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Fair Value Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2020

The following is a summary of our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding Investments at fair value based on net asset value (“NAV”) of $920.3 million and $570.3 million at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):



	August 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting (1)			Total
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	2,446,810	$	63,256	$	77,830	$	—		$	2,587,896
Corporate debt securities	—		2,720,581		23,269		—			2,743,850
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations	—		68,287		27,936		—			96,223
U.S. government and federal agency securities	3,164,472		92,036		—		—			3,256,508
Municipal securities	—		358,292		—		—			358,292
Sovereign obligations	1,686,522		877,334		—		—			2,563,856
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		975,166		28,317		—			1,003,483
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		1,091,406		4,663		—			1,096,069
Other asset-backed securities	—		48,734		63,337		—			112,071
Loans and other receivables	—		2,112,437		105,434		—			2,217,871
Derivatives	2,897		2,060,960		52,195		(1,611,815		)	504,237
Investments at fair value	—		45,156		49,881		—			95,037
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV	$	7,300,701	$	10,513,645	$	432,862	$	(1,611,815	)	$	16,635,393
Securities received as collateral	$	4,413	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	4,413

Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	2,295,391	$	12,533	$	4,367	$	—		$	2,312,291
Corporate debt securities	—		1,448,558		148		—			1,448,706
U.S. government and federal agency securities	2,722,907		—		—		—			2,722,907
Sovereign obligations	1,452,399		1,096,176		—		—			2,548,575
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		35		—			35
Loans	—		1,432,113		46,594		—			1,478,707
Derivatives	1,031		2,207,254		74,620		(1,799,681		)	483,224
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	$	6,471,728	$	6,196,634	$	125,764	$	(1,799,681	)	$	10,994,445
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	21,829	$	—	$	—		$	21,829
Other secured financings	$	—	$	—	$	3,402	$	—		$	3,402
Obligation to return securities received as collateral	$	4,413	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	4,413
Long-term debt	$	—	$	891,845	$	630,260	$	—		$	1,522,105


(1)	Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.



	November 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting (1)			Total
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	2,325,116	$	218,403	$	58,301	$	—		$	2,601,820
Corporate debt securities	—		2,472,213		7,490		—			2,479,703
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations	—		124,225		20,081		—			144,306
U.S. government and federal agency securities	2,101,624		158,618		—		—			2,260,242
Municipal securities	—		742,326		—		—			742,326
Sovereign obligations	1,330,026		1,405,827		—		—			2,735,853
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		1,069,066		17,740		—			1,086,806
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		424,060		6,110		—			430,170
Other asset-backed securities	—		303,847		42,563		—			346,410
Loans and other receivables	—		2,395,211		64,240		—			2,459,451
Derivatives	2,809		1,812,659		14,889		(1,432,806		)	397,551
Investments at fair value	—		32,688		75,738		—			108,426
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV	$	5,759,575	$	11,159,143	$	307,152	$	(1,432,806	)	$	15,793,064
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$	—	$	—	$	25,000	$	—		$	25,000
Securities received as collateral	$	9,500	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	9,500

Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	2,755,601	$	7,438	$	4,487	$	—		$	2,767,526
Corporate debt securities	—		1,471,142		340		—			1,471,482
U.S. government and federal agency securities	1,851,981		—		—		—			1,851,981
Sovereign obligations	1,363,475		941,065		—		—			2,304,540
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		35		—			35
Loans	—		1,600,228		9,463		—			1,609,691
Derivatives	871		2,066,064		92,057		(1,631,787		)	527,205
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	$	5,971,928	$	6,085,937	$	106,382	$	(1,631,787	)	$	10,532,460
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	20,981	$	—	$	—		$	20,981
Obligation to return securities received as collateral	$	9,500	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	9,500
Long-term debt	$	—	$	735,216	$	480,069	$	—		$	1,215,285


(1)	Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.

The following is a description of the valuation basis, including valuation techniques and inputs, used in measuring our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:

Corporate Equity Securities

•

Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Exchange-traded equity securities are measured based on quoted closing exchange prices, which are generally obtained from external pricing services, and are categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, otherwise they are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied.

•

Non-Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Non-exchange-traded equity securities are measured primarily using broker quotations, pricing data from external pricing services and prices observed from recently executed market transactions and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity securities are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and measured using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed from subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. When using pricing data of comparable companies, judgment must be applied to adjust the pricing data to account for differences between the measured security and the comparable security (e.g., issuer market capitalization, yield, dividend rate, geographical concentration).

•

Equity Warrants: Non-exchange-traded equity warrants are measured primarily using prices observed from recently executed market transactions and broker quotations and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity warrants are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and can be measured using the Black-Scholes model with key inputs impacting the valuation including the underlying security price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date.

