262Tejo

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020      

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 000-25711

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

delaware	77-0430270
[State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization]	[I.R.S Employer Identification No.]
6480 Via Del Oro, San Jose, California	95119
[Address of principal executive office]	[Zip Code]

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 579-2800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	EXTR	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” and “an emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.     Yes  ☐    No  ☐

As of May 5, 2020, the registrant had 120,209,507 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED

March 31, 2020

INDEX

		PAGE
PART I. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	59
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	60
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	60
Item 5.	Other Information	60
Item 6.	Exhibits	61
Signatures		62

2

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2020			June 30, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	196,350		$	169,607
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,686 and $1,054, respectively		96,212			174,414
Inventories		66,214			63,589
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		36,737			34,379
Total current assets		395,513			441,989
Property and equipment, net		62,961			73,554
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		53,015			—
Intangible assets, net		77,152			51,112
Goodwill		331,084			138,577
Other assets		53,727			51,642
Total assets	$	973,452		$	756,874
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2,181     and $489, respectively	$	16,819		$	9,011
Accounts payable		52,981			65,704
Accrued compensation and benefits		34,745			51,625
Accrued warranty		15,222			14,779
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		18,197			—
Current portion of deferred revenue		174,900			144,230
Other accrued liabilities		61,665			70,680
Total current liabilities		374,529			356,029
Deferred revenue, less current portion		96,799			59,012
Long-term debt, less current portion, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $6,796    and $1,261, respectively		399,704			169,739
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		53,855			—
Deferred income taxes		2,233			1,957
Other long-term liabilities		29,932			54,150
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value, issuable in series, 2,000 shares      authorized; none issued		—			—
Common stock, $.001 par value, 750,000 shares authorized; 126,736 and 121,538 shares issued, respectively; 120,139 and 119,172 shares outstanding, respectively		127			122
Additional paid-in-capital		1,024,836			986,772
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(6,388	)		(2,473	)
Accumulated deficit		(959,062	)		(853,434	)
Treasury stock at cost: 6,597 and 2,366 shares, respectively		(43,113	)		(15,000	)
Total stockholders’ equity		16,400			115,987
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	973,452		$	756,874

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Net revenues:
Product	$	136,547		$	190,740		$	512,173		$	558,027
Service		72,972			60,124			220,324			185,403
Total net revenues		209,519			250,864			732,497			743,430
Cost of revenues:
Product		71,927			86,876			254,705			256,906
Service		26,257			25,069			80,543			74,235
Total cost of revenues		98,184			111,945			335,248			331,141
Gross profit:
Product		64,620			103,864			257,468			301,121
Service		46,715			35,055			139,781			111,168
Total gross profit		111,335			138,919			397,249			412,289
Operating expenses:
Research and development		50,577			52,081			165,073			155,526
Sales and marketing		70,132			72,321			216,925			208,245
General and administrative		15,119			15,479			45,199			42,136
Acquisition and integration costs		5,156			—			30,075			2,613
Restructuring charges, net of reversals and impairment		6,648			—			19,407			1,282
Amortization of intangibles		2,059			1,292			6,366			5,008
Total operating expenses		149,691			141,173			483,045			414,810
Operating loss		(38,356	)		(2,254	)		(85,796	)		(2,521	)
Interest income		222			628			1,366			1,665
Interest expense		(5,979	)		(2,996	)		(17,377	)		(9,588	)
Other  income (expense), net		1,318			(433	)		1,128			(345	)
Loss before income taxes		(42,795	)		(5,055	)		(100,679	)		(10,789	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		1,557			1,877			4,949			(1,991	)
Net loss	$	(44,352	)	$	(6,932	)	$	(105,628	)	$	(8,798	)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.07	)
Shares used in per share calculation - basic and diluted		119,162			117,944			119,648			117,619

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Net loss	$	(44,352	)	$	(6,932	)	$	(105,628	)	$	(8,798	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments - interest rate swaps		(958	)		—			(958	)		—
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments		(2,945	)		176			(2,957	)		(349	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:		(3,903	)		176			(3,915	)		(349	)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(48,255	)	$	(6,756	)	$	(109,543	)	$	(9,147	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands) (unaudited)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-			Accumulated Other			Treasury Stock						Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		In-Capital			Comprehensive Loss			Shares			Amount			Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		119,089	$	119	$	962,924		$	(2,725	)		(2,366	)	$	(15,000	)	$	(829,447	)	$	115,871
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			—			(6,932	)		(6,932	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			176			—			—			—			176
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, net of tax		1,946		2		8,037			—			—			—			—			8,039
Share-based compensation		—		—		8,814			—			—			—			—			8,814
Balance at March 31, 2019		121,035	$	121	$	979,775		$	(2,549	)		(2,366	)	$	(15,000	)	$	(836,379	)	$	125,968
Balance at June 30, 2018		116,124	$	116	$	942,397		$	(1,703	)		—		$	—		$	(828,078	)	$	112,732
Cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-01		—		—		—			(497	)		—			—			497			—
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			(8,798	)		(8,798	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(349	)		—			—			—			(349	)
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, net of tax		4,911		5		13,039			—			—			—			—			13,044
Repurchase of stock		—		—		—			—			(2,366	)		(15,000	)		—			(15,000	)
Share-based compensation		—		—		24,339			—			—			—			—			24,339
Balance at March 31, 2019		121,035	$	121	$	979,775		$	(2,549	)		(2,366	)	$	(15,000	)	$	(836,379	)	$	125,968
Balance at December 31, 2019		124,616	$	125	$	1,008,176		$	(2,485	)		(6,216	)	$	(40,179	)	$	(914,710	)	$	50,927
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			(44,352	)		(44,352	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(3,903	)		—			—			—			(3,903	)
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, net of tax		2,120		2		6,583			—			—			—			—			6,585
Equity forward contract		—		—		4,821			—			—			—			—			4,821
Repurchase of stock		—		—		(1,887	)		—			(381	)		(2,934	)		—			(4,821	)
Share-based compensation		—		—		7,143			—			—			—			—			7,143
Balance at March 31, 2020		126,736	$	127	$	1,024,836		$	(6,388	)		(6,597	)	$	(43,113	)	$	(959,062	)	$	16,400
Balance at June 30, 2019		121,538	$	122	$	986,772		$	(2,473	)		(2,366	)	$	(15,000	)	$	(853,434	)	$	115,987
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			(105,628	)		(105,628	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(3,915	)		—			—			—			(3,915	)
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, net of tax		5,198		5		9,486			—			—			—			—			9,491
Stock awards granted in connection with acquisition		—		—		3,530			—			—			—			—			3,530
Repurchase of stock		—		—		(1,887	)		—			(4,231	)		(28,113	)		—			(30,000	)
Share-based compensation		—		—		26,935			—			—			—			—			26,935
Balance at March 31, 2020		126,736	$	127	$	1,024,836		$	(6,388	)		(6,597	)	$	(43,113	)	$	(959,062	)	$	16,400

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(105,628	)	$	(8,798	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		21,719			20,026
Amortization of intangible assets		26,460			19,734
Reduction in carrying amount of right-of-use asset		12,469			—
Provision for doubtful accounts		1,267			1,369
Share-based compensation		26,935			24,339
Deferred income taxes		1,293			(6,030	)
Non-cash restructuring and impairment charges		7,622			—
Non-cash interest expense		3,070			2,308
Other		(395	)		15
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions
Accounts receivable		88,688			69,328
Inventories		16,373			6,222
Prepaid expenses and other assets		438			(6,993	)
Accounts payable		(21,530	)		(26,348	)
Accrued compensation and benefits		(24,009	)		(17,502	)
Operating lease liabilities		(13,222	)		—
Deferred revenue		43			13,197
Other current and long-term liabilities		(14,532	)		(11,365	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		27,061			79,502
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(12,630	)		(16,181	)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(219,458	)		—
Maturities and sales of investments		45,249			727
Net cash used in investing activities		(186,839	)		(15,454	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under Revolving Facility		55,000			—
Borrowings under Term Loan		199,500			—
Repayments of debt		(29,767	)		(17,403	)
Loan fees on borrowings		(10,514	)		(545	)
Repurchase of common stock		(30,000	)		(15,000	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of tax withholding		9,491			13,044
Payment of contingent consideration obligations		(3,448	)		(5,274	)
Deferred payments on an acquisition		(3,000	)		(3,000	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		187,262			(28,178	)
Foreign currency effect on cash		(741	)		(196	)
Net increase in cash		26,743			35,674
Cash at beginning of period		169,607			121,139
Cash at end of period	$	196,350		$	156,813

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Extreme Networks, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Extreme” or the “Company”), is a leader in providing software-driven networking solutions for enterprise customers.  The Company conducts its sales and marketing activities on a worldwide basis through distributors, resellers and the Company’s field sales organization. Extreme was incorporated in California in 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Extreme included herein have been prepared under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted under such rules and regulations.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2019 was derived from audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. These interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented and the financial condition of Extreme at March 31, 2020. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal 2020 or any future periods.

Fiscal Year

The Company uses a fiscal calendar year ending on June 30.  All references herein to “fiscal 2020” or “2020” represent the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020.  All references herein to “fiscal 2019” or “2019” represent the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Extreme and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company predominantly uses the United States Dollar as its functional currency.  The functional currency for certain of its foreign subsidiaries is the local currency.  For those subsidiaries that operate in a local functional currency environment, all assets and liabilities are translated to United States Dollars at current month end rates of exchange and revenue and expenses are translated using the monthly average rate.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a description of significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for the adoption of the new lease guidance, new derivatives and hedging guidance and related policies as discussed within these financial statements.

8

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires the identification of arrangements that should be accounted for as leases by lessees and lessors, and key disclosure information about leasing arrangements. In general, for lease arrangements exceeding a twelve-month term, these arrangements are recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of the lessee. Under Topic 842, a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and lease obligation are recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the statement of operations will reflect lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of Topic 842 is calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. Topic 842 also requires lessors to classify leases as a sales-type, direct financing or operating lease.  A lease is a sales-type lease if any one of five criteria are met, each of which indicate that the lease, in effect, transfers control of the underlying asset to the lessee. If none of those five criteria are met, but two additional criteria are both met, indicating that the lessor has transferred substantially all of the risks and benefits to the lessee and a third party, the lease is a direct financing lease.  All leases that are not sales-type or direct financing leases are operating leases. Substantially all of the Company’s leases continue to be classified as operating leases. In addition, Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No 2018-10, Codification Improvements; ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements; ASU 2018-20 Narrow Scope Improvements; and ASU 2019-01 Codification Improvements.

The Company adopted the new standards beginning with its fiscal year 2020. Topic 842 is applied on the modified retrospective method, applying the new standard to all leases existing as of July 1, 2019. The Company adopted the new standard using the effective date of July 1, 2019 as the date of initial application. Consequently, financial information has not been updated, and disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods prior to July 1, 2019.

The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” which permitted the Company not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. The new standard also provided practical expedients for ongoing accounting. The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualified. For those leases that qualified, existing short-term leases at the transition date and those entered into subsequent to the transition date, the Company did not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components for leases except for the logistic services asset class and certain revenue subscription contracts where the Company leases its hardware products and provides maintenance and support over a service period which is recognized under ASC Topic 606. See Note 9, Leases, for additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

On July 1, 2019, the Company recognized ROU assets of $64.6 million and corresponding lease liabilities of $79.5 million on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, which was based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under current leasing standards for existing operating leases.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which is intended to allow companies to better align risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results by expanding and refining hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and aligning the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. In addition, in October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which amends Topic 815 to add the overnight index swap (OIS) rate based on the secured overnight financing rate as a fifth U.S. benchmark interest rate. In addition, Topic 815 was subsequently amended by ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements. These standards are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard was adopted on July 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to manage its exposure to fluctuations of interest rates associated with its debt.  See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging, for additional information.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), which allows the reclassification from Additional Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act"). The amount of the reclassification is the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts and related valuation allowances related to items remaining in AOCI. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The new standard is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effects of the change in the income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act are recognized. The standard was adopted on July 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates. This guidance is

9

effective upon issuance and can be applied to applicable contract modifications through December 31, 2022. The Company elected to apply the amendments in this update to eligible hedging relationships existing as of January 1, 2020 or entered into during the three months ended March 31, 2020 in accordance with the transition options available. This guidance did not have any impact upon adoption. The Company will apply this guidance to transactions or modifications of these arrangements as appropriate through transition period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The standard changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. It replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model. It also requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recognized as an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction to the carrying value of the securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company currently plans to adopt this standard beginning with its fiscal year 2021, beginning on July 1, 2020.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which removes, modifies and adds various disclosure requirements around the topic in order to clarify and improve the cost-benefit nature of disclosures. For example, disclosures around transfers between fair value hierarchy levels will be removed and further detail around changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period and unobservable inputs determining Level 3 fair value measurements will be added.  This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within the fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This guidance is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2021, beginning on July 1, 2020.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a service contract hosting arrangement with those of developing or obtaining internal-use software. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within the fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This guidance is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2021, beginning on July 1, 2020.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740), which reduces the complexity of accounting for income taxes including the removal of certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740, Income Taxes, and simplification in several other areas such as accounting for franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within the fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This guidance is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2022, beginning on July 1, 2021.

3.Revenues

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts from Customers (Topic 606), which the Company adopted on July 1, 2017, using the retrospective method.  The Company derives the majority of its revenue from sales of its networking equipment, with the remaining revenue generated from software delivered as a service (“SaaS”) and service fees primarily relating to maintenance contracts with additional revenues from professional services, and training for its products. The Company sells its products and maintenance contracts direct to customers and to partners in two distribution channels, or tiers. The first tier consists of a limited number of independent distributors that stock its products and sell primarily to resellers.  The second tier of the distribution channel consists of non-stocking distributors and value-added resellers that sell directly to end-users.  Products and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages.

Revenue Recognition         

Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, as the promise to transfer individual goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, is distinct.  For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price.  The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells these products.  For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling prices using the best estimated selling price approach.  

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The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time as the customer receives and consumes the benefits provided. Substantially all of the Company’s product sales revenues are recognized at a point in time. Substantially all of the Company’s service and SaaS revenue is recognized over time. For revenue recognized over time, the Company uses an input measure, days elapsed, to measure progress.  

On March 31, 2020, the Company had $271.7 million of remaining performance obligations, which are primarily comprised of deferred maintenance and SaaS revenue.  The Company expects to recognize approximately 24 percent of its deferred revenue as revenue in fiscal 2020, an additional 46 percent in fiscal 2021 and 30 percent of the balance thereafter.

Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable and deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Services provided under renewable support arrangements of the Company are billed in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, which are either billed fully at the inception of contract or at periodic intervals (e.g., quarterly or annually).  The Company sometimes receives payments from its customers in advance of services being provided, resulting in deferred revenues.  These liabilities are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each period was $64.3 million and $54.8 million, respectively. Revenue recognized for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each period was $116.7 million and $110.8 million, respectively.

Contract Costs. The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.  Management expects that commission fees paid to sales representatives as a result of obtaining service contracts and contract renewals are recoverable and therefore the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets included capitalized balances in the amount of $7.4 million and $6.5 million at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively.  Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average period of service contracts of approximately three years, and are included in “Sales and marketing” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amortization recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, was $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Amortization recognized during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $4.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.  

Estimated Variable Consideration. There were no material changes in the current period to the estimated variable consideration for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied during previous periods. 

Revenue by Category

The following table sets forth the Company’s revenue disaggregated by sales channel and geographic region based on the customer’s ship-to locations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020						March 31, 2019
	Distributor		Direct		Total		Distributor		Direct		Total
Americas:
United States	$	38,666	$	56,391	$	95,057	$	72,071	$	56,096	$	128,167
Other		3,277		5,781		9,058		4,930		5,589		10,519
Total Americas		41,943		62,172		104,115		77,001		61,685		138,686
EMEA		49,979		33,630		83,609		48,834		35,076		83,910
APAC		3,242		18,553		21,795		4,850		23,418		28,268
Total net revenues	$	95,164	$	114,355	$	209,519	$	130,685	$	120,179	$	250,864

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	Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020						March 31, 2019
	Distributor		Direct		Total		Distributor		Direct		Total
Americas:
United States	$	168,755	$	180,358	$	349,113	$	172,752	$	171,359	$	344,111
Other		15,496		16,343		31,839		17,893		16,494		34,387
Total Americas		184,251		196,701		380,952		190,645		187,853		378,498
EMEA		173,825		107,521		281,346		190,041		98,687		288,728
APAC		18,362		51,837		70,199		11,967		64,237		76,204
Total net revenues	$	376,438	$	356,059	$	732,497	$	392,653	$	350,777	$	743,430

Included in the above amounts are $2.2 million and $6.9 million of leasing revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Included in the above amounts are $2.7 million and $8.6 million of leasing revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.

Customer Concentrations

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral in exchange for credit.

The following table sets forth major customers accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019
Tech Data Corporation	19%	14%	16%	17%
Jenne Corporation	*	21%	13%	15%
Westcon Group Inc.	19%	12%	14%	13%

* Less than 10% of net revenue.

The following table sets forth major customers accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable balance:

	March 31, 2020			June 30, 2019
Tech Data Corporation		11	%		12	%
Jenne Corporation		10	%		35	%
Westcon Group Inc.		14	%	*

* Less than 10% of accounts receivable.

4. Business Combination

Aerohive Acquisition

On August 9, 2019 (the “Acquisition Date”) the Company consummated its acquisition (the “Acquisition”) of all of the outstanding common stock of Aerohive Networks, Inc. (“Aerohive”) pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) entered into as of June 26, 2019.  Under the terms of the Acquisition, the preliminary net consideration paid by Extreme to Aerohive stockholders was $267.1 million.  

The Acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the acquired assets and liabilities of Aerohive have been recorded at their respective fair values and added to those of the Company including an amount for goodwill calculated as the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets.  The purchase price was preliminarily allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final purchase price allocation is pending the finalization of valuations including intangible assets, goodwill and income tax assets and liabilities that the Company is not able to finalize yet, which may result in an adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation. 

The estimated fair values were determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques, including work performed by third-party valuation specialists. The fair value of working capital related items, such as other current assets and accrued liabilities, approximated their book values at the Acquisition Date. Inventories were valued at fair value using the net realizable value approach. The fair value of the acquired deferred revenue was estimated using the cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value using estimates of the costs required to provide the contracted deliverables plus an assumed profit. The total costs including the assumed profit were adjusted to present value using a discount rate that was considered appropriate. The resulting

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fair value approximates the amount the Company would be required to pay to a third party to assume the obligation. Intangible assets were valued using income approaches based on management projections, which the Company considers to be Level 3 inputs. The Company also continues to analyze the tax implications of the Acquisition and the intangible assets which may ultimately impact the overall level of goodwill associated with the acquisition.  Results of operations of Aerohive have been included in the operations of the Company beginning with the Acquisition Date. 

