UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34657

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	75-2679109
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2000 McKinney Avenue
Suite 700
	Dallas	TX	USA	75201
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

214/932-6600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	TCBI	Nasdaq Stock Market
5.75% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock Series B, par value $0.01 per share	TCBIO	Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ☒        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒        ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer	x	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes  ☐        No ý

On July 17, 2024, the number of shares set forth below was outstanding with respect to each of the issuer’s classes of common stock:

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share 46,196,722

Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended June 30, 2024

Index

Part I.—Financial Information
	Item 1.	Financial Statements - Unaudited	3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income	4
		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	5
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
Part II.—Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
	Item 6.	Exhibits	38
Signatures			39

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - UNAUDITED

(in thousands except share data)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	221,727	$	200,493
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	2,691,352		3,042,357
Available-for-sale debt securities	3,483,231		3,225,892
Held-to-maturity debt securities	831,513		865,477
Equity securities	74,232		51,825
Investment securities	4,388,976		4,143,194
Loans held for sale	36,785		44,105
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance	5,078,161		3,978,328
Loans held for investment	16,700,569		16,362,230
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	267,297		249,973
Loans held for investment, net	21,511,433		20,090,585
Premises and equipment, net	69,464		32,366
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	933,761		801,670
Goodwill and intangibles, net	1,496		1,496
Total assets	$	29,854,994	$	28,356,266
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	7,987,715	$	7,328,276
Interest bearing deposits	15,830,612		15,043,563
Total deposits	23,818,327		22,371,839
Accrued interest payable	23,841		33,234
Other liabilities	502,228		392,904
Short-term borrowings	1,675,000		1,500,000
Long-term debt	659,997		859,147
Total liabilities	26,679,393		25,157,124
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, $1,000 liquidation value:
Authorized shares - 10,000,000
Issued shares - 300,000 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	300,000		300,000
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
Authorized shares - 100,000,000
Issued shares - 51,474,581 and 51,142,979 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	515		511
Additional paid-in capital	1,050,114		1,045,576
Retained earnings	2,494,572		2,435,393
Treasury stock - 5,286,503 and 3,905,067 shares at cost at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	(301,868)		(220,334)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(367,732)		(362,004)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,175,601		3,199,142
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,854,994	$	28,356,266

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND OTHER

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - UNAUDITED

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands except per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	345,251	$	332,867	$	676,130	$	630,305
Investment securities	33,584		27,478		65,728		52,770
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	43,233		41,571		97,588		104,007
Total interest income	422,068		401,916		839,446		787,082
Interest expense
Deposits	181,280		137,391		356,880		257,485
Short-term borrowings	12,749		18,253		25,532		32,997
Long-term debt	11,457		14,282		25,443		29,265
Total interest expense	205,486		169,926		407,855		319,747
Net interest income	216,582		231,990		431,591		467,335
Provision for credit losses	20,000		7,000		39,000		35,000
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	196,582		224,990		392,591		432,335
Non-interest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	5,911		5,158		12,250		10,180
Wealth management and trust fee income	3,699		3,715		7,266		7,144
Brokered loan fees	2,131		2,415		4,042		4,310
Investment banking and advisory fees	25,048		19,101		43,472		33,665
Trading income	5,650		8,397		10,362		12,601
Other	7,985		7,225		14,351		15,514
Total non-interest income	50,424		46,011		91,743		83,414
Non-interest expense
Salaries and benefits	118,840		113,050		247,567		241,720
Occupancy expense	10,666		9,482		20,403		19,101
Marketing	5,996		6,367		12,032		15,411
Legal and professional	11,273		15,669		27,468		30,183
Communications and technology	22,013		20,525		43,127		38,048
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance assessment	5,570		3,693		13,991		5,863
Other	14,051		12,858		26,214		25,345
Total non-interest expense	188,409		181,644		390,802		375,671
Income before income taxes	58,597		89,357		93,532		140,078
Income tax expense	16,935		20,706		25,728		32,766
Net income	41,662		68,651		67,804		107,312
Preferred stock dividends	4,312		4,312		8,625		8,625
Net income available to common stockholders	$	37,350	$	64,339	$	59,179	$	98,687
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	$	(13,939)	$	(99,731)	$	(56,282)	$	(56,778)
Amounts reclassified into net income	19,825		16,762		39,533		29,735
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	5,886		(82,969)		(16,749)		(27,043)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(6,268)		(17,423)		(11,021)		(5,678)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	12,154		(65,546)		(5,728)		(21,365)
Comprehensive income	$	53,816	$	3,105	$	62,076	$	85,947
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.80	$	1.34	$	1.26	$	2.05
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.80	$	1.33	$	1.25	$	2.02

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - UNAUDITED

	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other
							Paid-in		Retained					Comprehensive
(in thousands except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Income/(Loss)		Total
Balance at March 31, 2023	300,000	$	300,000	50,947,306	$	509	$	1,031,905	$	2,297,850	(3,095,444)	$	(175,528)	$	(374,762)	$	3,079,974
Comprehensive income/(loss):
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		68,651		—	—		—		68,651
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(65,546)		(65,546)
Total comprehensive income																3,105
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		5,069		—		—	—		—		5,069
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(4,312)		—	—		—		(4,312)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		140,659	2		(1,911)		—		—	—		—		(1,909)
Balance at June 30, 2023	300,000	$	300,000	51,087,965	$	511	$	1,035,063	$	2,362,189	(3,095,444)	$	(175,528)	$	(440,308)	$	3,081,927
Balance at March 31, 2024	300,000	$	300,000	51,420,680	$	514	$	1,044,669	$	2,457,222	(4,434,405)	$	(251,857)	$	(379,886)	$	3,170,662
Comprehensive income/(loss):
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		41,662		—	—		—		41,662
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		12,154		12,154
Total comprehensive income																53,816
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		5,246		—		—	—		—		5,246
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(4,312)		—	—		—		(4,312)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		53,901	1		199		—		—	—		—		200
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(852,098)	(50,011)		—		(50,011)
Balance at June 30, 2024	300,000	$	300,000	51,474,581	$	515	$	1,050,114	$	2,494,572	(5,286,503)	$	(301,868)	$	(367,732)	$	3,175,601

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - UNAUDITED

	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other
							Paid-in		Retained					Comprehensive
(in thousands except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Income/(Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 (audited)	300,000	$	300,000	50,867,298	$	509	$	1,025,593	$	2,263,502	(2,083,535)	$	(115,310)	$	(418,943)	$	3,055,351
Comprehensive income/(loss):
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		107,312		—	—		—		107,312
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(21,365)		(21,365)
Total comprehensive income																85,947
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		13,507		—		—	—		—		13,507
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(8,625)		—	—		—		(8,625)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		220,667	2		(4,037)		—		—	—		—		(4,035)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,011,909)	(60,218)		—		(60,218)
Balance at June 30, 2023	300,000	$	300,000	51,087,965	$	511	$	1,035,063	$	2,362,189	(3,095,444)	$	(175,528)	$	(440,308)	$	3,081,927
Balance at December 31, 2023 (audited)	300,000	$	300,000	51,142,979	$	511	$	1,045,576	$	2,435,393	(3,905,067)	$	(220,334)	$	(362,004)	$	3,199,142
Comprehensive income/(loss):
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		67,804		—	—		—		67,804
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(5,728)		(5,728)
Total comprehensive income																62,076
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		13,272		—		—	—		—		13,272
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(8,625)		—	—		—		(8,625)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		331,602	4		(8,734)		—		—	—		—		(8,730)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,381,436)	(81,534)		—		(81,534)
Balance at June 30, 2024	300,000	$	300,000	51,474,581	$	515	$	1,050,114	$	2,494,572	(5,286,503)	$	(301,868)	$	(367,732)	$	3,175,601

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating activities
Net income	$	67,804	$	107,312
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	39,000		35,000
Depreciation and amortization	24,835		19,717
Net gain recognized on investment securities	(3,604)		(2,685)
Stock-based compensation expense	14,755		13,507
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held for sale	25,731		7,260
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	(24,042)		(42,383)
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	(15,017)		(47,067)
Net cash provided by operating activities	129,462		90,661
Investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities	(693,894)		(849,391)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities	—		56,923
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions and pay-downs of available-for-sale debt securities	416,701		106,988
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions and pay-downs of held-to-maturity debt securities	35,712		37,075
Sales/(purchases) of equity securities, net	(18,803)		2,292
Originations of loans held for investment, mortgage finance	(37,081,520)		(35,597,043)
Proceeds from pay-offs of loans held for investment, mortgage finance	35,981,687		34,588,264
Net increase in loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance loans	(379,469)		(1,058,046)
Purchase of premises and equipment, net	(42,246)		(4,878)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,781,832)		(2,717,816)
Financing activities
Net increase/(decrease) in deposits	1,446,488		461,360
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	(8,730)		(4,035)
Preferred dividends paid	(8,625)		(8,625)
Repurchase of common stock	(81,534)		(60,218)
Net increase/(decrease) in short-term borrowings	175,000		148,858
Redemption of long-term debt	(200,000)		(75,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,322,599		462,340
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(329,771)		(2,164,815)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	3,242,850		5,012,260
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,913,079	$	2,847,445
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	464,930	$	314,089
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	47,988		43,286
Transfers of loans from held for investment to held for sale	18,411		—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

(1) Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Nature of Business

Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc. (“TCBI” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in 1996 and commenced banking operations in 1998. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TCBI and its wholly owned subsidiary, Texas Capital Bank (the “Bank”). TCBI is a full-service financial services firm that delivers customized solutions to businesses, entrepreneurs and individual customers. The Company is headquartered in Dallas, with primary banking offices in Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and San Antonio, and has built a network of clients across the country.