Corporate Debt Securities

•

Investment Grade Corporate Bonds: Investment grade corporate bonds are measured primarily using pricing data from external pricing services and broker quotations, where available, prices observed from recently executed market transactions and bond spreads or credit default swap spreads of the issuer adjusted for basis differences between the swap curve and the bond curve. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using these valuation methods are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. If broker quotes, pricing data or spread data is not available, alternative valuation techniques are used including cash flow models incorporating interest rate curves, single name or index credit default swap curves for comparable issuers and recovery rate assumptions. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using alternative valuation techniques are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are a limited portion of our investment grade corporate bonds.

•

High Yield Corporate and Convertible Bonds: A significant portion of our high yield corporate and convertible bonds are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured primarily using broker quotations and pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and prices observed from recently executed market transactions of institutional size. Where pricing data is less observable, valuations are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on pending transactions involving the issuer or comparable issuers, prices implied from an issuer’s subsequent financing or recapitalization, models incorporating financial ratios and projected cash flows of the issuer and market prices for comparable issuers.

Collateralized Debt Obligations and Collateralized Loan Obligations

Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are measured based on prices observed from recently executed market transactions of the same or similar security or based on valuations received from third-party brokers or data providers and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs. Valuation that is based on recently executed market transactions of similar securities incorporates additional review and analysis of pricing inputs and comparability criteria, including, but not limited to, collateral type, tranche type, rating, origination year, prepayment rates, default rates and loss severity.

U.S. Government and Federal Agency Securities


•	U.S. Treasury Securities: U.S. Treasury securities are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.


•	U.S. Agency Debt Securities: Callable and non-callable U.S. agency debt securities are measured primarily based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Municipal Securities

Municipal securities are measured based on quoted prices obtained from external pricing services and are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Sovereign Obligations

Sovereign government obligations are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size. Sovereign government obligations, with consideration given to the country of issuance, are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities

•

Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (“RMBS”): Agency RMBS include mortgage pass-through securities (fixed and adjustable rate), collateralized mortgage obligations and principal-only and interest-only (including inverse interest-only) securities. Agency RMBS are generally measured using recent transactions, pricing data from external pricing services or expected future cash flow techniques that incorporate prepayment models and other prepayment assumptions to amortize the underlying mortgage loan collateral and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use prices observed from recently executed transactions to develop market-clearing spread and yield curve assumptions. Valuation inputs with regard to the underlying collateral incorporate factors such as weighted average coupon, loan-to-value, credit scores, geographic location, maximum and average loan size, originator, servicer and weighted average loan age.

•

Non-Agency RMBS: The fair value of non-agency RMBS is determined primarily using discounted cash flow methodologies and securities are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs used. Performance attributes of the underlying mortgage loans are evaluated to estimate pricing inputs, such as prepayment rates, default rates and the severity of credit losses. Attributes of the underlying mortgage loans that affect the pricing inputs include, but are not limited to, weighted average coupon; average and maximum loan size; loan-to-value; credit scores; documentation type; geographic location; weighted average loan age; originator; servicer; historical prepayment, default and loss severity experience of the mortgage loan pool; and delinquency rate. Yield curves used in the discounted cash flow models are based on observed market prices for comparable securities and published interest rate data to estimate market yields. In addition, broker quotes, where available, are also referenced to compare prices primarily on interest-only securities.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities

•

Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”): Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) project loan bonds are measured based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitization transactions of similar securities with adjustments incorporating an evaluation of various factors, including prepayment speeds, default rates and cash flow structures. Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) mortgage-backed securities are generally measured by using prices observed from recently executed market transactions to estimate market-clearing spread levels for purposes of estimating fair value. GNMA project loan bonds and FNMA DUS mortgage-backed securities are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•

Non-Agency CMBS: Non-agency CMBS are measured using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, prices observed from recently executed market transactions or based on expected cash flow models that incorporate underlying loan collateral characteristics and performance. Non-Agency CMBS are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability of the underlying inputs.

Other Asset-Backed Securities

Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”) include, but are not limited to, securities backed by auto loans, credit card receivables, student loans and other consumer loans and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Valuations are primarily determined using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, broker quotes and prices observed from recently executed market transactions. In addition, recent transaction data from comparable deals is deployed to develop market clearing yields and cumulative loss assumptions. The cumulative loss assumptions are based on the analysis of the underlying collateral and comparisons to earlier deals from the same issuer to gauge the relative performance of the deal.

Loans and Other Receivables

•

Corporate Loans: Corporate loans categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on market consensus pricing service quotations. Where available, market price quotations from external pricing services are reviewed to ensure they are supported by transaction data. Corporate loans categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on price quotations that are considered to be less transparent, market prices for debt securities of the same creditor and estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding creditor default and recovery rates and consideration of the issuer’s capital structure.

