0000932471-16-012631.txt : 20160225 0000932471-16-012631.hdr.sgml : 20160225 20160224173533 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000932471-16-012631 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 485BPOS PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 54 FILED AS OF DATE: 20160225 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20160224 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20160225 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000107606 IRS NUMBER: 510082711 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 002-14336 FILM NUMBER: 161453110 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 BUSINESS PHONE: 6106691000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20011121 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD/WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19931203 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000107606 IRS NUMBER: 510082711 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-00834 FILM NUMBER: 161453111 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 BUSINESS PHONE: 6106691000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20011121 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD/WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19931203 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 0000107606 S000004417 Vanguard Windsor Fund C000012178 Investor Shares VWNDX C000012179 Admiral Shares VWNEX 0000107606 S000004418 Vanguard Windsor II Fund C000012180 Investor Shares VWNFX C000012181 Admiral Shares VWNAX 485BPOS 1 windsor485bfinal.htm WINDSOR 485B FILING windsor485bfinal.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
Form N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 2-14336)  
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]
Pre-Effective Amendment No. [ ]
Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 [X]
and
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 811-00834) UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT
OF 1940    
Amendment No. 131 [X]
 
 
VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)
 
P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
 
Registrant’s Telephone Number (610) 669-1000
 
Heidi Stam, Esquire
P.O. Box 876
Valley Forge, PA 19482
 
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:  
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)  
[ ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)  
[X] on February 25, 2016 pursuant to paragraph (b)  
[ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)  
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)  
[ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)  
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485  
If appropriate, check the following box:  
[ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a
  previously filed post-effective amendment.  

 


Vanguard WindsorFund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Investor Shares & Admiral™ Shares
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares (VWNDX)
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares (VWNEX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Investing With Vanguard 23
More on the Fund 6 Purchasing Shares 23
The Fund and Vanguard 13 Converting Shares 26
Investment Advisors 14 Redeeming Shares 27
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 16 Exchanging Shares 31
Share Price 18 Frequent-Trading Limitations 31
Financial Highlights 20 Other Rules You Should Know 33
    Fund and Account Updates 38
    Contacting Vanguard 39
    Additional Information 40
    Glossary of Investment Terms 41

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares or Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees    
(Fees paid directly from your investment)    
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None None
Purchase Fee None None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None None
Redemption Fee None None
Account Service Fee (for certain fund account balances below $20/year $20/year
$10,000)    
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Management Fees 0.37% 0.28%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None None
Other Expenses 0.02% 0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.39% 0.29%

 

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares or Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Investor Shares $40 $125 $219 $493
Admiral Shares $30 $93 $163 $368

 

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 28% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.93% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.60% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares      
Return Before Taxes –3.32% 11.27% 6.01%
Return After Taxes on Distributions –5.10 10.38 5.13
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares –0.36 9.00 4.85
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares      
Return Before Taxes –3.24% 11.37% 6.12%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%

 

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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisors

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena)

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Portfolio Managers

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 1110, Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares or Admiral Shares is $3,000 or $50,000, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares.

4


 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

5


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

The Fund offers two separate classes of shares: Investor Shares and Admiral Shares.

Both share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment performances will differ.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund’s expense ratios would be as follows:
for Investor Shares, 0.39%, or $3.90 per $1,000 of average net assets; for
Admiral Shares, 0.29%, or $2.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for multi-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.18%, or $11.80 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters
Company, which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $32 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

7


 

The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund‘s. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

8


 

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the advisor believes are undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena) utilizes a fundamental, bottom-up, deep-value-oriented investment strategy. Pzena seeks to buy good businesses at low prices, focusing exclusively on companies that are underperforming their historically demonstrated earnings power.

