Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	1. Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Operations Innoviva Inc. (referred to as "Innoviva", the "Company", or "we" and other similar pronouns) is a company with a portfolio of royalties that includes respiratory assets partnered with Glaxo Group Limited (“GSK”), including RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® (fluticasone furoate/ vilanterol, “FF/VI”), ANORO^® ELLIPTA^® (umeclidinium bromide/ vilanterol, “UMEC/VI”) and TRELEGY^® ELLIPTA^® (the combination FF/UMEC/VI). Under the Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist (“LABA”) Collaboration Agreement, Innoviva is entitled to receive royalties from GSK on sales of RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® as follows: 15% on the first $3.0 billion of annual global net sales and 5% for all annual global net sales above $3.0 billion; and royalties from the sales of ANORO^® ELLIPTA^® which tier upward at a range from 6.5% to 10%. Innoviva is also entitled to 15% of royalty payments made by GSK under its agreements originally entered into with us, and since assigned to Theravance Respiratory Company, LLC (“TRC”), including TRELEGY^® ELLIPTA^® and any other product or combination of products that may be discovered or developed in the future under the LABA Collaboration Agreement and the Strategic Alliance Agreement with GSK (referred to herein as the “GSK Agreements”), which have been assigned to TRC other than RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® and ANORO^® ELLIPTA^®. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or any other period. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innoviva and certain variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. For consolidated entities where we own or are exposed to less than 100% of the economics, we record net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in our unaudited consolidated statements of income equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2020, and as amended on February 21, 2020 (“2019 Form 10-K”). Variable Interest Entities We evaluate our ownership, contractual and other interest in the entities that we invest in to determine if they are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), whether we have a variable interest in those entities and the nature and extent of those interests. Such evaluation is performed continually throughout the entire period when we stay involved with these entities. Based on our evaluation, if we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the entity’s financial results into our financial statements. We consolidate the financial results of TRC and Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc. (“Pulmoquine”), which we have determined to be VIEs, because we have the power to direct the economically significant activities of these entities and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from them, and we are the primary beneficiary of the entities. Equity Investments We invest from time to time in equity securities of private or public companies. If we determine that we do not have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we then determine if we have an ability to exercise significant influence via voting interests, board representation or other business relationships. We may account for the equity investments where we exercise significant influence using either an equity method of accounting or at fair value by electing the fair value option under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 825, Financial Instruments. If the fair value option is applied to an investment that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method, we apply it to all our financial interests in the same entity (equity and debt, including guarantees) that are eligible items. All gains and losses from fair value changes, unrealized and realized, are presented as changes in fair values of equity investments, net on the consolidated statements of income. If we conclude that we do not have an ability to exercise significant influence over an investee, we may elect to account for an equity security without a readily determinable fair value using a measurement alternative. This measurement alternative allows us to measure the equity investment at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. As of September 30, 2020, we accounted for our equity investments in common stock and warrants of Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE American: ARMP) (“Armata ") and Entasis Therapeutics Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ: ETTX) ("Entasis”) at fair value by electing the fair value option and presented the investments as equity investments on the consolidated balance sheets. Accounting Pronouncement Adopted by the Company In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as clarified in subsequent amendments to the initial guidance (collectively, Topic 326). Topic 326 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecast. ASC 326 must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. Topic 326 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted Topic 326 effective January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of the provisions of ASU 2019-12 on our financial statements. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity", which is intended to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in Subtopic 470-20, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options, for convertible instruments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of the provisions of ASU 2020-06 on our financial statements.

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Operations

Innoviva Inc. (referred to as "Innoviva", the "Company", or "we" and other similar pronouns) is a company with a portfolio of royalties that includes respiratory assets partnered with Glaxo Group Limited (“GSK”), including RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® (fluticasone furoate/ vilanterol, “FF/VI”), ANORO^® ELLIPTA^® (umeclidinium bromide/ vilanterol, “UMEC/VI”) and TRELEGY^® ELLIPTA^® (the combination FF/UMEC/VI). Under the Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist (“LABA”) Collaboration Agreement, Innoviva is entitled to receive royalties from GSK on sales of RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® as follows: 15% on the first $3.0 billion of annual global net sales and 5% for all annual global net sales above $3.0 billion; and royalties from the sales of ANORO^® ELLIPTA^® which tier upward at a range from 6.5% to 10%. Innoviva is also entitled to 15% of royalty payments made by GSK under its agreements originally entered into with us, and since assigned to Theravance Respiratory Company, LLC (“TRC”), including TRELEGY^® ELLIPTA^® and any other product or combination of products that may be discovered or developed in the future under the LABA Collaboration Agreement and the Strategic Alliance Agreement with GSK (referred to herein as the “GSK Agreements”), which have been assigned to TRC other than RELVAR^®/BREO^® ELLIPTA^® and ANORO^® ELLIPTA^®.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or any other period.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innoviva and certain variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. For consolidated entities where we own or are exposed to less than 100% of the economics, we record net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in our unaudited consolidated statements of income equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2020, and as amended on February 21, 2020 (“2019 Form 10-K”).

Variable Interest Entities

We evaluate our ownership, contractual and other interest in the entities that we invest in to determine if they are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), whether we have a variable interest in those entities and the nature and extent of those interests. Such evaluation is performed continually throughout the entire period when we stay involved with these entities. Based on our evaluation, if we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the entity’s financial results into our financial statements.

We consolidate the financial results of TRC and Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc. (“Pulmoquine”), which we have determined to be VIEs, because we have the power to direct the economically significant activities of these entities and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from them, and we are the primary beneficiary of the entities.

Equity Investments

We invest from time to time in equity securities of private or public companies. If we determine that we do not have control over these companies under either voting or VIE models, we then determine if we have an ability to exercise significant influence via voting interests, board representation or other business relationships. We may account for the equity investments where we exercise significant influence using either an equity method of accounting or at fair value by electing the fair value option under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 825, Financial Instruments. If the fair value option is applied to an investment that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method, we apply it to all our financial interests in the same entity (equity and debt, including guarantees) that are eligible items. All gains and losses from fair value changes, unrealized and realized, are presented as changes in fair values of equity investments, net on the consolidated statements of income.

If we conclude that we do not have an ability to exercise significant influence over an investee, we may elect to account for an equity security without a readily determinable fair value using a measurement alternative. This measurement alternative allows us to measure the equity investment at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

As of September 30, 2020, we accounted for our equity investments in common stock and warrants of Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE American: ARMP) (“Armata ") and Entasis Therapeutics Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ: ETTX) ("Entasis”) at fair value by electing the fair value option and presented the investments as equity investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounting Pronouncement Adopted by the Company

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as clarified in subsequent amendments to the initial guidance (collectively, Topic 326). Topic 326 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecast. ASC 326 must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. Topic 326 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted Topic 326 effective January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of the provisions of ASU 2019-12 on our financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity", which is intended to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in Subtopic 470-20, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options, for convertible instruments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of the provisions of ASU 2020-06 on our financial statements.