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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and conform to general practices within the finance company industry.  The following is a description of the more significant of these policies used in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nature of Operations

The Company is a small-loan consumer finance company headquartered in Greenville, South Carolina, that offers short-term small loans, medium-term larger loans, related credit insurance products and ancillary products and services to individuals who have limited access to other sources of consumer credit.  It also offers income tax return preparation services to its customer base and to others.

The Company also markets computer software and related services to financial services companies through its ParaData Financial Systems (“ParaData”) subsidiary.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company operated 1,084 offices in South Carolina, Georgia, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois, New Mexico, Kentucky, Alabama, Wisconsin, and Indiana.  The Company also operated 119 offices in Mexico.  The Company is subject to numerous lending regulations that vary by jurisdiction.

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of World Acceptance Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”).  Subsidiaries consist of operating entities in various states and Mexico, ParaData (a software company acquired during fiscal 1994), WAC Insurance Company, Ltd. (a captive reinsurance company established in fiscal 1994) and Servicios World Acceptance Corporation de Mexico (a service company established in fiscal 2006).  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries in Mexico are prepared using the local currency as the functional currency.  Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate while income and expense are translated at an average exchange rate for the period.  The resulting translation gains and losses are recognized as a component of equity in “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income.”

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  The most significant item subject to such estimates and assumptions that could materially change in the near term is the allowance for loan losses.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.  Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity. During the current year the Company reclassed net borrowings and payments from lines of credit to show the gross borrowings and the gross payments from lines of credit on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.  The reclass did not impact the Consolidated Statements of Operations nor the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity. 

Business Segments

The Company reports operating segments in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 280.  Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.  FASB ASC Topic 280 requires that a public enterprise report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items, segment assets, information about the way that the operating segments were determined and other items.

The Company has one reportable segment, which is the consumer finance company.  The other revenue generating activities of the Company, including the sale of insurance products, income tax preparation, buying club and the automobile club, are done in the existing branch network in conjunction with or as a complement to the lending operation.  There is no discrete financial information available for these activities and they do not meet the criteria under FASB ASC Topic 280 to be reported separately.

ParaData provides data processing systems to 105 separate finance companies, including the Company.  At March 31, 2013 and 2012, ParaData had total assets of $0.9 million and $1.0 million, which represented less than 1% of total consolidated assets at each fiscal year end.  Total net revenues (system sales and support) for ParaData for the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which represented less than 1% of consolidated revenue for each year.  Although ParaData is an operating segment under FASB ASC Topic 280, it does not meet the criteria to require separate disclosure.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of original issuance to be cash equivalents.

Loans and Interest Income

The Company is licensed to originate consumer loans in the states of Georgia, South Carolina, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois, New Mexico, Kentucky, Alabama, Wisconsin, and Indiana.  In addition, the Company also originates consumer loans in Mexico.  During fiscal 2013 and 2012, the Company originated loans generally ranging up to $4,000, with terms of 44 months or less.  Experience indicates that a majority of the consumer loans are refinanced, and the Company accounts for the refinancing as a new loan.  Generally a customer must make multiple payments in order to qualify for refinancing.  Furthermore, the Company's lending policy has predetermined lending amounts, so that in most cases a refinancing will result in advancing additional funds.  The Company believes that the advancement of additional funds constitutes more than a minor modification to the terms of the existing loan if the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new loan will be 10% or more of the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original loan.

Fees received and direct costs incurred for the origination of loans are deferred and amortized to interest income over the contractual lives of the loans.  Unamortized amounts are recognized in income at the time that loans are refinanced or paid in full.

Loans are carried at the gross amount outstanding, reduced by unearned interest and insurance income, net of deferred origination fees and direct costs, and an allowance for loan losses.  For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company recognized interest revenue on its loans using the rule of 78s, and  the collection method, which is a cash method of recognizing the revenue.  The combination of using the rule of 78s and the cash collections method to recognize interest revenue approximated the actuarial accrual method required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  As of March 31, 2013, the Company converted to the actuarial accrual method for recognizing the revenue. 

Charges for late payments are credited to income when collected.

The Company generally offers its loans at the prevailing statutory rates for terms not to exceed 44 months.  Management believes that the carrying value approximates the fair value of its loan portfolio.