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and to generally accepted practices within the banking industry. Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The consolidated interim financial statements are unaudited, and certain information and disclosures in the notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements that are presented in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments and the disclosures made present a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the financial statements and the notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements do not include all of the information and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses, the fair value of financial instruments and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to significant change.

(2) Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net income	$	41,662	$	68,651	$	67,804	$	107,312
Preferred stock dividends	4,312		4,312		8,625		8,625
Net income available to common stockholders	$	37,350	$	64,339	$	59,179	$	98,687
Denominator:
Basic earnings per common share—weighted average common shares	46,546,243		47,906,624		46,925,761		48,166,977
Effect of dilutive outstanding stock-settled awards	326,255		514,652		371,569		569,405
Dilutive earnings per common share—weighted average diluted common shares	46,872,498		48,421,276		47,297,330		48,736,382
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.80	$	1.34	$	1.26	$	2.05
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.80	$	1.33	$	1.25	$	2.02
Anti-dilutive outstanding stock-settled awards	38,461		533,363		105,680		341,728

8

(3) Investment Securities

The following is a summary of the Company’s investment securities: 

(in thousands)	Amortized Cost(1)		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	403,641	$	—	$	(15,483)	$	388,158
U.S. government agency securities	125,000		—		(18,791)		106,209
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,307,715		6,277		(337,456)		2,976,536
CRT securities	13,136		—		(808)		12,328
Total available-for-sale debt securities	3,849,492		6,277		(372,538)		3,483,231
Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	831,513		—		(112,603)		718,910
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	831,513		—		(112,603)		718,910
Equity securities							74,232
Total investment securities(2)							$	4,388,976
December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	651,112	$	—	$	(14,639)	$	636,473
U.S. government agency securities	125,000		—		(18,408)		106,592
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,782,734		540		(312,442)		2,470,832
CRT securities	13,636		—		(1,641)		11,995
Total available-for-sale debt securities	3,572,482		540		(347,130)		3,225,892
Held-to-maturity securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	865,477		—		(101,633)		763,844
Total held-to-maturity securities	865,477		—		(101,633)		763,844
Equity securities							51,825
Total investment securities(2)							$	4,143,194

(1)    Excludes accrued interest receivable of $12.0 million and $9.5 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to available-for-sale debt securities and $1.3 million and $1.4 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to held-to-maturity debt securities that is recorded in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)    Includes available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities at estimated fair value and held-to-maturity debt securities at amortized cost.

Debt Securities

The Company did not sell any available-for-sale debt securities during the first six months of 2024. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company sold U.S. Treasury securities with an amortized cost of $56.4 million and realized a gain of $489,000.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value as of June 30, 2024, excluding accrued interest receivable, of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities are presented below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities of mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	453,642		432,220		—		—
Due after five years through ten years	105,433		89,394		—		—
Due after ten years	3,290,417		2,961,617		831,513		718,910
Total	$	3,849,492	$	3,483,231	$	831,513	$	718,910

9

The table below presents the weighted average yields for the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Weighted average yields are calculated based on amortized cost on a tax-exempt basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate, where applicable.

	U.S. Treasury securities		U.S. government agency securities		Residential mortgage-backed securities		CRT securities
Due within one year	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Due after one year through five years	2.71		1.00		—		—
Due after five years through ten years	—		1.21		1.25		5.46
Due after ten years	—		—		3.36		—
Total	2.71	%	1.13	%	3.35	%	5.46	%

The following table discloses the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 or more months:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
June 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	388,158	$	(15,483)	$	388,158	$	(15,483)
U.S. government agency securities	—		—		106,209		(18,791)		106,209		(18,791)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	335,741		(4,305)		2,272,460		(333,151)		2,608,201		(337,456)
CRT securities	—		—		12,328		(808)		12,328		(808)
Total	$	335,741	$	(4,305)	$	2,779,155	$	(368,233)	$	3,114,896	$	(372,538)
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	636,473	$	(14,639)	$	636,473	$	(14,639)
U.S. government agency securities	—		—		106,592		(18,408)		106,592		(18,408)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	910,999		(19,751)		1,501,340		(292,691)		2,412,339		(312,442)
CRT securities	—		—		11,995		(1,641)		11,995		(1,641)
Total	$	910,999	$	(19,751)	$	2,256,400	$	(327,379)	$	3,167,399	$	(347,130)

At June 30, 2024, the Company had 108 available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, comprised of 10 U.S. Treasury securities, five U.S. government agency securities, 91 residential mortgage-backed securities and two CRT securities. The unrealized losses on the available-for-sale debt securities were the result of changes in market interest rates compared to the date the securities were acquired rather than the credit quality of the issuers or underlying loans. The Company does not currently intend to sell and based on current conditions it does not believe it is likely that the Company will be required to sell these available-for-sale debt securities before recovery of the amortized cost of such securities in an unrealized loss position and has therefore recorded the unrealized losses related to this portfolio in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net (“AOCI”). Held-to-maturity securities consist of government guaranteed securities for which no loss is expected. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no allowance for credit losses was established for available-for-sale or held-to-maturity debt securities.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, debt securities with carrying values of approximately $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, were pledged to secure certain customer deposits.

Equity Securities

Equity securities consist of investments that qualify for consideration under the regulations implementing the Community Reinvestment Act and investments in exchange traded funds. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains/(losses) recognized on equity securities included in other non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net gains/(losses) recognized during the period	$	(59)	$	951	$	3,975	$	2,196
Less: Realized net gains/(losses) recognized on securities sold	59		(10)		371		(606)
Unrealized net gains/(losses) recognized on securities still held	$	(118)	$	961	$	3,604	$	2,802

10

(4) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Loans are summarized by portfolio segment as follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Loans held for investment(1):
Commercial	$	10,533,930	$	10,410,766
Mortgage finance	5,078,161		3,978,328
Commercial real estate	5,689,094		5,500,774
Consumer	557,951		530,948
Gross loans held for investment	21,859,136		20,420,816
Unearned income (net of direct origination costs)	(80,406)		(80,258)
Total loans held for investment	21,778,730		20,340,558
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(267,297)		(249,973)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	21,511,433	$	20,090,585
Loans held for sale:
Mortgage loans, at fair value	$	424	$	706
Non-mortgage loans, at lower of cost or fair value	36,361		43,399
Total loans held for sale	$	36,785	$	44,105

(1)    Excludes accrued interest receivable of $121.9 million and $118.1 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, that is recorded in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

11

The following tables summarize gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades:

(in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans		Total
June 30, 2024
Commercial
(1-7) Pass	$	517,216	$	1,357,069	$	1,369,181	$	338,328	$	100,090	$	211,499	$	6,149,823	$	14,768	$	10,057,974
(8) Special mention	—		66,078		111,902		22,457		3,872		8,374		50,228		250		263,161
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		23,648		29,184		8,404		124		27,386		40,277		—		129,023
(9+) Non-accrual	—		6,460		2,957		153		2,039		25,449		43,970		2,744		83,772
Total commercial	$	517,216	$	1,453,255	$	1,513,224	$	369,342	$	106,125	$	272,708	$	6,284,298	$	17,762	$	10,533,930
Mortgage finance
(1-7) Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,078,161	$	—	$	5,078,161
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage finance	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,078,161	$	—	$	5,078,161
Commercial real estate
(1-7) Pass	$	113,652	$	876,609	$	1,734,435	$	1,009,872	$	408,437	$	858,189	$	280,761	$	25,408	$	5,307,363
(8) Special mention	174		1,019		205,632		17,442		24,393		81,484		—		—		330,144
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		13,491		15,831		—		22,000		—		—		51,322
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		265		—		—		—		—		265
Total commercial real estate	$	113,826	$	877,628	$	1,953,558	$	1,043,410	$	432,830	$	961,673	$	280,761	$	25,408	$	5,689,094
Consumer
(1-7) Pass	$	31,244	$	27,983	$	53,661	$	77,266	$	46,291	$	111,547	$	207,975	$	—	$	555,967
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,000		—		1,000
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		984		—		—		984
Total consumer	$	31,244	$	27,983	$	53,661	$	77,266	$	46,291	$	112,531	$	208,975	$	—	$	557,951
Total	$	662,286	$	2,358,866	$	3,520,443	$	1,490,018	$	585,246	$	1,346,912	$	11,852,195	$	43,170	$	21,859,136
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	7,543	$	311	$	3,512	$	—	$	7,173	$	4,438	$	—	$	22,977

(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans		Total
December 31, 2023
Commercial
(1-7) Pass	$	1,546,257	$	1,408,672	$	279,266	$	144,699	$	142,301	$	157,808	$	6,284,464	$	16,580	$	9,980,047
(8) Special mention	22,148		118,991		35,619		285		823		13,385		40,647		89		231,987
(9) Substandard - accruing	12,477		50,876		9,334		18,547		—		78		38,372		—		129,684
(9+) Non-accrual	9,395		34,229		340		2,085		15,080		7,840		79		—		69,048
Total commercial	$	1,590,277	$	1,612,768	$	324,559	$	165,616	$	158,204	$	179,111	$	6,363,562	$	16,669	$	10,410,766
Mortgage finance
(1-7) Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,978,328	$	—	$	3,978,328
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage finance	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,978,328	$	—	$	3,978,328
Commercial real estate
(1-7) Pass	$	561,801	$	1,689,325	$	1,042,953	$	419,703	$	317,480	$	559,026	$	575,928	$	28,175	$	5,194,391
(8) Special mention	—		136,801		32,937		24,440		34,181		22,833		7,895		—		259,087
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		2,232		—		—		—		28,573		4,141		—		34,946
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		12,350		—		—		—		—		—		12,350
Total commercial real estate	$	561,801	$	1,828,358	$	1,088,240	$	444,143	$	351,661	$	610,432	$	587,964	$	28,175	$	5,500,774
Consumer
(1-7) Pass	$	31,876	$	56,425	$	78,096	$	47,423	$	14,141	$	102,691	$	199,171	$	—	$	529,823
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		100		41		141
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		984		—		—		984
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer	$	31,876	$	56,425	$	78,096	$	47,423	$	14,141	$	103,675	$	199,271	$	41	$	530,948
Total	$	2,183,954	$	3,497,551	$	1,490,895	$	657,182	$	524,006	$	893,218	$	11,129,125	$	44,885	$	20,420,816
Gross charge-offs	$	8,364	$	5,090	$	25,578	$	—	$	15,243	$	883	$	698	$	871	$	56,727