Pzena conducts intensive fundamental research, investing in companies only when all three of the following criteria are generally met: (1) the company’s identified problems, if any, are temporary; (2) the company’s management has a viable strategy to generate a recovery in earnings; and (3) there is meaningful downside protection in case the earnings recovery does not materialize.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

9


 

The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested

10


 

in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-

11


 

Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days (60 calendar days for participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

12


 

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

13


 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Pzena Investment Management, LLC, 320 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY

10022, is a global investment management firm founded in 1995. Pzena focuses exclusively on a deep value investment approach. The members of the firm’s executive committee and other employees collectively own a majority of the firm. As of October 31, 2015, Pzena managed approximately $25.5 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Delaware limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 80 years. Wellington Management is owned by the partners of Wellington Management Group LLP, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership. As of October 31, 2015, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $898 billion in client assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Pzena) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

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Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1984, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1979, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.A., Wheaton College; M.B.A., the Kellogg School at Northwestern University.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1999, has been with Pzena since 2001, has managed investment portfolios since 2006, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015. Education: B.S., Yeshiva University.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985, has managed investment portfolios since 1997, and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

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Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or
long-term, depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less
or for more than one year.

 

Basic Tax Points

Vanguard will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions. In addition, investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund‘s normal investment activities and cash flows.

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  • A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have
  • capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you

complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend
 
Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as an
IRA), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before the
fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is
known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,
buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on
December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You
still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares
x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you
received—even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check
a fund’s distribution schedule before you invest.

 

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General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 28% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

  • Provide us with your correct taxpayer identification number.
  • Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.
  • Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Foreign investors. Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the Non-U.S. Investors page on our website at vanguard.com for information on Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Invalid addresses. If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the

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NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in each table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund‘s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Tables
 
This explanation uses the Fund’s Investor Shares as an example. The
Investor Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price) of
$21.98 per share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.356 from
investment income (interest and dividends) and $0.026 from investments that
had appreciated in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid
for them.
 
Shareholders received $1.302 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior
year’s income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $21.06, reflecting earnings of $0.382
per share and distributions of $1.302 per share. This was a decrease of $0.92 per
share (from $21.98 at the beginning of the year to $21.06 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.76% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Investor Shares had approximately $5.4 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.39% ($3.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.64% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 28% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $21.98 $19.50 $14.66 $12.92 $12.56
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .356 1 .279 .255 .252 .184
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .026 2.467 4.839 1.729 .346
Total from Investment Operations .382 2.746 5.094 1.981 .530
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.339) (.266) (.254) (.241) (.170)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (.963)
Total Distributions (1.302) (.266) (.254) (.241) (.170)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $21.06 $21.98 $19.50 $14.66 $12.92
Total Return2 1.76% 14.14% 35.17% 15.56% 4.15%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $5,379 $7,179 $7,126 $6,711 $6,736
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets3 0.39% 0.38% 0.37% 0.35% 0.39%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 1.64%1 1.33% 1.49% 1.80% 1.34%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 28% 38% 40% 68% 49%
1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.052 and 0.24%,
respectively, resulting from income received from Covidien Ltd. in January 2015.      
2 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.    
3 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.02%, (0.01%), and 0.03%.

 

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Windsor Fund Admiral Shares          
 
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $74.17 $65.81 $49.47 $43.59 $42.37
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.2911 1.016 .924 .900 .664
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .062 8.314 16.329 5.844 1.171
Total from Investment Operations 1.353 9.330 17.253 6.744 1.835
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (1.235) (.970) (.913) (.864) (.615)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (3.248)
Total Distributions (4.483) (.970) (.913) (.864) (.615)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $71.04 $74.17 $65.81 $49.47 $43.59
Total Return2 1.85% 14.24% 35.32% 15.71% 4.26%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $12,206 $10,884 $9,144 $5,795 $4,994
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets3 0.29% 0.28% 0.27% 0.25% 0.29%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 1.74%1 1.43% 1.59% 1.90% 1.44%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 28% 38% 40% 68% 49%
1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.177 and 0.24%,
respectively, resulting from income received from Covidien Ltd. in January 2015.      
2 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.    
3 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.02%, (0.01%), and 0.03%.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held through a Vanguard brokerage account), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See

Contacting Vanguard.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Investor Shares To open and maintain an account. $3,000.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $50,000. If you request Admiral Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Admiral Shares, your investment will be placed in Investor Shares of the Fund. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

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How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See

Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement), with a deposit slip (available online), or with a written request. You may also send a written request to Vanguard to make an exchange. For a list of Vanguard addresses, see Contacting Vanguard.

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan) or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check or by utilizing our mobile application if you are registered for online access. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See

Exchanging Shares.

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Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the net asset value (NAV) as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a business day).

