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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
202220212020
Current:
Federal$(1,463)$(1,701)$(1,537)
State(65)(177)(121)
Foreign79 100 86 
(1,449)(1,778)(1,572)
Deferred:
Federal(408)1,037 1,438 
State(49)(476)424 
Foreign(5)89 21 
(462)650 1,883 
Investment tax credits(5)(4)(3)
Total$(1,916)$(1,132)$308 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax (benefit) expense is as follows for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Income tax credits(124)(27)(16)
Effects of ratemaking(16)(4)(3)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(6)(10)
Non-controlling interest(6)(2)— 
Income tax effect of foreign income(4)— 
Equity loss(3)(1)— 
Other, net(1)
Effective income tax rate(136)%(21)%%
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Regulatory liabilities$1,323 $1,349 
Federal, state and foreign carryforwards812 820 
AROs283 304 
Other741 686 
Total deferred income tax assets3,159 3,159 
Valuation allowances(187)(164)
Total deferred income tax assets, net2,972 2,995 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property-related items(12,244)(11,814)
Investments(1,998)(2,877)
Regulatory assets(898)(764)
Other(510)(478)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(15,650)(15,933)
Net deferred income tax liability$(12,678)$(12,938)
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The following table provides, without regard to valuation allowances, the Company's net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and expiration dates as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
FederalStateForeignTotal
Net operating loss carryforwards(1)
$192 $9,653 $725 $10,570 
Deferred income taxes on net operating loss carryforwards41 562 166 769 
Expiration dates
2023 - indefinite
2023 - indefinite
2028 - 2042
Tax credits$15 $28 $— $43 
Expiration dates
2023 - 2034
2023 - indefinite

(1)The federal net operating loss carryforwards relate principally to net operating loss carryforwards of subsidiaries that are tax residents in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom. The federal net operating loss carryforwards were generated prior to Berkshire Hathaway Inc.'s ownership and began to expire in 2022.
Net Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company's net unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Beginning balance$97 $153 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year15 24 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 13 
Reductions based on tax positions related to the current year(12)(19)
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(23)(83)
Settlements— (1)
Interest and penalties(9)10 
Ending balance$68 $97 
PAC  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2022 20212020
Current:
Federal$(216)$(150)$19 
State(3)30 
Total(219)(143)49 
Deferred:
Federal90 26 (124)
State71 40 
Total161 66 (123)
Investment tax credits(4)(2)(1)
Total income tax (benefit) expense$(62)$(79)$(75)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Effects of ratemaking
(12)(14)(22)
Federal income tax credits
(22)(20)(13)
Valuation allowance— — 
Other— — 
Effective income tax rate(7)%(10)%(11)%
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Regulatory liabilities$724 $682 
Employee benefits59 68 
State carryforwards73 73 
Loss contingencies107 63 
Asset retirement obligations79 73 
Other80 88 
  Total deferred income tax assets1,122 1,047 
Valuation allowances(35)(15)
Total deferred income tax assets, net1,087 1,032 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment(3,612)(3,468)
Regulatory assets(462)(332)
Other(165)(79)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(4,239)(3,879)
Net deferred income tax liability$(3,152)$(2,847)
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The following table provides, without regard to valuation allowances, PacifiCorp's net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and expiration dates as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):
State
Net operating loss carryforwards$1,159 
Deferred income taxes on net operating loss carryforwards$53 
Expiration dates
2023 - indefinite
Tax credit carryforwards$20 
Expiration dates
2023 - indefinite
MEC  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
MidAmerican Energy's income tax benefit consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
202220212020
Current:
Federal$(769)$(736)$(684)
State(34)(92)(94)
(803)(828)(778)
Deferred:
Federal77 189 201 
State(43)(35)
34 154 209 
Investment tax credits(1)(1)(1)
Total$(770)$(675)$(570)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to MidAmerican Energy's effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax benefit is as follows for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Income tax credits(372)(262)(199)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(32)(46)(27)
Effects of ratemaking(23)(20)(17)
Other, net(1)(1)
Effective income tax rate(403)%(308)%(223)%
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
MidAmerican Energy's net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Regulatory liabilities$194 $240 
Asset retirement obligations191 220 
Revenue sharing87 33 
State carryforwards61 55 
Employee benefits37 26 
Other24 (3)
Total deferred income tax assets594 571 
Valuation allowances(2)(1)
Total deferred income tax assets, net592 570 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Depreciable property(3,895)(3,843)
Regulatory assets(128)(112)
Other(2)(4)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(4,025)(3,959)
Net deferred income tax liability$(3,433)$(3,389)
Net Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of MidAmerican Energy's net unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Beginning balance$13 $
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year15 16 
Reductions based on tax positions related to the current year(12)(11)
Ending balance$16 $13 
MidAmerican Funding, LLC  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
MidAmerican Funding's income tax benefit consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
202220212020
Current:
Federal$(773)$(739)$(689)
State(36)(94)(96)
(809)(833)(785)
Deferred:
Federal77 189 204 
State(43)(35)
34 154 212 
Investment tax credits(1)(1)(1)
Total$(776)$(680)$(574)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to MidAmerican Funding's effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax benefit is as follows for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Income tax credits(416)(283)(209)
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(36)(50)(29)
Effects of ratemaking(26)(21)(17)
Other, net(2)(1)
Effective income tax rate(454)%(335)%(235)%
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
MidAmerican Funding's net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Regulatory liabilities$194 $240 
Asset retirement obligations192 220 
Revenue sharing87 33 
State carryforwards61 55 
Employee benefits37 26 
Other24 (3)
Total deferred income tax assets595 571 
Valuation allowances(2)(1)
Total deferred income tax assets, net593 570 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Depreciable property(3,895)(3,843)
Regulatory assets(128)(112)
Other(1)(2)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(4,024)(3,957)
Net deferred income tax liability$(3,431)$(3,387)
Net Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of MidAmerican Funding's net unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
20222021
Beginning balance$13 $
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year15 16 
Reductions based on tax positions related to the current year(12)(11)
Ending balance$16 $13 
NPC  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
202220212020
Current – Federal$(13)$37 $57 
Deferred – Federal49 — (10)
Total income tax expense$36 $37 $47 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows for the years ended December 31:
 202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Effects of ratemaking(11)(11)(8)
Other
Effective income tax rate11 %11 %14 %
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
 20222021
Deferred income tax assets:  
Regulatory liabilities$186 $195 
Operating and finance leases68 73 
Customer advances27 25 
Unamortized contract value20 25 
Other
Total deferred income tax assets310 326 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property related items(821)(800)
Regulatory assets(273)(204)
Operating and finance leases(65)(70)
Other(26)(34)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(1,185)(1,108)
Net deferred income tax liability$(875)$(782)
SPPC  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
202220212020
Current – Federal$(12)$$
Deferred – Federal31 13 12 
Total income tax expense$19 $18 $15 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows for the years ended December 31:
 202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Effects of ratemaking(7)(8)(9)
Effective income tax rate14 %13 %12 %
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
 20222021
Deferred income tax assets:  
Regulatory liabilities$63 $64 
Operating and finance leases26 27 
Customer advances17 14 
Unamortized contract value
Other
Total deferred income tax assets118 119 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property related items(387)(379)
Regulatory assets(135)(94)
Operating and finance leases(25)(27)
Other(16)(21)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(563)(521)
Net deferred income tax liability$(445)$(402)
EEGH  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):

