2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying interim financial statements are condensed and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s latest annual financial statements. It is management’s opinion that all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods have been made, and all such adjustments were of a normal recurring nature.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2015, the Company had an accumulated deficit since inception of $49,699,046 and had a negative working capital of $5,348,368. As of May 4, 2015, we had remaining cash of $2,300,849 (which includes $1,000,000 of minimum cash reserves (see discussion, Note 6), which is intended to serve as additional collateral pursuant to the terms of our revenue share and note purchase agreement, as amended and restated (the “Fortress Agreement”), with Fortress Investment Group, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “Fortress”). These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. While the Company entered into its first license agreement in February 2015 and received an additional drawdown from the Fortress Agreement of $1,199,500 as a result of entering into the license agreement, our continuation as a going concern is dependent both on achieving additional licensing revenue from our patent portfolios and/or obtaining additional financing on terms acceptable to us. We will seek to continue our operations primarily with income received through licensing revenues, but we may need to seek additional financing capital through loans, subject to the restrictions of the Fortress Agreement, and/or the sale of securities. If we are required to raise additional financing capital, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional such capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. Additionally, if we raise capital through the issuance of equity, our current stockholders will experience dilution.

The business may require significant amounts of capital over the next twelve months to sustain operations and make the investments it needs to continue operations and execute its longer term business plan. We believe our working capital expenses will be approximately $6.8 million for the next twelve months, which amount consists of approximately $2.5 million in employee related costs (an approximate 30% decrease from our previous forecast disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K), $1.3 million in patent maintenance and prosecution fees, $2.0 million in other operational costs and $1 million of payments relating to the acquisition of our patent portfolios. Also during the next twelve months, approximately $1.6 million in debt servicing fees will be payable to Fortress. Based on the foregoing and our existing cash balances and proactive measures to reduce expenses and defer obligations where possible, our management believes we have funds sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for less than five months.

To date, the Company has acquired an aggregate of approximately 755 currently active patents and patent applications for aggregate purchase payments of $12,109,118. We will be required to pay unconditional guaranteed payments to the sellers of the patents of an aggregate of $20 million ($18 million of which to be paid out of net revenues from patent licensing receipts) for the next three years through December 31, 2017 (with a net present value of $17.4 million,). See Note 10 herein for further information on these guaranteed payments.

As of March 31, 2015, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,547,412 (which includes $1,000,000 of minimum cash reserves (see discussion, Note 6), which is intended to serve as additional collateral for the Fortress Agreement) and negative working capital of $5,348,368 as of March 31, 2015. The Company’s net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $6,625,833 and our accumulated deficit amount was $49,699,046 as of March 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2015, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of the net proceeds of $1,172,885 (less issuance costs of $77,559) received from the Fortress Notes (as defined below) (after the payment of all purchaser-related fees and expenses relating to such issuances) and the initial payment of $500,000 received as part of the Company’s first license agreement, offset by various payments for general operating purposes. A detailed description of the amended Fortress Agreement is set forth in Note 6 herein.

The Company will also require additional financing for the purchase of additional patent portfolios and to fund their monetization efforts if new attractive opportunities are found. If the Company acquires additional large patent portfolios, in addition to the cost of the upfront purchase fee (if any) it is likely that additional resources (business, technical or legal) may need to be hired to effectively monetize the portfolio. Resources to analyze new portfolios are already part of the current staffing of the Company. Litigation costs are based primarily on a contingent fee structure (expected to average less than 20% of license revenue for a portfolio) and as such do not scale significantly with the acquisition of new portfolios. Acquisitions or investments may be consummated through the use of cash, equity, seller financing, third party debt, earn-out obligations, revenue sharing, profit sharing, or some combination of two or more of these types of consideration. Due to the dynamic credit market, the Company is not able to predict with any certainty whether it could obtain debt or equity financing to provide additional sources of liquidity, should the need arise, at favorable rates.

