Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP. These principles require management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates, judgments and assumptions. Significant estimates, judgments and assumptions used in these Consolidated Financial Statements include, but are not limited to those related to revenues, accounts receivable and related allowances, contingencies, useful lives and recovery of long-term assets and intangible assets, income taxes and valuation allowances, stock-based compensation and impairment analysis of goodwill. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of material revisions in estimates are reflected on the Consolidated Financial Statements prospectively from the date of the change in estimate.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The Company determines whether investments in affiliates are a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and when a reconsideration event has occurred. A reporting entity must consolidate a VIE if that reporting entity has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) and is determined to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company accounts for its equity investments that are under 20% of the total equity outstanding and for which the Company does not have significant influence by applying the cost method. Investments that are under 20% of the total equity outstanding and for which the entity has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method unless a scope exception is applicable. Investments in which the Company holds a non-controlling interest and are between 20-50% equity are accounted for using the equity method. For any equity investments in which the Company holds over 50% of the outstanding stock, or for investments in which the Company controls the investee, the Company consolidates those entities into the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of cash, certain cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and Pharma contract liabilities are considered reasonable estimates of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company measures its marketable securities and certain cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis.
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that the Company believes to be of high credit standing. The Company believes that, as of December 31, 2020, its concentration of credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents was not significant.
Marketable Securities	Marketable Securities The Company classifies all marketable securities as available-for-sale, including those with maturity dates beyond 12 months, and therefore these securities are classified within current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they are available to support current operational liquidity needs. Marketable securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized holding gains and losses, net of income taxes, reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. The Company evaluates its marketable securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. Unrealized losses are charged against net earnings when a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company reviews several factors to determine whether a loss is other-than-temporary, such as the length and extent of the fair value decline, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and whether there is the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell before the securities' anticipated recovery. Regardless of the intent to sell a security, the Company performs additional analysis on all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate losses associated with the creditworthiness of the security. Credit losses are recorded when the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security.For the purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses, cost and fair value are determined on a specific identification basis.
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable are reported for all clinical services payers based on the amount expected to be collected, which considers implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive based on negotiated discounts, historical collection experience and other anticipated adjustments, including anticipated payer denials. For Pharma Services, the Company negotiates billing schedules and payment terms on a contract-by-contract basis which can include payments based on certain milestones being achieved. Revenue is recognized over time based on the number of units completed, which generally aligns with the progress of the Company towards fulfilling its obligations under the contract.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories, which consist principally of testing supplies, are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company periodically reviews its inventories for excess or obsolescence and writes-down obsolete or otherwise unmarketable inventories to their estimated net realizable value.
Other Current Assets	Other Current Assets As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, other current assets consist primarily of pharma contract assets, capitalized commissions and non-trade receivables.
Property and Equipment, net	Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the related lease terms or their estimated useful lives. Costs incurred in connection with the development of internal-use software are capitalized in accordance with the accounting standard for internal-use software, and are amortized over the expected useful life of the software, generally 1-10 years. The Company performs a fair value assessment on property and equipment acquired in a business combination and records the fair value as the basis for those assets. The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of property and equipment. Changes to the estimated useful lives are recorded prospectively from the date of the change. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income (loss) from operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses or research and development (“R&D”) expenses, as appropriate.
Leases	Leases The Company leases corporate offices and laboratory space throughout the world, all of which are classified as operating leases expiring at various dates and generally have terms ranging from 1 to 15 years. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Some of the Company’s real estate lease agreements include options to either renew or early terminate the lease. Leases with renewal options allow the Company to extend the lease term typically between 1 and 5 years. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option to renew or terminate a lease, these options are considered in determining the classification and measurement of the lease. Lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term and assessed as of the commencement date. Incentives received from landlords, such as reimbursements for tenant improvements and rent abatement periods, effectively reduce the total lease payments owed for leases. Certain real estate leases also include executory costs such as common area maintenance (non-lease component), as well as property insurance and property taxes (non-components). Lease payments, which may include lease components, non-lease components and non-components, are included in the measurement of the Company’s lease liabilities to the extent that such payments are either fixed amounts or variable amounts based on a rate or index (fixed in substance) as stipulated in the lease contract. Any actual costs in excess of such amounts are expensed as incurred as variable lease cost. The Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate by lease term in order to calculate the present value of its future lease payments when the implicit rates in the leases agreements are not readily determinable. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a secured basis, and is the rate at which the Company would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term. On January 1, 2019, the discount rate used for existing leases at adoption was determined based on the remaining lease term using available data as of that date. Operating lease costs represent fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease costs include an immaterial amount of variable lease costs, and are recorded in cost of revenue, general and administrative, sales and marketing and R&D expenses, depending on the nature of the leased asset on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets, netIntangible assets with determinable useful lives are recorded initially at acquired fair value or cost, less accumulated amortization. Each intangible asset with a determinable useful life is amortized over its estimated useful life using the straight-line method. The Company periodically reviews the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed and adjusts the amortization period and pattern to match the estimate. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are recorded initially at fair value or cost and are tested annually for impairment.
Goodwill	GoodwillThe Company evaluates goodwill on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if management believes indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators could include, but are not limited to, (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If management concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, management performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative analysis is performed by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value is greater than the estimate of fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount in which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. The Company estimates the fair values of its reporting units using a combination of the income, or discounted cash flows, approach and the market approach, which utilizes comparable companies’ data.
Recoverability and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Recoverability and Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets (including definite-lived intangible assets) if events or changes in circumstances indicate the assets may be impaired. Evaluation of possible impairment is based on the Company’s ability to recover the asset from the expected future pretax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If the expected undiscounted pretax cash flows are less than the carrying amount of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying amount of the asset.
Debt Issuance Costs	Debt Issuance CostsDebt issuance costs related to convertible senior notes are recorded as deductions that net against the principal value of the debt and are amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to term loans are recorded as direct deductions from the carrying amount of the term loan and are amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs relating to line of credit arrangements are recorded as assets and amortized over the term of the credit arrangement regardless of whether any outstanding borrowing existed. The term loan and line of credit were terminated in 2020 and all debt issuance costs were expensed accordingly.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	Derivative Instruments and Hedging ActivitiesDerivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability and measured at fair value. Additionally, changes in the derivative’s fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures compensation expense for stock-based awards to employees, non-employee contracted physicians, and directors based upon the awards’ initial grant-date fair value. The estimated grant-date fair value of the award is recognized as expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a trinomial lattice model. This model is affected by the stock price on the date of the grant as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected term of the option, expected risk-free interest rate the expected volatility of common stock, and expected dividend yield, each of which is more fully described below. The assumptions for expected term and expected volatility are the two assumptions that significantly affect the grant date fair value. Expected Term: The expected term of an option is the period of time that the option is expected to be outstanding. The average expected term is determined using a trinomial lattice simulation model. Risk-free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate used in the trinomial lattice valuation method is based on the implied yield at the grant date of the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with an equivalent term to the stock-based award being valued. Where the expected term of a stock-based award does not correspond with the term for which a zero coupon interest rate is quoted, the Company uses the nearest interest rate from the available maturities. Expected Stock Price Volatility: The Company uses its own historical weekly volatility because that is more reflective of market conditions. Dividend Yield: Because the Company has never paid a dividend and does not expect to begin doing so in the foreseeable future, the Company assumed no dividend yield in valuing the stock-based awards.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Clinical Services The Company’s specialized diagnostic services are performed based on a written test requisition form or electronic equivalent. The performance obligation is satisfied and revenues are recognized at the point in time the diagnostic services have been performed and the results have been delivered to the ordering physician. These diagnostic services are billed to various payers, including Medicare, commercial insurance companies, other directly billed healthcare institutions such as hospitals and clinics, and individuals. Revenue is recorded for all payers based on the amount expected to be collected, which considers implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive based on negotiated discounts, historical collection experience and other anticipated adjustments, including anticipated payer denials. