Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk — The Company's financial statements do not reflect various commitments and contingent liabilities that arise in the normal course of the Bank's business and involve elements of credit, liquidity, and interest rate risk.

The following table presents a summary of the Bank's commitments and contingent liabilities:



(in thousands)	As of March 31, 2019
Commitments to extend credit	$	5,445,264
Forward sales commitments	$	440,814
Commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	252,182
Standby letters of credit	$	65,710

The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet credit risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. Those instruments involve elements of credit and interest-rate risk similar to the risk involved in on-balance sheet items. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the Bank's involvement in particular classes of financial instruments.

The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees written, is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

There were no financial guarantees in connection with standby letters of credit that the Bank was required to perform on during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, approximately $53.0 million of standby letters of credit expire within one year, and $12.7 million expire thereafter.

Residential mortgage loans sold into the secondary market are sold with limited recourse against the Company, meaning that the Company may be obligated to repurchase or otherwise reimburse the investor for incurred losses on any loans that suffer an early payment default, are not underwritten in accordance with investor guidelines or are determined to have pre-closing borrower misrepresentations. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had a residential mortgage loan repurchase reserve liability of $1.7 million. For loans sold to GNMA, the Bank has a unilateral right, but not the obligation, to repurchase loans that are past due 90 days or more. As of March 31, 2019, the Bank has recorded a liability for the loans subject to this repurchase right of $158,000, and has recorded these loans as part of the loan portfolio as if we had repurchased these loans.

Legal Proceedings—Umpqua is involved in legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel and available insurance coverage, we believe that the eventual outcome of actions against the Company or its subsidiaries will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of a matter, if unfavorable, may be material to our results of operations for any particular period.

Contingencies—In late 2017, the Company launched "Umpqua Next Gen," an initiative designed to modernize and evolve the Bank focusing on operational excellence, balanced growth and human-digital programs. As part of this initiative, the Company evaluated every part of our operations and how we could evolve to deliver a highly differentiated and compelling banking experience. In 2018, Umpqua consolidated 31 stores. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Umpqua consolidated 11 stores and sold 4 stores. Umpqua will consolidate an additional 4 stores in the second quarter of 2019. The Next Gen strategy involves evaluation of possible future consolidations.

Concentrations of Credit Risk— The Bank grants real estate mortgage, real estate construction, commercial, agricultural and installment loans and leases to customers throughout Oregon, Washington, California, Idaho, and Nevada. In management's judgment, a concentration exists in real estate-related loans, which represented approximately 75% of the Bank's loan and lease portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Commercial real estate concentrations are managed to assure wide geographic and business diversity. Although management believes such concentrations have no more than the normal risk of collectability, a substantial decline in the economy in general, material increases in interest rates, changes in tax policies, tightening credit or refinancing markets, or a decline in real estate values in the Bank's primary market areas in particular, could have an adverse impact on the repayment of these loans. Personal and business incomes, proceeds from the sale of real property, or proceeds from refinancing, represent the primary sources of repayment for a majority of these loans.

The Bank recognizes the credit risks inherent in dealing with other depository institutions. Accordingly, to prevent excessive exposure to any single correspondent, the Bank has established general standards for selecting correspondent banks as well as internal limits for allowable exposure to any single correspondent. In addition, the Bank has an investment policy that sets forth limitations that apply to all investments with respect to credit rating and concentrations with an issuer.