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Stock-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Note 6 − Stock-Based Compensation

The following tables summarize information and activity under the plan for the indicated periods.

Options Outstanding
    
Options Vested and Exercisable
 
Range of
Exercise Prices
  
Number
Outstanding
    
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
    
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
    
Number
Exercisable
    
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
    
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  
$ 10.00 - 31.60     41,925       8.45     $
28.67       17,519       8.45     $
28.16  
$ 34.80 -  139.00 
    
275,217
      
4.66
    
$
90.31
      
252,243
      
4.42
    
$
90.00
  
$ 290.40 - 308.00 
    
12,875
      
0.49
    
$
304.24
      
12,875
      
0.49
    
$
304.24
  
     
330,017
      
4.98
    
$
90.63
      
282,637
      
4.49
    
$
95.70
  

 
Options
  
   
Number of
Shares
    
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
    
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
    
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2021
    
319,868
    
$
139.80
      
—
    
$
—
  
Options granted
    
40,050
      
29.60
      
—
      
—
  
Options exercised
    
—
   
—
      
—
      
—
  
Options cancelled
    
(19,120
)
    
501.20
      
—
      
—
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
    
340,798
    
$
106.60
      
—
    
$
—
  
Options granted
    
1,875
      
10.00
      
—
      
—
  
Options exercised
    
—
      
—
      
—
      
—
  
Options cancelled
    
(12,656
)
    
510.21
      
—
      
—
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2023
    
330,017
    
$
90.63
      
4.98
    
$
—
  
Options exercisable, December 31, 2023
    
282,637
    
$
95.70
      
4.49
    
$
—
  

 
RSUs
  
   
Number of
RSUs
    
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
    
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2021
    
25,457
    
$
107.80
    
$
—
  
RSUs granted
    
12,918
      
29.20
      
—
  
RSUs vested
    
(10,770
)
    
103.00
      
—
  
RSUs cancelled
    
—
      
—
      
—
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
    
27,605
    
$
73.00
    
$
—
  
RSUs granted
    
1,250
      
10.00
      
—
  
RSUs vested
    
(11,405
)
    
83.81
      
—
  
RSUs cancelled
     —       —       —  
Outstanding, December 31, 2023
    
17,450
    
$
60.81
    
$
—
  

   
Restricted Stock
  
 
  
Number of
Restricted Stock
    
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
    
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2022
    
—
    
$
—
    
$
—
  
Restricted stock granted
    
36,927
      
9.12
      
—
  
Restricted stock vested
    
(3,617
)
    
9.19
      
—
  
Restricted stock cancelled
    
(604
)
    
9.60
      
—
  
Outstanding, December 31, 2023
    
32,706
    
$
9.11
    
$
—
  

Intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the per-share market price of our common stock on the last trading day of 2023, which was $7 and the exercise price of the awards. For awards exercised, the intrinsic value is the difference between market price and the exercise price on the date of exercise.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in operating expense for each period as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award
  
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
    
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
  
Stock options
  
$
1,960
    
$
2,303
  
RSUs
    
778
      
1,027
  
Restricted stock
     40      
 
Total stock-based compensation expense
  
$
2,778
    
$
3,330
  

As of December 31, 2023, there was $3,006 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense; $2,025 related to unvested stock options, $683 related to unvested RSUs, and $298 related to unvested restricted stock. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years for options, 1.74 years for RSUs, and 3.54 years for restricted stock.

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

 
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
    
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
  
Expected stock price volatility
    
81.39
%
    
85.39
%
Risk-free interest rate
    
3.9
%
    
3.09
%
Expected life term
  
5.5 years
    
6.2 years
  
Expected dividends
    
0
%
    
0
%

Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted was $6.96 and $21.77 per share during 2023 and 2022, respectively. The expected life was determined using the simplified method outlined in ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. Expected volatility of the stock options was based upon historical data and other relevant factors.