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 60 days of billing for commercial insurance, Medicare and other governmental and self-pay payers and within 60 to 90 days of billing for client payers. Pharma Services The Company’s Pharma Services segment generally enters into contracts with pharmaceutical and biotech customers as well as other Clinical Research Organizations (“CROs”) to provide research and clinical trial services ranging in duration from one month to several years. The Company records revenue on a unit-of-service basis based on number of units completed and the total expected contract value. The total expected contract value is estimated based on historical experience of total contracted units compared to realized units as well as known factors on a specific contract-by-contract basis. Certain contracts include upfront fees, final settlement amounts or billing milestones that may not align with the completion of performance obligations. The value of these upfront fees or final settlement amounts is recognized over time based on the number of units completed, which aligns with the progress of the Company towards fulfilling its obligations under the contract. The Company also enters into other contracts, such as validation studies and informatics. Revenue for validation studies for which the sole deliverable may be a final report that is sent to sponsors at the completion of contracted activities, is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the final report to the sponsor. Informatics is the sale of de-identified data for which deliverables typically consist of retrospective records or prospective deliveries of data. Informatics revenue is recognized upon delivery of retrospective data or over time for prospective data feeds. Any contracts that contain multiple performance obligations and include both units-of-service and point in time deliverables are accounted for as separate performance obligations and revenue is recognized as previously disclosed. The Company negotiates billing schedules and payment terms on a contract-by-contract basis. While the contract terms generally provide for payments based on a unit-of-service arrangement, the billing schedules, payment terms and related cash payments may not align with the performance of services and, as such, may not correspond to revenue recognized in any given period. Amounts collected for services provided in advance of revenue being recognized are deferred as contract liabilities. The associated revenue is recognized and the contract liability is reduced as the contracted services are subsequently recognized. Contract assets are established for revenue that has been recognized but not yet billed. These contract assets are reduced once the customer is invoiced and a corresponding account receivable is recorded. Additionally, certain costs to obtain contracts, primarily for sales commissions, are capitalized when incurred and are amortized over the term of the contract. Amounts capitalized for contracts with an initial contract term of twelve months or less are classified as current assets and all others are classified as non-current assets. Contract assets are included in other current assets and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.Most contracts are terminable by the customer, either immediately or according to advance notice terms specified within the contracts. All contracts require payment of fees to the Company for services rendered through the date of termination and may require payment for subsequent services necessary to conclude the study or close out the contract.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of RevenueCost of revenue includes payroll and payroll related costs for performing tests, depreciation of laboratory equipment, rent for laboratory facilities, laboratory reagents, probes and supplies, and delivery and courier costs relating to the transportation of specimens to be tested. These expenses related to shipping specimens to the facilities for testing, includes costs incurred for contract couriers, commercial airline flights and FedEx Corporation charges. The Company also incurs expenses returning samples and slides to its customers.
General and Administrative Expenses	General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist of payroll and payroll related costs for our billing, finance, human resources, information technology and other administrative personnel as well as stock-based compensation. The Company also allocates professional services, facilities expense, IT infrastructure costs, depreciation, amortization and other administrative-related costs to general and administrative expenses.
Research and Development	Research and Development Expenses R&D costs are expensed as incurred. R&D expenses consist of payroll and payroll related costs, laboratory supplies, and costs for samples to complete validation studies. These expenses are primarily incurred to develop new genetic tests. Sales and Marketing Expenses Sales and marketing expenses are primarily attributable to employee-related costs including sales management, sales representatives, sales and marketing consultants and marketing and customer service personnel. Advertising costs are expensed at the time they are incurred and are deemed immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Deferred taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Also, the effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Temporary differences between financial and tax reporting arise primarily from the use of different depreciation methods and lives for property and equipment, recognition of bad debts, compensation related expenses and various other expenses that have been allowed for or accrued for financial statement purposes but are not currently deductible for income tax purposes. The provision for income taxes, including the effective tax rate and analysis of potential tax exposure items, if any, requires significant judgment and expertise in federal and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and any estimated valuation allowances deemed necessary to recognize deferred tax assets at an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in its tax returns, and records a liability for uncertain tax positions, if deemed necessary. The Company follows a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. First, tax positions are recognized if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, the tax position is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2020 the Company had an uncertain tax position related to Federal and State R&D tax credits, including a provision for interest and penalties related to such position. At December 31, 2019, the Company had an insignificant amount on its Consolidated Balance Sheets related to uncertain tax positions. At December 31, 2018, the Company had an uncertain tax position related to the deductibility of certain accrued compensation. The Company does not expect a significant change in its uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share	Net Income per Common Share The Company has adopted the two class method of calculating earnings per share, due to the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock in December 2015. Under this method, when the Company has a net loss the Company will not allocate the net loss to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (participating shareholders) as they do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Under this method, when the Company has net income, the Company will compute net income per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period plus the weighted average number of preferred shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of potential common stock. Potential common stock consists of shares issuable pursuant to stock options and convertible notes as well as nonvested restricted stock awards which are not considered outstanding with respect to the weighted average common shares outstanding in the calculation of basic net income per share. Potentially dilutive shares are determined by applying the treasury stock method to the Company's outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards. Potentially dilutive shares issuable upon conversion of the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 are calculated using the if-converted method.