12

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

(in thousands)	Commercial		Mortgage Finance		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	171,437	$	4,173	$	71,829	$	2,534	$	249,973
Provision for credit losses on loans	26,200		1,445		12,245		153		40,043
Charge-offs	17,541		—		5,436		—		22,977
Recoveries	258		—		—		—		258
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	17,283		—		5,436		—		22,719
Ending balance	$	180,354	$	5,618	$	78,638	$	2,687	$	267,297
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	185,303	$	10,745	$	54,268	$	3,153	$	253,469
Provision for credit losses on loans	18,198		(3,660)		(1,730)		(785)		12,023
Charge-offs	29,584		—		—		—		29,584
Recoveries	1,430		—		—		5		1,435
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	28,154		—		—		(5)		28,149
Ending balance	$	175,347	$	7,085	$	52,538	$	2,373	$	237,343

The Company recorded a $40.0 million provision for credit losses on loans for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $12.0 million for the same period of 2023. The $40.0 million provision for credit losses on loans resulted primarily from growth in loans held for investment and $22.7 million in net charge-offs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net charge-offs of $22.7 million were recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net charge-offs of $28.1 million during the same period of 2023. Criticized loans totaled $859.7 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $738.2 million at December 31, 2023.

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. At June 30, 2024, the Company had $41.9 million in collateral-dependent commercial loans, collateralized by business assets, and $1.0 million in collateral-dependent consumer loans, collateralized by real estate.

The table below provides an age analysis of gross loans held for investment:

(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Non-accrual(1)		Current		Total		Non-accrual With No Allowance
June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	12,050	$	6,092	$	286	$	18,428	$	83,772	$	10,431,730	$	10,533,930	$	13,035
Mortgage finance	—		—		—		—		—		5,078,161		5,078,161		—
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		265		5,688,829		5,689,094		—
Consumer	1,975		—		—		1,975		984		554,992		557,951		984
Total	$	14,025	$	6,092	$	286	$	20,403	$	85,021	$	21,753,712	$	21,859,136	$	14,019

(1)As of June 30, 2024, $1.2 million of non-accrual loans were earning interest income on a cash basis compared to $358,000 as of December 31, 2023. Additionally, $161,000 of interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $37,000 for the same period in 2023. Accrued interest of $668,000 and $1.6 million was reversed during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

13

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The table below details gross loans held for investment as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, by type of modification granted and the financial effect of those modifications:

													Financial Statement Impact
($ in thousands)	Payment Deferral		Term Extension		Payment Deferral and Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Total		Percentage of Loans Held for Investment		Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension (in months)	Payment Deferrals
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	16,147	$	253	$	7,439	$	—	$	23,839	0.11	%	—%	3 to 13	$	1,176
Commercial real estate	—		15,831		—		—		15,831		0.07	%	—%	3	—
Total	$	16,147	$	16,084	$	7,439	$	—	$	39,670	0.18	%
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial	$	—	$	261	$	3,378	$	—	$	3,639	0.02	%	—%	4 to 12	$	358
Total	$	—	$	261	$	3,378	$	—	$	3,639	0.02	%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	24,207	$	703	$	7,439	$	—	$	32,349	0.15	%	—%	3 to 13	$	1,853
Commercial real estate	—		15,831		—		—		15,831		0.07	%	—%	3	—
Total	$	24,207	$	16,534	$	7,439	$	—	$	48,180	0.22	%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial	$	31,356	$	1,144	$	6,562	$	14,532	$	53,594	0.25	%	0.70%	4 to 36	$	5,080
Total	$	31,356	$	1,144	$	6,562	$	14,532	$	53,594	0.25	%

The table below details gross loans held for investment as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 that experienced a default during the periods presented subsequent to being granted a modification in the prior twelve months. Default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first.

(in thousands)	Payment Deferral		Term Extension		Payment Deferral and Term Extension		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial	$	—	$	161	$	—	$	161
Commercial	$	—	$	161	$	—	$	161
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	1,570	$	1,570
Total	$	—	$	—	$	1,570	$	1,570
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial	$	—	$	161	$	—	$	161
Commercial	$	—	$	161	$	—	$	161

14

The table below provides an age analysis of gross loans held for investment as of June 30, 2024 made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the prior twelve months, and as of June 30, 2023 for loans that were modified since January 1, 2023, the date of adoptions of Accounting Standards Update 2022-02:

(in thousands)	30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Non-Accrual		Current		Total
June 30, 2024
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	11,297	$	30,757	$	42,054
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		15,831		15,831
Total	$	—	$	—	$	11,297	$	46,588	$	57,885
June 30, 2023
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	6,723	$	46,871	$	53,594
Total	$	—	$	—	$	6,723	$	46,871	$	53,594

(5) Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The table below presents a summary of short-term borrowings:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	$	1,675,000	$	1,500,000
Total short-term borrowings	$	1,675,000	$	1,500,000

The table below presents a summary of long-term debt:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Bank-issued floating rate senior unsecured credit-linked notes due 2024	$	—	$	199,499
Bank-issued 5.25% fixed rate subordinated notes due 2026	174,587		174,457
Company-issued 4.00% fixed rate subordinated notes due 2031	372,004		371,785
Trust preferred floating rate subordinated debentures due 2032 to 2036	113,406		113,406
Total long-term debt	$	659,997	$	859,147

During the second quarter of 2024, the bank-issued senior unsecured credit-linked notes were redeemed in full.

(6) Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

The table below presents the Company’s financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, as well as the activity in the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to those financial instruments.

(in thousands)	Commercial		Mortgage Finance		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	36,040	$	6	$	10,147	$	169	$	46,362
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses	1,222		23		(2,363)		75		(1,043)
Ending balance	$	37,262	$	29	$	7,784	$	244	$	45,319
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	16,550	$	—	$	5,222	$	21	$	21,793
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses	17,187		—		5,693		97		22,977
Ending balance	$	33,737	$	—	$	10,915	$	118	$	44,770
(in thousands)							June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commitments to extend credit - period end balance							$	8,934,459	$	9,749,085
Standby letters of credit - period end balance							518,824		595,079

15

(7) Regulatory Ratios and Capital

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory (and possibly additional discretionary) actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

The Basel III Capital Rules adopted by U.S. federal banking agencies, among other things, (i) establish the capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”), (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 Capital” instruments meeting stated requirements, (iii) require that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to other components of capital and (iv) define the scope of the deductions/adjustments to the capital measures.

Additionally, the Basel III Capital Rules require that the Company maintain a 2.5% capital conservation buffer comprised of CET1, with respect to each of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted asset ratios. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. No dividends were declared or paid on the Company’s common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024 or during 2023. On January 17, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program under which the Company could repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of its outstanding common stock, which is set to expire on January 31, 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,381,436 shares of its common stock for an aggregate price, including excise tax expense, of $81.5 million, at a weighted average price of $58.57 per share.

In February 2019, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule (the “2019 CECL Rule”) that revised certain capital regulations to account for changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP. The 2019 CECL Rule included a transition option that allows banking organizations to phase in, over a three-year period, the day-one adverse effects of adopting the new accounting standard related to the measurement of current expected credit losses on their regulatory capital ratios (three-year transition option). In March 2020, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that maintains the three-year transition option of the 2019 CECL Rule and also provides banking organizations that were required under GAAP to implement CECL before the end of 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of the effect of CECL on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology's effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2020 and has elected to utilize the five-year transition option. The ratios presented below include the effects of the election to utilize the five-year CECL transition described above.

Because the Bank had less than $15.0 billion in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009, it is allowed to continue to classify the trust preferred securities, all of which were issued prior to May 19, 2010, as Tier 1 capital.

At the beginning of each of the last five years of the life of the Bank-issued fixed rate subordinated notes due 2026, the amount that is eligible to be included in Tier 2 capital is reduced by 20% of the original amount of the notes (net of redemptions). In 2024, the amount of the notes that qualify as Tier 2 capital has been reduced by 80%.

16

The table below summarizes the Company’s and the Bank’s actual and required capital ratios under the Basel III Capital Rules and other standards. As shown in the table below, the Company’s and Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the regulatory definition of well capitalized as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

					June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Minimum Capital Required(2)		Capital Required to be Well Capitalized		Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio
The Company
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	7.00	%	N/A		$	3,244,124	11.62	%	$	3,264,609	12.65	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	8.50	%	6.00	%	3,654,124		13.09	%	3,674,609		14.24	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	10.50	%	10.00	%	4,370,026		15.65	%	4,405,575		17.07	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)	4.00	%	N/A		3,654,124		12.15	%	3,674,609		12.21	%
The Bank
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	7.00	%	6.50	%	$	3,646,438	13.16	%	$	3,599,919	14.01	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	8.50	%	8.00	%	3,646,438		13.16	%	3,599,919		14.01	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	10.50	%	10.00	%	3,990,336		14.40	%	3,959,100		15.41	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)	4.00	%	5.00	%	3,646,438		12.21	%	3,599,919		12.00	%

(1)    The Tier 1 capital ratio (to average assets) is not impacted by the Basel III Capital Rules; however, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC may require the Company and the Bank, respectively, to maintain a Tier 1 capital ratio (to average assets) above the required minimum.