•

Participation Certificates in Agency Residential Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in agency residential loans are based on observed market prices of recently executed purchases and sales of similar loans and data provider pricing. The loan participation certificates are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions and availability of data provider pricing.

•

Project Loans and Participation Certificates in GNMA Project and Construction Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in GNMA project and construction loans are based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitizations with similar underlying loan collateral to derive an implied spread. Securitization prices are adjusted to estimate the fair value of the loans to account for the arbitrage that is realized at the time of securitization. The measurements are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions.

•

Consumer Loans and Funding Facilities: Consumer and small business whole loans and related funding facilities are valued based on observed market transactions and incorporating valuation inputs including, but not limited to, delinquency and default rates, prepayment rates, borrower characteristics, loan risk grades and loan age. These assets are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

•

Escrow and Claim Receivables: Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is estimated based on reference to market prices and implied yields of debt securities of the same or similar issuers. Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is based on recent observations in the same receivable.

Derivatives

•

Listed Derivative Contracts: Listed derivative contracts that are actively traded are measured based on quoted exchange prices, broker quotes or vanilla option valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, using observable valuation inputs from the principal market or consensus pricing services. Exchange quotes and/or valuation inputs are generally obtained from external vendors and pricing services. Broker quotes are validated directly through observable and tradeable quotes. Listed derivative contracts that use unadjusted exchange close prices are generally categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. All other listed derivative contracts are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•

Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Derivative Contracts: OTC derivative contracts are generally valued using models, whose inputs reflect assumptions that we believe market participants would use in valuing the derivative in a current transaction. Where available, valuation inputs are calibrated from observable market data. For many OTC derivative contracts, the valuation models do not involve material subjectivity as the methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the inputs to valuation models do not involve a high degree of subjectivity as the valuation model inputs are readily observable or can be derived from actively quoted markets. OTC derivative contracts are primarily categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and significance of the inputs to the valuation models. Where significant inputs to the valuation are unobservable, derivative instruments are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

OTC options include OTC equity, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity options measured using various valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, with key inputs including the underlying security price, foreign exchange spot rate, commodity price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date. Discounted cash flow models are utilized to measure certain OTC derivative contracts including the valuations of our interest rate swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to interest rate curves, valuations of our foreign exchange forwards and swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to foreign currency spot rates and forward curves and valuations of our commodity swaps and forwards, which incorporate observable inputs related to commodity spot prices and forward curves. Discounted cash flow models are also utilized to measure certain variable funding note swaps, which are backed by CLOs and incorporates constant prepayment rate, constant default rate and loss severity assumptions. Credit default swaps include both index and single-name credit default swaps. Where available, external data is used in measuring index credit default swaps and single-name credit default swaps. For commodity and equity total return swaps, market prices are generally observable for the underlying asset and used as the basis for measuring the fair value of the derivative contracts. Total return swaps executed on other underlyings are measured based on valuations received from external pricing services.

Investments at Fair Value

Investments at fair value includes investments in hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity funds, which are measured at the NAV of the funds, provided by the fund managers and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Investments at fair value also include direct equity investments in private companies, which are measured at fair value using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/EBITDA, price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed for subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. Direct equity investments in private companies are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present information about our investments in entities that have the characteristics of an investment company (in thousands):



	August 31, 2020
	Fair Value (1)		Unfunded Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)	$	322,020	$	—
Equity Funds (3)	23,586		11,442
Commodity Funds (4)	16,204		—
Multi-asset Funds (5)	558,452		—
Other Funds (6)	65		—
Total	$	920,327	$	11,442



	November 30, 2019
	Fair Value (1)		Unfunded Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)	$	291,593	$	—
Equity Funds (3)	27,952		12,108
Commodity Funds (4)	16,025		—
Multi-asset Funds (5)	234,583		—
Other Funds (6)	157		—
Total	$	570,310	$	12,108


(1)	Where fair value is calculated based on NAV, fair value has been derived from each of the funds’ capital statements.


(2)	This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in both public and private equity securities in domestic and international markets. At both August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, approximately 6% of the fair value of investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.

(3)

At August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, the investments in this category include investments in equity funds that invest in the equity of various U.S. and foreign private companies in the energy, technology, internet service and telecommunication service industries. These investments cannot be redeemed; instead, distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds which are primarily expected to be liquidated in approximately one to eight years.


(4)	This category includes investments in a hedge fund that invests, long and short, primarily in commodities. Investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.

(5)

This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in multi-asset securities in domestic and international markets in both the public and private sectors. At August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, investments representing approximately 58% and 5%, respectively, of the fair value of investments in this category are redeemable monthly with 30 or 60 days prior written notice.

