Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

4. FAIR VALUE

In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, financial instruments were measured at fair value using a three-level hierarchy which maximizes use of observable inputs and minimizes use of unobservable inputs:

● Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. This methodology applies to our Level 1 investments, which are composed of money market funds.

● Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments that are directly or indirectly observable in the market. This methodology applies to our Level 2 investments, which are composed of corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and U.S. government debt securities.

● Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity. Financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, for which determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. This methodology applies to our Level 3 financial instruments, which are composed of contingent consideration.

Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There were no transfers within the hierarchy for any of the periods presented.

In connection with the offering of Units in September 2017 (see Note 10), the Company issued Series F Preferred Shares and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 322,727 shares of common stock. The Series F Preferred Shares contained an embedded conversion feature that was not clearly and closely related to the identified host instrument and, as such, was recognized as a derivative liability measured at fair value. The Company classified these derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet as a current liability. The warrants were exercisable at $30.00 per share and expire in two years. The warrants were liabilities pursuant to ASC 815. The warrant agreement provided for an adjustment to the number of common shares issuable under the warrant or adjustment to the exercise price, including but not limited to, if: (a) the Company issues shares of common stock as a dividend or distribution to holders of its common stock; (b) the Company subdivides or combines its common stock (i.e., stock split); or (c) the Company issues new securities for consideration less than the exercise price. Under ASC 815, warrants that provide for down-round exercise price protection are recognized as derivative liabilities.

As discussed in Note 10, both the warrants and the Series F Preferred Shares were exchanged for common stock on March 6, 2018.

The fair value of the bifurcated embedded conversion feature was estimated to be approximately $7.2 million at March 5, 2018, as calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

	Series F Conversion Feature
	March 5, 2018
Stock price	$	20.05
Exercise price	$	27.50
Risk-free rate		2.2	%
Volatility		88.2	%
Term		1.5

The fair value of the warrant liability was estimated to be approximately $2.5 million at March 5, 2018 as calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

	Warrant Liability
	March 5, 2018
Stock price	$	20.05
Exercise price	$	30.00
Risk-free rate		2.2	%
Volatility		88.2	%
Term		1.5

The following table sets forth the changes in the estimated fair value for our Level 3 classified derivative liabilities (in thousands):

	2017 Series F Preferred Stock – Warrant Liability			2017 Series F Preferred Stock – Embedded Derivative			Total Warrant and Derivative Liability
Fair value – December 31, 2017	$	3,388		$	8,150		$	11,538
Change in fair value		(863	)		(987	)		(1,850	)
Exchange / conversion to common shares		(2,525	)		(7,163	)		(9,688	)
Fair value – June 30, 2018	$	–		$	–		$	–

The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurement as of June 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds	$	37	$	–	$	–	$	37
Commercial paper		–		19,984		–		19,984
Corporate debt securities		–		12,342		–		12,342
U.S. government debt securities		–		8,105		–		8,105
Total	$	37	$	40,431	$	–	$	40,468
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	–	$	–	$	135	$	135
Total	$	–	$	–	$	135	$	135

	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds	$	7	$	–	$	–	$	7
Commercial paper		–		21,392		–		21,392
Corporate debt securities		–		5,448		–		5,448
U.S. government debt securities		–		3,226		–		3,226
Total	$	7	$	30,066	$	–	$	30,073
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	–	$	–	$	261	$	261
Total	$	–	$	–	$	261	$	261

In May 2018, the Company purchased the assets of a preclinical research sciences business and related real estate from Ibex Group, L.L.C., a Utah limited liability company, and Ibex Preclinical Research, Inc., a Utah corporation (collectively, “IBEX”). The aggregate purchase price was $3.8 million, of which $2.3 million was paid at closing and the balance satisfied by a promissory note payable to IBEX with an initial fair value of $1.2 million and contingent consideration with an initial fair value of $0.3 million

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of future payments due to the Seller of IBEX based on IBEX’s revenue generated from studies quoted prior to but completed after the transaction. Contingent consideration was initially recognized at fair value as purchase consideration and is subsequently remeasured at fair value through earnings. The initial fair value of the contingent consideration was based on the present value of estimated future cash flows using a 20% discount rate. The contingent consideration is the payment of 15% of the actual revenues received for work on any study initiated within 18 months following the closing of the purchase on the basis of certain specific customer prospects that received service proposals prior to the closing, provided that the total payments will not exceed $650,000. Adjustments to the fair value of the contingent consideration liability is included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following table sets forth the changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent consideration liability (in thousands) which is included in other current liabilities:

	Contingent Consideration
Fair value – December 31, 2018	$	261
Change in fair value		(48	)
Earned and paid		(78	)
Fair value – June 30, 2019	$	135