Nonaccrual Policy

The accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is 60 days past the contractual due date. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. While a loan is on nonaccrual status, no interest revenue is recognized.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses in an amount that, in management's opinion, is adequate to provide for losses inherent in the existing loan portfolio.  The Company charges against current earnings, as a provision for loan losses, amounts added to the allowance to maintain it at levels expected to cover probable losses of principal.   When establishing the allowance for loan losses, the Company takes into consideration the growth of the loan portfolio, current levels of charge-offs, current levels of delinquencies, and current economic factors.   
The Company uses a mathematical calculation to determine the initial allowance at the end of each reporting period.  The calculation originated as management's estimate of future charge-offs and is used to allocate expenses to the branch level.  There are two components when calculating the allowance for loan losses, which the Company refers to as the general reserve and the specific reserve.  This calculation is a starting point and over time, and as needed, additional provisions have been added as determined by management to make the allowance adequate.
The general reserve is 4.25% of the gross loan portfolio. The specific reserve represents 100% of all loans 91 or more days past due on a recency basis, including bankrupt accounts in that category.  This methodology is based on historical data showing that the collection of loans 91 days or more past due and bankrupt accounts is remote.
A process is then performed to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, as well as considering trends in current levels of delinquencies, charge-off levels, and economic trends (such as energy and food prices).  The primary tool used is the movement model (on a contractual and recency basis) which considers the rolling twelve months of delinquency to determine expected charge-offs. The sum of expected charge-offs, determined from the movement model (on a contractual and recency basis) plus the amount of delinquent renewals are compared to the allowance resulting from the mathematical calculation to determine if any adjustments are needed to make the allowance adequate.  Management would also determine if any adjustments are needed if the consolidated annual provision for loan losses is less than total charge-offs. Management uses a precision level of 5% of the allowance for loan losses compared to the aforementioned movement model, when determining if any adjustments are needed.
The Company's policy is to charge off at the earlier of when such loans are deemed to be uncollectible or when six months have elapsed since the date of the last full contractual payment. However, the Company's practice is to charge off an account the earlier of when the account is deemed uncollectible or 120 days past due on a recency basis.  The Company's charge-off policy and practice have been consistently applied and no changes have been made during the periods reported.   The Company's historical annual charge-off rate for the past 10 years has ranged from 13.3% to 16.7% of net loans.  Management considers the charge-off policy when evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses.

FASB ASC Topic 310 prohibits carryover or creation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting of all loans acquired in a transfer that are within the scope of this authoritative literature.  The Company believes that loans acquired since the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 310 have not shown evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination, and therefore, are not within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 310.  Therefore, the Company records acquired loans (not within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 310) at fair value.

Impaired Loans

The Company defines impaired loans as bankrupt accounts and accounts 90 days or more past due.   In accordance with the Company’s charge-off policy, once a loan is deemed uncollectible, 100% of the net investment is charged-off, except in the case of a borrower who has filed for bankruptcy.  As of March 31, 2013, bankrupt accounts that had not been charged-off were approximately $5.9 million.  Bankrupt accounts 91 days or more past due are reserved 100%.  The Company also considers accounts 91 days or more past due as impaired and the accounts are reserved 100%.

Additional requirements from ASU 2010-20 about the credit quality of the Company’s receivables are disclosed in Note 2.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset as follows:  building, 40 years; furniture and fixtures, 5 to 10 years; equipment, 3 to 7 years; and vehicles, 3 years.  Amortization of leasehold improvements is recorded using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease.  Additions to premises and equipment and major replacements or improvements are added at cost.  Maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to operating expense as incurred.   When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.

Operating Leases

The Company’s office leases typically have a lease term of three to five years and contain lessee renewal options and cancellation clauses in the event of regulatory changes.  The Company typically renews its leases for one or more option periods.  Accordingly, the Company amortizes its leasehold improvements over the shorter of their economic lives, which are generally five years, or the lease term that considers renewal periods that are reasonably assured.

Other Assets

Other assets include cash surrender value of life insurance policies, prepaid expenses, debt issuance costs and other deposits.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company has used interest rate swaps and foreign currency options to economically hedge the variable cash flows and currency fluctuations, respectively.  Interest rate swap agreements were carried at fair value.  Changes to fair value were recorded each period as a component of the consolidated statement of operations.  See Note 7 for further discussion related to the interest rate swaps.  As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any foreign currency options outstanding.  As of March 31, 2013, the Company did not have any interest rate swaps outstanding.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets include the cost of acquiring existing customers, and the fair value assigned to non-compete agreements. Customer lists are amortized on a straight line or accelerated basis over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from 5 to 20 years with a weighted average of approximately 11 years.  Non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the agreement.
 