(6)

This category includes investments in a fund that invests in loans secured by a first trust deed on property, domestic and international public high yield debt, private high yield investments, senior bank loans, public leveraged equities, distressed debt and private equity investments and there are no redemption provisions. This category also includes investments in a fund of funds that invests in various private equity funds that are managed by us and have no redemption provisions. Investments in the fund of funds are gradually being liquidated, however, the timing of when the proceeds will be received is uncertain.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell

Securities purchased under agreements to resell may include embedded call features. The valuation of these instruments is based on review of expected future cash flows, interest rates, funding spreads and the fair value of the underlying collateral. Securities purchased under agreements to resell are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to limited observability of the embedded derivative and unobservable credit spreads.

Other Secured Financings

Other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is based on estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding recovery rates.

Securities Received as Collateral / Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral

In connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral. Valuation is based on the price of the underlying security and is categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term Borrowings / Long-term Debt

Short-term borrowings that are accounted for at fair value include equity-linked notes, which are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as the fair value is based on the price of the underlying equity security. Long-term debt includes variable rate, fixed-to-floating rate, constant maturity swap, digital and Bermudan structured notes. These are valued using various valuation models that incorporate our own credit spread, market price quotations from external pricing sources referencing the appropriate interest rate curves, volatilities and other inputs as well as prices for transactions in a given note during the period. Long-term debt notes are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where market trades have been observed during the quarter, otherwise categorized within Level 3.

Level 3 Rollforwards

The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended August 31, 2020 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended August 31, 2020
	Balance at May 31, 2020		Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)			Purchases			Sales			Settlements			Issuances		Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3			Balance at August 31, 2020		For instruments still held at August 31, 2020 changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
																						Earnings (1)			Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	76,100	$	(588	)	$	699		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	1,619		$	77,830	$	(588	)	$	—
Corporate debt securities	25,178		(889		)	4			(394		)	—			—		(630		)	23,269		(881		)	—
CDOs and CLOs	23,139		3,796			39			(7,539		)	(2,075		)	—		10,576			27,936		385			—
RMBS	22,339		1,240			—			—			(774		)	—		5,512			28,317		1,262			—
CMBS	4,461		202			—			—			—			—		—			4,663		198			—
Other ABS	86,062		(1,585		)	3,313			—			(7,442		)	—		(17,011		)	63,337		(5,101		)	—
Loans and other receivables	68,429		8,302			18,492			(13,897		)	(355		)	—		24,463			105,434		8,633			—
Investments at fair value	63,959		(3,257		)	2,182			—			(13,003		)	—		—			49,881		(4,406		)	—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	4,190	$	(12	)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	189		$	4,367	$	12		$	—
Corporate debt securities	163		(15		)	—			—			—			—		—			148		15			—
CMBS	140		—			(140		)	35			—			—		—			35		—			—
Loans	10,674		6,636			(23,001		)	3,558			—			—		48,727			46,594		(6,591		)	—
Net derivatives (2)	45,131		(12,175		)	(1,404		)	13,089			(648		)	—		(21,568		)	22,425		12,007			—
Other secured financings	—		(617		)	—			—			—			4,019		—			3,402		617			—
Long-term debt	497,040		130,463			—			—			—			5,749		(2,992		)	630,260		(42,163		)	(88,300		)


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.


(2)	Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the three months ended August 31, 2020

During the three months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $64.5 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Loans and other receivables of $31.8 million, CDOs and CLOs of $19.5 million, Other ABS of $5.8 million and RMBS of $5.5 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the three months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $39.9 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:


•	Other ABS of $22.9 million, CDOs and CLOs of $8.9 million and Loans and other receivables of $7.4 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

During the three months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $54.4 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Loans of $50.1 million and Net derivatives of $4.1 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.

During the three months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $30.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Net derivatives of $25.6 million and structured notes of $3.0 million due to greater pricing and market transparency.

Net gains on Level 3 assets were $7.2 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $124.3 million for the three months ended August 31, 2020. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Loans and other receivables and CDOs and CLOs, partially offset by decreased market values across Investments at fair value and Other ABS. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of certain structured notes, partially offset by decreased market values across derivatives.

