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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy has been established based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable.

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. These are typically obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These are typically obtained from readily-available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs, where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions of the data that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, based on the best information available in the circumstances.

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value on a recurring basis, including its marketable securities and certain cash equivalents. The Company considers all securities available-for-sale, including those with maturity dates beyond 12 months, and therefore these securities are classified within current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they are available to support current operational liquidity needs. The money market accounts are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The marketable securities are generally valued based on other observable inputs for those securities (including market corroborated pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves) based on information provided by independent third-party pricing entities, except for U.S. Treasury securities which are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets.

The following tables set forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of the Company’s marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Short-term marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	52,791	$	11	$	(138)	$	52,664
Yankee bonds	6,175		1		(16)		6,160
Agency bonds	17,546		—		(16)		17,530
Municipal bonds	12,440		—		(211)		12,229
Commercial paper	17,694		—		(4)		17,690
Asset-backed securities	27,620		1		(86)		27,535
Corporate bonds	65,198		9		(452)		64,755
Total	$	199,464	$	22	$	(923)	$	198,563


	December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Short-term marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	21,357	$	1	$	(18)	$	21,340
Commercial paper	14,543		—		—		14,543
Asset-backed securities	14,546		—		(8)		14,538
Corporate bonds	17,144		—		(19)		17,125
Total	$	67,590	$	1	$	(45)	$	67,546

The Company had $0.6 million and $0.2 million of accrued interest receivable at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, included in other assets on its Consolidated Balance Sheets related to its marketable securities. The amounts of realized gains and realized losses were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. There were no such amounts for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following tables set forth the fair value of available-for-sale marketable securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2021
	One Year or Less		Over One Year Through Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
Financial Assets:
Marketable Securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	22,550	$	30,114	$	—	$	52,664
Yankee bonds	4,150		2,010		—		6,160
Agency bonds	14,041		3,489		—		17,530
Municipal bonds	—		12,229		—		12,229
Commercial paper	17,690		—		—		17,690
Asset-backed securities	20,868		6,667		—		27,535
Corporate bonds	25,412		39,343		—		64,755
Total	$	104,711	$	93,852	$	—	$	198,563


	December 31, 2020
	One Year or Less		Over One Year Through Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
Financial Assets:
Marketable Securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	6,075	$	15,265	$	—	$	21,340
Commercial paper	14,543		—		—		14,543
Asset-backed securities	560		13,978		—		14,538
Corporate bonds	5,863		11,262		—		17,125
Total	$	27,041	$	40,505	$	—	$	67,546

The following tables set forth the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale securities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	254,157	$	—	$	—	$	254,157
Commercial paper	—		22,491		—		22,491
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	52,664		—		—		52,664
Yankee bonds	6,160		—		—		6,160
Agency bonds	17,530		—		—		17,530
Municipal bonds	12,229		—		—		12,229
Commercial paper	—		17,690		—		17,690
Asset-backed securities	—		27,535		—		27,535
Corporate bonds	—		64,755		—		64,755
Total	$	342,740	$	132,471	$	—	$	475,211


	December 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	209,141	$	—	$	—	$	209,141
U.S. Treasury securities	1,000		—		—		1,000
Commercial paper	—		3,999		—		3,999
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	21,340		—		—		21,340

Commercial paper	—		14,543		—		14,543
Asset-backed securities	—		14,538		—		14,538
Corporate bonds	—		17,125		—		17,125
Total	$	231,481	$	50,205	$	—	$	281,686

There were no transfers of financial assets or liabilities into or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The carrying value of cash, certain cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and Pharma contract liabilities are considered reasonable estimates of their respective fair values at December 31, 2021 and 2020 due to their short-term nature.

The Company also measures certain non-financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily intangible assets, goodwill, long-lived assets in connection with periodic evaluations for potential impairment. The Company estimates the fair value of these assets using primarily unobservable inputs and as such, these are considered Level 3 fair value measurements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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