The components of aggregate purchase consideration are as follows (in thousands):

Estimated purchase consideration	August 9, 2019
Cash paid to acquire outstanding shares	$	263,616
Replacement of stock-based awards		3,530
Aggregate estimated purchase consideration	$	267,146

The preliminary purchase price allocation is set forth in the table below and reflects estimated fair values (in thousands).

	Preliminary Allocation as of August 9, 2019			Adjustments				Allocation as of March 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,158		$	—			$	44,158
Short-term investments		45,148			—				45,148
Accounts receivable, net		11,753			—				11,753
Inventories		16,698			2,534		a		19,232
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,980			(56	)	b		3,924
Property and equipment		2,185			179		c		2,364
Operating lease right-of-use assets		6,336			—				6,336
Other assets		2,195			—				2,195
Debt		(20,000	)		—				(20,000	)
Accounts payable		(9,737	)		—				(9,737	)
Accrued compensation and benefits		(7,129	)		—				(7,129	)
Accrued warranty		(570	)		—				(570	)
Other accrued liabilities		(1,960	)		—				(1,960	)
Operating lease liabilities		(4,752	)		—				(4,752	)
Deferred revenue		(68,415	)		—				(68,415	)
Other liabilities		(408	)		—				(408	)
Net tangible assets		19,482			2,657				22,139
Identifiable intangible assets		53,400			(900	)	d		52,500
Goodwill		194,264			(1,757	)	a,b,c,d		192,507
Total intangible assets acquired		247,664			(2,657	)			245,007
Total net assets acquired	$	267,146			—			$	267,146

The changes during the period in the table above include: a) adjustment of the fair value of inventories acquired, b) write-off of an asset with no future economic value as of the Acquisition Date, c) adjustment to the value of property and equipment as of the Acquisition Date at an international location, and d) adjustment to the fair value of intangibles.

The following table presents details of the identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the Acquisition (dollars in thousands):

Intangible Assets	Estimated Useful Life (in years)		Amount
Developed technology		4	$	39,100
Backlog		1		400
Customer relationships		7		11,400
Trade names		1		1,600
Total identifiable intangible assets			$	52,500

The amortization for the developed technology and backlog is recorded in “Cost of revenues” for product and service and the amortization for the remaining intangibles is recorded in “Amortization of intangibles” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of

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Aerohive. The Company will not be entitled to amortization of the goodwill and intangible assets for tax purposes as the Acquisition is a nontaxable stock acquisition.

The results of operations of Aerohive are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations beginning August 9, 2019.  The Aerohive revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 was $27.0 million and $94.3 million, respectively, and was incorporated into the revenue of the Company. Certain associated expenses of Aerohive were incorporated with the results of operations of the Company and, therefore, stand-alone operating results are not available.

In the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, the Company incurred acquisition and integration related expenses of $5.2 million and $30.1 million, respectively, associated with the Acquisition. In the quarter ended September 30, 2019, this included a $6.8 million compensation charge for certain Aerohive Executive stock awards which were accelerated due to change-in-control and termination provisions included in the Executives’ employment contracts. Other acquisition and integration costs consist primarily of professional fees for financial and legal advisory services and severance charges for terminated Aerohive employees.  Such acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in “Acquisition and integration costs” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma results of operations are presented as though the Acquisition had occurred as of July 1, 2018, the beginning of fiscal 2019, after giving effect to purchase accounting adjustments relating to inventories, deferred revenue, depreciation and amortization of intangibles, acquisition and integration costs, interest income and expense and related tax effects.

The pro forma results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the combined results that would have occurred had the acquisition been consummated as of the beginning of fiscal 2019, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results. The unaudited pro forma results do not include the impact of synergies, nor any potential impacts on current or future market conditions which could alter the unaudited pro forma results.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 combines the historical results for Extreme for such periods, which include the results of Aerohive subsequent to the Acquisition Date, and Aerohive’s historical results up to the Acquisition Date.

Pro forma results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 combines the historical results of operations for Extreme and for Aerohive.

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma financial information (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Net revenues	$	210,255		$	282,229		$	746,301		$	850,337
Net loss	$	(37,873	)	$	(23,272	)	$	(66,720	)	$	(83,051	)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.71	)
Shares used in per share calculation - basic and diluted		119,162			117,944			119,648			117,619

5. Balance Sheet Accounts

Inventories

The Company values its inventory at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company adjusts the carrying value of its inventory when conditions exist that suggest that inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon assumptions about future demand. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. Any written down or obsolete inventory subsequently sold has not had a material impact on gross margin for any of the periods presented.

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		June 30, 2019
Finished goods	$	55,790	$	49,492
Raw materials		10,424		14,097
Total Inventories	$	66,214	$	63,589

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Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020			June 30, 2019
Computers and equipment	$	75,134		$	72,309
Purchased software		33,467			29,126
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures		11,405			10,815
Leasehold improvements		52,167			51,245
Total property and equipment		172,173			163,495
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(109,212	)		(89,941	)
Property and equipment, net	$	62,961		$	73,554

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue represents amounts for (i) deferred maintenance and support revenue, (ii) deferred SaaS revenue, and (iii) other deferred revenue including professional services and training when the revenue recognition criteria have not been met.   

Guarantees and Product Warranties

The majority of the Company’s hardware products are shipped with either a one-year warranty or a limited lifetime warranty, and software products receive a 90-day warranty. Upon shipment of products to its customers, the Company estimates expenses for the cost to repair or replace products that may be returned under warranty and accrues a liability in cost of product revenue for this amount. The determination of the Company’s warranty requirements is based on actual historical experience with the product or product family, estimates of repair and replacement costs and any product warranty problems that are identified after shipment.  The Company estimates and adjusts these accruals at each balance sheet date in accordance with changes in these factors.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s product warranty liability during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Balance beginning of period	$	16,209		$	12,808		$	14,779		$	12,807
Warranties assumed due to acquisitions		—			—			570			—
New warranties issued		4,810			4,510			16,271			12,377
Warranty expenditures		(5,797	)		(4,112	)		(16,398	)		(11,978	)
Balance end of period	$	15,222		$	13,206		$	15,222		$	13,206

To facilitate sales of its products in the normal course of business, the Company indemnifies its resellers and end-user customers with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the customer harmless against losses arising from a breach of intellectual property infringement or other. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim.  It is not possible to estimate the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material impact on its operating results or financial position.

Other Long-term Liabilities

The following is a summary of long-term liabilities (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		June 30, 2019
Acquisition-related deferred payments, less current portion	$	6,797	$	9,604
Contingent consideration obligations, less current portion		626		2,688
Other contractual obligations, less current portion		18,707		26,261
Other		3,802		15,597
Total other long-term liabilities	$	29,932	$	54,150

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Concentrations

The Company may be subject to concentration of credit risk as a result of certain financial instruments consisting of accounts receivable and short-term investments. The Company does not invest an amount exceeding 10% of its combined cash or cash equivalents in the securities of any one obligor or maker, except for obligations of the United States government, obligations of United States government agencies and money market accounts. 

6. Fair Value Measurements

A three-tier fair value hierarchy is utilized to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels are defined as follows:

• Level 1 Inputs - unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 Inputs - quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and

• Level 3 Inputs - unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions in measuring the asset or liability at fair value.

The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2020 (in thousands). The Company had one fair value item at June 30, 2019, a level 3 acquisition-related contingent consideration obligation of $6.3 million.

March 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Foreign currency derivatives	$	—	$	231	$	—	$	231
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	231	$	—	$	231
Liabilities
Foreign currency derivatives	$	—	$	97	$	—	$	97
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	958	$	—	$	958
Acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations	$	—	$	—	$	2,940	$	2,940
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	1,055	$	2,940	$	3,995

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Level 1 Assets and Liabilities:  

The Company has no Level 1 assets or liabilities at March 31, 2020 or June 30, 2019.

Level 2 Assets and Liabilities:  

The fair value of derivative instruments under our foreign currency contracts is estimated based on valuations provided by alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs which is considered Level 2.

As of March 31, 2020, forward foreign currency contracts had a notional principal amount of $13.3 million and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, there were gains of $0.1 million. These contracts have maturities of less than 30 days. Changes in the fair value of these foreign exchange forward contracts are included in other income or expense. See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging, for additional information.

The fair values of the interest rate swaps are based upon inputs corroborated by observable market data which is considered Level 2. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had entered into multiple interest rate swap contracts with the total notional amount of $200 million. Changes in fair value of these contracts are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2020, these contracts had an unrealized loss of $1.0 million. See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging, for additional information.

The fair value of the borrowings under the 2019 Credit Agreement (as defined below) is estimated based on valuations provided by alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs which is considered Level 2.  Due to the recent establishment of the 2019 Credit Agreement, the fair value approximates the face amount of the Company’s indebtedness of $425.5 million and $180.5 million as of March 31, 2020, and June 30, 2019, respectively.

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities: 

At March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the Company reflected one liability measured at fair value of $2.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, for contingent consideration related to a certain acquisition completed in fiscal 2018. The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligation is determined using Level 3 inputs. These fair value measurements represent Level 3 measurements as they are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period.  Accordingly, changes in assumptions could have a material impact on the amount of contingent consideration expense the Company records in any given period.  Changes in the value of the contingent consideration obligations is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.                

The change in the acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations is as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Beginning balance		6,298
Payments		(3,448	)
Accretion on discount		90
Ending balance	$	2,940

There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, or 2019. There were no impairments recorded for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, or 2019.

The Company determines the basis of the cost of a security sold or the amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings using the specific identification method.  Realized gains or losses recognized on the sale of investment securities were not significant for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020,or 2019.

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table reflects the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	138,577
Additions due to acquisition (see Note 4)		192,507
Balance at end of period	$	331,084

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The following tables summarize the components of gross and net intangible asset balances (dollars in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Remaining Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Net Carrying
	Period	Amount		Amortization		Amount
March 31, 2020
Developed technology	2.6 years	$	156,100	$	97,193	$	58,907
Customer relationships	4.8 years		63,039		48,281		14,758
Backlog	— years		400		400		—
Trade names	1.5 years		10,700		7,794		2,906
License agreements	5.6 years		2,445		1,864		581
Other intangibles	— years		1,382		1,382		—
Total intangibles, net		$	234,066	$	156,914	$	77,152

	Weighted Average
	Remaining Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Net Carrying
	Period	Amount		Amortization		Amount
June 30, 2019
Developed technology	2.4 years	$	117,000	$	77,449	$	39,551
Customer relationships	2.0 years		51,639		44,410		7,229
Trade names	2.4 years		9,100		5,647		3,453
License agreements	5.4 years		2,445		1,661		784
Other intangibles	0.6 years		1,382		1,287		95
Total intangibles, net		$	181,566	$	130,454	$	51,112

The amortization expense of intangibles for the periods presented is summarized below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Amortization in “Cost of revenues: Product and Service”	$	6,629	$	4,890	$	20,094	$	14,726
Amortization of intangibles in "Operations"		2,059		1,292		6,366		5,008
Total amortization	$	8,688	$	6,182	$	26,460	$	19,734

The amortization expense that is recognized in “Cost of revenues: Product and Service” is comprised of amortization for developed technology, license agreements and other intangibles.

8. Debt

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020			June 30, 2019
Current portion of long-term debt:
Term Loan	$	19,000		$	9,500
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,181	)		(489	)
Current portion of long-term debt	$	16,819		$	9,011
Long-term debt, less current portion:
Term Loan	$	351,500		$	171,000
Revolving Facility		55,000			—
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(6,796	)		(1,261	)
Total long-term debt, less current portion		399,704			169,739
Total debt	$	416,523		$	178,750

In connection with the Acquisition as discussed in Note 4, on August 9, 2019, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, as borrower, several banks and other financial institutions as Lenders, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as an issuing lender and swingline lender, Silicon Valley Bank, as an Issuing Lender, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders.

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The 2019 Credit Agreement provides for a 5-year first lien term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $380 million and a 5-year revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $75 million (the “2019 Revolving Facility”).  In addition, the Company may request incremental term loans and/or incremental revolving loan commitments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the sum of $100 million plus an unlimited amount that is subject to pro forma compliance with certain financial tests. On August 9, 2019, the Company used the proceeds to partially fund the Acquisition and for working capital and general corporate purposes.

At the Company’s election, the initial term loan under the 2019 Credit Agreement may be made as either base rate loans or Eurodollar loans. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.25% to 2.50% per annum and the applicable margin for Eurodollar loans ranges from 1.25% to 3.50%, in each case based on Extreme’s consolidated leverage ratio. All Eurodollar loans are subject to a Base Rate of 0.00%. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee of between 0.25% and 0.40% quarterly (currently 0.35%) on the unused portion of the 2019 Revolving Facility, also based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio.  Principal installments are payable on the new term loan in varying percentages quarterly starting December 31, 2019 and to the extent not previously paid, all outstanding balances are to be paid at maturity.  The 2019 Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets.

The 2019 Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain certain minimum financial ratios at the end of each fiscal quarter. The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes covenants and restrictions that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens upon any of its property, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of its assets. The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default which may result in acceleration of the outstanding balance.

Financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining long-term financing are deferred and amortized over the term of the related indebtedness or credit agreement.  The Company incurred $10.5 million of deferred financing costs in conjunction with this modification of the debt and continues to amortize $1.6 million of debt issuance costs as of August 9, 2019 that were associated with the previous facility.  The interest rate as of March 31, 2020 was 5.1%.

Amortization of deferred financing costs included in “Interest expense” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations totaled $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and totaled $1.8 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 The Company had $7.7 million of outstanding letters of credit as of March 31, 2020.

On April 8, 2020, the Company entered into the first amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) to waive certain terms and financial covenants of the 2019 Credit Agreement through July 31, 2020. On May 8, 2020, the Company entered into the second amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) which supersedes the First Amendment and provides certain revised terms and financial covenants through March 31, 2021.  Subsequent to March 31, 2021, the original terms and financial covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement will resume in effect. The Second Amendment requires the Company to maintain certain minimum cash requirement and certain financial metrics at the end of each fiscal quarter through March 31, 2021. Under the terms of the Second Amendment, the Company is not permitted to exceed $55.0 million in its outstanding balance under the 2019 Revolving Facility, the applicable margin for Eurodollar rate will be 4.5% and the Company is restricted  from pursuing certain activities such as incurring additional debt, stock repurchases, making acquisitions or declaring a dividend, until the Company
is in compliance with the original covenants of the 2019 Credit Agreement.

9. Leases

Lessee Considerations

The Company leases certain facilities, equipment, and vehicles under operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal 2028. Its leases generally have terms that range from one year to eight years for its facilities, one year to five years for equipment, and one year to five years for vehicles. Some of its leases contain renewal options, escalation clauses, rent concessions, and leasehold improvement incentives.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company has elected not to recognize a lease liability or right-of-use (“ROU”) asset for short-term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of future payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate because the rate implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate for collateralized borrowings based on the current economic environment, credit history, credit rating, value of leases, currency in which the lease obligation is satisfied, rate sensitivity, lease term and materiality. Operating lease assets also included a reclassification for previous asset impairments and associated restructuring liabilities, deferred rent, lease incentives and initial direct costs which reduced the operating lease ROU assets as of July 1, 2019.

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Some operating leases contain lease and non-lease components. Certain lease contracts include fixed payments for services, such as operations, maintenance, or other services. The Company has elected to account for fixed lease and non-lease components as a single lease component except for the logistic service asset class. Cash payments made for non-lease costs and variable lease costs are not included in the measurement of operating lease assets and liabilities and are recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as incurred. Some lease terms include one or more options to renew. The Company does not assume renewals in its determination of the lease term unless it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees.

Activity and other information relating to operating leases is as follows (in thousands except for lease term and discount rate):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2020
Operating lease costs	$	4,871	$	14,874
Variable lease costs		1,613		4,548
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating liabilities		5,328		16,159
ROU assets obtained for new lease obligations		1,103		2,525
ROU assets obtained from Aerohive business combination		—		6,336

	March 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		4.5
Weighted Average Discount Rate		4.5	%

Short-term lease expense which represents expense for leases that have terms of one year or less was not material for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020.

The maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020 by fiscal year are as follows:

	Operating Leases (in thousands)
2020 (remaining three months)	$	5,356
2021		20,509
2022		19,351
2023		15,666
2024		6,333
Thereafter		12,396
Total future minimum lease payments		79,611
Less amount representing interest		7,559
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,052
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	18,197
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	53,855

As of June 30, 2019, the minimum future rentals on non-cancellable operating leases by fiscal year, based on the previous accounting standard, were as follows:

	Operating Leases (in thousands)
2020	$	22,733
2021		21,174
2022		20,680
2023		17,828
2024		5,976
Thereafter		16,287
Total lease payments	$	104,678

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Sublease Considerations

The Company currently is a sublessor on several operating facility subleases that expire on various dates through fiscal 2023. The subleases have terms from 5 to 6 years and extend through the term of the underlying leases. The subleases do not include renewal options, purchase options, or termination rights. These operating subleases include only lease components. Included in lease expense, the Company had $0.6 million and $1.9 million of sublease income for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively.  

Lessor Considerations

Although most of the Company’s revenue from its hardware business comes from sales of hardware, the Company also sells subscription contracts which contain both operating lease and non-lease components. These leases range in duration generally up to three years with payments generally collected in equal quarterly installments, do not include purchase options, and include 60-day termination rights by either party. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $2.2 million and $2.7 million are included in product revenue in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $6.9 million and $8.6 million are included in product revenue in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively. There were no changes to the accounting treatment of these transactions from the adoption of ASC 842.

10. Commitments and Contingencies  

Purchase Commitments

The Company currently has arrangements with contract manufacturers and suppliers for the manufacture of its products. Those arrangements allow the contract manufactures to procure long lead-time component inventory based upon a rolling production forecast provided by the Company. The Company is obligated to purchase long lead-time component inventory that its contract manufacturer procures in accordance with the forecast, unless the Company gives notice of order cancellation outside of applicable component lead-times. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had commitments to purchase $37.1 million of inventory and other services.

Legal Proceedings

The Company may from time to time be party to litigation arising in the course of its business, including, without limitation, allegations relating to commercial transactions, business relationships or intellectual property rights. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Litigation in general, and intellectual property in particular, can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of legal proceedings are difficult to predict.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings, investigations or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.  The Company evaluates, at least on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings, investigations or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as any developments that would result in a loss contingency to become both probable and reasonably estimable.  When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not record a loss accrual.  However, if the loss (or an additional loss in excess of any prior accrual) is at least a reasonable possibility and material, then the Company would disclose an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, if such estimate can be made, or disclose that an estimate cannot be made.  The assessment whether a loss is probable or a reasonable possibility, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, involves a series of complex judgments about future events.  Even if a loss is reasonably possible, the Company may not be able to estimate a range of possible loss, particularly where (i) the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (iii) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories or a large number of parties. In such cases, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the amount of any possible loss, fine or penalty.  Accordingly, for current proceedings, except as noted below, the Company is currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of possible loss.  However, an adverse resolution of one or more of such matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

All currency conversions in this Legal Proceedings section are as of March 31, 2020.   

