Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

At the end of each interim period, management estimates the annual effective tax rate based on forecasted pre-tax results of the Company’s global operations and applies such rate to its ordinary quarterly earnings to calculate income tax expense related to ordinary income. The tax effects of items significant, unusual and infrequent in nature are discretely calculated and recognized in the period during which they occur. These discrete items often relate to changes in tax laws, excess tax benefits/deficiencies related to share-based compensation or adjustments to previously reported tax expense/benefits.

Management assesses the recoverability of its deferred tax assets as of the end of each quarter, weighing available positive and negative evidence, and is required to establish and maintain a valuation allowance for these assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence can be objectively verified. If negative evidence exists, positive evidence is necessary to

support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed. A cumulative loss in recent years, commonly defined as a three-year cumulative loss position, is a significant piece of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s U.S. operations are in a three-year cumulative loss position. Management determined that sufficient objectively verifiable positive evidence does not exist to overcome the negative evidence of the Company’s U.S. cumulative loss position. Accordingly, the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate applied to the Company’s pre-tax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024, includes the unfavorable impact of a partial valuation allowance against the majority of the Company’s forecasted U.S. net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s U.K. operations are in a three-year cumulative loss position. The reversal of U.K. deferred tax liabilities will provide a source of realization to support a portion of the U.K. deferred tax assets, and therefore a partial valuation has been established for those deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate applied to the Company’s pre-tax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes the favorable impact of recognizing a component of the U.K. benefit.

Full valuation allowances have been established for loss jurisdictions (Switzerland, Singapore, and China), which are thus not included in the computation of the estimated annual effective tax rate for 2024.