The Company evaluates goodwill annually for impairment in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year using the market value-based approach.  The Company has one reporting unit, the consumer finance company, and the Company has multiple components, the lowest level of which is individual offices.  The Company’s components are aggregated for impairment testing because they have similar economic characteristics. The Company writes off goodwill when it closes an office that has goodwill assigned to it.  As of March 31, 2013, the Company had 89 offices with recorded goodwill.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets, whenever changes or events indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  The Company assesses impairment of these assets generally at the office level based on the operating cash flows of the office and the Company’s plans for office closings.  The Company will write down such assets to fair value if, based on an analysis, the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets.  The Company recorded an immaterial impairment charge of approximately $25,000 for the fiscal year ended 2011 and did not record any impairment charges for the fiscal year ended 2013 or 2012.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC Topic 825 requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.  In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.  The Company’s financial instruments for the periods reported consist of the following:  cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable, senior notes payable and junior subordinated notes payable.  Fair value approximates carrying value for all of these instruments. Loans receivable are originated at prevailing market rates and have an average life of approximately eight months.  Given the short-term nature of these loans, they are continually repriced at current market rates.  The Company’s revolving credit facility and junior subordinated note payable have a variable rate based on a margin over LIBOR and reprice with any changes in LIBOR. 

Insurance Premiums

Insurance premiums for credit life, accident and health, property and unemployment insurance written in connection with certain loans, net of refunds and applicable advance insurance commissions retained by the Company, are remitted monthly to an insurance company.  All commissions are credited to unearned insurance commissions and recognized as income over the life of the related insurance contracts using a method similar to that used for the recognition of interest and fee income.

Non-filing Insurance

Non-filing insurance premiums are charged on certain loans in lieu of recording and perfecting the Company's security interest in the assets pledged.  The premiums and recoveries are remitted to a third party insurance company and are not reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements (See Note 9).  Claims paid by the third party insurance company result in a reduction to loan losses.

Certain losses related to such loans, which are not recoverable through life, accident and health, property, or unemployment insurance claims are reimbursed through non-filing insurance claims subject to policy limitations.  Any remaining losses are charged to the allowance for loan losses.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained.  Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized.  Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

For the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company paid interest of $16,028,399, $11,076,970 and $9,840,627, respectively.

For the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company paid income taxes of $66,921,031, $60,760,661 and $50,487,423, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260.  Basic EPS includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of the Company.  Potential common stock included in the diluted EPS computation consists of stock options, restricted stock and warrants, which are computed using the treasury stock method.  Potential common stock related to the Company's formerly outstanding convertible senior notes are included in the diluted EPS computation using the method prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 260-10-45.  See Note 12 for the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators for basic and dilutive EPS calculations.

Stock-Based Compensation

FASB ASC Topic 718-10 requires companies to recognize in the income statement the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees.  FASB ASC Topic 718-10 does not change the accounting guidance for share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees provided in FASB ASC Topic 718-10. Under FASB ASC Topic 718-10, the way an award is classified will affect the measurement of compensation cost. Liability-classified awards are remeasured to fair value at each balance-sheet date until the award is settled. Equity-classified awards are measured at grant-date fair value, amortized over the subsequent vesting period, and are not subsequently remeasured. The fair value of non-vested stock awards for the purposes of recognizing stock-based compensation expense is the market price of the stock on the grant date. The fair value of options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (see Note 13).

At March 31, 2013, the Company had several share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13.  The Company uses the modified prospective transition method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Under this method of transition, compensation cost recognized during fiscal years 2011, 2012, and 2013 was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718. Since this compensation cost is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.  The Company has elected to expense grants of awards with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award.

Comprehensive Income

Total comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss).  The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Concentration of Risk

During the year ended March 31, 2013, the Company operated in 13 states in the United States as well as in Mexico. For the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, total revenues within the Company's four largest states (measured by total revenues) accounted for approximately 56%, 56% and 57%, respectively, of the Company's total revenues.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed when incurred.  Advertising costs were approximately $14.8 million, $14.2 million and $13.1 million for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Fair Value Measurement

In May 2011, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2011-04) related to fair value measurement (FASB ASC Topic 820), which amends current guidance to achieve common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards.  The amendments generally represent clarification of FASB ASC Topic 820, but also include instances where a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements has changed.  This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2012.  The adoption did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Comprehensive Income

ASU 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) — Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2011-05”) amends Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” to require that all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity be presented in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Additionally, ASU 2011-05 requires entities to present, on the face of the financial statements, reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income in the statement or statements where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. The option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity was eliminated. ASU 2011-05 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011; however certain provisions related to the presentation of reclassification adjustments have been deferred by ASU 2011-12 “Comprehensive Income (Topic 820) — Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05.” ASU 2011-05 is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements. The Company adopted this pronouncement for our annual and interim reporting beginning April 1, 2012.

Testing Goodwill for Impairment

ASU 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment,” permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two-step goodwill impairment test. If an entity concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform the two-step impairment test.  The ASU is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption did not have any impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2012.

Accounting Standards to be Adopted

We reviewed significant newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to our business or that no material effect is expected on the financial statements as a result of future adoption.