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which changes the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The implementation costs should be presented accordingly as other assets, current and non-current on the balance sheet and expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Under the new guidance, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, or valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. However, public companies are required to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and related changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”). The new guidance requires that the reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows include cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. ASU 2016-08 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods, using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. As a result, restricted cash of $21.9 million as of December 31, 2020 is included in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. See Note 5. Leases, for additional information regarding the use of restricted cash. There were no restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2018-19 (issued November 2018), 2019-04 (issued April 2019), 2019-05 (issued May 2019), 2019-11 (issued November 2019), 2020-02 (issued February 2020) and 2020-03 (issued March 2020) (“ASU 2016-13”) which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The standard was effective January 1, 2020 and requires the use of forward-looking expected credit loss models based on historical experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount, which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses under the new standard. It also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The standard required a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2020. Based on management’s analysis, upon adoption ASU 2016-13 is applicable to the Company’s trade receivables as well as contract assets recognized within the Pharma Services segment. An assessment was performed on historical trends, current economic conditions, supportable forecasts, and customer and credit risks. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not result in a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”) which provides for temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on certain contract modifications and hedging relationships to ease the burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or other reference rates to alternative reference rates. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2021-01”) to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions apply to modifications of derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest. ASU 2020-04 is effective beginning on March 12, 2020 and may be applied prospectively to such transactions through December 31, 2022 and ASU 2021-01 is effective beginning on January 7, 2021 and may be applied retrospectively or prospectively to such transactions through December 31, 2022. The Company will evaluate transactions or contract modifications occurring as a result of reference rate reform and determine whether to apply the optional guidance on an ongoing basis. As of December 31, 2020, there was no impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements related to ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01. In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, Codification Improvements, which updates various codification topics by clarifying disclosure requirements to align with the SEC's regulations. The Company will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) - Accounting For Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such convertible debt instruments. Similarly, the debt discount, that is equal to the carrying value of the embedded conversion feature upon issuance, will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible instrument was issued at a substantial premium. In addition, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2020-06 can be adopted on either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach, and accordingly the Company will record an adjustment that reflects the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 as if the embedded conversion feature had not been separated. The estimated impact upon adoption on January 1, 2021 on the Consolidated Balance Sheets will include an increase of approximately $27 million in convertible senior notes, net, a write-off of approximately $7 million in deferred tax liabilities, and a decrease of approximately $23 million in additional paid-in capital. In addition, upon adoption on January 1, 2021, there will be an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for previously recognized interest expense, net of tax effects, of approximately $3 million for amortization of debt discount related to the carrying value of the embedded conversion feature upon issuance. Subsequently, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is expected to reduce reported interest expense and, correspondingly, increase reported net income. In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (“Topic 321”), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“Topic 323”) and Derivatives and Hedging (“Topic 815”) (collectively, “ASU 2020-01”). ASU 2020-01 clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for the equity method investments in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. ASU 2020-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-01 on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“Topic 740”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within Topic 740 and clarifies certain other aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP. These principles require management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates, judgments and assumptions. Significant estimates, judgments and assumptions used in these Consolidated Financial Statements include, but are not limited to those related to revenues, accounts receivable and related allowances, contingencies, useful lives and recovery of long-term assets and intangible assets, income taxes and valuation allowances, stock-based compensation and impairment analysis of goodwill. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of material revisions in estimates are reflected on the Consolidated Financial Statements prospectively from the date of the change in estimate.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company determines whether investments in affiliates are a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and when a reconsideration event has occurred. A reporting entity must consolidate a VIE if that reporting entity has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) and is determined to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company accounts for its equity investments that are under 20% of the total equity outstanding and for which the Company does not have significant influence by applying the cost method. Investments that are under 20% of the total equity outstanding and for which the entity has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method unless a scope exception is applicable. Investments in which the Company holds a non-controlling interest and are between 20-50% equity are accounted for using the equity method. For any equity investments in which the Company holds over 50% of the outstanding stock, or for investments in which the Company controls the investee, the Company consolidates those entities into the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash, certain cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and Pharma contract liabilities are considered reasonable estimates of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature.

