency exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests:

Some minority shareholders in certain subsidiaries of the Company have the right, at certain times, to require the Company to acquire their ownership interest in those entities at fair value and, in some cases, to force a sale of the subsidiary if the Company chooses not to purchase their interests at fair value. The noncontrolling interests subject to these arrangements are included in temporary equity as redeemable noncontrolling interests, and are adjusted to their estimated redemption amounts each reporting period with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Future reductions in the carrying amounts are subject to a “floor” amount that is equal to the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the time they were originally recorded. The recorded value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests cannot go below the floor level. These adjustments do not affect the calculation of earnings per share.

The components of the change in the redeemable noncontrolling interests for the periods ended September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are presented in the following table (in thousands):



	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	26,564
Initial redeemable noncontrolling interest related to business combinations	4,997
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(4,513		)
Adjustment of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to fair value	5,730
Effect of foreign currency translation attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(3,893		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	28,885
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(316		)
Adjustment of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to fair value	1,323
Effect of foreign currency translation attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(2,958		)
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	26,934

Financial Instruments Not Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

Investment in Receivable Portfolios:

The Company records its investment in receivable portfolios at cost, which represents a significant discount from the contractual receivable balances due. The Company computes the fair value of its investment in receivable portfolios by discounting the estimated future cash flows generated by its proprietary forecasting models. The key inputs include the estimated future gross cash flow, average cost to collect, and discount rate. In accordance with authoritative guidance related to fair value measurements, the Company estimates the average cost to collect and discount rates based on its estimate of what a market participant might use in valuing these portfolios. The determination of such inputs requires significant judgment, including assessing the assumed market participant’s cost structure, its determination of whether to include fixed costs in its valuation, its collection strategies, and determining the appropriate weighted average cost of capital. The Company evaluates the use of these key inputs on an ongoing basis and refines the data as it continues to obtain better information from market participants in the debt recovery and purchasing business.

In the Company’s current analysis, the estimated blended market participant cost to collect and discount rate is approximately 50.3% and 12.0%, respectively, for United States portfolios, and approximately 30.0% and 13.4%, respectively, for Europe portfolios. Using this method, the fair value of investment in receivable portfolios approximates the carrying value as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. A 100 basis point fluctuation in the cost to collect and discount rate used would result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of United States and Europe portfolios by approximately $41.2 million and $57.5 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2015. This fair value calculation does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company or the amount which could be realized if its investment in receivable portfolios were sold. The carrying value of the investment in receivable portfolios was $2.3 billion and $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Deferred Court Costs:

The Company capitalizes deferred court costs and provides a reserve for those costs that it believes will ultimately be uncollectible. The carrying value of net deferred court costs approximates fair value.

Receivables Secured By Property Tax Liens:

The fair value of receivables secured by property tax liens is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of the portfolio using a discount rate equivalent to the current rate at which similar portfolios would be originated. For tax liens purchased directly from taxing authorities, the fair value is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows of the portfolio using a discount rate equivalent to the interest rate expected when acquiring these tax liens. The carrying value of receivables secured by property tax liens approximates fair value. Additionally, the carrying value of the related interest receivable also approximates fair value.

Debt:

Encore’s senior secured notes and borrowings under its revolving credit and term loan facilities are carried at historical amounts, adjusted for additional borrowings less principal repayments, which approximate fair value.

Encore’s convertible senior notes are carried at historical cost, adjusted for the debt discount. The carrying value of the convertible senior notes was $448.5 million less debt discount of $44.3 million as of September 30, 2015, and $448.5 million less debt discount of $51.2 million as of December 31, 2014, respectively. The fair value estimate for these convertible senior notes, which incorporates quoted market prices, was approximately $451.9 million and $507.4 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Propel’s borrowings under its revolving credit facilities, term loan facility, and securitized notes are carried at historical amounts, adjusted for additional borrowings less principal repayments, which approximate fair value.

The carrying value of the Cabot and Marlin senior secured notes was $1.1 billion, including debt premium of $57.4 million and $1.1 billion, including debt premium of $67.3 million, as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The fair value estimate for these senior notes, which incorporates quoted market prices, approximated the carrying value as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Cabot’s borrowings under its senior revolving credit facility and senior secured bridge loan facility, entered into in June 2015 in connection with the dlc Acquisition, are carried at historical amounts, adjusted for additional borrowings less principal repayments, which approximates fair value.

The Company’s preferred equity certificates are legal obligations to the noncontrolling shareholders of two of its subsidiaries, Janus Holdings and Cabot Holdings. They are carried at the face amount, plus any accrued interest. The Company determined, at the time of the acquisition of a controlling interest in Cabot (the “Cabot Acquisition”) and at September 30, 2015, that the carrying value of these preferred equity certificates approximates fair value.