XR Communications, LLC d/b/a Vivato Technologies v. Extreme Networks, Inc. Patent Infringement Suit  

On April 19, 2017, XR Communications, LLC (“XR”) (d/b/a Vivato Technologies) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the Central District of California. The operative Second Amended Complaint asserts infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,062,296, 7,729,728, and 6,611,231 based on the Company’s manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, and/or importation into the United States of certain access points and routers supporting multi-user, multiple-input, multiple-output technology. XR seeks unspecified damages, on-going royalties, pre- and post-judgment interest, and attorneys’ fees.  In 2018, the Court stayed the case pending a resolution by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) of inter partes review (IPR) petitions filed by several defendants in other XR-related patent lawsuits challenging the validity of the asserted patents. The PTAB has now invalidated all asserted claims

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of the ’296 patent and ’728 patent and has found the challenged claims of the ’231 patent not invalid in view of the prior art asserted in the IPR instituted against that patent. The matter has been stayed and a status conference is set for June 8, 2020.  The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.

Orckit IP, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc., Extreme Networks Ireland Ltd., and Extreme Networks GmbH

On February 1, 2018, Orckit IP, LLC (“Orckit”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company and its Irish and German subsidiaries in the District Court in Dusseldorf, Germany.  The lawsuit alleges direct and indirect infringement of the German portion of European Patent EP 1 958 364 B1 (“EP ’364”) based on the offer, distribution, use, possession and/or importation into Germany of certain network switches equipped with the ExtremeXOS operating system.  Orckit is seeking injunctive relief, accounting, and an unspecified declaration of liability for damages and costs of the lawsuit.  After a hearing on January 28, 2020, the Court rendered a decision in favor of the Company fully dismissing Orckit’s complaint.  Orckit  filed a notice of appeal on March 13, 2020.

On April 23, 2019, Orckit filed and extension of the patent infringement complaint against the Company and its Irish and German subsidiaries in the District Court in Dusseldorf, Germany. With this extension, Orckit alleges infringement of the German portion of European Patent EP 3 068 077 B1 (“EP ‘077”) based on the offer, distribution, use, possession and/or importation into Germany of certain network switches.  Orckit is seeking injunctive relief, accounting and sales information, and a declaration of liability for damages as well as costs of the lawsuit.  The Company filed a nullity action with the German Federal Patent Court, seeking to invalidate the asserted patent.  Orckit has filed its formal opposition to the Company’s nullity action on March 11, 2020.  No hearing has been scheduled yet in this case, which was split from the original.

The Company believes that all claims in both cases are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.

Global Innovation Aggregators, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc.; Extreme Networks China Limited; Extreme Networks Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.; and Shenzhen Yingzhixiang Technology Co.

In January 2019, Global Innovation Aggregators, LLC (“GIA”) filed six patent infringement lawsuits against the Company and its Chinese and Hong Kong subsidiaries and Shenzhen Yingzhixiang Technology Co., Ltd. in Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in China.  In each lawsuit, GIA has accused a number of Summit switching products of infringing one of six patents (the “Asserted Patents”). One trial has been postponed, and the trials for the rest of the cases have not yet been scheduled. Additionally, the Company has filed invalidity challenges with the Chinese patent office to challenge the validity of each asserted patent.  Oral invalidity hearings were held in July and August 2019. The Chinese patent office has issued decisions maintaining the validity of five of the Asserted Patents.  The Company has appealed three of these rulings.  All the claims in one case have been fully invalidated.

The Company disputes GIA’s claims and intends to defend the matter vigorously. Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the case, the Company cannot estimate at this time the possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.

Shenzhen Dunjun Technology Ltd. v. Aerohive Networks (Hangzhou) Ltd.; Aerohive Networks, Inc.; and Yunqing Information Technology (Shenzhen) Ltd.

On June 20, 2019, Shenzhen Dunjun Technology Ltd. (“Shenzhen Dunjun”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Aerohive Networks, Inc. (“Aerohive”), its Chinese subsidiary, and Yunqing Information Technology (Shenzhen) Ltd. in the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in China.  The lawsuit alleges infringement of a Chinese patent and seeks damages of RMB 10.0 million (USD $1.4 million). The trial originally scheduled for November 15, 2019 has been postponed by the Court, pending the jurisdictional objections filed by Aerohive, and has not yet been rescheduled.  The Court rejected the jurisdictional challenge, which Aerohive is appealing. The Company cannot estimate at this time the possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.

Proven Networks, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc.

On March 24, 2020, Proven Networks, LLC (“Proven”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the Northern District of California. The lawsuit alleges direct and indirect infringement of three U.S. patents based on the Company’s manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, and/or importation into the United States of Extreme Analytics Extreme XOS, and certain network devices equipped with the Extreme XOS operating system.  Proven seeks injunctive relief, unspecified damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and attorneys’ fees.  Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the case, the Company cannot estimate at this time the possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.

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Indemnification Obligations

Subject to certain limitations, the Company may be obligated to indemnify its current and former directors, officers and employees. These obligations arise under the terms of its certificate of incorporation, its bylaws, applicable contracts, and applicable law. The obligation to indemnify, where applicable, generally means that the Company is required to pay or reimburse, and in certain circumstances the Company has paid or reimbursed, the individuals' reasonable legal expenses and possibly damages and other liabilities incurred in connection with certain legal matters. The Company also procures Directors and Officers liability insurance to help cover its defense and/or indemnification costs, although its ability to recover such costs through insurance is uncertain.  While it is not possible to estimate the maximum potential amount that could be owed under these governing documents and agreements due to the Company’s limited history with prior indemnification claims, indemnification (including defense) costs could, in the future, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

11. Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Rights Agreement

On April 26, 2012, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Rights Agreement between the Company and Computershare Shareholder Services LLC as the rights agent (as amended, the “Restated Rights Plan”). The Restated Rights Plan governs the terms of each right (“Right”) that has been issued with respect to each share of common stock of Extreme Networks. Each Right initially represents the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of the Company’s Preferred Stock.

The Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted the Restated Rights Plan to preserve the value of deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carry forwards of the Company, with respect to its ability to fully use its tax benefits to offset future income which may be limited if the Company experiences an “ownership change” for purposes of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as a result of ordinary buying and selling of its common stock. Following its review of the terms of the plan, the Board decided it was necessary and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to enter into the Restated Rights Plan. Each year since 2013 the Board and stockholders have approved an amendment providing for a one-year extension of the term of the Restated Rights Plan.  The Board unanimously approved an amendment to the Restated Rights Plan on May 8, 2020, to extend the Restated Rights Plan through May 31, 2021, subject to ratification by a majority of the stockholders of the Company at the next annual shareholders meeting.

Equity Incentive Plan

The Board unanimously approved an amendment to the Extreme Networks, Inc. Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of available shares by 7,000,000 shares.  The amendment was ratified by a majority of the stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on November 7, 2019.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Board unanimously approved an amendment to the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that will be available for sale thereunder by 7,500,000 shares.  The amendment was ratified by a majority of the stockholders of the Company at the annual meeting of stockholders held on November 8, 2018.

Common Stock Repurchases

On November 2, 2018, the Company announced the Board had authorized management to repurchase up to $60.0 million of the Company’s common stock over a two-year period from the date of authorization. Purchases may be made from time to time through any means including, but not limited to, open market purchases and privately negotiated transactions.  A maximum of $35.0 million of the Company’s common stock may be repurchased in any calendar year. In February 2020, the Board increased the authorization to repurchase by $40.0 million to $100.0 million and extended the period for repurchase for three years from February 5, 2020.  The maximum repurchase in any year was decreased to $30.0 million.  

In November 2019, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “November 2019 ASR”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock.  Pursuant to the November 2019 ASR, the Company paid $30.0 million for an initial delivery of 3,850,000 shares valued at $25.2 million. The remaining balance of $4.8 million was recorded in additional paid-in-capital as a forward contract in the Company’s common stock. The forward contract was settled on January 24, 2020 and the Company received an additional 381,505 shares of its common stock.  Total shares repurchased under the November 2019 ASR were 4,231,505 shares at an average cash purchase price paid of $7.09.

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The following table summarizes stock award activity representing the cost recorded for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands, except per share amounts).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Total number of shares repurchased		381		—		4,232		2,366
Average price paid per share	$	12.64	$	—	$	7.09	$	6.34
Total cost of shares repurchased	$	4,821	$	—	$	30,000	$	15,000
Dollar value of shares that may yet be repurchased under program	$	55,000	$	45,000	$	55,000	$	45,000

12. Employee Benefit Plans

Shares Reserved for Issuance

The Company had reserved for issuance as of the dates noted (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		June 30, 2019
2013 Equity Incentive Plan shares available for grant		11,368		8,462
Employee stock options and awards outstanding		12,086		10,455
2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan		7,364		10,085
Total shares reserved for issuance		30,818		29,002

Aerohive 2014 Equity Incentive Plan

Pursuant to the acquisition of Aerohive on August 9, 2019, the Company assumed the Aerohive 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Aerohive Plan").  Stock awards outstanding under the Aerohive Plan were converted into awards for Extreme shares as of the Acquisition Date at a predetermined rate pursuant to the Merger Agreement. As of March 31, 2020, total awards to acquire 736,796 shares of Extreme common stock were outstanding under the Aerohive Plan. If a participant terminates employment prior to the vesting dates, the non-vested shares will be forfeited and retired. No future grants may be made from the Aerohive Plan.

Share-based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements by line item caption is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Cost of product revenue	$	280	$	223	$	932	$	618
Cost of service revenue		368		648		1,220		1,670
Research and development		2,518		2,814		8,213		7,953
Sales and marketing		1,338		3,187		8,568		8,529
General and administrative		2,639		1,942		7,523		5,569
Integration costs		—		—		479		—
Total share-based compensation expense	$	7,143	$	8,814	$	26,935	$	24,339

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not capitalize any share-based compensation expense in inventory, as the amounts were immaterial.

Stock Awards

Stock awards may be granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) on terms approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board. Stock awards generally provide for the issuance of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) including performance or market-based RSUs which vest over a fixed period of time or based upon the satisfaction of certain performance criteria.  The Company uses the straight-line method for expense attribution.  The Company does not estimate forfeitures, but accounts for them as incurred.

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The following table summarizes stock award activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands, except grant date fair value):

	Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Fair Market Value
Non-vested stock awards outstanding at June 30, 2019		7,736		$	7.67
Granted		6,299			6.83
Released		(3,365	)		7.11
Cancelled		(1,598	)		7.28
Non-vested stock awards outstanding at March 31, 2020		9,072		$	7.40	$	28,033
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2020		6,397		$	7.26	$	25,947

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands, except per share and contractual term):

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at June 30, 2019		2,719		$	4.61		3.26	$	5,070
Granted		637			6.70
Exercised		(217	)		4.58
Cancelled		(125	)		6.02
Options outstanding at March 31, 2020		3,014		$	4.99		3.39	$	524
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2020		3,014		$	4.99		3.39	$	524
Exercisable at March 31, 2020		1,693		$	3.78		1.43	$	524

The fair value of each stock option grant under the 2013 Plan and 2005 Equity Incentive Plan is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model.  The Company uses the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value and the derived service period of stock awards with market conditions, on the date of the grant.  The expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior.  The risk-free rate is based upon the estimated life of the option and the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility on the Company’s stock.  The average fair value per share of the options granted during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 was $6.70.

The fair value of each RSU grant with performance-based vesting criteria (“PSUs”) under the 2013 Plan is estimated on the date of grant using the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value and the derived service period of stock awards with market conditions, on the date of the grant.

The RSUs granted during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 vest from the original grant date as to one-third (1/3) on the one-year anniversary and one-twelfth (1/12) each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to the Company. These RSUs included 566,038 RSUs to named executive officers and directors.

During fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Company approved the grant of 0.6 million shares underlying stock awards each year in the form of PSU’s to named executive officers and other vice president level employees. These PSUs would be considered earned once the Company’s U.S. GAAP earnings aggregates at least $0.20 per share over two consecutive quarters (the “Performance Thresholds”). During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the compensation committee of the Board modified the Performance Thresholds of $0.20 earnings per share over two consecutive quarters for PSUs issued in fiscal 2019 and 2018, to $0.09 earnings per share over two consecutive quarters. Upon satisfying the Performance Thresholds, the PSUs will vest with respect to the same number of RSUs that have vested which were granted on the same date and thereafter will vest on the same schedule as the RSUs, subject to continued service to the Company.  If the Performance Thresholds is not met by the third anniversary of the grant date for each award, that award is canceled.  During the nine months ended March 31, 2020, the 2019 and 2018 Performance Thresholds for outstanding performance awards were not achieved.  

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2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The fair value of each share purchase option under the Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model with the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table.  The expected term of the ESPP represents the term of the offering period of each option.  The risk-free rate is based upon the estimated life and on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.  Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility on the Company’s stock.

There were 1,498,155 and 1,499,042 shares issued under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were 2,721,699 and 2,779,750 shares issued under the ESPP during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of shares issued under the ESPP during the following periods:

	Employee Stock Purchase Plan						Employee Stock Purchase Plan
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Expected life	0.5 years			0.5 years			0.5 years			0.5 years
Risk-free interest rate		1.56	%		2.46	%		1.71	%		2.35	%
Volatility		43	%		75	%		43	%		70	%
Dividend yield		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

The weighted-average fair value of shares issued under the ESPP during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.90 and $2.71, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of shares issued under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.76 and $2.69, respectively.

13. Information about Segments and Geographic Areas

The Company operates in one segment, the development and marketing of network infrastructure equipment and related software. The Company conducts business globally and is managed geographically. Revenue is attributed to a geographical area based on the location of its customers. The Company operates in three geographical areas: Americas, which includes the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and South America; EMEA, which includes Europe, Russia, Middle East and Africa; and APAC which includes Asia Pacific, South Asia, India, Australia and Japan. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, who is its CEO, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.  

See Note 3 Revenues for the Company’s revenues by geographic regions and channel based on the customer’s ship-to location.

The Company’s long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic regions as follows (in thousands):

Long-lived Assets	March 31, 2020		June 30, 2019
Americas	$	203,865	$	136,035
EMEA		25,417		28,744
APAC		17,573		11,529
Total long-lived assets	$	246,855	$	176,308

14. Derivativesand Hedging

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency. The Company’s objective for holding derivatives is to use the most effective methods to minimize the impact of these exposures. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative or trading purposes. The fair value of the Company’s derivatives in a gain position are recorded in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and derivatives in a loss position are recorded in “Other accrued liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the effect of gains and losses generated by foreign currency transactions related to certain operating expenses and re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives do not qualify as hedges.

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As of March 31, 2020, foreign exchange forward contracts had a notional principal amount of $13.3 million and as of the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 there were gains of $0.1 million. These contracts have maturities of less than 30 days. Changes in the fair value of these foreign exchange forward contracts are offset largely by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. As of March 31, 2019, the Company did not have any foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding.

Foreign currency transactions gains and losses from operations was a gain of $0.9 million and a loss of less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Foreign currency transactions gains and losses from operations was a loss of $1.1 million and a gain of $0.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its debt. The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to effectively manage the impact of fluctuations of interest rate changes on its outstanding debt which has floating interest rate. The Company does not enter into derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

At the inception date of the derivative contract, the Company performs an assessment of these contracts and has designated these contracts as cash flow hedges. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreement without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, by performing qualitative and quantitative assessment, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flow of hedged items. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. In accordance with ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Company may prospectively discontinue the hedge accounting for an existing hedge if the applicable criteria are no longer met, the derivative instrument expires, is sold, terminated or exercised or if the Company removes the designation of the respective cash flow hedge. In those circumstances, the net gain or loss remains in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings, unless the forecasted transaction is no longer probable in which case the net gain or loss is reclassified into earnings immediately.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company entered into multiple interest rate swap contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, to hedge the variability of cash flows in interest payments associated with the Company’s various tranches of floating-rate debt.  As of March 31, 2020, the total notional amount of these interest rate swaps was $200 million and had maturity dates through April 2023. As of March 31, 2020, these contracts had an unrealized loss of $1.0 million which is recorded in “Other accrued liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company did not have any interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2019. Realized gains and losses will be recognized as they accrue in interest expense. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to these cash flow hedges will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable rate debt. The Company estimates that $0.1 million will be reclassified to interest expense over the next twelve months. The classification and fair value of these cash flow hedges are discussed in Note 6, Fair Value Measures.

15. Restructuring Charges, Net of Reversals, Impairment, and Related Charges.

 The Company recorded $6.6 million and $19.4 million of restructuring charges, net of reversals and impairments during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Total restructuring charges included facility related charges of $0.3 million and $8.2 million as well as charges for severance and benefits of $6.3 million and $11.2 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively.

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During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company moved to reduce its operating expenses by exiting a floor of its San Ignacio building in San Jose, California and consolidating its workforce. Also, the Company exited additional space in its Salem, New Hampshire facility, which includes general office and lab space. The Company has the intent and ability to sub-lease these facilities which it has ceased using and as such, has considered estimated future sub-lease income based on its existing lease agreements, as well as the local real estate market conditions, in measuring the amount of asset impairment. The Company also factored into its estimate the time for a sub-lease tenant to enter into an agreement and complete any improvements.  For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $3.9 million related to impairment of ROU assets from exited facilities. In addition, the Company recorded severance and benefits charges of $2.2 million related to its reduction-in-force action which had begun in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company continued its initiative to realign its operations resulting from the acquisition of Aerohive and consolidating its workforce. The Company exited its facility in Milpitas, California which includes general office and lab space. The Company has the intent and ability to sub-lease this facility which it has ceased using and as such has considered estimated future sub-lease income based on its existing lease agreement, as well as the local real estate market conditions in measuring the amount of asset impairment. The Company also factored into its estimate the time for a sub-lease tenant to enter into an agreement and complete any improvements.  For the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded charges for the impairment of ROU assets of $2.8 million, long-lived assets of $0.9 million, and other charges of $0.2 million related to the exited facility.  In addition, the Company recorded severance and benefits charges of $2.7 million related to its reduction-in-force action which began in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company continued its initiative to reduce cost by realigning its workforce. In addition, with the global disruptions and slow-down in the demand of its products caused by the global pandemic outbreak, COVID-19, and the uncertainty around the timing of the recovery of the market, the Company initiated a reduction-in-force plan (the 2020 Plan) to reduce its operating costs and enhance financial flexibility. The plan affected approximately 300 employees primarily from the research and development and sales organizations who were located mainly in US and India. The Company recorded restructuring charges of $5.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to the 2020 Plan. We expect to incur additional charges related to this 2020 Plan through the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The costs associated with this restructuring plan primarily included employee severance and benefit expenses. The Company recorded additional severance and benefits charges of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to the prior period restructuring plans. In addition, the Company recorded facility related charges of $0.3 million related to its previously impaired facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Certain amounts have been reclassified from restructuring liabilities and have been recorded as a reduction to operating lease ROU assets as of July 1, 2019.

