Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	8. Income Taxes Provisional income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $8.5 million, compared to a minimal amount for the same period in 2018 as a full valuation allowance was maintained on the Company's gross deferred taxes. The difference between the Company’s effective income tax rate of 17.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% is primarily attributable to state income tax, non-deductible expenses and noncontrolling interest.

Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

8. Income Taxes

Provisional income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $8.5 million, compared to a minimal amount for the same period in 2018 as a full valuation allowance was maintained on the Company's gross deferred taxes. The difference between the Company’s effective income tax rate of 17.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% is primarily attributable to state income tax, non-deductible expenses and noncontrolling interest.