The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended August 31, 2020
			Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)														Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3					For instruments still held at August 31, 2020, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
	Balance at November 30, 2019					Purchases			Sales			Settlements			Issuances					Balance at August 31, 2020		Earnings (1)			Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	58,301	$	(3,793	)	$	3,299		$	(13,555	)	$	—		$	—	$	33,578		$	77,830	$	(654	)	$	—
Corporate debt securities	7,490		(162		)	285			(489		)	(602		)	—		16,747			23,269		(591		)	—
CDOs and CLOs	20,081		(8,651		)	10,883			(20,935		)	(5,675		)	—		32,233			27,936		(20,218		)	—
RMBS	17,740		(1,347		)	7,625			—			(496		)	—		4,795			28,317		(1,811		)	—
CMBS	6,110		232			—			—			(1,785		)	—		106			4,663		807			—
Other ABS	42,563		(3,495		)	29,096			(664		)	(22,125		)	—		17,962			63,337		(13,012		)	—
Loans and other receivables	64,240		(7,093		)	259,982			(208,958		)	(6,979		)	—		4,242			105,434		(6,216		)	—
Investments at fair value	75,738		(33,753		)	21,067			(168		)	(13,003		)	—		—			49,881		(35,601		)	—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	25,000		—			—			—			(25,000		)	—		—			—		—			—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	4,487	$	258		$	(567	)	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	189		$	4,367	$	98		$	—
Corporate debt securities	340		(261		)	(325		)	394			—			—		—			148		20			—
CMBS	35		—			(35		)	35			—			—		—			35		—			—
Loans	9,463		2,986			(5,760		)	38,531			—			—		1,374			46,594		(3,366		)	—
Net derivatives (2)	77,168		(63,367		)	(6,732		)	26,656			(1,567		)	—		(9,733		)	22,425		60,257			—
Other secured financings	—		(617		)	—			—			—			4,019		—			3,402		617			—
Long-term debt	480,069		10,851			—			—			(2,000		)	202,046		(60,706		)	630,260		(28,153		)	17,302


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.


(2)	Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2020

During the nine months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $132.0 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Corporate equity securities of $36.6 million, CDOs and CLOs of $34.1 million, Other ABS of $23.5 million, Corporate debt securities of $18.6 million and Loans and other receivables of $13.4 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $22.3 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:


•	Loans and other receivables of $9.2 million, Other ABS of $5.6 million and Corporate equity securities of $3.1 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $37.3 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Net derivatives of $35.2 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $106.2 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Structured notes of $60.7 million and net derivatives of $45.0 million due to greater market and pricing transparency.

Net losses on Level 3 assets were $58.1 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $50.1 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Investments at fair value, CDOs and CLOs, Loans and other receivables and Corporate equity securities. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased market values across derivatives, partially offset by increased valuations of certain structured notes.



	Three Months Ended August 31, 2019
	Balance at May 31, 2019		Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)			Purchases			Sales			Settlements			Issuances		Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3			Balance at August 31, 2019		For instruments still held at August 31, 2019, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
																						Earnings (1)			Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	59,307	$	12,542		$	16,508		$	(17,502	)	$	—		$	—	$	(20,255	)	$	50,600	$	12,062		$	—
Corporate debt securities	7,429		(3,072		)	1,175			(1,942		)	(85		)	—		5,783			9,288		(3,047		)	—
CDOs and CLOs	16,195		(1,514		)	—			—			—			—		6,454			21,135		(1,503		)	—
RMBS	17,266		(1,917		)	—			(65		)	(22		)	—		2,667			17,929		(1,435		)	—
CMBS	12,530		(2,003		)	—			(1,703		)	(3,362		)	—		—			5,462		(3,143		)	—
Other ABS	43,185		(1,689		)	13,497			(6,975		)	(5,500		)	—		(7,920		)	34,598		(1,068		)	—
Loans and other receivables	98,484		(2,847		)	26,921			(33,409		)	(1,287		)	—		(12,299		)	75,563		(2,392		)	—
Investments at fair value	103,833		(6,407		)	240			(296		)	—			—		35,135			132,505		(6,407		)	—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	25,000		—			—			—			—			—		—			25,000		—			—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	221	$	401		$	(221	)	$	—		$	(190	)	$	—	$	—		$	211	$	(35	)	$	—
Corporate debt securities	669		(650		)	(34		)	—			(369		)	—		1,586			1,202		649			—
CMBS	—		—			—			35			—			—		—			35		—			—
Loans	9,428		(520		)	(10,281		)	5,384			—			—		12,619			16,630		531			—
Net derivatives (2)	47,449		(19,519		)	—			6,766			(14		)	—		16,081			50,763		18,507			—
Long-term debt	236,562		7,455			—			—			—			114,641		(10,595		)	348,063		(8,162		)	706


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.


(2)	Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the three months ended August 31, 2019

During the three months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of assets of $79.0 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Investments at fair value of $35.1 million and Loans and other receivables of $23.7 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the three months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of assets of $69.4 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:


•	Loans and other receivables of $36.0 million and Corporate equity securities of $22.1 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

During the three months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of liabilities of $43.5 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Net derivatives of $17.6 million, Loans of $13.3 million and structured notes of $11.0 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency.