The Company measures its marketable securities and certain cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that the Company believes to be of high credit standing. The Company believes that, as of December 31, 2020, its concentration of credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents was not significant.

Marketable Securities

The Company classifies all marketable securities as available-for-sale, including those with maturity dates beyond 12 months, and therefore these securities are classified within current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they are available to support current operational liquidity needs.

Marketable securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized holding gains and losses, net of income taxes, reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. The Company evaluates its marketable securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. Unrealized losses are charged against net earnings when a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company reviews several factors to determine whether a loss is other-than-temporary, such as the length and extent of the fair value decline, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and whether there is the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell before the securities' anticipated recovery. Regardless of the intent to sell a security, the Company performs additional analysis on all securities with unrealized losses to

evaluate losses associated with the creditworthiness of the security. Credit losses are recorded when the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security.For the purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses, cost and fair value are determined on a specific identification basis.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are reported for all clinical services payers based on the amount expected to be collected, which considers implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive based on negotiated discounts, historical collection experience and other anticipated adjustments, including anticipated payer denials.

For Pharma Services, the Company negotiates billing schedules and payment terms on a contract-by-contract basis which can include payments based on certain milestones being achieved. Revenue is recognized over time based on the number of units completed, which generally aligns with the progress of the Company towards fulfilling its obligations under the contract.

Inventories

Inventories, which consist principally of testing supplies, are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company periodically reviews its inventories for excess or obsolescence and writes-down obsolete or otherwise unmarketable inventories to their estimated net realizable value.

Other Current Assets

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, other current assets consist primarily of pharma contract assets, capitalized commissions and non-trade receivables.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the related lease terms or their estimated useful lives. Costs incurred in connection with the development of internal-use software are capitalized in accordance with the accounting standard for internal-use software, and are amortized over the expected useful life of the software, generally 1-10 years. The Company performs a fair value assessment on property and equipment acquired in a business combination and records the fair value as the basis for those assets.

The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of property and equipment. Changes to the estimated useful lives are recorded prospectively from the date of the change. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income (loss) from operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses or research and development (“R&D”) expenses, as appropriate.

Leases

The Company leases corporate offices and laboratory space throughout the world, all of which are classified as operating leases expiring at various dates and generally have terms ranging from 1 to 15 years. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Some of the Company’s real estate lease agreements include options to either renew or early terminate the lease. Leases with renewal options allow the Company to extend the lease term typically between 1 and 5 years. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option to renew or terminate a lease, these options are considered in determining the classification and measurement of the lease.

Lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term and assessed as of the commencement date. Incentives received from landlords, such as reimbursements for tenant improvements and rent abatement periods, effectively reduce the total lease payments owed for leases.