Management estimates and related risks

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Although these estimates reflect management's best estimates, it is at least reasonably possible that a material change to these estimates could occur in the near term.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company typically grants standard credit terms to customers in good credit standing. The Company generally reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts on a customer-by-customer basis, which requires judgment about each individual customer’s ability and intention to fully pay account balances. The Company makes these judgments based on knowledge of and relationships with customers and current economic trends, and updates estimates on a monthly basis. Any changes in estimate, which can be significant, are included in earnings in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. As of March 31, 2015, the Company has not established any reserves for uncollectable accounts.

Inventories

Inventories consist of finished goods and some component and spare parts. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined utilizing standard cost which approximates the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company performs an analysis of slow-moving or obsolete inventory on a regular basis and any changes in valuation reserves, which could potentially be significant, are included in earnings in the period in which the evaluations are completed.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (or the term of the lease, if shorter), which range from three to five years. Routine maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. The costs of major additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed and the related accumulated depreciation is removed and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations.

Patents

Patents, including acquisition costs, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally 7 - 10 years. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed and the related accumulated amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Patents are utilized for the purpose of generating licensing revenue.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of certain contract rights acquired in the Merger. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of five years.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired by the Company. The carrying amount of goodwill will be tested for impairment annually or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for the purpose of goodwill impairment tests. For purposes of assessing the impairment of goodwill, the Company estimates the value of the reporting unit using its market capitalization as the best evidence of fair value. This fair value is then compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets on an annual basis, or more frequently whenever circumstances indicate a long-lived asset may be impaired. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company estimates future undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets. In the event cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. On December 31, 2014, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $686,350 as a result of terminating an acquired contract in the first quarter of 2015 that provided distribution services of facility security and access control products that the Company inherited as part of the Merger.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high quality financial institutions. Periodically, such balances are from time to time in excess of federally insured limits.

Stock-based compensation

The Company has a stock option plan under which incentive and non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) are granted primarily to employees. All share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options and RSAs, are recognized in the financial statements based on their respective grant date fair values. The benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost are reported as a financing cash flow.

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service periods in the Company’s statements of comprehensive income or loss. The Company has estimated the fair value of each option award as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of RSAs is calculated as the fair value of the underlying stock multiplied by the number of shares awarded. The awards issued consist of fully-vested stock awards, performance-based restricted shares, and service-based restricted shares.

Expenses related to stock-based awards issued to non-employees are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis in the periods those awards are expected to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future pretax earnings, the reversal of temporary differences between book and tax income, and the expected tax rates in future periods. The Company has a full valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets.

The Company is required to evaluate the tax positions taken in the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. The amount recognized is subject to estimate and management judgment with respect to the likely outcome of each uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position or for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount that is initially recognized.

Fair value measurements

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The category within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new financial accounting standard which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance. ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard.

In June 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2014-10 Development Stage Entities. The amendments in ASU 2014-10 remove the definition of a development stage entity from Topic 915 Development Stage Entities, thereby removing the distinction between development stage entities and other reporting entities from US GAAP. In addition, the amendments eliminate the requirements for development stage entities to (1) present inception-to-date information in the statements of operations, cash flows, and shareholder’s equity, (2) label the financial statements as those of a development stage entity, (3) disclose a description of the development stage activities in which the entity is engaged, and (4) disclose in the first year in which the entity is no longer a development stage entity that in prior years it had been in the development stage. The amendments also clarify that the guidance in Topic 275, Risks and Uncertainties, is applicable to entities that have not commenced planned principal operations. ASU 2014-10 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods therein. The Company could early adopt ASU 2014-10 for any annual reporting period or interim period for which the entity’s financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company elected to adopt this ASU beginning with the June 30, 2014 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and its adoption resulted in the removal of inception-to-date information in the Company’s statements of operations and cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which requires management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for each annual and interim reporting period and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-15 Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard.

In April 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under the new standard, an entity presents such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the cost is reported as interested expense. The accounting standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.