(2)    Percentages represent the minimum capital ratios plus, as applicable, the fully phased-in 2.5% CET1 capital buffer under the Basel III Capital Rules.

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has long-term incentive plans under which stock-based compensation awards are granted to employees and directors by the Company’s board of directors or its designated committee. Grants are subject to vesting requirements and may include, among other things, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock and performance units, or any combination thereof.

The table below summarizes the Company’s stock-based compensation expense:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock-settled awards:
RSUs	$	5,246	$	5,069	$	13,272	$	13,507
Cash-settled units	975		—		1,483		—
Total	$	6,221	$	5,069	$	14,755	$	13,507

(in thousands except period data)	June 30, 2024
Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-settled awards	$	25,772
Weighted average period over which stock-settled awards expense is expected to be recognized, in years	1.8
Unrecognized compensation expense related to cash-settled units	$	10,685
Weighted average period over which cash-settled units expense is expected to be recognized, in years	2.7

(9) Fair Value Disclosures

The Company determines the fair market values of its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis using the fair value hierarchy as prescribed in Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. See Note 1 - Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding the fair value hierarchy and a description of the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial statements.

17

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	388,158	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	—		106,209		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		2,976,536		—
CRT securities	—		—		12,328
Equity securities(1)(2)	58,197		16,035		—
Mortgage loans held for sale(3)	—		424		—
Loans held for investment(4)	—		—		18,007
Derivative assets(5)	—		11,292		—
Securities sold not yet purchased(6)	33,359		—		—
Derivative liabilities(5)	—		72,160		—
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities(7)	20,602		—		—
December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	636,473	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	—		106,592		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		2,470,832		—
CRT securities	—		—		11,995
Equity securities(1)(2)	40,661		11,164		—
Mortgage loans held for sale(3)	—		706		—
Loans held for investment(4)	—		—		38,341
Derivative assets(5)	—		32,944		—
Securities sold not yet purchased(6)	10,602		—		—
Derivative liabilities(5)	—		70,917		—
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities(7)	20,387		—		—

(1)Available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

(2)Equity securities consist of investments that qualify for consideration under the regulations implementing the Community Reinvestment Act and investments in exchange traded funds.

(3)Loans held for sale are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

(4)Includes certain collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses is based upon the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral. These loans held for investment are measured on a nonrecurring basis, generally annually or more often as warranted by market and economic conditions.

(5)Derivative assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally quarterly.

(6)Securities sold not yet purchased are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

(7)Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities represent the fair value of the obligation to the employee, which generally corresponds to the fair value of the invested assets, and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

18

Level 3 Valuations

The following table presents a reconciliation of the level 3 fair value category measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

							Net Gains/(Losses)
(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Purchases / Additions		Sales / Reductions		Realized		Unrealized		Balance at End of Period
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
CRT securities	$	12,261	$	—	$	(291)	$	—	$	358	$	12,328
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
CRT securities	$	11,928	$	—	$	(281)	$	—	$	109	$	11,756
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
CRT securities	$	11,995	$	—	$	(500)	$	—	$	833	$	12,328
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
CRT securities	$	11,861	$	—	$	(487)	$	—	$	382	$	11,756

(1)Unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt securities are recorded in AOCI. Realized gains/(losses) are recorded in other non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income/(loss).

CRT securities

The fair value of CRT securities is based on a discounted cash flow model, which utilizes Level 3 inputs, the most significant of which were a discount rate and weighted-average life. At June 30, 2024, the discount rates utilized ranged from 5.15% to 6.99% and the weighted-average life ranged from 4.63 years to 7.17 years. On a combined amortized cost weighted-average basis a discount rate of 5.83% and a weighted-average life of 5.57 years were utilized to determine the fair value of these securities at June 30, 2024. At December 31, 2023, the combined weighted-average discount rate and weighted-average life utilized were 6.57% and 6.06 years, respectively.

Loans held for investment

Certain collateral-dependent loans held for investment are reported at fair value when, based upon an individual evaluation, the specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the loan's amortized cost is based upon the fair value of the loan's underlying collateral. The $18.0 million fair value of loans held for investment at June 30, 2024 reported above includes impaired loans with a carrying value of $42.8 million that were reduced by specific allowance allocations totaling $24.8 million based on collateral valuations utilizing Level 3 inputs. The $38.3 million fair value of loans held for investment at December 31, 2023 reported above includes impaired loans with a carrying value of $58.3 million that were reduced by specific allowance allocations totaling $20.0 million based on collateral valuations utilizing Level 3 inputs.

19

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments is as follows:

	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)			Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2024
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,913,079	$	2,913,079	$	2,913,079	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	3,483,231		3,483,231		388,158		3,082,745		12,328
Held-to-maturity debt securities	831,513		718,910		—		718,910		—
Equity securities	74,232		74,232		58,197		16,035		—
Loans held for sale	36,785		36,785		—		9,584		27,201
Loans held for investment, net	21,511,433		21,466,288		—		—		21,466,288
Derivative assets	11,292		11,292		—		11,292		—
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	23,818,327		23,823,172		—		—		23,823,172
Short-term borrowings	1,675,000		1,675,000		—		1,675,000		—
Long-term debt	659,997		611,134		—		611,134		—
Securities sold not yet purchased	33,359		33,359		33,359		—		—
Derivative liabilities	72,160		72,160		—		72,160		—
December 31, 2023
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,242,850	$	3,242,850	$	3,242,850	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	3,225,892		3,225,892		636,473		2,577,424		11,995
Held-to-maturity debt securities	865,477		763,844		—		763,844		—
Equity securities	51,825		51,825		40,661		11,164		—
Loans held for sale	44,105		44,105		15,000		29,105		—
Loans held for investment, net	20,090,585		20,050,974		—		—		20,050,974
Derivative assets	32,944		32,944		—		32,944		—
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	22,371,839		22,379,452		—		—		22,379,452
Short-term borrowings	1,500,000		1,500,000		—		1,500,000		—
Long-term debt	859,147		801,309		—		801,309		—
Securities sold not yet purchased	10,602		10,602		10,602		—		—
Derivative liabilities	70,917		70,917		—		70,917		—

20

(10) Derivative Financial Instruments

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of derivative positions outstanding are presented in the following table.

	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
			Estimated Fair Value						Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)	Notional Amount		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative		Notional Amount		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative
Derivatives designated as hedges
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps hedging loans	$	2,850,000	$	—	$	60,428	$	2,850,000	$	668	$	57,961
Non-hedging derivatives
Customer-initiated and other derivatives:
Foreign currency forward contracts	123,234		425		382		4,824		52		31
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps	5,831,879		63,772		63,772		5,673,822		65,247		69,863
Caps and floors written	1,146,878		117		6,335		637,971		1,654		2,228
Caps and floors purchased	1,146,878		6,335		117		637,971		2,228		1,654
Forward contracts	16,228,437		25,633		24,685		8,665,675		39,123		38,570
Gross derivatives			96,282		155,719				108,972		170,307
Netting adjustment - offsetting derivative assets/liabilities			(39,904)		(39,904)				(37,346)		(37,346)
Netting adjustment - cash collateral received/posted			(45,086)		(43,655)				(38,682)		(62,044)
Net derivatives included on the consolidated balance sheets			$	11,292	$	72,160			$	32,944	$	70,917

The Company’s credit exposure on derivative instruments is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments by each counterparty. In some cases, collateral may be required from the counterparties involved if the net value of the derivative instruments exceeds a nominal amount. The Company’s credit exposure associated with these instruments, net of any collateral pledged, was approximately $11.3 million at June 30, 2024 and approximately $32.9 million at December 31, 2023. Collateral levels are monitored and adjusted on a regular basis for changes in the value of derivative instruments. At June 30, 2024, the Company had $98.9 million in cash collateral pledged to counterparties included in interest bearing cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and $46.9 million in cash collateral received from counterparties included in interest bearing deposits on the consolidated balance sheet. The comparative amounts at December 31, 2023, were $119.0 million in cash collateral pledged to counterparties and $42.3 million cash collateral received from counterparties.

The Company also enters into credit risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which the Company is either a participant or a lead bank. The risk participation agreements entered into by the Company as a participant bank provide credit protection to the financial institution counterparty should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with that financial institution. The Company is party to 14 risk participation agreements where it acts as a participant bank with a notional amount of $227.0 million at June 30, 2024, compared to 14 risk participation agreements with a notional amount of $230.7 million at December 31, 2023. The maximum estimated exposure to these agreements, assuming 100% default by all obligors, was approximately $6.1 million at June 30, 2024 and $4.5 million at December 31, 2023. The fair value of these exposures was insignificant to the consolidated financial statements at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Risk participation agreements entered into by the Company as the lead bank provide credit protection should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract. The Company is party to 15 risk participation agreements where the Company acts as the lead bank having a notional amount of $202.9 million at June 30, 2024, compared to 15 agreements having a notional amount of $204.8 million at December 31, 2023.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

The Company enters into interest rate derivative contracts that are designated as qualifying cash flow hedges to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to changes in a contractually specified interest rate.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $36.6 million in unrealized losses to adjust its cash flow hedges to fair value, which was recorded net of tax to AOCI, and reclassified $36.1 million from AOCI as a decrease to interest income on loans. Based on current market conditions, the Company estimates that during the next 12 months, an additional $55.2 million related to active and terminated hedges will be reclassified from AOCI as a decrease to interest income. As of June 30, 2024, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 1.67 years.