During the three months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of liabilities of $23.8 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Structured notes of $21.6 million due to greater market transparency.

Net losses on Level 3 assets were $6.9 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $12.8 million for the three months ended August 31, 2019. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Investments at fair value, Corporate debt securities, loans and other receivables and CMBS, partially offset by increased market values across Corporate equity securities. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased market values across certain derivatives.



	Nine Months Ended August 31, 2019
	Balance at November 30, 2018		Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)			Purchases			Sales			Settlements			Issuances		Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3			Balance at August 31, 2019		For instruments still held at August 31, 2019, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
																						Earnings (1)			Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities	$	51,040	$	16,381		$	23,172		$	(25,431	)	$	(669	)	$	—	$	(13,893	)	$	50,600	$	14,953		$	—
Corporate debt securities	9,484		(4,904		)	6,080			(10,544		)	(553		)	—		9,725			9,288		(5,325		)	—
CDOs and CLOs	25,815		(5,892		)	48,112			(43,230		)	(275		)	—		(3,395		)	21,135		(5,614		)	—
RMBS	19,603		(2,573		)	2,166			(2,022		)	(171		)	—		926			17,929		(2,166		)	—
CMBS	10,886		(2,196		)	11			(2,023		)	(6,638		)	—		5,422			5,462		(4,326		)	—
Other ABS	53,175		(929		)	14,698			(2,494		)	(30,623		)	—		771			34,598		(961		)	—
Loans and other receivables	46,985		3,933			178,069			(166,496		)	(8,379		)	—		21,451			75,563		682			—
Investments at fair value	113,831		(3,971		)	31,583			(296		)	—			—		(8,642		)	132,505		(3,971		)	—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	—		—			—			—			—			25,000		—			25,000		—			—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	—	$	401		$	—		$	—		$	(190	)	$	—	$	—		$	211	$	(35	)	$	—
Corporate debt securities	522		(867		)	—			—			(524		)	—		2,071			1,202		867			—
CMBS	—		—			—			35			—			—		—			35		—			—
Loans	6,376		(1,342		)	(8,553		)	9,929			—			—		10,220			16,630		1,583			—
Net derivatives (2)	21,614		(48,746		)	(2,829		)	16,313			1,609			—		62,802			50,763		40,052			—
Long-term debt	200,745		(5,286		)	—			—			(11,250		)	204,710		(40,856		)	348,063		(4,517		)	9,804


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.


(2)	Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2019

During the nine months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of assets of $60.2 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Loans and other receivables of $30.6 million, other ABS of $10.8 million and Corporate debt securities of $10.5 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of assets of $47.8 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed

to:


•	Corporate equity securities of $14.8 million, other ABS of $10.0 million, Loans and other receivables of $9.2 million and Investments at fair value of $8.6 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of liabilities of $98.3 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value

hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Net derivatives of $64.5 million and structured notes of $20.8 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency.

During the nine months ended August 31, 2019, transfers of liabilities of $64.1 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value

hierarchy are primarily attributed to:


•	Structured notes of $61.7 million due to greater market transparency.

Net losses on Level 3 assets were $0.2 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $55.8 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2019. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs and Investments at fair value, partially offset by increased market values across Corporate equity securities. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased market values across derivatives and valuations of certain structured notes.

Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs used in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019

The tables below present information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for our financial assets and liabilities, subject to threshold levels related to the market value of the positions held, measured at fair value on a recurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The range of unobservable inputs could differ significantly across different firms given the range of products across different firms in the financial services sector. The inputs are not representative of the inputs that could have been used in the valuation of any one financial instrument (i.e., the input used for valuing one financial instrument within a particular class of financial instruments may not be appropriate for valuing other financial instruments within that given class). Additionally, the ranges of inputs presented below should not be construed to represent uncertainty regarding the fair values of our financial instruments; rather, the range of inputs is reflective of the differences in the underlying characteristics of the financial instruments in each category.

For certain categories, we have provided a weighted average of the inputs allocated based on the fair values of the financial instruments comprising the category. We do not believe that the range or weighted average of the inputs is indicative of the reasonableness of uncertainty of our Level 3 fair values. The range and weighted average are driven by the individual financial instruments within each category and their relative distribution in the population. The disclosed inputs when compared with the inputs as disclosed in other periods should not be expected to necessarily be indicative of changes in our estimates of unobservable inputs for a particular financial instrument as the population of financial instruments comprising the category will vary from period to period based on purchases and sales of financial instruments during the period as well as transfers into and out of Level 3 each period.