202220212020
Current:
Federal$12 $(47)$(20)
State29 (21)
41 (68)(19)
Deferred:
Federal88 129 23 
State38 56 (28)
126 185 (5)
Total$167 $117 $(24)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income before income tax expense (benefit) is as follows for the years ended December 31:

202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit(13)
Equity interest
Effects of ratemaking(1)(2)
Change in tax status— — (9)
AFUDC-equity— — (1)
Noncontrolling interest(10)(11)(16)
Write-off of regulatory assets— — 
Other, net— 
Effective income tax rate18 %16 %(12)%
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):

20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Federal and state carryforwards$23 $
Employee benefits22 33 
Intangibles112 150 
Derivatives and hedges16 16 
Other
Total deferred income tax assets180 215 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property related items(214)(129)
Partnership investments(51)(49)
Debt exchange(53)(60)
Deferred state income taxes(4)(16)
Other(12)(16)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(334)(270)
Net deferred income tax liability(1)
$(154)$(55)
(1)Net deferred income tax liability, as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, is presented in other assets and other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
EGTS  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]  
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):

202220212020
Current:
Federal$$(22)$48 
State12 (10)
17 (32)54 
Deferred:
Federal64 67 (93)
State28 26 (28)
92 93 (121)
Total$109 $61 $(67)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate applicable to income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) is as follows for the years ended December 31:

202220212020
Federal statutory income tax rate21 %21 %21 %
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit
Effects of ratemaking— — 
AFUDC-equity— — 
Write-off of regulatory assets— — (3)
Other, net(1)(1)(1)
Effective income tax rate29 %28 %27 %
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The net deferred income tax asset consists of the following as of December 31 (in millions):

20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Federal and state carryforwards$$— 
Employee benefits22 31 
Intangibles and goodwill265 298 
Derivatives and hedges11 12 
Other
Total deferred income tax assets308 345 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property related items(146)(77)
Debt exchange(53)(60)
Employee benefits(4)(9)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(203)(146)
Net deferred income tax asset(1)
$105 $199 
(1)Net deferred income tax asset, as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, is presented in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.