21

(11) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table provides the change in AOCI by component:

(in thousands)	Cash Flow Hedges		Available-for-Sale Securities		Held-to-Maturity Securities		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	(53,544)	$	(285,238)	$	(41,104)	$	(379,886)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	(8,738)		(5,201)		—		(13,939)
Amounts reclassified into net income	18,114		—		1,711		19,825
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	9,376		(5,201)		1,711		5,886
Income tax expense/(benefit)	1,047		(6,880)		(435)		(6,268)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	8,329		1,679		2,146		12,154
Ending balance	$	(45,215)	$	(283,559)	$	(38,958)	$	(367,732)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	(46,916)	$	(281,063)	$	(46,783)	$	(374,762)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	(59,057)		(40,674)		—		(99,731)
Amounts reclassified into net income	14,919		—		1,843		16,762
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(44,138)		(40,674)		1,843		(82,969)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(9,269)		(8,541)		387		(17,423)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(34,869)		(32,133)		1,456		(65,546)
Ending balance	$	(81,785)	$	(313,196)	$	(45,327)	$	(440,308)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	(45,749)	$	(273,806)	$	(42,449)	$	(362,004)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	(36,611)		(19,671)		—		(56,282)
Amounts reclassified into net income	36,120		—		3,413		39,533
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(491)		(19,671)		3,413		(16,749)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(1,025)		(9,918)		(78)		(11,021)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	534		(9,753)		3,491		(5,728)
Ending balance	$	(45,215)	$	(283,559)	$	(38,958)	$	(367,732)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	(66,394)	$	(304,309)	$	(48,240)	$	(418,943)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	(45,529)		(11,249)		—		(56,778)
Amounts reclassified into net income	26,048		—		3,687		29,735
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(19,481)		(11,249)		3,687		(27,043)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(4,090)		(2,362)		774		(5,678)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(15,391)		(8,887)		2,913		(21,365)
Ending balance	$	(81,785)	$	(313,196)	$	(45,327)	$	(440,308)

22

ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 should be read in conjunction with its audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements included in 2023 Form 10-K. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2024 or any future period.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of and pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding, among other things, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, business plans and future performance. These statements are not historical in nature and may often be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “estimates,” “should,” “plans,” “targets,” “intends” “could,” “would,” “anticipates,” “potential,” “confident,” “optimistic” or the negative thereof, or other variations thereon, or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy, objectives, estimates, trends, guidance, expectations and future plans.

Because forward-looking statements relate to future results and occurrences, they are subject to inherent and various uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, may change over time, are based on management’s expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made and are not guarantees of future results. Numerous risks and other factors, many of which are beyond management’s control, could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. While there can be no assurance that any list of risks is complete, important risks and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, economic or business conditions in Texas, the United States, or globally that impact TCBI or its customers; negative credit quality developments arising from the foregoing or other factors; TCBI’s ability to effectively manage its liquidity and maintain adequate regulatory capital to support its businesses; TCBI’s ability to pursue and execute upon growth plans, whether as a function of capital, liquidity, or other limitations; TCBI’s ability to successfully execute its business strategy, including developing and executing new lines of business and new products and services; the extensive regulations to which TCBI is subject and its ability to comply with applicable governmental regulations, including legislative and regulatory changes; TCBI’s ability to effectively manage information technology systems, including third party vendors, cyber or data privacy incidents, or other failures, disruptions or security breaches; elevated or further changes in interest rates, including the impact of interest rates on TCBI’s securities portfolio and funding costs, as well as related balance sheet implications stemming from the fair value of our assets and liabilities; the effectiveness of TCBI’s risk management processes, strategies and monitoring; fluctuations in commercial and residential real estate values, especially as they relate to the value of collateral supporting TCBI’s loans; the failure to identify, attract, and retain key personnel and other employees; increased or expanded competition from banks and other financial service providers in TCBI’s markets; adverse developments in the banking industry and the potential impact of such developments on customer confidence, liquidity and regulatory responses to these developments, including the context of regulatory examinations and related findings and actions; negative press and social media attention with respect to the banking industry or TCBI, in particular; claims, litigation or regulatory investigations and actions that TCBI may become subject to; severe weather, natural disasters, climate change, acts of war, terrorism, global conflict (including those already reported by the media, as well as others that may arise), or other external events, as well as related legislative and regulatory initiatives; and the risks and factors more fully described in TCBI’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and other documents and filings with the SEC. The information contained in this communication speaks only as of its date. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we disclaim any obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein to reflect future events or developments.

23

Results of Operations

Selected income statement data and key performance indicators are presented in the table below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands except per share data)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net interest income	$	216,582		$	231,990		$	431,591		$	467,335
Provision for credit losses	20,000			7,000			39,000			35,000
Non-interest income	50,424			46,011			91,743			83,414
Non-interest expense	188,409			181,644			390,802			375,671
Income before income taxes	58,597			89,357			93,532			140,078
Income tax expense	16,935			20,706			25,728			32,766
Net income	41,662			68,651			67,804			107,312
Preferred stock dividends	4,312			4,312			8,625			8,625
Net income available to common stockholders	$	37,350		$	64,339		$	59,179		$	98,687
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.80		$	1.34		$	1.26		$	2.05
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.80		$	1.33		$	1.25		$	2.02
Net interest margin	3.01		%	3.29		%	3.02		%	3.31		%
Return on average assets (“ROA”)	0.56		%	0.95		%	0.46		%	0.74		%
Return on average common equity (“ROE”)	5.26		%	9.17		%	4.14		%	7.15		%
Efficiency ratio(1)	70.6		%	65.3		%	74.7		%	68.2		%
Non-interest income to average earning assets	0.71		%	0.66		%	0.65		%	0.60		%
Non-interest expense to average earning assets	2.65		%	2.61		%	2.77		%	2.69		%

(1)    Non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

Three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to three months ended June 30, 2023

The Company reported net income of $41.7 million and net income available to common stockholders of $37.4 million for the second quarter of 2024, compared to net income of $68.7 million and net income available to common stockholders of $64.3 million for the second quarter of 2023. On a fully diluted basis, earnings per common share were $0.80 for the second quarter of 2024, compared to $1.33 for the same period in 2023. ROE was 5.26% and ROA was 0.56% for the second quarter of 2024, compared to 9.17% and 0.95%, respectively, for the same period in 2023. The decrease in net income for the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 resulted primarily from a decrease in net interest income and an increase in provision for credit losses.

Six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to six months ended June 30, 2023

The Company reported net income of $67.8 million and net income available to common stockholders of $59.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net income of $107.3 million and net income available to common stockholders of $98.7 million for the same period in 2023. On a fully diluted basis, earnings per common share were $1.25 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $2.02 for the same period in 2023. ROE was 4.14% and ROA was 0.46% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 7.15% and 0.74%, respectively, for the same period in 2023. The decrease in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 resulted primarily from a decrease in net interest income and an increase in non-interest expense.

Details of the changes in the various components of net income are discussed below.

24

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income Analysis - Quarterly(1)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024						Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands except percentages)	Average Balance		Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Investment securities(2)	$	4,427,023	$	33,584	2.80	%	$	4,306,881	$	27,478	2.36	%
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	3,273,069		43,233		5.31	%	3,286,091		41,571		5.07	%
Loans held for sale	28,768		683		9.55	%	28,414		599		8.46	%
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance(4)	4,357,288		42,722		3.94	%	4,376,235		49,425		4.53	%
Loans held for investment(3)(4)	16,750,788		301,910		7.25	%	16,217,314		282,956		7.00	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	263,145		—		—		261,027		—		—
Loans held for investment, net	20,844,931		344,632		6.65	%	20,332,522		332,381		6.56	%
Total earning assets	28,573,791		422,132		5.86	%	27,953,908		402,029		5.69	%
Cash and other assets	1,177,061						1,049,145
Total assets	$	29,750,852					$	29,003,053
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Transaction deposits	$	2,061,622	$	16,982	3.31	%	$	1,345,742	$	9,468	2.82	%
Savings deposits	11,981,668		143,173		4.81	%	10,590,558		114,275		4.33	%
Time deposits	1,658,899		21,125		5.12	%	1,531,922		13,648		3.57	%
Total interest bearing deposits	15,702,189		181,280		4.64	%	13,468,222		137,391		4.09	%
Short-term borrowings	927,253		12,749		5.53	%	1,397,253		18,253		5.24	%
Long-term debt	778,401		11,457		5.92	%	883,871		14,282		6.48	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	17,407,843		205,486		4.75	%	15,749,346		169,926		4.33	%
Non-interest bearing deposits	8,647,594						9,749,105
Other liabilities	537,754						389,155
Stockholders’ equity	3,157,661						3,115,447
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,750,852					$	29,003,053
Net interest income			$	216,646					$	232,103
Net interest margin					3.01	%					3.29	%

(1)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable.

(2)Yields on investment securities are calculated using available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.

(3)Average balances included non-accrual loans.

(4)In the first quarter of 2024, enhancements were made to our methodology for applying relationship pricing credits to mortgage client loans. To conform to the current period presentation, certain prior period interest income amounts have been reclassified from loans held for investment, mortgage finance to loans held for investment and related yields have been adjusted accordingly.