Restructuring liabilities related to severance and benefits obligations are recorded in “Other accrued liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Total restructuring and related liabilities as of March 31, 2020 consist of (in thousands):

	Excess Facilities			Severance Benefits			Total
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	1,764		$	3,559		$	5,323
Period charges		—			12,257			12,257
Period reversals		—			(1,044	)		(1,044	)
Reclassification to reduce operating lease assets		(1,764	)		—			(1,764	)
Period payments		—			(8,568	)		(8,568	)
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	—		$	6,204		$	6,204

16. Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $4.9 million and an income tax benefit of $2.0 million, respectively.

The income tax provisions for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of (1) taxes on the income of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, (2) foreign withholding taxes (3) tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Enterasys Networks, Inc., the wireless local area network (“WLAN”) business from Zebra Technologies Corporation, the Campus Fabric Business from Avaya and the Data Center Business from Brocade, and (4) state taxes in jurisdictions where the Company has no remaining state Net Operating Losses. In addition, the nine months ended March 31, 2019 included tax benefits associated with the release of valuation allowance resulting

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from changes introduced by US tax reform as well as the release of a valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets in Australia. The income tax provisions for both fiscal years were calculated based on the actual results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively and therefore may not reflect the annual effective tax rate.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law in the United States.  The CARES Act, among other things, includes modifications to net operating loss carryforward provisions and the net interest expense deduction, and deferment of employer social security tax payments.  The Company has evaluated the provisions of the CARES Act and how certain elections may impact our financial position and results of operations, and have determined the enactment of the CARES Act did not have a material impact to our income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020, or to our net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2020.

In the first quarter of the Company’s fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset at the time the transfer occurs. Historically, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles has prohibited the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset had been sold outside the consolidated group.  Effective July 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16 on a modified retrospective basis which requires an adjustment of the cumulative-effect of the adoption to retained earnings.  The adjustment was immaterial to the financial statements, and as such, no such adjustment was necessary.  As a result of adoption, the income tax consequences of future intra-entity transfer of assets will be recognized in earnings in each period rather than be deferred until the assets leave the consolidated group.  In the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset relating to a transfer of certain assets from the U.S. parent company to its wholly-owned Irish subsidiary of $3.7 million, which was fully offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance resulting in no impact to Company’s statement of operations.

The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against all of its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as well as a portion of the deferred tax assets in Ireland. A valuation allowance is determined by assessing both negative and positive evidence to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that deferred tax assets are recoverable; such assessment is required on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis.  The Company's inconsistent earnings in recent periods, including a cumulative loss over the last three years, coupled with its difficulty in forecasting future revenue trends and the cyclical nature of its business represent sufficient negative evidence to require a full valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets as well as a portion of the deferred tax assets in Ireland.  These valuation allowance will be evaluated periodically and can be reversed partially or in whole if business results and the economic environment have sufficiently improved to support realization of some or all of the Company's deferred tax assets.

On August 9, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Aerohive.  This acquisition was treated as a non-taxable stock acquisition and therefore Extreme Networks will have carryover tax basis in the assets and liabilities acquired.

The Company had $24.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2020.  The future impact of the unrecognized tax benefit of $24.6 million, if recognized, would result in adjustments to deferred tax assets and corresponding adjustments to the valuation allowance with no impact to the effective tax rate.  The Company does not anticipate any events to occur during the next twelve months that would reduce the unrealized tax benefit as currently stated in the Company’s balance sheet.

The Company’s policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of tax expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In general, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to examination by tax authorities for fiscal years 2001 forward due to net operating losses and the Company's state income tax returns are subject to examination for fiscal years 2000 forward due to net operating losses. The Company is not currently under audit in any material jurisdictions.

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17. Net Loss Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares used in the basic earnings per share calculation plus the dilutive effect of shares subject to repurchase, options and unvested restricted stock units.

The following table presents the calculation of net loss per share of basic and diluted (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Net loss	$	(44,352	)	$	(6,932	)	$	(105,628	)	$	(8,798	)
Weighted-average shares used in per share calculation - basic and diluted		119,162			117,944			119,648			117,619
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.07	)

The following securities were excluded from the computation of net loss per diluted share of common stock for the periods presented as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Options to purchase common stock		3,090		780		3,055		621
Restricted stock units		9,204		1,907		9,676		888
Employee Stock Purchase Plan shares		742		965		742		965
Total shares excluded		13,036		3,652		13,473		2,474

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including in particular, our expectations regarding market demands, customer requirements and the general economic environment, future results of operations, and other statements that include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. We caution investors that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain risk factors identified in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the third quarter ended March 31, 2020, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, and other filings we have made with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risk factors, include, but are not limited to: fluctuations in demand for our products and services; a highly competitive business environment for network switching equipment; our effectiveness in controlling expenses; the possibility that we might experience delays in the development or introduction of new technology and products; customer response to our new technology and products; fluctuations in the global economy, including political, social, economic, currency and regulatory factors (such as the outbreak of COVID-19); risks related to pending or future litigation; a dependency on third parties for certain components and for the manufacturing of our products and our ability to receive the anticipated benefits of acquired businesses.

Business Overview

The following discussion is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.  In the course of operating our business, we routinely make decisions as to the timing of the payment of invoices, the collection of receivables, the manufacturing and shipment of products, the fulfillment of orders, the purchase of supplies, and the building of inventory and service parts, among other matters. Each of these decisions has some impact on the financial results for any given period.  In making these decisions, we consider various factors including contractual obligations, customer satisfaction, competition, internal and external financial targets and expectations, and financial planning objectives. For further information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section included in this “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Extreme Networks, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Extreme” and as “we”, “us” and “our”), is a leader in providing cloud-driven networking solutions for enterprise, data center, and service provider customers. Providing a combined end-to-end solution from the Internet of Things (“IoT”) edge to the cloud, Extreme designs, develops, and manufactures wired and wireless network infrastructure equipment and develops the software and cloud architecture for network management, policy, intelligence, analytics, security, and assurance. We were incorporated in California in May 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in March 1999.  Our corporate headquarters are located in San Jose, California. We derive substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our networking equipment, software, and related maintenance contracts.

Extreme delivers cloud-driven solutions from the IoT edge to the cloud that are agile, adaptive, and secure to enable autonomous enterprises of the future. We recognize that every customer environment is unique with its own requirements, which may be industry-specific or site driven. We address these distinctions with our Extreme Elements architecture. Elements gives customers and partners the power to mix and match a broad array of software, hardware, and services (including third-party applications) to create a custom network that can be managed and automated from end-to-end and enabled with intelligence and assurance from the cloud. With this strategic asset in place, organizations have the foundation needed to drive both digital transformation and the outcomes impacting each one of us.

Our 100% in-sourced services and support are number one in the industry, and even as we increase the breadth of our portfolio and scale our organization, we remain nimble and responsive to ensure customer and partner success. We are relentless in our commitment to our over 50,000 customers around the world, including over half of the Fortune 50 and some of the world's leading names in business, hospitality, retail, transportation and logistics, education, government, healthcare, and manufacturing, and provide the building blocks that drive competitive advantage, accelerate innovation, and improve the human experience.

Enterprise network administrators from the data center to the access layer need to respond to the rapid digital transformational trends of cloud, mobility, big data, social business and the ever-present need for network security.  Accelerators such as IoT, artificial intelligence (“AI”), bring your own device (“BYOD”), machine learning (“ML”), cognitive computing, and robotics add complexity to challenge the capabilities of traditional networks. Technology advances have a profound effect across the entire enterprise network placing unprecedented demands on network administrators to enhance management capabilities, scalability, programmability, agility, and analytics of the enterprise networks they manage.

Improving the network experience for enterprises that increasingly require greater simplification at the edge or the access layer of the network to ensure business success and provide a secure, unified, wired / wireless infrastructure augmented and managed through a single pane of glass remains a key focus for Extreme. We enhanced our product portfolio in the first half of fiscal 2020 with

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the introduction of ExtremeCloud IQ, the cloud management platform we acquired with Aerohive, and extended its reach to our portfolio of Extreme hardware, including our edge wired and wireless product families. This cloud-driven solution will be the only offering in the market that seamlessly integrates the Cloud with on premises infrastructures and spans from the IoT edge to the enterprise data center We also introduced a new line of data center spine/leaf switches, the SLX 9150 and 9250, and added ten new 802.11ax Access Points, giving our customers the broadest portfolio of Wi-Fi 6 devices in the industry. Enterprises have also migrated increasing numbers of applications and services to either private clouds or public clouds offered by third parties and are adopting new IT delivery models and applications that require fundamental network alterations and enhancements spanning from device access point to the network core.  In either case, the network infrastructure must adapt to this new dynamic environment. Intelligence and automation are key if enterprises are to derive maximum benefit from their cloud deployments.

The Extreme Strategy

We are focused on delivering cloud-driven end-to-end networking and software solutions for today’s enterprise environments. From wireless and wired access technologies, through the campus, core, and into the datacenter, Extreme is developing solutions to deliver outstanding business outcomes for our customers. Leveraging a unified management approach, both on premises and in the cloud, we continue to accelerate adoption and delivery of new technologies in support of emerging trends in enterprise networking. We continue to execute on our growth objectives by seeking to maximize customer, partner, and stockholder value.

In fiscal 2017, we completed the acquisition of the Wireless Local Area Network (“WLAN”) Business from Zebra. In fiscal 2018, we completed the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business from Avaya and the Data Center Business from Brocade. In August 2019, we acquired the entire Cloud Networking portfolio from Aerohive. These acquisitions support our growth strategy to lead the enterprise network equipment market with end-to-end software-driven cloud and on-premises solutions for enterprise customers from the data center to the wireless edge.  After the closing of the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business and Data Center Business, Extreme immediately became a networking industry leader with more than 30,000 customers. In addition, the acquisition of Aerohive brought us another 20,000+ customers and solidify our position as the third ranked networking vendor in the United States and the second ranked cloud networking provider globally.  As a network switching leader in enterprise, datacenter, and cloud, we combine and extend our world-class products and technologies to provide customers with some of the most advanced, high performance and open solutions in the market as well as a superb overall customer experience.  The combination of all the Extreme Elements^TM is significant in that it brings together distinct strengths addressing the key areas of the network, from unified wired and wireless edge, to the enterprise core, to the data center to offer a complete, unified portfolio of cloud-driven network access solutions.  

Provider of high quality, cloud-driven, secure networking solutions and the industry’s #1 customer support organization

• Only end-to-end cloud-driven networking vendor with management, intelligence, and assurance values built into every solution.

• Delivering new releases of next generation portfolio Elements organically and through acquisition.

Key elements of our strategy include:

• Creating effortless networking solutions that allow all of us to advance. We believe that progress is achieved when we connect—allowing us to learn, understand, create, and grow. We make connecting simple and easy with effortless networking experiences that enable all of us to advance how we live, work, and share.

• Focus on being nimble and responsive to customers and partners. We work with our customers to deliver cloud-driven solutions from the IoT edge to the cloud that are agile, adaptive, and secure to enable digital transformation for our customers. We help our customers move beyond just “keeping the lights on”, so they can think strategically and innovate. By allowing customers to access critical decision-making intelligence, we are able reduce their daily tactical work, so they can spend their time on learning and understanding how to innovate their business with IT.

• Provide the industry’s first and only 4th generation end-to-end cloud architecture.  Cloud technologies have evolved significantly over the past decade, from monolithic software images hosted remotely to microservices providing machine learning insights continuous integration and delivery of new features. We believe we deliver unrivaled innovation, reliability, and security with the leading end-to-end cloud management platform powered by ML and AI that spans from the IoT edge to the enterprise data center.

• Enable a common fabric to simplify and automate the network.  Fabric technologies virtualize the network infrastructure (decoupling network services from physical connectivity) which enables network services to be turned up faster, with lower likelihood of error.  They make the underlying network much easier to design, implement, manage and troubleshoot.  

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• Cloud-driven networking services-led solutions. Our cloud-driven solutions provide visibility, control and strategic intelligence from the edge to the data center, across networks and applications. Our solutions include wired switching, wireless switching, wireless access points, WLAN controllers, routers, and an extensive portfolio of software applications that deliver AI-enhanced access control, network and application analytics, as well as network management. All can be managed, assessed and controlled from a single pane of glass on premises or from the cloud.

• Offer customers choice – cloud or on-premises. We leverage the cloud where it makes sense for our customers and provide on premises solutions where customers need it and have a solution for those that want to harness the power of both. Our hybrid approach gives our customers options to adapt the technology to their business. At the same time, all of our solutions have visibility, control and strategic information built in, all tightly integrated with a single view across all of the installed products. Our customers can understand what’s going on across the network and applications in real time – who, when, and what is connected to the network, which is critical for BYOD and IoT.

• Enable IoT without additional IT resources. In a recent IoT IT infrastructure survey, enterprise IT decision makers across industry verticals indicated their preference to opt for their existing wireless connectivity infrastructure to support IoT devices. These preferences will place unprecedented demand on network administrators to enhance management capabilities, scalability and programmability of the enterprise networks they manage without additional IT resources.

• Provide a strong value proposition for our customers. Our cloud-managed wired and wireless networking solutions provide additional choice and flexibility with cloud or on-premises options for device and application management coupled with our award-winning services and support. This delivers a strong value proposition to the following customers and applications:

○ Enterprises and private cloud data centers use our products to deploy automated next-generation virtualized and high-density infrastructure solutions.

○ Enterprises and organizations in education, healthcare, retail, manufacturing, hospitality, transportation and logistics, and government agencies use our solutions for their mobile campus and backbone networks.

○ Enterprises, universities, stadiums, healthcare, and hospitality organizations use our solutions to enable better visibility and control of their data processing and analytics requirements.

• Provide high-quality customer service and support. We seek to enhance customer satisfaction and build customer loyalty through high-quality service and support. This includes a wide range of standard support programs to provide the level of service our customers require, from standard business hours to global 24-hour-a-day, 365-days-a-year real-time responsive support.

• Extend switching and routing technology leadership.  Our technological leadership is based on innovative switching, routing and wireless products, the depth and focus of our market experience and our operating systems - the software that runs on all of our networking products.  Our products reduce operating expenses for our customers and enable a more flexible and dynamic network environment that will help them meet the upcoming demands of IoT, mobile, and cloud, etc. Furthermore, our network operating systems, our primary merchant silicon vendor Broadcom, and select manufacturing partners permit us to leverage our engineering investment. We have invested in engineering resources to create leading-edge technologies to increase the performance and functionality of our products, and as a direct result, the value of our solution to our current and future customers. We look for maximum synergies from our engineering investment in our targeted verticals.

• Expand Wi-Fi technology leadership.  Wireless is today’s network access method of choice and every business must deal with scale, density and BYOD challenges. The increase in demand being seen today, fueled by more users with multiple devices, increases the expectation that everything will just work. The network edge landscape is changing as the explosion of mobile devices increases the demand for mobile, transparent, and always-on wired to wireless edge services. The unified access layer requires distributed intelligent components to ensure that access control and resiliency of business services are available across the entire infrastructure and manageable from a single console.  We are at a technology inflection point with the pending migration from Wi-Fi 5 solutions to Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax), focused on providing more efficient access to the broad array of connected devices. We believe we have the industry’s broadest Wi-Fi 6 wireless portfolio providing intelligence for the wired/wireless edge and enhanced by our 4^th generation cloud architecture with machine learning and AI-driven insights.

• Continue to deliver unified management and a common fabric across the wired/wireless environment from the Data Center to the mobile Edge. Our rich set of integrated management capabilities provides centralized visibility and highly efficient anytime, anywhere control of enterprise wired and wireless network resources.

• Offer a superior quality of experience. Our network-powered application analytics provide actionable business insight by capturing and analyzing context-based data about the network and applications to deliver meaningful intelligence about applications, users, locations and devices. With an easy to comprehend dashboard, our applications help businesses to turn their network into a strategic business asset that helps executives make faster and more effective decisions.

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Data can be mined to show how applications are being used enabling a better understanding of user behavior on the network, identifying the level of user engagement and assuring business application delivery to optimize the user experience. Application adoption can be tracked to determine the return on investment associated with new application deployment.

Visibility into network and application performance enables our customers to pinpoint and resolve performance bottlenecks in the infrastructure whether they are caused by the network, application or server. This saves both time and money for the business and helps to ensure critical applications are running at the best possible performance.

• Cloud-driven networking solutions for the enterprise. We are a cloud-driven networking solution company focused on the enterprise. We focus our R&D team and our sales teams to execute against a refined set of requirements for optimized return on investment, faster innovation, and clearer focus on mega trends and changes in the industry. As a cloud-driven networking company, we offer solutions for the entire enterprise network, the data center, the campus, the core and the WLAN.

• Expand market penetration by targeting high-growth market segments.  Within the Campus, we focus on the mobile user, leveraging our automation capabilities and tracking WLAN growth.  Our Data Center approach leverages our product portfolio to address the needs of public and private Cloud Data Center providers.  Within the Campus we also target the high-growth physical security market, converging technologies such as Internet Protocol (“IP”) video across a common Ethernet infrastructure in conjunction with technology partners. Cloud networking compound annual growth rate will continue to outpace on premises managed networking and our focus is on expanding our technology foothold in this key segment with the acquisition of Aerohive to accelerate not only cloud management adoption, but also subscription-based licensing (SaaS) consumption.

• Leverage and expand multiple distribution channels. We distribute our products through select distributors, a large number of resellers and system-integrators worldwide, and several large strategic partners. We maintain a field sales force to support our channel partners and to sell directly to certain strategic accounts. As an independent networking vendor, we seek to provide products that, when combined with the offerings of our channel partners, create compelling solutions for end-user customers.

• Maintain and extend our strategic relationships. We have established strategic relationships with a number of industry-leading vendors to both provide increased and enhanced routes to market, but also to collaboratively develop unique solutions. We announced in the second quarter of our fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 that we were selected by Broadcom, the industry’s largest merchant silicon provider, as their preferred choice for enterprise campus deployments. As a Broadcom preferred provider for enterprise campus networking solutions, Extreme attempts to give enterprise customers and partners powerful security, segmentation, resiliency, policy, telemetry, and performance advantages as they pursue cloud-driven digital transformation with the industry's most simple, secure, and intelligent campus architecture.