August 31, 2020
Financial Instruments Owned:	Fair Value (in thousands)		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input(s)	Input / Range				Weighted Average
Corporate equity securities	$	77,442
Non-exchange traded securities			Market approach	Price	$1		-	$213	$84
				EBITDA multiple	$3		-	$4	$3
Corporate debt securities	$	23,269	Market approach	Price	$69				—
			Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	22%				—
CDOs and CLOs	$	27,936	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate	2	%	-	20%	19%
				Constant default rate	1	%	-	2%	2%
				Loss severity	25	%	-	50%	28%
				Discount rate/yield	6	%	-	26%	17%
RMBS	$	28,317	Discounted cash flows	Cumulative loss rate	2	%	-	32%	5%
				Duration (years)	1.0		-	13.0	9.7
				Discount rate/yield	4	%	-	14%	5%
CMBS	$	4,663	Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	44%				—
Other ABS	$	63,337	Discounted cash flows	Cumulative loss rate	7	%	-	72%	18%
				Duration (years)	0.3		-	4.2	1.8
				Discount rate/yield	4	%	-	15%	10%
			Market approach	Price	$100				—
Loans and other receivables	$	104,212	Market approach	Price	$6		-	$100	$76
			Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	2	%	-	100%	62%
Derivatives	$	50,637
Loans total return swaps			Market approach	Price	$97		-	$99	$98
Interest rate swaps			Market approach	Basis points upfront	3		-	20	9
Investments at fair value	$	49,881
Private equity securities			Market approach	Price	$6		-	$169	$50
			Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	33%				—
Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$	4,367	Market approach	Transaction level	$1				—
Corporate debt securities	$	148	Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	22%				—
Loans	$	46,594	Market approach	Price	$31		-	$97	$70
			Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	2%				—
Derivatives	$	69,615
Equity options			Volatility benchmarking	Volatility	32	%	-	46%	39%
Interest rate swaps			Market approach	Basis points upfront	3		-	20	9
Unfunded commitments				Price	$97		-	$99	$98
Other secured financings	$	3,402	Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	60	%	-	100%	79%
Long-term debt
Structured notes	$	630,260	Market approach	Price	$77		-	$105	$99
				Price	€69		-	€107	€91



November 30, 2019
Financial Instruments Owned	Fair Value (in thousands)	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input(s)	Input / Range				Weighted Average
Corporate equity securities	$29,017
Non-exchange-traded securities		Market approach	Price	$1		-	$140	$55
			Underlying stock price	$3		-	$5	$4
Corporate debt securities	$7,490	Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	23	%	-	85%	46%
			Volatility	44%				—
			Credit spread	750				—
			Underlying stock price	£0.4				—
CDOs and CLOs	$20,081	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate	20%				—
			Constant default rate	1	%	-	2%	2%
			Loss severity	25	%	-	37%	29%
			Discount rate/yield	12	%	-	21%	15%
RMBS	$17,740	Discounted cash flows	Cumulative loss rate	2%				—
			Duration (years)	6.3				—
			Discount rate/yield	3%				—
CMBS	$6,110	Discounted cash flows	Cumulative loss rate	7.3%				—
			Duration (years)	0.2				—
			Discount rate/yield	85%				—
		Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	44%				—
Other ABS	$42,563	Discounted cash flows	Cumulative loss rate	7	%	-	31%	16%
			Duration (years)	0.5		-	3.0	1.5
			Discount rate/yield	7	%	-	15%	11%
Loans and other receivables	$62,734	Market approach	Price	$36		-	$100	$90
		Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	87	%	-	104%	99%
Derivatives	$13,826
Interest rate swaps		Market approach	Basis points upfront	0		-	16	6
Unfunded commitments			Price	$88				—
Equity options		Volatility benchmarking	Volatility	45%				—
Investments at fair value	$75,736
Private equity securities		Market approach	Price	$8		-	$250	$125
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$25,000
		Market approach	Spread to 6 month LIBOR	500				—
			Duration (years)	1.5				—

Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Corporate equity securities	$4,487	Market approach	Transaction level	$1				—
Loans	$9,463	Market approach	Price	$50		-	$100	$88
		Scenario analysis	Estimated recovery percentage	1%				—
Derivatives	$92,057
Equity options		Volatility benchmarking	Volatility	21	%	-	61%	43%
Interest rate swaps		Market approach	Basis points upfront	0		-	22	13
Cross currency swaps			Basis points upfront	2				—
Unfunded commitments			Price	$88				—
Long-term debt
Structured notes	$480,069	Market approach	Price	$84		-	$108	$96
			Price	€74		-	€103	€91

The fair values of certain Level 3 assets and liabilities that were determined based on third-party pricing information, unadjusted past transaction prices or a percentage of the reported enterprise fair value are excluded from the above tables. At August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, asset exclusions consisted of $3.2 million and $31.9 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives, loans and other receivables and corporate equity securities. At August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, liability exclusions consisted of $5.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives and CMBS.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs