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Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income Analysis - Year to Date(1)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024						Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Revenue / Expense		Yield / Rate		Average Balance		Revenue / Expense		Yield / Rate
Assets
Investment securities(2)	$	4,363,195	$	65,728	2.79	%	$	4,184,349	$	52,770	2.34	%
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	3,662,348		97,588		5.36	%	4,407,486		104,007		4.76	%
Loans held for sale	39,966		1,867		9.40	%	35,902		1,537		8.63	%
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance(4)	3,937,498		74,177		3.79	%	3,834,529		86,844		4.57	%
Loans held for investment(3)(4)	16,636,438		600,216		7.26	%	15,909,792		542,196		6.87	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	256,541		—		—		256,900		—		—
Loans held for investment, net	20,317,395		674,393		6.68	%	19,487,421		629,040		6.51	%
Total earning assets	28,382,904		839,576		5.87	%	28,115,158		787,354		5.57	%
Cash and other assets	1,117,763						1,045,466
Total assets	$	29,500,667					$	29,160,624
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Transaction deposits	$	2,034,057	$	33,840	3.35	%	$	1,062,694	$	13,321	2.53	%
Savings deposits	11,695,673		279,963		4.81	%	10,891,309		219,982		4.07	%
Time deposits	1,689,112		43,077		5.13	%	1,481,569		24,182		3.29	%
Total interest bearing deposits	15,418,842		356,880		4.65	%	13,435,572		257,485		3.86	%
Short-term borrowings	919,670		25,532		5.58	%	1,320,493		32,997		5.04	%
Long-term debt	818,955		25,443		6.25	%	907,701		29,265		6.50	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	17,157,467		407,855		4.78	%	15,663,766		319,747		4.12	%
Non-interest bearing deposits	8,642,685						10,000,024
Other liabilities	523,520						412,758
Stockholders’ equity	3,176,995						3,084,076
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,500,667					$	29,160,624
Net interest income			$	431,721					$	467,607
Net interest margin					3.02	%					3.31	%

(1)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable.

(2)Yields on investment securities are calculated using available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.

(3)Average balances included non-accrual loans.

(4)In the first quarter of 2024, enhancements were made to our methodology for applying relationship pricing credits to mortgage client loans. To conform to the current period presentation, certain prior period interest income amounts have been reclassified from loans held for investment, mortgage finance to loans held for investment and related yields have been adjusted accordingly.

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Volume/Rate Analysis

The following table presents the changes in taxable equivalent net interest income and identifies the changes due to differences in the average volume of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and the changes due to differences in the average interest rate on those assets and liabilities.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024/2023						Six Months Ended June 30, 2024/2023
	Net Change		Change Due To(1)				Net Change		Change Due To(1)
(in thousands)			Volume		Yield/Rate(2)				Volume		Yield/Rate(2)
Interest income
Investment securities	$	6,106	$	707	$	5,399	$	12,958	$	2,083	$	10,875
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	1,662		(165)		1,827		(6,419)		(17,138)		10,719
Loans held for sale	84		7		77		330		175		155
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance	(6,703)		(214)		(6,489)		(12,667)		2,446		(15,113)
Loans held for investment	18,954		9,310		9,644		58,020		24,824		33,196
Total interest income	20,103		9,645		10,458		52,222		12,390		39,832
Interest expense
Transaction deposits	7,514		5,033		2,481		20,519		11,197		9,322
Savings deposits	28,898		15,018		13,880		59,981		17,064		42,917
Time deposits	7,477		1,130		6,347		18,895		3,282		15,613
Short-term borrowings	(5,504)		(6,140)		636		(7,465)		(10,107)		2,642
Long-term debt	(2,825)		(1,704)		(1,121)		(3,822)		(2,879)		(943)
Total interest expense	35,560		13,337		22,223		88,108		18,557		69,551
Net interest income	$	(15,457)	$	(3,692)	$	(11,765)	$	(35,886)	$	(6,167)	$	(29,719)

(1)Yield/rate and volume variances are allocated to yield/rate.

(2)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income was $216.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $232.0 million for the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to increases in funding costs and average interest bearing deposits, partially offset by increases in yields on average earning assets and average loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance.

Average earning assets for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased $619.9 million compared to the same period in 2023, which included increases of $512.4 million in average total loans held for investment and $120.1 million in average investment securities, partially offset by a $13.0 million decrease in average interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $2.2 billion increase in average interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by decreases of $470.0 million in average short-term borrowings and $105.5 million in average long-term debt related to the second quarter 2024 redemption in full of the bank-issued senior unsecured credit-linked notes of $275.0 million. Average non-interest bearing deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased to $8.6 billion from $9.7 billion for the same period in 2023.

Net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was 3.01%, compared to 3.29% for the same period in 2023. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to an increase in funding costs, partially offset by an increase in yields on average earning assets. The increases in yields on earnings assets and cost of funds are attributed to the impact of rising interest rates.

The yield on total loans held for investment increased to 6.65% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 6.56% for the same period in 2023, and the yield on earning assets increased to 5.86% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 5.69% for the same period in 2023. Total cost of deposits increased to 2.99% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 2.37% for the same period in 2023, and total funding costs, including non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders' equity, increased to 2.83% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 2.38% for the same period in 2023.

Net interest income was $431.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $467.3 million for the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to rising funding costs and an increase in average interest bearing deposits, partially offset by an increase in yields on average earnings assets and an increase in average total earning assets.

Average earning assets increased $267.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, which included increases of $830.0 million in average total loans held for investment and $178.8 million in average investment securities, partially offset by a decrease of $745.1 million in average interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents. Average

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interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase of $2.0 billion in average interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $400.8 million decrease in average short-term borrowings. Average non-interest bearing deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased to $8.6 billion from $10.0 billion for the same period in 2023.

Net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was 3.02%, compared to 3.31% for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the effect of rising interest rates on funding costs, partially offset by higher earning asset yields, also as a result of rising interest rates, compared to the same period in 2023.

The yield on total loans held for investment increased to 6.68% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 6.51% for the same period in 2023, and the yield on earning assets increased to 5.87% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 5.57% for the same period in 2023. Total cost of deposits increased to 2.98% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 2.22% for the same period in 2023 and total funding costs, including non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders' equity, increased to 2.83% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 2.24% for the same period in 2023.

Non-interest Income 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	5,911	$	5,158	$	12,250	$	10,180
Wealth management and trust fee income	3,699		3,715		7,266		7,144
Brokered loan fees	2,131		2,415		4,042		4,310
Investment banking and advisory fees	25,048		19,101		43,472		33,665
Trading income	5,650		8,397		10,362		12,601
Other	7,985		7,225		14,351		15,514
Total non-interest income	$	50,424	$	46,011	$	91,743	$	83,414

Non-interest income increased $4.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to increases in investment banking and advisory fees, partially offset by a decrease in trading income.

Non-interest income increased $8.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $91.7 million, compared to $83.4 million for the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in investment banking and advisory fees.

Non-interest Expense 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Salaries and benefits	$	118,840	$	113,050	$	247,567	$	241,720
Occupancy expense	10,666		9,482		20,403		19,101
Marketing	5,996		6,367		12,032		15,411
Legal and professional	11,273		15,669		27,468		30,183
Communications and technology	22,013		20,525		43,127		38,048
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance assessment	5,570		3,693		13,991		5,863
Other	14,051		12,858		26,214		25,345
Total non-interest expense	$	188,409	$	181,644	$	390,802	$	375,671

Non-interest expense increased $6.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits, occupancy expense, communications and technology expense, FDIC insurance assessment and other non-interest expense, partially offset by a decrease in legal and professional expense.

Non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased $15.1 million, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits, communications and technology expense and FDIC insurance assessment, resulting from an additional $3.5 million FDIC special assessment expense recorded in the first six months of 2024, partially offset by decreases in marketing expense and legal and professional expense.

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Analysis of Financial Condition

Loans Held for Investment

The following table summarizes the Company’s loans held for investment by portfolio segment. See Note 1 - Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the 2023 Form 10-K for details of these portfolio segments.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial	$	10,533,930	$	10,410,766
Mortgage finance	5,078,161		3,978,328
Commercial real estate	5,689,094		5,500,774
Consumer	557,951		530,948
Gross loans held for investment	21,859,136		20,420,816
Unearned income (net of direct origination costs)	(80,406)		(80,258)
Total loans held for investment	$	21,778,730	$	20,340,558

Total loans held for investment were $21.8 billion at June 30, 2024, an increase of $1.4 billion from December 31, 2023. The Company experienced loan growth in all loan categories as it has continued to execute on its long-term strategy. Mortgage finance loans relate to the mortgage warehouse lending operations in which the Company purchases mortgage loan ownership interests that are typically sold within 10 to 20 days and represent 23% and 19% of gross loans held for investment at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Volumes fluctuate based on the level of market demand for the product and the number of days between purchase and sale of the loans, which can be affected by changes in overall market interest rates, and tend to peak at the end of each month.

The Company originates a substantial majority of all loans held for investment. The Company also participates in shared national credits, both as a participant and as an agent. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $5.3 billion in shared national credits, $871.9 million of which the Company administered as agent. All syndicated loans, whether the Company acts as agent or participant, are underwritten to the same standards as all other loans the Company originates. As of June 30, 2024, approximately $16.8 million of the Company’s shared national credits were on non-accrual.

Portfolio Concentrations

Although more than 50% of the Company’s total loan exposure is outside of Texas and more than 50% of deposits are sourced outside of Texas, Texas concentration remains significant. As of June 30, 2024, a majority of the loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance and other national lines of business, were to businesses with headquarters or operations in Texas. This geographic concentration subjects the Company’s loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this state. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses.