We seek to differentiate ourselves in the market by delivering a value proposition based on a software-driven approach to network management, control and analytics.

Our key points of differentiation include:

• ExtremeCloud IQ^TM. ExtremeCloud IQ is a robust cloud management platform that delivers visibility, intelligence, and assurance from the IoT edge to the core. The application helps organizations automate end-to-end network operations, unlock new analytics, scale faster, and secure and optimize the end user and application experience.

• Extreme Elements^TM. Extreme Elements are the building blocks that enable the creation of an Autonomous Network to deliver the positive outcomes important to customer organizations, including those in education, healthcare, retail, manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and government. Combining architecture, automation, and artificial intelligence, Extreme Elements is designed to enable customers to get what they need, when and where they need it.

• Cloud-Driven end-to-end networking solutions. The acquisition of Aerohive enhances our cloud offering with a 3^rd generation cloud with Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence insights and analytics that we intend to expand to all the Extreme Elements^TM. We believe this breadth of coverage from the edge to the enterprise data center will be unique in the industry, and cloud networking is projected to be the fastest growing segment of the networking industry.

• Data center to access edge wired and wireless solutions.  Extreme offers a complete, unified portfolio of software-driven network access solutions from the edge to the cloud. We have the latest in wireless access points for both outdoor and indoor use plus a complete line of networking options for the Campus, Core, and Data Center, all of which are enhanced with our extensive portfolio of intelligent applications.      

• Multi-vendor management from a “single pane-of-glass”.  Extreme’s Management Center (“XMC”) is a single unified management system that is designed to provide visibility, security, and control across the entire network.  This can make the network easier to manage and troubleshoot, often with lower operating expenses. Extreme’s software can manage third-party vendors’ network devices, allowing our customers to potentially maximize device lifespan and protect investments.

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• Software-driven vertical solutions. Extreme’s software-driven solutions are designed to be easily adaptable to vertical solutions in industries such as healthcare, education, manufacturing, retail, transportation and logistics, government and hospitality.  Extreme solutions are also designed to be well-suited for vertical-specific partners in these industries.

• Extreme Validated Design. Helping customers consider, select, and deploy data center network solutions for current and planned needs is our mission. Extreme Validated Designs offer a fast track to success by accelerating that process. Validated designs are repeatable reference network architectures that have been engineered and tested to address specific use cases and deployment scenarios.

• Application-aware Quality of Service (“QoS”) and analytics. Extreme has innovative analytic software that enables our customers to see application usage across the network and apply policies to maximize network capabilities.  This allows our customers to improve the user experience.

• Built-in identity and access control.  Our network access control and identity management solutions are delivered with our network infrastructure to reduce the need to add expensive software or hardware that may require complex compatibility testing.

• Easier policy assignment and Software Defined Networking (“SDN”).  Our software applications allow our customers to assign policies across the entire network, and Extreme Workflow Composer improves IT agility by automating the entire network lifecycle—including initial provisioning, configuration, validation, and troubleshooting/auto-remediation—with event-driven automation.  The SDN component adds versatility for implementing policies that increase network utilization.

• 100% in-sourced tech support.  We believe ExtremeWorks delivers best in class customer support in the industry with 92% first call resolution through a 100% in-sourced support model.  

• Strengthens the channel. Extreme sells products primarily through an ecosystem of channel partners which combine our portfolio elements together to create customized IT solutions for end user customers.

Key Financial Metrics

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we achieved the following results:

• Net revenues of $209.5 million compared to $250.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

• Product revenue of $136.5 million compared to $190.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

• Service revenue of $73.0 million compared to $60.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

• Total gross margin of 53.1% of net revenues compared to 55.4% of net revenues in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

• Operating loss of $38.4 million compared to operating loss of $2.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

• Net loss of $44.4 million compared to $6.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we reflected the following results:

• Cash flow provided by operating activities of $27.1 million compared to cash flow provided by operating activities of $79.5 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2019.  Cash of $196.4 million compared to $169.6 million as of June 30, 2019.

Recent events

In January 2020, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China. Through the first quarter of 2020, the disease became widespread around the world, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The Coronavirus outbreak has had and we expect will continue to have an adverse effect on our results of operations due to supply chain disruptions and weakened demand for our products. For example, we recently realigned our operations and recorded severance and benefits charges of $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Although we expect to reduce research and development and sales and marketing costs, given the uncertainty around the extent and timing of the potential future spread or mitigation of the Coronavirus and around the imposition or relaxation of protective measures, we cannot further reasonably estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future results of operations or financial position. See also Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors.

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Net Revenues

The following table presents net product and service revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change
Net revenues:
Product	$	136,547		$	190,740		$	(54,193	)		(28.4	)%	$	512,173		$	558,027		$	(45,854	)		(8.2	)%
Percentage of net revenue		65.2	%		76.0	%								69.9	%		75.1	%
Service		72,972			60,124			12,848			21.4	%		220,324			185,403			34,921			18.8	%
Percentage of net revenue		34.8	%		24.0	%								30.1	%		24.9	%
Total net revenues	$	209,519		$	250,864		$	(41,345	)		(16.5	)%	$	732,497		$	743,430		$	(10,933	)		(1.5	)%

Product revenue decreased $54.2 million or 28.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2019. Product revenue decreased $45.9 million or 8.2% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2019. Product revenue was impacted by a material slow-down in global demand in the last three weeks of March when most of Extreme's largest end markets enacted quarantine and social distancing protocols. Supply constraints, along with additional logistics related challenges in certain countries due to border closures, also contributed to the shortfall. Partially offsetting such revenue declines was growth relating to the acquisition of Aerohive.

Service revenue increased $12.8 million, or 21.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. Service revenue increased $34.9 million, or 18.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The increase in service revenues was primarily attributable to growth related to the acquisition of Aerohive.

The following table presents the product and service, gross profit and the respective gross profit percentages for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change			March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change
Gross profit:
Product	$	64,620		$	103,864		$	(39,244	)		(37.8	)%	$	257,468		$	301,121		$	(43,653	)		(14.5	)%
Percentage of product revenue		47.3	%		54.5	%								50.3	%		54.0	%
Service		46,715			35,055			11,660			33.3	%		139,781			111,168			28,613			25.7	%
Percentage of service revenue		64.0	%		58.3	%								63.4	%		60.0	%
Total gross profit	$	111,335		$	138,919		$	(27,584	)		(19.9	)%	$	397,249		$	412,289		$	(15,040	)		(3.6	)%
Percentage of net revenues		53.1	%		55.4	%								54.2	%		55.5	%

Product gross profit decreased $39.2 million or 37.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease in product gross profit was primarily due to lower revenues, higher excess and obsolete inventory charges of $3.2 million, higher amortization of intangible assets of $1.0 million and higher distribution charges of $0.7 million.  This was partially offset by more favorable manufacturing costs due to cost reduction efforts and lower warranty costs.

Product gross profit decreased $43.7 million or 14.5% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease in product gross profit was primarily due to lower revenues, the expensing of the fair value step-up of inventories acquired from Aerohive of $7.3 million, higher excess and obsolete inventory charges of $7.7 million, higher amortization of intangible assets of $3.2 million and higher distribution charges of $1.8 million.  This was partially offset by more favorable manufacturing costs due to cost reduction efforts.

Service gross profit increased $11.7 million and $28.6 million or 33.3% and 25.7% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The increases were primarily due to a higher level of service revenues related to the acquisition of the Aerohive, partially offset by higher service material costs and personnel costs due to increased headcount to support acquired contracts as well as amortization of intangible assets of $0.8 million and $2.2 million for the respective three and nine months ended March 31, 2020.

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Operating Expenses

The following table presents operating expenses for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended										Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		$ Change			% Change			March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		$ Change		% Change
Research and development	$	50,577	$	52,081	$	(1,504	)		(2.9	)%	$	165,073	$	155,526	$	9,547		6.1	%
Sales and marketing		70,132		72,321		(2,189	)		(3.0	)%		216,925		208,245		8,680		4.2	%
General and administrative		15,119		15,479		(360	)		(2.3	)%		45,199		42,136		3,063		7.3	%
Acquisition and integration costs		5,156		—		5,156		*				30,075		2,613		27,462		1,051.0	%
Restructuring charges, net of reversals and impairment		6,648		—		6,648		*				19,407		1,282		18,125		1,413.8	%
Amortization of intangibles		2,059		1,292		767			59.4	%		6,366		5,008		1,358		27.1	%
Total operating expenses	$	149,691	$	141,173	$	8,518			6.0	%	$	483,045	$	414,810	$	68,235		16.4	%

* Not meaningful.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), consultant fees and prototype expenses related to the design, development, and testing of our products.

Research and development expenses decreased by $1.5 million or 2.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease in research and development expenses was due to a $1.5 million decrease in salary and compensation costs and a $0.1 million decrease in facility and information technology costs partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in occupancy costs.

Research and development expenses increased by $9.5 million or 6.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019 primarily due to the acquisition of Aerohive. The increase in research and development expenses was due to a $5.5 million increase in salary and compensation costs, $3.3 million increase in costs related to equipment, supplies and third-party design and engineering collaboration charges, $0.4 million increase in occupancy costs, and $0.5 million increase in facility and information technology costs, partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in other operating costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), as well as trade shows and promotional expenses.

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.2 million or 3.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.3 million decrease in personnel costs, $2.6 million decrease in travel and sales promotion costs, and $0.2 million decrease in occupancy and other costs partially offset by a $0.8 million increase in recruiting and professional fees, $0.3 million increase in facility and information technology costs and $0.8 million increase in software and equipment costs.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $8.7 million or 4.2% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019 primarily due to the acquisition of Aerohive. The increase was primarily due to a $7.3 million increase in personnel costs, $3.0 million increase in recruiting and professional fees, $2.0 million increase in facility and information technology costs, and $1.8 million increase in software and equipment costs, partially offset by a $5.1 million decrease in travel and sales promotion costs and a $0.3 million decrease in occupancy and other costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), legal and professional service costs, travel and facilities and information technology costs.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million or 2.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a $1.4 million reduction in a lease liability reserve, a $0.2 million reduction in travel costs and a $0.2 million reduction in software, supplies and other costs partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in personnel costs, $0.1 million in higher facility and information technology costs, $0.1 million increase in professional fees, and $0.3 million increase in insurance premiums.

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General and administrative expenses increased by $3.1 million or 7.3% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2019, primarily due to the acquisition of Aerohive. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a $3.4 million increase in personnel costs, $0.6 million in higher facility and information technology costs, $0.2 million increase in professional fees, and $0.8 million of insurance premiums partially offset by a $1.4 million reduction in a lease liability reserve and a $0.5 million reduction in travel costs.

Acquisition and Integration Costs

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred $5.2 million and $30.1 million, respectively, of acquisition and integration costs. Acquisition and integration costs consisted primarily of professional fees for financial and legal advisory services and severance charges for Aerohive employees. The acquisition and integration costs for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 also included a $6.8 million compensation charge for certain Aerohive executives’ stock awards that were accelerated due to change-in-control and termination provisions included in the executives’ employment contracts.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we did not record any acquisition and integration costs. During the nine months ended March 31, 2019, we incurred $2.6 million of operating integration costs related to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business from Avaya and Data Center Business from Brocade.

Restructuring Charges, Net of Reversals and Impairment

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recorded restructuring charges of $6.6 million.  In connection with our plan of action to reduce operating costs due to the global pandemic outbreak, COVID-19, we realigned our operations and recorded severance and benefits charges of $5.8 million for the third fiscal quarter of 2020. We also continued our reduction-in-force initiative begun in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and recorded related severance and benefits charges of $0.5 million for the third fiscal quarter of 2020. In addition, we also had facility restructuring charges of $0.3 million for the third fiscal quarter of 2020.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 we recorded restructuring charges of $19.4 million. The charges consisted primarily of excess facility charges of $8.2 million for impairment of right-of-use assets related to our Milpitas California, South San Jose California, and Salem, New Hampshire facilities.  Additionally, we initiated reduction-in-force procedures during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and recorded severance and benefits charges of $11.2 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we did not record any restructuring charges. For the nine months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $1.3 million associated with a reduction-in-force in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and additional excess facility charges.  

Amortization of Intangibles

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded $2.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of operating expenses for amortization of intangibles in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The increase was primarily due to amortization of acquired intangibles from the Aerohive acquisition, partially offset by lower amortization related to certain acquired intangibles from previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded $6.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of operating expenses for amortization of intangibles in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The increase was primarily due to amortization of acquired intangibles from the Aerohive acquisition, partially offset by lower amortization related to certain acquired intangibles from previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized.

Interest Expense

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded $6.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, in interest expense.  The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by higher outstanding loan balances and other charges due to refinancing our 2018 Credit Agreement in August 2019.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded $17.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, in interest expense.  The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by higher outstanding loan balances and other charges due to refinancing our 2018 Credit Agreement in August 2019.

Other Income (Expense), Net

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded other income of $1.3 million and other expense of $0.4 million, respectively, in other income (expense), net. The change for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to foreign exchange gains from the revaluation of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars.  

During the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded other income of $1.1 million and other expense of $0.3 million, respectively, in other income (expense), net. The change for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars.

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Provision for Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded an income tax provision of $1.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded an income tax provision of $4.9 million and tax benefit of $2.0 million, respectively.

The income tax provisions for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of (1) taxes on the income of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, (2) foreign withholding taxes, (3) tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Enterasys Networks, Inc., the WLAN Business, the Campus Fabric Business and the Data Center Business, and (4) state taxes in jurisdictions where the Company has no remaining state Net Operating Losses (“NOL’S”). In addition, the nine months ended March 31, 2019 included tax benefits associated with the release of valuation allowance resulting from changes introduced by U.S. tax reform as well as the release of a valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets in Australia.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted under SEC rules and regulations. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

As discussed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019, we consider the following accounting policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing our consolidated financial statements:

• Revenue Recognition

• Business Combinations

• Inventory Valuation and Purchase Commitments

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since the filing of our last Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a full description of new accounting pronouncements, including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on results of operations and financial condition.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes information regarding our cash and working capital (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		June 30, 2019
Cash	$	196,350	$	169,607
Working capital	$	20,984	$	85,960

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As of March 31, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash of $196.4 million and accounts receivable, net of $96.2 million. Our principal uses of cash include the purchase of finished goods inventory from our contract manufacturers, payroll and other operating expenses related to the development and marketing of our products, purchases of property and equipment, repayments of debt and related interest and repurchases of common stock outstanding. We believe that our $196.4 million of cash at March 31, 2020 and our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 12 months.

On November 2, 2018, our Board of Directors announced that it had authorized management to repurchase up to $60.0 million of its shares of common stock for two years from the date of authorization, of which $15.0 million was used for repurchases in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.  Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The manner, timing and amount of any future purchases will be determined by our management based on their evaluation of market conditions, stock price, Extreme’s ongoing determination that it is the best use of available cash and other factors. The repurchase program does not obligate Extreme to acquire any shares of its common stock, may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice and will be subject to regulatory considerations. In November 2019, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “November 2019 ASR”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock.  Pursuant to the November 2019 ASR, the Company paid $30.0 million for an initial delivery of 3,850,000 shares valued at $25.2 million. The remaining balance of $4.8 million was recorded as a forward contract in the Company’s common stock. The forward contract was settled on January 24, 2020, and the Company received an additional 381,505 shares of its common stock.  

In connection with the acquisition of Aerohive as discussed in Note 4 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, as of August 9, 2019, we amended the 2018 Credit Agreement, which is no longer outstanding, and entered into the 2019 Credit Agreement, by and among us, as borrower, several banks and other financial institutions as Lenders, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as an issuing lender and swingline lender, Silicon Valley Bank, as an Issuing Lender, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders. The 2019 Credit Agreement provides for a 5-year first lien term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $380 million and a 5-year revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $75 million (“2019 Revolving Facility”). In addition, we may request incremental term loans and/or incremental revolving loan commitments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the sum of $100 million plus an unlimited amount that is subject to pro forma compliance with certain financial tests. On August 9, 2019, we used the proceeds to partially fund the acquisition of Aerohive and for working capital and general corporate purposes.

At our election, the initial term loan (the “Initial Term Loan”) under the 2019 Credit Agreement may be made as either base rate loans or Eurodollar loans. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.25% to 2.50% per annum and the applicable margin for Eurodollar loans ranges from 1.25% to 3.50%, in each case based on Extreme’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio. All Eurodollar loans are subject to a Base Rate floor of 0.00%. The 2019 Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets.

The 2019 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain certain minimum financial ratios at the end of each fiscal quarter. The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes covenants and restrictions that limit, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens upon any of our property, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets. The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default which may result in acceleration of the outstanding balance.

Financial covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement require us to maintain a minimum consolidated fixed charge and consolidated leverage ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter through maturity.  The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes covenants and restrictions that limit, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens upon any of our property, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets.  The 2019 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default which may result in acceleration of the outstanding balance.

On April 8, 2020, we entered into the first amendment to our 2019 Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) to waive certain terms and financial covenants of the 2019 Credit Agreement through July 31, 2020. On May 8, 2020, we entered into the second amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) which supersedes the First Amendment and provides certain revised terms and financial covenants effective through March 31, 2021. Subsequent to March 31, 2021, the original terms and financial covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement will resume in effect. The Second Amendment requires us to maintain certain minimum cash requirement and certain financial metrics at the end of each fiscal quarter through March 31, 2021. Under the terms of the Second Amendment, we are not permitted to exceed $55.0 million in our outstanding balance under the 2019 Revolving Facility, the applicable margin for Eurodollar rate will be 4.5% and we are restricted from pursuing certain activities such as incurring additional debt, stock repurchases, making acquisitions or declaring a dividend, until we are in compliance with the original covenants of the 2019 Credit Agreement. We expect to be in compliance with the original terms of the 2019 Credit Agreement prior to June 30, 2021.

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We have already experienced an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations due to the coronavirus outbreak. The full extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our results and cash flows will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, among others. Complications from the COVID-19 outbreak could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations, financial position, and cash flows particularly if such complications have an extended duration. See also Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors.

Key Components of Cash Flows and Liquidity

A summary of the sources and uses of cash is as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	27,061		$	79,502
Net cash used in investing activities		(186,839	)		(15,454	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		187,262			(28,178	)
Foreign currency effect on cash		(741	)		(196	)
Net increase in cash	$	26,743		$	35,674

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operations in the nine months ended March 31, 2020, were $27.1 million, including our net loss of $105.6 million and non-cash expenses of $100.4 million for items such as amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, depreciation, reduction in carrying amount of right-of-use assets, restructuring charges, deferred income taxes and imputed interest.  Other sources of cash for the period included a decrease in accounts receivables, inventory and prepaid expenses and other current assets. This was partially offset by decreases in accounts payable, accrued compensation, other current and long-term liabilities, and operating lease liabilities.

