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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

Provisional income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $20.5 million and $65.6 million, respectively, compared to $8.9 million and $44.7 million for the same periods in 2020 respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was 16.9%, compared to 17.0% for the same period in 2020. The income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was determined based upon estimates of the Company’s effective income tax rates in various jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to non-deductible expenses, noncontrolling interest and state income taxes.