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Non-performing Assets

Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans and leases and repossessed assets. The table below summarizes non-accrual loans by portfolio segment and by type of property securing the credit.

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Non-accrual loans held for investment
Commercial:
Business assets	$	73,114		$	63,094
Oil and gas properties	908			2,543
Accounts receivable and inventory	6,952			—
Machinery and equipment	—			3,332
Unsecured	1,642			79
Highly liquid assets	1,156			—
Total commercial	83,772			69,048
Commercial real estate:
Hotel/motel	—			12,350
Commercial property	265			—
Total commercial real estate	265			12,350
Consumer:
Single family residences	984			—
Total consumer	984			—
Total non-accrual loans held for investment	85,021			81,398
Non-accrual loans held for sale	—			—
Other real estate owned (“OREO”)	—			—
Total non-performing assets	$	85,021		$	81,398
Non-accrual loans held for investment to total loans held for investment	0.39		%	0.40		%
Total non-performing assets to total assets	0.28		%	0.29		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans held for investment	3.1x			3.1x
Loans held for investment past due 90 days and accruing	$	286		$	19,523
Loans held for investment past due 90 days to total loans held for investment	—		%	0.10		%
Loans held for sale past due 90 days and accruing	$	64		$	—

Summary of Credit Loss Experience

The provision for credit losses, comprised of a provision for loans and off-balance sheet credit losses, is a charge to earnings to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected losses at each balance sheet date.

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $39.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to a provision of $35.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 reflects growth in loans held for investment and $22.7 million in net charge-offs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded $22.7 million in net charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $28.1 million in net charge-offs during the same period in 2023. Criticized loans totaled $859.7 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $738.2 million at December 31, 2023.

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The table below presents key metrics related to the Company’s credit loss experience: 

	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans held for investment	1.23	%	1.11	%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to average total loans held for investment(1)	1.30	%	1.20	%
Total allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment	1.44	%	1.32	%
Total provision for credit losses to average total loans held for investment(1)(2)	0.20	%	0.36	%

(1)Ratios are calculated using average balance for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2)Ratios are annualized utilizing provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The table below details net charge-offs/(recoveries) as a percentage of average total loans by portfolio segment:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023
(dollars in thousands)	Net Charge-offs		Net Charge-offs to Average Loans(1)		Net Charge-offs		Net Charge-offs to Average Loans(1)
Commercial	$	17,283	0.33	%	$	28,154	0.55	%
Mortgage finance	—		—	%	—		—	%
Commercial real estate	5,436		0.19	%	—		—	%
Consumer	—		—	%	(5)		—	%
Total	$	22,719	0.22	%	$	28,149	0.29	%

(1)Ratios are calculated using net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

In general terms, liquidity is a measurement of the Company’s ability to meet its cash needs. The Company’s objectives in managing its liquidity are to maintain the ability to meet loan commitments, repurchase investment securities and repay deposits and other liabilities in accordance with their terms, without an adverse impact on current or future earnings. The Company’s liquidity strategy is guided by policies, formulated and monitored by senior management and the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which take into account the demonstrated marketability of the Company’s assets, the sources and stability of its funding and the level of unfunded commitments. The Company regularly evaluates all of its various funding sources with an emphasis on accessibility, stability, reliability and cost-effectiveness. The Company’s principal source of funding is customer deposits, supplemented by short-term borrowings, primarily from federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings, which are generally used to fund mortgage finance assets, and long-term debt. The Company also relies on the availability of the mortgage secondary market provided by Ginnie Mae and government sponsored entities to support the liquidity of mortgage finance assets.

The following table summarizes the Company’s interest bearing cash and cash equivalents:

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	2,691,352		$	3,042,357
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents as a percent of:
Total loans held for investment	12.4		%	15.0		%
Total earning assets	9.4		%	11.1		%
Total deposits	11.3		%	13.6		%

The Company’s goal is to obtain as much of its funding for loans held for investment and other earning assets as possible from customer deposits, which are generated principally through development of long-term customer relationships, with a significant focus on treasury management products. In addition, the Company also has access to deposits through brokered channels. The following table summarizes period-end total deposits:

	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total
Customer deposits	$	23,294,432	97.8	%	$	21,454,568	95.9	%
Brokered deposits	523,895		2.2	%	917,271		4.1	%
Total deposits	$	23,818,327	100.0	%	$	22,371,839	100.0	%

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Estimated uninsured assessable deposits, including accrued interest, were 40% of total deposits at June 30, 2024, compared to 43% of total deposits at December 31, 2023. The uninsured amounts are estimated based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.

The Company has short-term borrowing sources available to supplement deposits and meet its funding needs. Such borrowings are generally used to fund mortgage finance loans, due to their liquidity, short duration and interest spreads available. These borrowing sources include federal funds purchased from downstream correspondent bank relationships (which consist of banks that are smaller than the Bank) and from upstream correspondent bank relationships (which consist of banks that are larger than the Bank), customer repurchase agreements and advances from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve. The following table summarizes short-term borrowings, all of which mature within one year:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Repurchase agreements	$	—	$	—
FHLB borrowings	1,675,000		1,500,000
Total short-term and other borrowings	$	1,675,000	$	1,500,000

The following table summarizes the Company’s short-term borrowing capacities net of balances outstanding:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
FHLB borrowing capacity relating to loans and pledged securities	$	3,981,302	$	2,602,092
FHLB borrowing capacity relating to unencumbered securities	4,188,358		3,737,615
Total FHLB borrowing capacity(1)	$	8,169,660	$	6,339,707
Unused federal funds lines available from commercial banks	$	1,287,000	$	1,188,000
Unused Federal Reserve borrowings capacity	$	4,385,827	$	4,094,801
Unused revolving line of credit(2)	$	75,000	$	100,000

(1)FHLB borrowings are collateralized by a blanket floating lien on certain real estate secured loans, mortgage finance assets and certain pledged securities.

(2)Unsecured revolving, non-amortizing line of credit with maturity date of February 8, 2025. Proceeds may be used for general corporate purposes, including funding regulatory capital infusions into the Bank. The loan agreement contains customary financial covenants and restrictions. No borrowings were made against this line of credit during the six months ended June 30, 2024 or 2023.

The Company has long-term debt outstanding of $660.0 million as of June 30, 2024, comprised of trust preferred securities and subordinated notes with maturity dates ranging from January 2026 to December 2036. See Note 5 - Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information. The Company may consider raising additional capital, if needed, in public or private offerings of debt or equity securities to supplement deposits and meet its long-term funding needs.

As the Company is a holding company and is a separate operating entity from the Bank, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity are dividends received from the Bank and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. See Note 7 - Regulatory Ratios and Capital in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information regarding dividend restrictions and “Liquidity Risks” included in Part I, Item 1A of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Periodically, based on market conditions and other factors, and subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations and the terms of its existing indebtedness, the Company may repay, repurchase, exchange or redeem outstanding indebtedness, or otherwise enter into transactions regarding debt or capital structure. For example, the Company periodically evaluates and may engage in liability management transactions, including repurchases or redemptions of outstanding subordinated notes, which may be funded by the issuance of, or exchanges of, newly issued unsecured borrowings to actively manage the debt maturity profile and interest cost.

Capital Resources

The Company’s equity capital averaged $3.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $3.1 billion for the same period in 2023. The Company has not paid any cash dividends on common stock since operations commenced and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

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On January 17, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of its outstanding common stock. Remaining repurchase authorization under the January 18, 2023 share repurchase program was terminated upon authorization of this new program. Any repurchases under the repurchase program will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in open market or private transactions. The extent to which the Company repurchases shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will be at management’s discretion and will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, our capital position and amount of retained earnings, regulatory requirements and other considerations. The share repurchase program is set to expire on January 31, 2025, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,381,436 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price, including excise tax expense, of $81.5 million, at a weighted average price of $58.57 per share.

Critical Accounting Estimates

SEC guidance requires disclosure of “critical accounting estimates.” The SEC defines “critical accounting estimates” as those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the registrant.

The Company follows financial accounting and reporting policies that are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The more significant of these policies are summarized in Note 1 - Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Not all significant accounting policies require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments. However, the policy noted below could be deemed to meet the SEC’s definition of a critical accounting policy.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Management considers the policies related to the allowance for credit losses as the most critical to the financial statement presentation. The total allowance for credit losses includes activity related to allowances calculated in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 326, Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The amount maintained in the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of the credit losses expected to be recognized over the life of the loans in the Company’s portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet financial instruments is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio is segregated into pools first by portfolio segment and then by past due status or credit grade. Each pool is assigned a loss estimate, reflecting historical loss rates that incorporate probability of default and severity of losses over the estimated remaining life of the loans. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective (pool) evaluation. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Modifications to loss estimates are made to incorporate a reasonable and supportable forecast of future losses at the pool level, as well as any necessary qualitative adjustments using a Portfolio Level Qualitative Factor (“PLQF”) and/or a Portfolio Segment Level Qualitative Factor (“SLQF”). A similar process is employed to calculate a reserve assigned to off-balance sheet financial instruments, specifically unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. Modified loss estimates are assigned based on the balance of the commitments estimated to be outstanding at the time of default. The PLQF and SLQF are utilized to address factors that are not present in historical loss rates and are otherwise unaccounted for in the quantitative process. A reserve is recorded upon origination or purchase of a loan. See “Summary of Credit Loss Experience” above and Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for further discussion of the risk factors considered by management in establishing the allowance for credit losses.