Certain real estate leases also include executory costs such as common area maintenance (non-lease component), as well as property insurance and property taxes (non-components). Lease payments, which may include lease components, non-lease components and non-components, are included in the measurement of the Company’s lease liabilities to the extent that such payments are either fixed amounts or variable amounts based on a rate or index (fixed in substance) as stipulated in the lease contract. Any actual costs in excess of such amounts are expensed as incurred as variable lease cost.

The Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate by lease term in order to calculate the present value of its future lease payments when the implicit rates in the leases agreements are not readily determinable. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a secured basis, and is the rate at which the Company would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term. On January 1, 2019, the discount rate used for existing leases at adoption was determined based on the remaining lease term using available data as of that date.

Operating lease costs represent fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease costs include an immaterial amount of variable lease costs, and are recorded in cost of revenue, general and administrative, sales and marketing and R&D expenses, depending on the nature of the leased asset on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets, netIntangible assets with determinable useful lives are recorded initially at acquired fair value or cost, less accumulated amortization. Each intangible asset with a determinable useful life is amortized over its estimated useful life using the straight-line method. The Company periodically reviews the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed and adjusts the amortization period and pattern to match the estimate. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are recorded initially at fair value or cost and are tested annually for impairment.

Goodwill

GoodwillThe Company evaluates goodwill on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if management believes indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators could include, but are not limited to, (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If management concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, management performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative analysis is performed by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value is greater than the estimate of fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount in which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. The Company estimates the fair values of its reporting units using a combination of the income, or discounted cash flows, approach and the market approach, which utilizes comparable companies’ data.

Recoverability and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Recoverability and Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets (including definite-lived intangible assets) if events or changes in circumstances indicate the assets may be impaired. Evaluation of possible impairment is based on the Company’s ability to recover the asset from the expected future pretax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If the expected undiscounted pretax cash flows are less than the carrying amount of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying amount of the asset.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance CostsDebt issuance costs related to convertible senior notes are recorded as deductions that net against the principal value of the debt and are amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to term loans are recorded as direct deductions from the carrying amount of the term loan and are amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs relating to line of credit arrangements are recorded as assets and amortized over the term of the credit arrangement regardless of whether any outstanding borrowing existed. The term loan and line of credit were terminated in 2020 and all debt issuance costs were expensed accordingly.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging ActivitiesDerivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability and measured at fair value. Additionally, changes in the derivative’s fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures compensation expense for stock-based awards to employees, non-employee contracted physicians, and directors based upon the awards’ initial grant-date fair value. The estimated grant-date fair value of the award is recognized as expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a trinomial lattice model. This model is affected by the stock price on the date of the grant as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected term of the option, expected risk-free interest rate the expected volatility of common stock, and expected dividend yield, each of which is more fully described below. The assumptions for expected term and expected volatility are the two assumptions that significantly affect the grant date fair value.

Expected Term: The expected term of an option is the period of time that the option is expected to be outstanding. The average expected term is determined using a trinomial lattice simulation model.

Risk-free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate used in the trinomial lattice valuation method is based on the implied yield at the grant date of the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with an equivalent term to the stock-based award being valued. Where the expected term of a stock-based award does not correspond with the term for which a zero coupon interest rate is quoted, the Company uses the nearest interest rate from the available maturities.

Expected Stock Price Volatility: The Company uses its own historical weekly volatility because that is more reflective of market conditions.

Dividend Yield: Because the Company has never paid a dividend and does not expect to begin doing so in the foreseeable future, the Company assumed no dividend yield in valuing the stock-based awards.

Revenue Recognition

Clinical Services

The Company’s specialized diagnostic services are performed based on a written test requisition form or electronic equivalent. The performance obligation is satisfied and revenues are recognized at the point in time the diagnostic services have been performed and the results have been delivered to the ordering physician. These diagnostic services are billed to various payers, including Medicare, commercial insurance companies, other directly billed healthcare institutions such as hospitals and clinics, and individuals. Revenue is recorded for all payers based on the amount expected to be collected, which considers implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive based on negotiated discounts, historical collection experience and other anticipated adjustments, including anticipated payer denials. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 60 days of billing for commercial insurance, Medicare and other governmental and self-pay payers and within 60 to 90 days of billing for client payers.