Cash flows provided by operations in the nine months ended March 31, 2019, were $79.5 million, including our net loss of $8.8 million and non-cash expenses of $61.8 million for items such as amortization of intangibles, share-based compensation, depreciation, deferred income taxes and imputed interest. Other sources of cash for the period included a decrease in accounts receivables, and inventories and increases in deferred revenues. This was partially offset by decreases in accounts payable, accrued compensation and other current and long-term liabilities, and increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 were $186.8 million, including $219.5 million for the acquisition of Aerohive (net of cash acquired), purchases of property and equipment of $12.6 million, which was partially offset by proceeds of $45.2 million related to the maturity and sales of short-term investments.

Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2019 were $15.5 million which consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $16.2 million partially offset by proceeds of $0.7 million related to the sale of investments.

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

Cash flows provided by financing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 were $187.3 million due primarily to additional borrowings of $199.5 million under our 2019 Credit Agreement to partially fund our acquisition of Aerohive, $55.0  million of borrowings under our 2019 Revolving Facility, $9.5 million of proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and exercise of stock options, net of taxes paid on vested and released stock awards. This was partially offset by debt repayments of $29.8 million, payment of loan fees of $10.5 million, contingent consideration of $3.4 million, and $3.0 million for deferred payments on acquisitions.  

Cash flows provided by financing activities also included repurchasing of our common shares of $30.0 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020, in accordance with our approved share repurchase plan. The share repurchases were executed through an accelerated share repurchase program, and future share repurchases may be completed through the combination of individually negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchases, and/or open market purchases. As of March 31, 2020, we have $55.0 million available under our share repurchase plan. The 2019 Credit Agreement does not contain any restrictions on the amount of borrowings that can be used to make share repurchases, as long as we are in compliance with our financial and non-financial covenants.

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Cash flows used in financing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2019 were $28.2 million consisting of repayments of debt totaling $17.4 million, contingent consideration of $5.3 million, and $3.0 million for deferred payments on acquisitions.  This was partially offset by $13.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock under our ESPP, the exercise of stock options and net of taxes paid on vested and released stock awards. Cash flows used in financing activities for the period also included repurchasing shares of our common stock valued at $15.0 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2019, in accordance with our approved share repurchase plan.

Foreign Currency Effect on Cash

Foreign currency effect on cash decreased in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, primarily due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and particularly the Brazilian Real, Indian Rupee and the EURO.

Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2020, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):

	Payments due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Contractual obligations:
Debt obligations	$	425,500	$	19,000	$	57,000	$	349,500	$	—
Interest on debt obligations		84,965		21,705		40,001		23,259		—
Unconditional purchase obligations		37,085		37,085		—		—		—
Contractual commitments		100,658		20,367		40,733		20,171		19,387
Lease payments on operating leases		79,611		5,356		39,859		22,000		12,396
Deferred payments for an acquisition		12,000		4,000		8,000		—		—
Contingent consideration for an acquisition		2,940		779		2,071		90		—
Other liabilities		187		43		86		58		—
Total contractual cash obligations	$	742,946	$	108,335	$	187,750	$	415,078	$	31,783

The contractual obligations referenced above are more specifically defined as follows:

Debt obligations related to amounts owed under our 2019 Credit Agreement.

Unconditional purchase obligations represent the purchase of long lead-time component inventory that our contract manufacturers procure in accordance with our forecast. We expect to honor the inventory purchase commitments within the next 12 months.

Contractual commitments to suppliers for future services.

Lease payments on operating leases represent base rents and operating expense obligations to landlords for facilities we occupy at various locations.

Deferred payments for the acquisition of the Data Center Business represent payments of $1.0 million per quarter.

Contingent consideration for the Capital Financing Business acquisition, at the estimated fair value.  Actual payments could be different.

Other liabilities include our commitments towards debt related fees and specific arrangements other than inventory.

The amounts in the table above exclude immaterial income tax liabilities related to uncertain tax positions as we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of settlement.

We did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as of March 31, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2020.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to debt and foreign currencies.

Debt

At certain points in time we are exposed to the impact of interest rate fluctuations, primarily in the form of variable rate borrowings from our 2019 Credit Agreement.  Our debt and 2019 Credit Agreement are described in Note 8. Debt, of our Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.  At March 31, 2020, we had $425.5 million of debt outstanding, all of which was from our 2019 Credit Agreement.  During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the average daily outstanding amount was $380.0 million with a high of $430.3 million and a low of $375.3 million. 

The following table presents hypothetical changes in interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, on borrowings under our 2019 Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2020, that are sensitive to changes in interest rates (in thousands):

Change in interest expense given a decrease in interest rate of X bps*						Outstanding debt		Change in interest expense given an increase in interest rate of X bps
(100 bps)			(50 bps)			as of March 31, 2020		100 bps			50 bps
$	(950	)	$	(475	)	$	380,033	$	(950	)	$	(475	)

* Underlying interest rate was 5.06% as of March 31, 2020.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

In conjunction with our term loan under the 2019 Credit Agreement, we entered into interest rate swap contracts with large financial institutions. This involves the receipt of variable rate amounts from these institutions in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments without exchange of the underlying notional amount of $200.0 million of our debt. The derivative instruments hedge the impact of the changes in variable interest rates. We record the changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges of interest rate risk in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until termination of the derivative agreements.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

A majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in United States Dollars. While we conduct some sales transactions and incur certain operating expenses in foreign currencies and expect to continue to do so, we do not anticipate that foreign exchange gains or losses will be significant, in part because of our foreign exchange risk management process discussed below.

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings as Other expense, net. From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the effect of gains and losses generated by the foreign currency forecast transactions related to certain operating expenses and re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives do not qualify as hedges. Changes in the fair value of these foreign exchange forward contracts are offset largely by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. As of March 31, 2020, forward foreign currency contracts had a notional principal amount of $13.3 million and as of the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 there were gains of $0.1 million. These contracts have maturities of less than 30 days. Changes in the fair value of these foreign exchange forward contracts are offset largely by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. At March 31, 2019, we did not have any forward foreign currency contracts outstanding.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from operations was a gain of $0.9 million and a loss of less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from operations was a gain of $1.1 million and a gain of $0.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

On July 1, 2019, we adopted the new FASB lease standard ASC 842, which required us to change our accounting for leases. To facilitate accounting and reporting requirements related to ASC 842, we have implemented a software application for real estate and equipment lease accounting and made applicable changes to our internal controls over financial reporting around lease accounting and disclosure. In addition, we implemented a new application around revenue recognition in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and made applicable changes to our internal controls as a result of this implementation.

Other than the changes discussed above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15(d) – 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Our controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that our control system’s objective will be met, and our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Extreme Networks have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Notwithstanding these limitations, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are, in fact, effective at the “reasonable assurance” level.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding litigation matters required by this item, refer to Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, and Note 10 to our Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report which are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following is a list of risks and uncertainties which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, operations, industry, financial condition, results of operations or future financial performance. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the key risk factors affecting our business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or that are not currently believed to be significant that may adversely affect our business, results of operations, industry, financial position and financial performance in the future.  

The coronavirus outbreak has had, and could continue to have, a materially disruptive effect on our business.

A novel strain of coronavirus emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus, now known as COVID-19, has spread around the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and shutdowns. The spread of COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, a material negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Current and potential impacts include, but are not limited to, the following:

• the extended closures in early February 2020 and slow ramp up of capacity of many factories in China where our products and the components and subcomponents used in the manufacture of our equipment created, and could continue to create, supply chain disruptions for Extreme;

• supply and transportation costs have increased, and may continue to increase, as alternate suppliers are sought;

• reductions in passenger flights have led to a backlog of freight at airport terminals, causing further disruptions to the supply chain;

• labor shortages within delivery and other industries due to extended worker absences could create further supply chain disruptions;

• receivables and cash flow may be negatively impacted due to, among other things, supply chain disruptions or delays in customer payments;

• demand for Extreme’s products and services, including Extreme’s enterprise-scale products, have been and may continue to be reduced due to, among other things, uncertainties in the global economy and financial markets, cancellation or postponement of large gatherings and reduction in office sizes as well as reduced customer spending;

• orders or guidance to shut down non-essential businesses and for people to work from home have impacted the ability to ship products to customers and could inhibit sales opportunities;

• labor shortages within Extreme due to extended employee absences could negatively impact Extreme’s business, including potential reductions in the availability of the sales team to complete sales and delays in deliverables and timelines within Extreme’s engineering and support functions;

• fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could make our products less competitive in a price-sensitive environment for our non-U.S. customers; and

• reductions in earnings could increase our costs of borrowing, reduce our ability to comply with our credit agreement covenants or make extensions of credit unavailable to us.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the speed and extent of geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the affected areas, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the affected areas to contain and treat the disease.

We cannot assure future profitability, and our financial results may fluctuate significantly from period to period.

We have reported losses in each of our five most recent fiscal years. In addition, in years when we reported profits, we were not profitable in each quarter during those years. We anticipate continuing to incur significant sales and marketing, product development and general and administrative expenses. Any delay in generating or recognizing revenue could result in a loss for a quarter or full year.  Even if we are profitable, our operating results may fall below our expectations and those of our investors, which could cause the price of our stock to fall.

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We may experience challenges or delays in generating or recognizing revenue for a number of reasons and our revenue and operating results have varied significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

• our dependence on obtaining orders during a quarter and shipping those orders in the same quarter to achieve our revenue objectives;

• decreases in the prices of the products we sell;

• the mix of products sold and the mix of distribution channels through which products are sold;

• acceptance provisions in customer contracts;

• our ability to deliver installation or inspection services by the end of the quarter;

• changes in general and/or specific macro-economic conditions in the networking industry;

• seasonal fluctuations in demand for our products and services;

• a disproportionate percentage of our sales occurring in the last month of a quarter;

• our ability to ship products by the end of a quarter;

• reduced visibility into the implementation cycles for our products and our customers’ spending plans;

• our ability to forecast demand for our products, which in the case of lower-than-expected sales, may result in excess or obsolete inventory in addition to non-cancelable purchase commitments for component parts;

• our sales to the telecommunications service provider market, which represents a significant source of large product orders, being especially volatile and difficult to forecast;

• product returns or the cancellation or rescheduling of orders;

• announcements and new product introductions by our competitors;

• our ability to develop and support relationships with enterprise customers, service providers and other potential large customers;

• our ability to achieve and maintain targeted cost reductions;

• fluctuations in warranty or other service expenses actually incurred;

• our ability to obtain sufficient supplies of sole- or limited-source components for our products on a timely basis;

• increases in the price of the components we purchase; and

• changes in funding for customer technology purchases in our markets.

Due to the foregoing and other factors, many of which are described herein, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.

We may not realize anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions, divestitures and strategic investments, and the integration of acquired companies or technologies may negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations or dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.

As part of our business strategy, we review acquisition and strategic investment prospects that we believe would complement our current product offerings, augment our market coverage or enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could:

• issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

• incur substantial debt;

• assume contingent liabilities; or

• expend significant cash.

These actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results or the price of our common stock. For example, on August 9, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Aerohive, a publicly held networking company, for approximately $264 million in cash consideration and assumption of certain employee equity awards.

There can be no assurance we will achieve the revenues, growth prospects and synergies expected from any acquisition or that we will achieve such revenue, growth prospects and synergies in the anticipated time period and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, even if we do obtain benefits in the form of increased sales and earnings, these benefits may be recognized much later than the time when the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred. This is particularly relevant in cases where it would be necessary to integrate new types of technology into our existing portfolio and new types of products may be targeted for potential customers with which we do not have pre-existing relationships.

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of any current and future acquisitions, divestitures and investment activities, including the acquisition of Aerohive, also entail numerous risks, including, but not limited to:

• difficulties in the assimilation and successful integration of acquired operations, sales functions, technologies and/or products;

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• unanticipated costs, litigation or other contingent liabilities associated with the acquisition or investment transaction;

• incurrence of acquisition- and integration-related costs, goodwill or in-process research and development impairment charges, or amortization costs for acquired intangible assets, that could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations;

• the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;

• adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

• risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience;

• the potential loss of key employees of acquired organizations and inability to attract or retain other key employees; and

• substantial charges for the amortization of certain purchased intangible assets, deferred stock compensation or similar items.

In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies, or personnel that we might acquire in the future, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

The global economic environment has and may continue to negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

The challenges and uncertainty currently affecting global economic conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, may negatively impact our business and operating results in the following ways:

• customers may delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and services;

• customers may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, the amounts they owe us, which may adversely affect our cash flow, the timing of our revenue recognition and the amount of our revenue;

• increased pricing pressure may result from our competitors aggressively discounting their products;

• accurate budgeting and planning will be difficult due to low visibility into future sales;

• forecasting customer demand will be more difficult, increasing the risk of either excess and obsolete inventory if our forecast is too high or insufficient inventory to meet customer demand if our forecast is too low; and

• our component suppliers and contract manufacturers have been negatively affected by the economy, which may result in product delays and changes in pricing and service levels.

If global economic conditions do not show continued improvement, we believe we could experience material adverse impacts to our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our dependence on a few manufacturers and third parties for our manufacturing, warehousing, and delivery requirements could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We primarily rely on our manufacturing partners: Alpha Networks; Senao Networks; Foxconn; Delta Networks, Wistron NeWeb Corporation, Quanta, and select other partners to manufacture our products. We have experienced delays in product shipments from some of our partners in the past, which in turn delayed product shipments to our customers. These or similar problems may arise in the future, such as delivery of products of inferior quality, delivery of insufficient quantity of products, or the interruption or discontinuance of operations of a manufacturer or other partner, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. In addition, any natural disaster or business interruption to our manufacturing partners could significantly disrupt our business. While we maintain strong relationships with our manufacturing and other partners, our agreements with these manufacturers are generally of limited duration and pricing, quality and volume commitments are negotiated on a recurring basis. The failure to maintain continuing agreements with our manufacturing partners or find replacements for them in a timely manner could adversely affect our business.  We intend to introduce new products and product enhancements, which will require that we rapidly achieve volume production by coordinating our efforts with those of our suppliers and contract manufacturers.

As part of our cost-reduction efforts, we will need to realize lower per unit product costs from our manufacturing partners by means of volume efficiencies and the utilization of manufacturing sites in lower-cost geographies. However, we cannot be certain when or if such price reductions will occur. The failure to obtain such price reductions would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

In addition, a portion of our manufacturing is performed in China and is therefore subject to risks associated with doing business outside of the United States, including the possibility of additional import tariffs. The United States government has previously announced import tariffs on goods manufactured in China. These tariffs, depending upon their ultimate scope, duration and how they are implemented, could negatively impact our business by continuing to increase our costs and by making our products less competitive. We may not be able to pass such increased costs on to our customers. In addition, any relocation of contract manufacturing facilities to locations outside of China may increase our costs and could impact the global competitiveness of our products.

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We depend upon international sales for a significant portion of our revenue which imposes a number of risks on our business.

International sales constitute a significant portion of our net revenue. Our ability to grow will depend in part on the expansion of international sales. Our international sales primarily depend on the success of our resellers and distributors. The failure of these resellers and distributors to sell our products internationally would limit our ability to sustain and grow our revenue. There are a number of risks arising from our international business, including:

• longer accounts receivable collection cycles;

• difficulties in managing operations across disparate geographic areas;

• potential import tariffs imposed by the United States and the possibility of reciprocal tariffs by foreign countries;

• difficulties associated with enforcing agreements through foreign legal systems;

• reduced or limited protection of intellectual property rights, particularly in jurisdictions that have less developed intellectual property regimes, such as China and India;

• higher credit risks requiring cash in advance or letters of credit;

• potential adverse tax consequences;

• compliance with regulatory requirements of foreign countries, including compliance with rapidly evolving environmental regulations;

• compliance with U.S. laws and regulations pertaining to the sale and distribution of products to customers in foreign countries, including export controls and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

• the payment of operating expenses in local currencies, which exposes us to risks of currency fluctuations;

• political and economic turbulence or uncertainty, such as the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union that has created economic and political uncertainty in the European Union;

• terrorism, war or other armed conflict;

• compliance with U.S. and other applicable government regulations prohibiting certain end-uses and restrictions on trade with embargoed or sanctioned countries with denied parties;

• difficulty in conducting due diligence with respect to business partners in certain international markets;

• increased complexity of accounting rules and financial reporting requirements;

• fluctuations in local economies; and

• natural disasters and epidemics.

Any or all of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Substantially all of our international sales are United States dollar-denominated. The continued strength and future increases in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets. In the future, we may elect to invoice a larger portion of of our international customers in local currency, which would expose us to greater fluctuations in exchange rates between the United States dollar and the particular local currency. If we do so, we may decide to engage in hedging transactions to minimize the risk of such fluctuations.

We have entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the impact of payment of operating expenses in local currencies to some of our operating foreign subsidiaries. However, if we are not successful in managing these foreign currency transactions, we could incur losses from these activities.

Local laws and customs in many countries differ significantly from, or conflict with, those in the United States or in other countries in which we operate. In many foreign countries, it is common for others to engage in business practices that are prohibited by our internal policies and procedures or U.S. regulations applicable to us. Although we have implemented policies, procedures and training designed to ensure compliance with these U.S. and foreign laws and policies, there can be no complete assurance that any individual employee, contractor, channel partner, or agents will not violate our policies and procedures. Violations of laws or key control policies by our employees, contractors, channel partners, or agents could result in termination of our relationship, financial reporting problems, fines, and/or penalties for us, or prohibition on the importation or exportation of our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Over time we expect the average selling price of our products to decrease, which is likely to reduce gross margin and/or revenue.

The network equipment industry has traditionally experienced an erosion of average selling prices due to a number of factors, including competitive pricing pressures, promotional pricing and technological progress. [Although we have recently increased prices,] over time we anticipate the average selling prices of our products will decrease in the future in response to competitive pricing pressures, excess inventories, increased sales discounts and new product introductions by us or our competitors. We may experience decreases in future operating results due to the erosion of our average selling prices. To maintain our gross margin, we must develop and introduce on a timely basis new products and product enhancements and continually reduce our product costs. Our failure to do so would likely cause our revenue and gross margin to decline.

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 We may not fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our restructuring efforts.

We have undertaken restructuring efforts in the past to streamline operations and reduce operating expenses. Our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from our restructuring efforts within expected time frames is subject to many estimates and assumptions and may vary materially based on factors such as market conditions and the effect of our restructuring efforts on our work force. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure that we will fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our current or future restructuring efforts. If our estimates and assumptions are incorrect or if other unforeseen events occur, we may not achieve the cost savings expected from such restructurings, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We purchase several key components for products from single or limited sources and could lose sales if these suppliers fail to meet our needs.