Management considers a range of macroeconomic scenarios in connection with the allowance estimation process. Within the various economic scenarios considered as of June 30, 2024, the quantitative estimate of the allowance for credit loss would increase by approximately $151.7 million under sole consideration of the most severe downside scenario. The quoted sensitivity calculation reflects the sensitivity of the modeled allowance estimate to macroeconomic forecast data, but is absent of qualitative overlays and other qualitative adjustments that are part of the quarterly reserving process and does not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the allowance for reasons including increases or decreases in qualitative adjustments, changes in the risk profile and size of the portfolio, changes in the severity of the macroeconomic scenario and the range of scenarios under management consideration.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the potential economic loss on trading and non-trading portfolios and financial instruments due to adverse price movements in markets including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads, commodity prices and equity and related implied volatility levels. The Company is subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest rates on its portfolio of assets held for purposes other than trading and interest rate derivative instruments that are used for managing interest rate risk.

In addition, the Company has exposure to market risk through its trading desk that engages in fixed income and equity securities, derivatives and foreign exchange transactions to support the investing and hedging activities of customers. The Company uses Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) as a means to measure, monitor, and limit aggregate market risk on the trading portfolio. VaR is a statistical risk measure estimating potential loss at the 95th percentile based on a one-year history of market risk factors associated with the trading portfolio. VaR provides a consistent cross-asset measure for risk profiles and allows for diversification benefit based on historical correlations across market moves. As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s exposure through its trading desk does not pose a significant market risk to the Company. All statistical models involve a degree of uncertainty and VaR is calculated at a statistical confidence interval of the 95th percentile based on one-year daily historic market moves. Larger economic losses are possible, particularly during stressed macroeconomic and market conditions.

The responsibility for managing market risk rests with the ALCO, which operates under policy guidelines established by the Company’s board of directors. Oversight of the Company’s compliance with the guidelines is the ongoing responsibility of the ALCO, with exceptions reported to the Executive Risk Committee and the board of directors, if necessary, on a quarterly basis.

Interest Rate Risk Management

The Company’s interest rate sensitivity as of June 30, 2024 is illustrated in the following table. The table reflects rate-sensitive positions as of June 30, 2024 and is not necessarily indicative of positions on other dates. The table does not take into account the effect of the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. The balances of interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities are presented in the periods in which they next reprice to market rates or mature and are aggregated to show the interest rate sensitivity gap. The mismatch between repricings or maturities within a time period is commonly referred to as the “gap” for that period. A positive gap (asset sensitive), where interest rate-sensitive assets exceed interest rate sensitive liabilities, generally will result in the net interest margin increasing in a rising rate environment and decreasing in a falling rate environment. A negative gap (liability sensitive) will generally have the opposite results on the net interest margin. Certain variable rate loans have embedded floors which limit the decline in yield on those loans at times when market interest rates are extraordinarily low. The degree of asset sensitivity, spreads on loans and net interest margin may be reduced until rates increase by an amount sufficient to eliminate the effects of floors. The adverse effect of floors as market rates increase may also be offset by the positive gap, the extent to which rates on deposits and other funding sources lag increasing market rates for loans and changes in composition of funding.

(in thousands)	0-3 months		4-12 months		1-3 years		3+ years		Total
Assets
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	2,691,352	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,691,352
Investment securities(1)	86,852		885		610,385		3,690,854		4,388,976
Variable loans	19,906,327		396,319		153,283		282,909		20,738,838
Fixed loans	41,159		147,735		195,024		773,165		1,157,083
Total loans(2)	19,947,486		544,054		348,307		1,056,074		21,895,921
Total interest sensitive assets	$	22,725,690	$	544,939	$	958,692	$	4,746,928	$	28,976,249
Liabilities
Interest bearing customer deposits	$	14,124,509	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,124,509
CDs	519,094		1,170,262		16,508		239		1,706,103
Total interest bearing deposits	14,643,603		1,170,262		16,508		239		15,830,612
Short-term borrowings	1,675,000		—		—		—		1,675,000
Long-term debt	113,406		—		174,587		372,004		659,997
Total borrowings	1,788,406		—		174,587		372,004		2,334,997
Total interest sensitive liabilities	$	16,432,009	$	1,170,262	$	191,095	$	372,243	$	18,165,609
GAP	$	6,293,681	$	(625,323)	$	767,597	$	4,374,685	$	—
Cumulative GAP	$	6,293,681	$	5,668,358	$	6,435,955	$	10,810,640	$	10,810,640
Non-interest bearing deposits									7,987,715
Stockholders’ equity									3,175,601
Total									$	11,163,316

(1)Available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities based on fair market value.

(2)Total loans include gross loans held for investment and loans held for sale.

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While a gap interest table is useful in analyzing interest rate sensitivity, an interest rate sensitivity simulation provides a better illustration of the sensitivity of earnings to changes in interest rates. Earnings are also affected by the effects of changing interest rates on the value of funding derived from non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity. Management performs a sensitivity analysis to identify interest rate risk exposure on net interest income. Management also quantifies and measures interest rate risk exposure using a model to dynamically simulate the effect of changes in net interest income relative to changes in interest rates over the next twelve months based on different interest rate scenarios. These are a static rate scenario and “shock test” scenarios, as described below.

These scenarios are based on interest rates as of the last day of a reporting period published by independent sources and incorporate relevant spreads of instruments that are actively traded in the open market. The Federal Reserve’s federal funds target affects short-term borrowing; the prime lending rate, SOFR, Bloomberg Short Term Yield Index and other alternative indexes are the basis for most of the variable-rate loan pricing. The 10-year treasury rate is also monitored because of its effect on prepayment speeds for mortgage-backed securities. These are the Company’s primary interest rate exposures. Interest rate derivative contracts may be used to manage exposure to adverse fluctuations in these primary interest rate exposures as is discussed in more detail under the heading Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate and Other Risks below.

For modeling purposes, the “shock test” scenarios as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 assume immediate, sustained 100 and 200 basis point increases in interest rates as well as 100 and 200 basis point decreases in interest rates. The Company will continue to evaluate these scenarios as interest rates change.

The Company’s interest rate risk exposure model incorporates assumptions regarding the level of interest rate, including indeterminable maturity deposits (non-interest bearing deposits, interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts) and loan and security prepayment behaviors for a given level of market rate change. In the current environment of changing short-term rates, deposit pricing can vary by product and customer. These assumptions have been developed through a combination of historical analysis and projection of future expected pricing behavior. Changes in prepayment behavior of mortgage-backed securities and residential and commercial mortgage loans in each rate environment are captured using industry estimates of prepayment speeds for various coupon segments of the portfolio. The impact of these changes is factored into the simulation model results and indicated interest rate sensitivity as follows:

	Annualized Hypothetical Change in Net Interest Income
		June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
+ 200 basis points		4.1	%	5.2	%
+ 100 basis points		2.1	%	2.6	%
- 100 basis points		(5.0)	%	(3.8)	%
- 200 basis points		(10.0)	%	(7.8)	%

The simulations used to manage market risk are based on numerous assumptions regarding the effect of changes in interest rates on the timing and extent of repricing characteristics, future cash flows and customer behavior. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or precisely predict the impact of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors.

Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate and Other Risks

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to manage various risks and to accommodate the business requirements of its customers.

On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, net investment hedge, or a designation is not made as it is a customer-related transaction, an economic hedge for asset/liability risk management purposes or another stand-alone derivative created through the Company’s operations.

To manage the sensitivity of earnings and capital to interest rate, prepayment, credit, price and foreign currency fluctuations (asset and liability management positions), the Company may enter into derivative transactions. In addition, the Company enters into interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts to support the business requirements of its customers (customer-related positions).

For additional information regarding derivatives, see Note 10 - Derivative Financial Instruments in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

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ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the supervision and participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company has concluded that, as of the end of such period, its disclosure controls and procedures were effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act and were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions that may arise in the ordinary course of conducting its business. Management does not expect the disposition of any of these matters to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements or results of operations. 

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company repurchased shares of its common stock in the open market during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as follows:

				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar Value
				Shares Purchased as Part	of Shares That May Yet
	Total Number of	Average Price Paid		of Publicly Announced	Be Purchased Under the
	Shares Purchased	per Share(1)		Plans or Programs(2)	Plans or Programs(1)(2)
First Quarter
January 2024	—	$	—	—	$	150,000,000
February 2024	112,215	58.23		112,215	143,466,072
March 2024	417,123	59.55		417,123	118,624,951
Total	529,338	$	59.27	529,338	$	118,624,951
Second Quarter
April 2024	393,914	$	58.46	393,914	$	95,596,029
May 2024	41,597	58.64		41,597	93,156,593
June 2024	416,587	57.78		416,587	69,085,247
Total	852,098	$	58.14	852,098	$	69,085,247
Year to date total	1,381,436	$	58.57	1,381,436	$	69,085,247

(1)    The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs and average price paid per share do not include the effect of excise tax expense incurred on net stock repurchases.

(2)    On January 17, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of its outstanding common stock, excluding the effect of excise tax expense incurred on net stock repurchases. Remaining repurchase authorization under the January 18, 2023 share repurchase program was terminated upon authorization of this new program. Any repurchases under the repurchase program will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in open market or private transactions. The extent to which the Company repurchases shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will be at management’s discretion and will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, our capital position and amount of retained earnings, regulatory requirements and other considerations. The share repurchase program is set to expire on January 31, 2025, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

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ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Exhibits

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act*
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act*
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer**
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*    Filed herewith

**    Furnished herewith

+    Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

Date: July 18, 2024

/s/ J. Matthew Scurlock

J. Matthew Scurlock

Chief Financial Officer

(Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

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