Pharma Services

The Company’s Pharma Services segment generally enters into contracts with pharmaceutical and biotech customers as well as other Clinical Research Organizations (“CROs”) to provide research and clinical trial services ranging in duration from one month to several years. The Company records revenue on a unit-of-service basis based on number of units completed and the total expected contract value. The total expected contract value is estimated based on historical experience of total contracted units compared to realized units as well as known factors on a specific contract-by-contract basis. Certain contracts include upfront fees, final settlement amounts or billing milestones that may not align with the completion of performance obligations. The value of these upfront fees or final settlement amounts is recognized over time based on the number of units completed, which aligns with the progress of the Company towards fulfilling its obligations under the contract.

The Company also enters into other contracts, such as validation studies and informatics. Revenue for validation studies for which the sole deliverable may be a final report that is sent to sponsors at the completion of contracted activities, is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the final report to the sponsor. Informatics is the sale of de-identified data for which deliverables typically consist of retrospective records or prospective deliveries of data. Informatics revenue is recognized upon delivery of retrospective data or over time for prospective data feeds. Any contracts that contain multiple performance obligations and include both units-of-service and point in time deliverables are accounted for as separate performance obligations and revenue is recognized as previously disclosed. The Company negotiates billing schedules and payment terms on a contract-by-contract basis. While the contract terms generally provide for payments based on a unit-of-service arrangement, the billing schedules, payment terms and related cash payments may not align with the performance of services and, as such, may not correspond to revenue recognized in any given period.

Amounts collected for services provided in advance of revenue being recognized are deferred as contract liabilities. The associated revenue is recognized and the contract liability is reduced as the contracted services are subsequently recognized. Contract assets are established for revenue that has been recognized but not yet billed. These contract assets are reduced once the customer is invoiced and a corresponding account receivable is recorded. Additionally, certain costs to obtain contracts, primarily for sales commissions, are capitalized when incurred and are amortized over the term of the contract. Amounts capitalized for contracts with an initial contract term of twelve months or less are classified as current assets and all others are classified as non-current assets. Contract assets are included in other current assets and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.Most contracts are terminable by the customer, either immediately or according to advance notice terms specified within the contracts. All contracts require payment of fees to the Company for services rendered through the date of termination and may require payment for subsequent services necessary to conclude the study or close out the contract.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of RevenueCost of revenue includes payroll and payroll related costs for performing tests, depreciation of laboratory equipment, rent for laboratory facilities, laboratory reagents, probes and supplies, and delivery and courier costs relating to the transportation of specimens to be tested. These expenses related to shipping specimens to the facilities for testing, includes costs incurred for contract couriers, commercial airline flights and FedEx Corporation charges. The Company also incurs expenses returning samples and slides to its customers.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist of payroll and payroll related costs for our billing, finance, human resources, information technology and other administrative personnel as well as stock-based compensation. The Company also allocates professional services, facilities expense, IT infrastructure costs, depreciation, amortization and other administrative-related costs to general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development

Research and Development Expenses

R&D costs are expensed as incurred. R&D expenses consist of payroll and payroll related costs, laboratory supplies, and costs for samples to complete validation studies. These expenses are primarily incurred to develop new genetic tests.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses are primarily attributable to employee-related costs including sales management, sales representatives, sales and marketing consultants and marketing and customer service personnel. Advertising costs are expensed at the time they are incurred and are deemed immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Also, the effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Temporary differences between financial and tax reporting arise primarily from the use of different depreciation methods and lives for property and equipment, recognition of bad debts, compensation related expenses and various other expenses that have been allowed for or accrued for financial statement purposes but are not currently deductible for income tax purposes.

The provision for income taxes, including the effective tax rate and analysis of potential tax exposure items, if any, requires significant judgment and expertise in federal and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and any estimated valuation allowances deemed necessary to recognize deferred tax assets at an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in its tax returns, and records a liability for uncertain tax positions, if deemed necessary. The Company follows a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. First, tax positions are recognized if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, the tax position is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2020 the Company had an uncertain tax position related to Federal and State R&D tax credits, including a provision for interest and penalties related to such position. At December 31, 2019, the Company had an insignificant amount on its Consolidated Balance Sheets related to uncertain tax positions. At

December 31, 2018, the Company had an uncertain tax position related to the deductibility of certain accrued compensation. The Company does not expect a significant change in its uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months.