We currently purchase several key components used in the manufacturing of our products from single or limited sources and are dependent upon supply from these sources to meet our needs. Certain components such as tantalum capacitors, SRAM, DRAM, and printed circuit boards, have been in the past, and may in the future be, in short supply. We have encountered, and are likely in the future to encounter, shortages and delays in obtaining these or other components, and this could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet customer orders. Our principal sole-source components include:

• ASICs - merchant silicon, Ethernet switching, custom and physical interface;

• microprocessors;

• programmable integrated circuits;

• selected other integrated circuits;

• custom power supplies; and

• custom-tooled sheet metal.

Our principal limited-source components include:

• flash memory;

• DRAMs and SRAMs;

• printed circuit boards;

• CAMs;

• connectors; and

• timing circuits (crystals & clocks).

We use our forecast of expected demand to determine our material requirements. Lead times for materials and components we order vary significantly, and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. If forecasts exceed orders, we may have excess and/or obsolete inventory, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. If orders exceed forecasts, we may have inadequate supplies of certain materials and components, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet customer delivery requirements and to recognize revenue.

Our top ten suppliers accounted for a significant portion of our purchases during the quarter. Given the significant concentration of our supply chain, particularly with certain sole or limited source providers, any significant interruption by any of the key suppliers or a termination of a relationship could temporarily disrupt our operations.  Additionally, our operations are materially dependent upon the continued market acceptance and quality of these manufacturers’ products and their ability to continue to manufacture products that are competitive and that comply with laws relating to environmental and efficiency standards. Our inability to obtain products from one or more of these suppliers or a decline in market acceptance of these suppliers’ products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Other than pursuant to an agreement with a key component supplier which includes pricing based on a minimum volume commitment, generally we do not have agreements fixing long-term prices or minimum volume requirements from suppliers. From time to time we have experienced shortages and allocations of certain components, resulting in delays in filling orders. Qualifying new suppliers to compensate for such shortages may be time-consuming and costly and may increase the likelihood of errors in design or production. In addition, during the development of our products, we have experienced delays in the prototyping of our chipsets, which in turn has led to delays in product introductions. Similar delays may occur in the future. Furthermore, the performance of the components from our suppliers as incorporated in our products may not meet the quality requirements of our customers.

The extended factory closures in China in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak reduced the capacity of our supply chain and may continue to do so. See also, Item 1A. Risk Factors—“The coronavirus outbreak has had, and could continue to have, a materially disruptive effect on our business.”

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To successfully manage our business or achieve our goals, we must attract, retain, train, motivate, develop and promote key employees, and a failure to do so can harm us.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, service and operations personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. We have experienced and may in the future experience significant turnover in our executive personnel.  Changes in our management and key employees could affect our financial results, and our prior reductions in force, may impede our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.  We believe our future success will also depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, sales and marketing, service, finance and operations personnel.  The market for such personnel is competitive in certain regions for certain types of technical skills.

A number of our employees are foreign nationals who rely on visas and entry permits in order to legally work in the United States and other countries.  In recent years, the United States has increased the level of scrutiny in granting H-1(B), L-1 and other business visas.  In addition, the current U.S. administration has indicated that immigration reform is a priority. Compliance with United States immigration and labor laws could require us to incur additional unexpected labor costs and expenses or could restrain our ability to retain skilled professionals.  Any of these restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial conditions.

Our stock price has been volatile in the past and may significantly fluctuate in the future.

In the past, our common stock price has fluctuated significantly. This could continue as we or our competitors announce new products, our results or those of our customers or competition fluctuate, conditions in the networking or semiconductor industry change, conditions in the global economy change, or when investors, change their sentiment toward stocks in the networking technology sector.

In addition, fluctuations in our stock price and our price-to-earnings multiple may make our stock attractive to momentum, hedge or day-trading investors who often shift funds into and out of stock rapidly, exacerbating price fluctuations in either direction, particularly when viewed on a quarterly basis.  These fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price or liquidity of our common stock. Some companies, including us, that have had volatile market prices for their securities have had securities class action lawsuits filed against them. If a suit were filed against us, regardless of its merits or outcome, it could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.  

Due to the volatility in our stock price, we can make no assurance that we will be able to continue to meet the continuing listing requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”). If we are unable to meet the continuing listing requirements, NASDAQ may take steps to delist our common stock. This would adversely affect the ability of investors to trade in our stock, limiting the liquidity of our stock and decreasing its value.  If our stock was delisted by NASDAQ, this could negatively impact our ability to raise capital.  Delisting could be a negative factor with regard to employee engagement and could negatively impact sales.  Further, if our stock was delisted by NASDAQ, our stock may no longer be considered a covered security, and we would be subject to various state securities regulations.

Intense competition in the market for networking equipment and Cloud platform companies could prevent us from increasing revenue and attaining profitability.

The market for network switching solutions is intensely competitive and dominated primarily by Cisco Systems Inc., Dell, Inc. Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Company, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Arista Networks, Inc., CommScope and Juniper Networks, Inc. Most of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, broader product lines and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. As a result, these competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. In addition, they have larger distribution channels, stronger brand names, access to more customers, a larger installed customer base and a greater ability to make attractive offers to channel partners and customers than we do. Further, many of our competitors have made substantial investments in hardware networking capabilities and offerings.  These competitors may be able to gain market share by leveraging their investments in hardware networking capabilities to attract customers at lower prices or with greater synergies. Some of our customers may question whether we have the financial resources to complete their projects and future service commitments.

We may also face increased competition from both traditional networking solutions companies and Cloud platform companies offering IaaS and PaaS products to enterprise customers. In particular, AWS, Microsoft Azure and the Google Cloud Platform may provide enterprise customers with a cloud-based platform of data center compute and networking services.

For example, we have encountered, and expect to continue to encounter in the future, many potential customers who are confident in and committed to the product offerings of our principal competitors. Accordingly, these potential customers may not consider or evaluate our products. When such potential customers have considered or evaluated our products, we have in the past lost, and expect in the future to lose, sales to some of these customers as large competitors have offered significant price discounts to secure these sales.

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The pricing policies of our competitors impact the overall demand for our products and services. Some of our competitors are capable of operating at significant losses for extended periods of time, increasing pricing pressure on our products and services. If we do not maintain competitive pricing, the demand for our products and services, as well as our market share, may decline. From time to time, we may lower the prices of our products and services in response to competitive pressure. When this happens, if we are unable to reduce our component costs or improve operating efficiencies, our revenue and gross margins will be adversely affected.

Industry consolidation may lead to stronger competition and may harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. For example, some of our current and potential competitors for enterprise data center business have made acquisitions or announced new strategic alliances, designed to position them with the ability to provide end-to-end technology solutions for the enterprise data center. Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form alliances with our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us. We believe industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Furthermore, particularly in the service provider market, rapid consolidation will lead to fewer customers, with the effect that loss of a major customer could have a material impact on results not anticipated in a customer marketplace composed of more numerous participants.

We intend to invest in engineering, sales, services, marketing and manufacturing on a long-term basis, and delays or inability to attain the expected benefits may result in unfavorable operating results.

While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term, we also intend to invest in personnel and other resources related to our engineering, sales, services, marketing and manufacturing functions as we focus on our foundational priorities, such as leadership in our core products and solutions and architectures for business transformation. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than some of the anticipated benefits and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our business, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected.

Our success is dependent on our ability to continually introduce new products and features that achieve broad market acceptance.

The network equipment market is characterized by rapid technological progress, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. If we do not regularly introduce new products in this dynamic environment, our product lines will become obsolete. These new products must be compatible and inter-operate with products and architectures offered by other vendors. We have and may in the future experience delays in product development and releases, and such delays have and could in the future adversely affect our ability to compete and our business, financial condition, and operating results.

When we announce new products or product enhancements that have the potential to replace or shorten the life cycle of our existing products, customers may defer or cancel orders for our existing products; in addition, ending sales of existing products may cause customers to cancel or defer orders for our existing products. These actions could have a material adverse effect on our operating results by unexpectedly decreasing sales, increasing inventory levels of older products and exposing us to greater risk of product obsolescence.

Even if we introduce new switching products, alternative technologies could achieve widespread market acceptance and displace the Ethernet technology on which we have based our product architecture. For example, developments in routers and routing software could significantly reduce demand for our products. As a result, we may not be able to achieve widespread market acceptance of our current or future products.

If we do not successfully anticipate technological shifts, market needs and opportunities, and develop products, product enhancements and business strategies that meet those technological shifts, needs and opportunities, or if those products are not made available or strategies are not executed in a timely manner or do not gain market acceptance, we may not be able to compete effectively and our ability to generate revenues will suffer.

The markets for our products are constantly evolving and characterized by rapid technological change, frequent product introductions, changes in customer requirements, and continuous pricing pressures. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to anticipate future technological shifts, market needs and opportunities or be able to develop new products, product enhancements and business strategies to meet such technological shifts, needs or opportunities in a timely manner or at all. For example, the move from Wi-Fi 5 to Wi-Fi 6 infrastructures has been receiving considerable attention. In our view, it will take several years to see the majority of customers fully embrace Wi-Fi 6 technology, and we believe the successful Wi-Fi 6 products and solutions will combine hardware, software, cloud, machine learning, and artificial intelligence elements together to provide value in addition to the chipset evolution itself. If we fail to anticipate market requirements or opportunities or fail to develop and introduce new products, product enhancements or business strategies to meet those requirements or opportunities in a timely manner, it could cause us to lose

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customers, and such failure could substantially decrease or delay market acceptance and sales of our present and future products and services, which would significantly harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if we are able to anticipate, develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, we cannot assure that new products or enhancements will achieve widespread market acceptance.

Our employees may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other misconduct. Misconduct by employees could include intentional failures to: 

• comply with securities laws and regulations or similar regulations of comparable foreign regulatory authorities;

• comply with export controls and sanctions laws and regulations or similar regulations of comparable foreign regulatory authorities;

• comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations or similar regulations of comparable foreign regulatory authorities;

• comply with internal controls that we have established;

• report financial information or data accurately; or

• disclose unauthorized activities to us.

The precautions we take to detect and prevent misconduct may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.

The cloud networking market is still in its early stages and is rapidly evolving. If this market does not evolve as we anticipate, or our target end customers do not adopt our cloud networking solutions, we may not be able to compete effectively, and our ability to generate revenue will suffer.

The cloud networking market is the fastest growing segment of the networking industry, with expected compound annual growth rates double that of on-premises managed networking, and this projected data led us to acquire Aerohive Networks in August 2019. The market demand for cloud networking solutions has increased in recent years as end customers have deployed larger networks and have increased the use of virtualization and cloud computing. Our success may be impacted by our ability to provide successful cloud networking solutions that address the needs of our channel partners and end customers more effectively and economically than those of other competitors or existing technologies.  If the cloud networking solutions market does not develop in the way we anticipate, if our solutions do not offer significant benefits compared to competing legacy network switching products or if end customers do not recognize the benefits that our solutions provide, then our potential for growth in this cloud market could be adversely affected.

Claims of infringement by others may increase and the resolution of such claims may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents, copyrights (including rights to “open source” software) and other intellectual property rights. As we have grown it has, and may continue to, experience greater revenues and increased public visibility, which may cause competitors, customers, and governmental authorities to be more likely to initiate litigation against us. Because of the existence of a large number of patents in the networking field, the secrecy of some pending patents and the issuance of new patents at a rapid pace, it is not possible to determine in advance if a product or component might infringe the patent rights of others. Because of the potential for courts awarding substantial damages, the lack of predictability of such awards and the high legal costs associated with the defense of such patent infringement matters that would be expended to prove lack of infringement, it is not uncommon for companies in our industry to settle even potentially unmeritorious claims for very substantial amounts. Furthermore, the entities with whom we have or could have disputes or discussions include entities with extensive patent portfolios and substantial financial assets. These entities are actively engaged in programs to generate substantial revenue from their patent portfolios and are seeking or may seek significant payments or royalties from us and others in our industry.

Litigation resulting from claims that we are infringing the proprietary rights of others has resulted and could in the future result in substantial costs and a diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We previously received notices from entities alleging that we were infringing their patents and have been party to patent litigation in the past.

Without regard to the merits of these or any other claims, an adverse court order or a settlement could require us, among other actions, to:

• stop selling our products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

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• obtain a royalty bearing license to sell or use the relevant technology, and that license may not be available on reasonable terms or available at all;

• pay damages;

• redesign those products that use the disputed technology; or

• face a ban on importation of our products into the United States.

In addition, our products include so-called “open source” software. Open source software is typically licensed for use at no initial charge but imposes on the user of the open source software certain requirements to license to others both the open source software as well as modifications to the open source software under certain circumstances. Our use of open source software subjects us to certain additional risks for the following reasons:

• open source license terms may be ambiguous and may result in unanticipated obligations regarding the licensing of our products and intellectual property;

• open source software cannot be protected under trade secret law;

• suppliers of open-source software do not provide the warranty, support and liability protections typically provided by vendors who offer proprietary software; and

• it may be difficult for us to accurately determine the developers of the open source code and whether the acquired software infringes third-party intellectual property rights.

We believe even if we do not infringe the rights of others, we will incur significant expenses in the future due to defense of legal claims, disputes or licensing negotiations, though the amounts cannot be determined. These expenses may be material or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our credit facilities impose financial and operating restrictions on us.

Our 2019 Credit Agreement imposes, and the terms of any future debt may impose, operating and other restrictions on us. These restrictions could affect, and in many respects limit or prohibit, among other items, our ability to:

• incur additional indebtedness;

• create liens;

• make investments;

• enter into transactions with affiliates;

• sell assets;

• guarantee indebtedness;

• declare or pay dividends or other distributions to stockholders;

• repurchase equity interests;

• change the nature of our business;

• enter into swap agreements;

• issue or sell capital stock of certain of our subsidiaries; and

• consolidate, merge, or transfer all or substantially all of our assets and the assets of our subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Our 2019 Credit Agreement also requires us to achieve and maintain compliance with specified financial ratios and certain liquidity and revenue metrics. A breach of any of these restrictive covenants or the inability to comply with the required financial ratios or metrics could result in a default under our 2019 Credit Agreement. For example, in April 2020, we obtained a limited waiver under the 2019 Credit Agreement relating to compliance with certain financial ratios.  If we are unable to renegotiate the terms of the 2019 Credit Agreement prior to the expiration of the waiver period set forth in such limited waiver, or if any further event of default occurs, the lenders under our 2019 Credit Agreement may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. The lenders under our 2019 Credit Agreement also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings.

Uncertainty about the future of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) could impact the cost of our borrowing and ability to mitigate interest rate risk.

Certain of our financing instruments involve variable rate debt, thus exposing us to the risk of fluctuations in interest rates. Our 2019 Credit Agreement provides for interest to be calculated based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), however, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced in 2017 that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. With the expected discontinuation of LIBOR, the U.S. Federal Reserve has begun publishing a Secured Overnight Funding Rate, an index based on transactions in the Treasury repurchase market. At this time, we cannot predict how markets will respond to this or other proposed alternative rates or the effect of any changes to LIBOR or the discontinuation of LIBOR. The overall financial market may be disrupted as a result of the phase-out or replacement of LIBOR, which could increase our cost of borrowing and could impact our ability to enter into hedging arrangements to mitigate interest rate risk.  If LIBOR is no longer available or if our lenders

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have increased costs due to changes in LIBOR, we may experience potential increases in interest rates on our variable rate debt, which could adversely impact our interest expense, results of operations and cash flows.  

If we fail to meet our payment or other obligations under our 2019 Credit Agreement, the lenders under such 2019 Credit Agreement, as amended, could foreclose on, and acquire control of, substantially all of our assets.

Our 2019 Credit Agreement is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries. Borrowings under our 2019 Credit Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all of our assets, including the capital stock of certain of our subsidiaries, and the assets of our subsidiaries that are loan party guarantors. If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due or comply with other obligations and covenants under our 2019 Credit Agreement, the lenders under our 2019 Credit Agreement will have the right to proceed against these pledged capital stock and take control of substantially all of our assets.

Our cash requirements may require us to seek additional debt or equity financing and we may not be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms, or at all.

Our 2019 Credit Agreement may not be sufficient for our future working capital, investments and cash requirements, in which case we would need to seek additional debt or equity financing or scale back our operations. In addition, we may need to seek additional financing to achieve and maintain compliance with specified financial ratios under our 2019 Credit Agreement, as amended.  We may not be able to access additional capital resources due to a variety of reasons, including the restrictive covenants in our 2019 Credit Agreement and the lack of available capital due to global economic conditions. If our financing requirements are not met and we are unable to access additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our operating results may be negatively affected by legal proceedings.

We have in the past, currently are and will likely in the future pursue or be subject to claims or lawsuits in the normal course of our business. In addition to the risks related to the intellectual property lawsuits described above, we are currently parties to other litigation as described in Note 10 to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report. Regardless of the result, litigation can be expensive, lengthy and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of a lawsuit in which we are a defendant could result in a court order against us or payments to other parties that would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Even if we are successful in prosecuting claims and lawsuits, we may not recover damages sufficient to cover our expenses incurred to manage, investigate and pursue the litigation. In addition, subject to certain limitations, we may be obligated to indemnify our current and former customers, suppliers, directors, officers and employees in certain lawsuits. We may not have adequate insurance coverage to cover all of our litigation costs and liabilities.

Failure to protect our intellectual property could affect our business.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. However, we cannot ensure that the actions we have taken will adequately protect our intellectual property rights or that other parties will not independently develop similar or competing products that do not infringe on our patents. We generally enter into confidentiality, invention assignment or license agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties with whom we do business, and control access to and distribution of our intellectual property and other proprietary information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise misappropriate or use our products or technology, which would adversely affect our business.

When our products contain undetected errors, we may incur significant unexpected expenses and could lose sales.

Network products frequently contain undetected errors when new products or new versions or updates of existing products are released to the marketplace. In the past, we have experienced such errors in connection with new products and product updates. We have experienced component problems in prior years that caused us to incur higher than expected warranty, service costs and expenses, and other related operating expenses. In the future, we expect that, from time to time, such errors or component failures will be found in new or existing products after the commencement of commercial shipments. These problems may have a material adverse effect on our business by causing us to incur significant warranty, repair and replacement costs, diverting the attention of our engineering personnel from new product development efforts, delaying the recognition of revenue and causing significant customer relations problems. Further, if products are not accepted by customers due to such defects, and such returns exceed the amount we accrued for defective returns based on our historical experience, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Our products must successfully inter-operate with products from other vendors. As a result, when problems occur in a network, it may be difficult to identify the sources of these problems. The occurrence of system errors, whether or not caused by our products, could result in the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products and any necessary revisions may cause us to incur significant expenses. The occurrence of any such problems would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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We must continue to develop and increase the productivity of our indirect distribution channels to increase net revenue and improve our operating results.