For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the uncertainty of the fair value measurement due to the use of significant unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those unobservable inputs (if any) are described below:

•

Corporate equity securities, corporate debt securities, loans and other receivables, certain derivatives, other ABS, private equity securities, securities purchased under agreements to resell and structured notes using a market approach valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in the transaction level of corporate equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the private equity securities, non-exchange-traded securities, unfunded commitments, corporate debt securities, other ABS, loans and other receivables, total return swaps or structured notes would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the EBITDA multiple related to corporate equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the underlying stock price of corporate equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the yield or duration, in isolation, of securities purchased under agreements to resell would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Depending on whether we are a receiver or (payer) of basis points upfront, a significant increase in basis points would result in a significant increase (decrease) in the fair value measurement of cross currency and interest rate swaps.

•

Loans and other receivables, CMBS, corporate debt securities, private equity securities and other secured financings using scenario analysis. A significant increase (decrease) in the possible recovery rates of the cash flow outcomes underlying the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for the financial instrument. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the underlying assets of the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the volatility of the underlying stock price would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the credit spread of the financial instrument would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

•

CDOs and CLOs, RMBS, CMBS and other ABS using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in the constant default rate, loss severity or cumulative loss rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The impact of changes in the constant prepayment rate and duration would have differing impacts depending on the capital structure and type of security. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.


•	Derivative equity options using volatility benchmarking. A significant increase (decrease) in volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

Fair Value Option Election

We have elected the fair value option for all loans and loan commitments made by our investment banking and capital markets businesses. These loans and loan commitments include loans entered into by our investment banking division in connection with client bridge financing and loan syndications, loans purchased by our leveraged credit trading desk as part of its bank loan trading activities and mortgage and consumer loan commitments, purchases and fundings in connection with mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization activities. Loans and loan commitments originated or purchased by our leveraged credit and mortgage-backed businesses are managed on a fair value basis. Loans are included in Financial instruments owned and loan commitments are included in Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value option election is not applied to loans made to affiliate entities as such loans are entered into as part of ongoing, strategic business ventures. Loans to affiliate entities are included in Loans to and investments in related parties in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are accounted for on an amortized cost basis. We have also elected the fair value option for certain of our structured notes, which are managed by our investment banking and capital markets businesses and are included in Long-term debt and Short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by subsidiaries as the investments are risk managed by us on a fair value basis. The fair value option has been elected for certain other secured financings that arise in connection with our securitization activities and other structured financings. Other secured financings, Receivables – Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations, Receivables – Customers, Receivables – Fees, interest and other, Payables – Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and Payables – Customers, are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest rather than at fair value; however, the recorded amounts approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature.

The following is a summary of gains (losses) due to changes in instrument specific credit risk on loans, other receivables and debt instruments and gains (losses) due to other changes in fair value on Short-term borrowing, Other secured financings and Long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended August 31,						Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivables	$	1,704		$	2,040		$	(11,256	)	$	(5,458	)
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Loans	$	367		$	—		$	(610	)	$	—
Loan commitments	1,875			(443		)	464			(1,200		)
Short-term borrowings:
Changes in instrument specific credit risk (1)	$	(23	)	$	—		$	(92	)	$	—
Other changes in fair value (2)	(1,115		)	—			(959		)	—
Other secured financings
Other changes in fair value (2)	$	617		$	—		$	617		$	—
Long-term debt:
Changes in instrument specific credit risk (1)	$	(177,801	)	$	6,922		$	49,369		$	34,414
Other changes in fair value (2)	(9,943		)	(46,003		)	(78,567		)	(93,311		)


(1)	Changes in instrument specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.


(2)	Other changes in fair value are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The following is a summary of the amount by which contractual principal exceeds fair value for loans and other receivables, short-term borrowings, other secured financings and long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):



	August 31, 2020		November 30, 2019
Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivables (1)	$	1,839,249	$	1,546,516
Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2)	334,504		197,215
Long-term debt and short-term borrowings	74,197		74,408
Other secured financings	923		—


(1)	Interest income is recognized separately from other changes in fair value and is included in Interest revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.


(2)	Amounts include loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due by which contractual principal exceeds fair value of $29.0 million and $22.2 million at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due was $162.6 million and $127.0 million at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively, which includes loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due of $13.3 million and $24.8 million at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

Certain of our financial instruments are not carried at fair value but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These financial assets include Cash and cash equivalents and Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations and would generally be presented within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations includes U.S. Treasury securities with a fair value of $55.9 million and $35.0 million at August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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