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Net Income per Common Share

The Company has adopted the two class method of calculating earnings per share, due to the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock in December 2015. Under this method, when the Company has a net loss the Company will not allocate the net loss to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (participating shareholders) as they do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Under this method, when the Company has net income, the Company will compute net income per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period plus the weighted average number of preferred shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of potential common stock. Potential common stock consists of shares issuable pursuant to stock options and convertible notes as well as nonvested restricted stock awards which are not considered outstanding with respect to the weighted average common shares outstanding in the calculation of basic net income per share. Potentially dilutive shares are determined by applying the treasury stock method to the Company's outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards. Potentially dilutive shares issuable upon conversion of the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 are calculated using the if-converted method.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which changes the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The implementation costs should be presented accordingly as other assets, current and non-current on the balance sheet and expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Under the new guidance, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, or valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. However, public companies are required to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and related changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”). The new guidance requires that the reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows include cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. ASU 2016-08 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods, using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. As a result, restricted cash of $21.9 million as of December 31, 2020 is included in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. See Note 5. Leases, for additional information regarding the use of restricted cash. There were no restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2018-19 (issued November 2018), 2019-04 (issued April 2019), 2019-05 (issued May 2019), 2019-11 (issued November 2019), 2020-02 (issued February 2020) and 2020-03 (issued March 2020) (“ASU 2016-13”) which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The standard was effective January 1, 2020 and requires the use of forward-looking expected credit loss models based on historical experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount, which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses under the new standard. It also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The standard required a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2020. Based on management’s analysis, upon adoption ASU 2016-13 is applicable to the Company’s trade receivables as well as contract assets recognized within the Pharma Services segment. An assessment was performed on historical trends, current economic conditions, supportable forecasts, and customer and credit risks. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not result in a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”) which provides for temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on certain contract modifications and hedging relationships to ease the burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or other reference rates to alternative reference rates. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2021-01”) to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions apply to modifications of derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest. ASU 2020-04 is effective beginning on March 12, 2020 and may be applied prospectively to such transactions through December 31, 2022 and ASU 2021-01 is effective beginning on January 7, 2021 and may be applied retrospectively or prospectively to such transactions through December 31, 2022. The Company will evaluate transactions or contract modifications occurring as a result of reference rate reform and determine whether to apply the optional guidance on an ongoing basis. As of December 31, 2020, there was no impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements related to ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, Codification Improvements, which updates various codification topics by clarifying disclosure requirements to align with the SEC's regulations. The Company will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) - Accounting For Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such convertible debt instruments. Similarly, the debt discount, that is equal to the carrying value of the embedded conversion feature upon issuance, will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible instrument was issued at a substantial premium. In addition, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2020-06 can be adopted on either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach, and accordingly the Company will record an adjustment that reflects the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 as if the embedded conversion feature had not been separated. The estimated impact upon adoption on January 1, 2021 on the Consolidated Balance Sheets will include an increase of approximately $27 million in convertible senior notes, net, a write-off of approximately $7 million in deferred tax liabilities, and a decrease of approximately $23 million in additional paid-in capital. In addition, upon adoption on January 1, 2021, there will be an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for previously recognized interest expense, net of tax effects, of approximately $3 million for amortization of debt discount related to the carrying value of the embedded conversion feature upon issuance. Subsequently, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is expected to reduce reported interest expense and, correspondingly, increase reported net income.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (“Topic 321”), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“Topic 323”) and Derivatives and Hedging (“Topic 815”) (collectively, “ASU 2020-01”). ASU 2020-01 clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for the equity method investments in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. ASU 2020-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-01 on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“Topic 740”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within Topic 740 and clarifies certain other aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2021 and the impact of the provisions of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements is expected to be immaterial.