Our distribution strategy focuses primarily on developing and increasing the productivity of our indirect distribution channels. If we fail to develop and cultivate relationships with significant channel partners, or if these channel partners are not successful in their sales efforts, sales of our products may decrease and our operating results could suffer. Many of our channel partners also sell products from other vendors that compete with our products. Our channel partners may not continue to market or sell our products effectively or to devote the resources necessary to provide us with effective sales, marketing and technical support. We may not be able to successfully manage our sales channels or enter into additional reseller and/or distribution agreements. Our failure to do any of these could limit our ability to grow or sustain revenue.

Our operating results for any given period have and will continue to depend to a significant extent on large orders from a relatively small number of channel partners and other customers. However, we do not have binding purchase commitments from any of them. A substantial reduction or delay in sales of our products to a significant reseller, distributor or other customer could harm our business, operating results and financial condition because our expense levels are based on our expectations as to future revenue and to a large extent are fixed in the short term. Under specified conditions, some third-party distributors are allowed to return products to us and unexpected returns could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our channel partners and other indirect distribution channels have been negatively impacted by COVID-19 and the resulting economic decline, and may continue to be so impacted.  This has resulted in, and may continue to result in, decreased sales.

The sales cycle for our products is long and we may incur substantial non-recoverable expenses or devote significant resources to sales that do not occur when anticipated.

The purchase of our products represents a significant strategic decision by a customer regarding its communications infrastructure. The decision by customers to purchase our products is often based on the results of a variety of internal procedures associated with the evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance of new technologies. Accordingly, the product evaluation process frequently results in a lengthy sales cycle, typically ranging from three months to longer than a year, and as a result, our ability to sell products is subject to a number of significant risks, including risks that:

• budgetary constraints and internal acceptance reviews by customers will result in the loss of potential sales;

• there may be substantial variation in the length of the sales cycle from customer to customer, making decisions on the expenditure of resources difficult to assess;

• we may incur substantial sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management time in an attempt to initiate or increase the sale of products to customers, but not succeed;

• if a sales forecast from a specific customer for a particular quarter is not achieved in that quarter, we may be unable to compensate for the shortfall, which could harm our operating results; and

• downward pricing pressures could occur during the lengthy sales cycle for our products.

Failure to successfully optimize our sales and support teams or educate them in regard to technologies and our product families may harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The sale of our products and services requires a concerted effort that is frequently targeted at several levels within a prospective customer's organization. We may not be able to increase net revenue unless we optimize our sales and support teams in order to address all of the customer requirements necessary to sell our products.

We cannot assure that we will be able to successfully integrate employees into our Company or to educate and train current and future employees in regard to rapidly evolving technologies and our product families. A failure to do so may hurt our business, financial condition, and results  of operations.

Failure of our products to comply with evolving industry standards and complex government regulations may adversely impact our business.

If we do not comply with existing or evolving industry standards and government regulations, we may not be able to sell our products where these standards or regulations apply. The network equipment industry in which we compete is characterized by rapid changes in technology and customers' requirements and evolving industry standards. As a result, our success depends on:

• the timely adoption and market acceptance of industry standards, and timely resolution of conflicting U.S. and international industry standards; and

• our ability to influence the development of emerging industry standards and to introduce new and enhanced products that are compatible with such standards.

In the past, we have introduced new products that were not compatible with certain technological standards, and in the future, we may not be able to effectively address the compatibility and interoperability issues that arise as a result of technological changes and evolving industry standards.

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Our products must also comply with various U.S. federal government regulations and standards defined by agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission, standards established by governmental authorities in various foreign countries and recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union. In some circumstances, we must obtain regulatory approvals or certificates of compliance before we can offer or distribute our products in certain jurisdictions or to certain customers. Complying with new regulations or obtaining certifications can be costly and disruptive to our business.

If we do not comply with existing or evolving industry standards or government regulations, we will not be able to sell our products where these standards or regulations apply, which may prevent us from sustaining our net revenue or achieving profitability.

 If we do not adequately manage and evolve our financial reporting and managerial systems and processes, our ability to manage and grow our business may be harmed.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with regulations requires an effective planning and management process. We need to ensure that any businesses acquired, including Aerohive, are appropriately integrated in our financial systems. We need to continue improving our existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls.  Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the integration of acquired businesses, or delay and disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, could harm our ability to record and report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis, or to forecast future results.

Recent U.S. tax legislation may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

U.S. tax legislation has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations, including by reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, permitting immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time transition tax (or “repatriation tax”) on all undistributed earnings and profits of certain U.S.-owned foreign corporations, revising the rules governing net operating losses and the rules governing foreign tax credits, and introducing new anti-base erosion provisions. Many of these changes were effective immediately upon enactment on December 22, 2017, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation remains unclear in certain respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. In addition, there is still uncertainty about how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.

Our analysis and interpretation of this legislation was completed in the second quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, and based on our determination, the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate did not have a materially adverse impact to our earnings given our U.S. valuation allowance. We determined the one-time transition tax did not have a materially adverse impact given our ability to utilize existing tax attributes. An estimate of the impact was recorded in the second quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, and a final adjustment to the estimate was recorded in the second quarter of fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 as allowed under the relevant accounting guidance issued by the SEC. We believe the limitation on interest deductions, the expanded limitation on executive compensation deductions and the anti-base erosion provisions in the legislation may negatively impact our cash flows going forward.  There may be other material adverse effects resulting from the legislation that we have not yet identified.

Changes in the effective tax rate including from the release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net U.S. deferred tax assets, or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns or change in ownership, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our future effective tax rates may be volatile or adversely affected by changes in our business or U.S. or foreign tax laws, including: the partial or full release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net U.S. deferred tax assets; expiration of or lapses in the research and development tax credit laws; transfer pricing adjustments; tax effects of stock-based compensation; or costs related to restructuring. In addition, we are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. Although we regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, there is no assurance that such determinations by us are in fact adequate. Changes in our effective tax rates or amounts assessed upon examination of our tax returns may have a material, adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our future effective tax rate in particular could be adversely affected by a change in ownership pursuant to Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. If a change in ownership occurs, it may limit our ability to utilize our net operating losses to offset our U.S. taxable income. If U.S. taxable income is greater than the change in ownership limitation, we will pay a higher rate of tax with respect to the amount of taxable income that exceeds the limitation. This could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. On April 26, 2012, we adopted the Restated Rights Plan to help protect our assets. In general, this does not allow a stockholder to acquire more than 4.95% of our outstanding common stock without a waiver from our Board, who must take into account the relevant tax analysis relating to potential limitation of our net operating losses. Our Restated Rights Plan is effective through May 31, 2020.

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 Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law and our adoption of a stockholder rights plan may delay or prevent an acquisition of Extreme, which could decrease the value of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. In addition, our Board has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer. Although we believe these provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law will provide for an opportunity to receive a higher bid by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders.

Our Restated Rights Plan provides that if a single stockholder (or group) acquires more than 4.95% of our outstanding common stock without a waiver from our Board, each holder of one share of our common stock (other than the stockholder or group who acquired in excess of 4.95% of our common stock) may purchase a fractional share of our preferred stock that would result in substantial dilution to the triggering stockholder or group. Accordingly, although this plan is designed to prevent any limitation on the utilization of our net operating losses by avoiding issues raised under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, the Restated Rights Plan could also serve as a deterrent to stockholders wishing to effect a change of control.

Compliance with laws, rules and regulations relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.

Federal securities laws, rules and regulations, as well as NASDAQ rules and regulations, require companies to maintain extensive corporate governance measures, impose comprehensive reporting and disclosure requirements, set strict independence and financial expertise standards for audit and other committee members and impose civil and criminal penalties for companies and their Chief Executive Officers, Chief Financial Officers and directors for securities law violations. These laws, rules and regulations and the interpretation of these requirements are evolving, and we are making investments to evaluate current practices and to continue to achieve compliance, which investments may have a material impact on our financial condition.

We are required to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis and publicly disclose any material weaknesses in our controls.  Any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and significant expense to remediate, and ultimately could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires our management to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and to disclose if such controls were unable to provide assurance that a material error would be prevented or detected in a timely manner. We have an ongoing program to review the design of our internal controls framework in keeping with changes in business needs, implement necessary changes to our controls design and test the system and process controls necessary to comply with these requirements. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company will have been detected.

If we or our independent registered public accounting firm identifies material weaknesses in our internal controls, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, may cause investors to lose confidence in our financial statements and its stock price may decline. Remediation of a material weakness could require us to incur significant expenses and, if we fail to remedy any material weakness, our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis may be adversely affected, our access to the capital markets may be restricted, our stock price may decline, and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or NASDAQ. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods. Execution of restatements create a significant strain on our internal resources and could cause delays in our filing of quarterly or annual financial results, increase our costs and cause management distraction. Restatements may also significantly affect our stock price in an adverse manner.

We rely on the availability of third-party licenses.

Some of our products are designed to include software or other intellectual property, including open source software, licensed from third parties. It may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of these products. There can be no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Moreover, the inclusion in our products of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our products.  Further, the failure to comply with the terms of any license, including free open source software, may result in our inability to continue to use such license. Our inability to maintain or re-license any third-party licenses required in our products or our inability to obtain third-party licenses necessary to develop new products and product enhancements, could require us, if possible, to develop substitute technology or obtain

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substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at a greater cost, any of which could delay or prevent product shipment and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

System security risks, data protection breaches, and cyber-attacks could compromise our proprietary information, disrupt our internal operations and harm public perception of our products, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners on our networks. In addition, we store sensitive or classified information through cloud-based services that may be hosted by third parties and in data center infrastructure maintained by third parties. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Increasingly, companies, including us, are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks on an ongoing basis. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to penetration or attacks by computer programmers and hackers, or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. In addition, as a provider of products and services to the government, our products and services may be the targets of cyber-attacks that attempt to sabotage or otherwise disable them, or our cybersecurity and other products and services ultimately may not be able to effectively detect, prevent, or protect against or otherwise mitigate losses from all cyber-attacks. Any such breach could compromise our networks, creating system disruptions or slowdowns and exploiting security vulnerabilities of our products, and the information stored on our networks could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our customers, suppliers, business partners and others, could require significant management attention and resources, could result in the loss of business, regulatory actions and potential liability, and could cause us reputational and financial harm. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we produce or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including "bugs" and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of our networks. This can be true even for “legacy” products that have been determined to have reached an end of life engineering status but will continue to operate for a limited amount of time.

If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs in our network or in the network of a customer of our networking products, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our products, the market perception of the effectiveness of our products could be harmed. In addition, the economic costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software systems and security vulnerabilities could be significant and may be difficult to anticipate or measure. Because the techniques used by computer programmers and hackers, many of whom are highly sophisticated and well-funded, to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until after they are used, we may be unable to anticipate or immediately detect these techniques. This could impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions, which could adversely affect our business.

Market conditions and changes in the industry could lead to discontinuation of our products or businesses resulting in asset impairments.

In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Any decision to limit investment in or dispose of or otherwise exit businesses may result in the recording of special charges, such as inventory and technology-related write-offs, workforce reduction costs, charges relating to consolidation of excess facilities, or claims from third parties who were resellers or users of discontinued products. Our estimates with respect to the useful life or ultimate recoverability of our carrying basis of assets, including purchased intangible assets, could change as a result of such assessments and decisions. Although in certain instances, our supply agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed, our loss contingencies may include liabilities for contracts that we cannot cancel with contract manufacturers and suppliers. Further, our estimates relating to the liabilities for excess facilities are affected by changes in real estate market conditions. 

If our products do not effectively inter-operate with our customers’ networks and result in cancellations and delays of installations, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

Our products are designed to interface with our customers’ existing networks, each of which have different specifications and utilize multiple protocol standards and products from other vendors. Many of our customers’ networks contain multiple generations of products that have been added over time as these networks have grown and evolved. Our products must inter-operate with many or all of the products within these networks as well as future products in order to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ networks, we may need to modify our software networking solutions to fix or overcome these errors so that our products will inter-operate and scale with the existing software and hardware, which could be costly and could negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if our products do not inter-operate with those of our customers’ networks, demand for our products could be adversely affected or orders for our products could be canceled. This could harm our operating results, financial condition and damage our reputation, and seriously harm our business and prospects.

Our revenues may decline as a result of changes in public funding of educational institutions.

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A portion of our revenues comes from sales to both public and private K-12 educational institutions. Public schools receive funding from local tax revenue, and from state and federal governments through a variety of programs, many of which seek to assist schools located in underprivileged or rural areas. The funding for a portion of our sales to educational institutions comes from a federal funding program known as the E-Rate program. E-Rate is a program of the Federal Communications Commission that subsidizes the purchase of approved telecommunications, Internet access, and internal connection costs for eligible public educational institutions.  The E-Rate program, its eligibility criteria, the timing and specific amount of federal funding actually available and which Wi-Fi infrastructure and product sectors will benefit, are uncertain and subject to final federal program approval and funding appropriation continues to be under review by the Federal Communications Commission, and we cannot assure that this program or its equivalent will continue, and as a result, our business may be harmed. Furthermore, if state or local funding of public education is significantly reduced because of legislative or policy changes or by reductions in tax revenues due to changing economic conditions, our sales to educational institutions may be negatively impacted by these changed conditions.  Any reduction in spending on information technology systems by educational institutions would likely materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.  This is a specific example of the many factors which add additional uncertainty to our future revenue from our end-customers in the education sector.

Our headquarters and some significant supporting businesses are located in Northern California and other areas subject to risks of natural disasters that could disrupt our operations and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Silicon Valley in Northern California. Historically, this region as well as our R&D centers in North Carolina and New Hampshire have been vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, fires, floods and tropical storms, which at times have disrupted the local economy and posed physical risks to our property. We have contract manufacturers located in Taiwan and Mexico where similar natural disasters and other risks may disrupt the local economy and pose physical risks to our property and the property of our contract manufacturer.

In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the economies of the United States and other countries. If such disruptions result in delays or cancellations of customer orders for our products, our business, financial condition and operating results will suffer.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides stock repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts).

	Total				Total Number of Shares		Approximate Dollar Value
	Number of		Average		Purchased as Part of		of Shares
	Shares		Price Paid		Publicly Announced		That May Yet Be Purchased
	Purchased		per Share		Plans or Programs		Under the Plans or Programs
Remaining shares available to repurchase (1)							$	19,821
Increase in authorization (1)								40,000
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020		—	$	—		—		—
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020 (2)		381		12.64		381		4,821
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020		—		—		—		—
Total		381	$	12.64		381	$	55,000

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(1) On November 2, 2018, the Company announced that its had authorized management to repurchase up to $60.0 million of its common stock for two years from the date of authorization. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including accelerated share repurchases. A maximum of $35.0 million of the Company’s common stock may be repurchased in any calendar year. In February 2020 the Board increased the authorization to repurchase by $40.0 million to $100.0 million which expires three years from the authorization on February 5, 2020.

(2) In November 2019, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“the November 2019 ASR”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock.  Pursuant to the November 2019 ASR, the Company paid $30.0 million for an initial delivery of 3,850,000 shares valued at $25.2 million. The remaining balance of $4.8 million was recorded in additional paid-in-capital as a forward contract in the Company’s common stock. The forward contract was settled on January 24, 2020 and the Company received an additional 381,505 shares of its common stock. Total shares repurchased under the November 2019 ASR were 4,231,505 shares at an average cash purchase price of $7.09.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities - Not Applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures - Not Applicable

Item 5. Other Information

The information set forth below is included herein for the purpose of providing disclosure required under “Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws” of Form 8-K.

Effective May 8, 2020, the Board approved and adopted amendments to the existing bylaws of the Company (as so amended, the “Bylaws”).

The amendments revise the deadline in the Bylaws for advance notice of nominations for an annual meeting of stockholders to generally not earlier than the close of business 120 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting and not later than the close of business 90 days prior to such one-year anniversary; provided, however, that the amendments do not apply to the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders.  In addition, the amendments revise the deadline in the Bylaws for advance notice of director nominations for a special meeting of stockholders where directors will be elected to generally not earlier than the close of business 120 days prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business 90 days prior to such special meeting, or, if later, the tenth day following public disclosure of the special meeting.

The amendments also revise the advance notice disclosure requirements contained in the Bylaws requiring the stockholder proposing business or nominating directors or to provide additional information about the stockholder’s ownership of securities in the Company (including ownership of derivative securities) and material litigation, relationships and interests in material agreements with or involving the Company.  The Bylaws also require the stockholder to provide information regarding the proposed business and any related agreements between the stockholder and any other beneficial holder of the Company’s stock.  Further, the Bylaws require the stockholder to provide additional information regarding any candidate the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, including all information with respect to such nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice if such nominee was a stockholder delivering such notice and a description of any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among the nominating stockholder and each nominee or his or her respective associates.  Additionally, the Bylaws require any candidate for the Board, whether nominated by a stockholder or the Board, to provide certain background information and representations regarding disclosure of voting or compensation arrangements, compliance with the Company’s policies and guidelines and intent to serve the entire term as a director.  

The amendments also add forum selection provisions, which provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of another forum, (a) the Delaware Court of Chancery will be the sole and exclusive forum for the following actions: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Company; (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee or stockholder of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Company’s certificate of incorporation or the Bylaws; and (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine and (b) the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  Additionally, the amendments include language pursuant to which stockholders are deemed to have consented to personal jurisdiction in the Delaware Court of Chancery or the federal district courts of the United States, as applicable, and to service of process on their counsel in any action initiated in violation of the forum selection provisions.  

The amendments also revise the number of directors required to call a special meeting of the Board to a majority of the authorized directors, allow the Board to set separate record dates for shareholders receiving notice of a shareholder meeting and

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shareholders entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting and include certain other technical, conforming, modernizing and clarifying changes to the Bylaws.  

The foregoing description of the amendments is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Bylaws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.4 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibits:

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Document	Form	Filing Date	Number	Filed Herewith
3.4	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Extreme Networks, Inc. (as Amended and Restated Effective May 8, 2020)				X
10.49	Executive Vice President Severance Policy.	10-Q	1/30/2020	10.49
10.50	Separation Agreement with Robert Gault.	10-Q	1/30/2020	10.50
10.51	First Amendment and Limited Waiver dated as of April 8, 2020, by and among Extreme Networks, Inc., the Lenders party thereto, and the Bank of Montreal, as administrative and collateral agent for the Lenders.				X
10.52	Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 8, 2020, by and among Extreme Networks, Inc., the Lenders party thereto, and the Bank of Montreal, as administrative and collateral agent for the Lenders.				X
31.1	Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.				X
31.2	Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.				X
32.1*	Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.				X
32.2*	Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.				X
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.				X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				X
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document				X
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document				X
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document				X
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document				X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Furnished herewith. Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

(Registrant)

/ S /    REMI THOMAS

Remi Thomas

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

May 11, 2020

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