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer (not using an Automatic Investment Plan) into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

For purchases by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Investment Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account. Your bank account generally will be debited on the business day after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your bank account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account falls on the last business day of the year, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you select the first of the month for automated withdrawals from your designated bank account, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

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Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans, and Vanguard retail-serviced Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse “starter checks” and checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

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Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For a conversion request received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions From Investor Shares to Admiral Shares

Self-directed conversions. If your account balance in the Fund is at least $50,000, you may ask Vanguard to convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them. See Contacting Vanguard.

Automatic conversions. Vanguard conducts periodic reviews of account balances and may, if your account balance in the Fund exceeds $50,000, automatically convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You will be notified before an automatic conversion occurs and will have an opportunity to instruct Vanguard not to effect the conversion. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Mandatory Conversions to Investor Shares

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for Admiral Shares, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to Investor Shares. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

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By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a written request to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan) or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time

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(2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds (redemption of shares) from your Vanguard account. Proceeds of redeemed shares generally will be credited to your designated bank account two business days after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on the last day of the year and if that date is a holiday, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you designate the first of the month for automated withdrawals, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer not using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

29


 

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Share certificates. Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail. For the correct address, see Contacting Vanguard.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

30


 

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days (60 calendar days for participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

31


 

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, and Vanguard Small Business Online®.

Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Asset Management Services, Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, and Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transaction requests submitted by mail to Vanguard from shareholders who hold their accounts directly with Vanguard or through a Vanguard brokerage account. (Transaction requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.



 

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

33


 

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Tele-Account®. To obtain fund and account information through Vanguard’s automated telephone service, you must first establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) by calling Tele-Account at 800-662-6273.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

34


 

Written instructions also must generally include:

An original signature and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction.

(Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Written instructions are acceptable when a Vanguard form is not applicable. The requirements vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and

Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses because of fraud if we reasonably believe that the person transacting business on an account is authorized to do so. Please take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account information private, and immediately review any account statements or other information that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately about any transactions or changes to your account that you believe to be unauthorized.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

35


 

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request by regular or express mail. See Contacting Vanguard for addresses.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

Please see Frequent-Trading LimitationsAccounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard charges a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee applies to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and will be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from a fund account only once per calendar year.

If you register on vanguard.com and elect to receive electronic delivery of statements, reports, and other materials for all of your fund accounts, the account service fee for balances below $10,000 will not be charged, so long as that election remains in effect.

The account service fee also does not apply to the following:

• Money market sweep accounts owned in connection with a Vanguard Brokerage Services® account.

• Accounts held through intermediaries.

• Accounts held by institutional clients.

• Accounts held by Voyager, Voyager Select, Flagship, and Flagship Select clients.

Eligibility is based on total household assets held at Vanguard, with a minimum of $50,000 to qualify for Vanguard Voyager Services®, $500,000 for Vanguard Voyager Select Services®, $1 million for Vanguard Flagship Services®, and $10 million for Vanguard Flagship Select Services. Vanguard determines eligibility by aggregating assets of all qualifying accounts held by the investor and immediate family members who reside at the same address. Aggregate assets include investments in Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs®, certain annuities through Vanguard, the Vanguard 529 Plan, and certain small-business accounts. Assets in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which Vanguard provides recordkeeping services may be included in

36


 

determining eligibility if the investor also has a personal account holding Vanguard mutual funds. Note that assets held in a Vanguard Brokerage Services account (other than Vanguard funds, including Vanguard ETFs) are not included when determining a household’s eligibility.

• Participant accounts in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.* Please consult your enrollment materials for the rules that apply to your account.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

* The following Vanguard fund accounts have alternative fee structures: SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

37


 

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. If you prefer, you may request to receive monthly portfolio summaries. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, we are required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) tax forms for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view these forms through our website. Vanguard may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Annual and Semiannual Reports

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Windsor Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Reports from the advisors.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

38


 

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Contacting Vanguard  
 
 
Web  
Vanguard.com For the most complete source of Vanguard news
  For fund, account, and service information
  For most account transactions
  For literature requests
  24 hours a day, 7 days a week
 
Phone  
Vanguard Tele-Account® 800-662-6273 For automated fund and account information
  Toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Investor Information 800-662-7447 For fund and service information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For literature requests
impairment at 800-749-7273)  
Client Services 800-662-2739 For account information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For most account transactions
impairment at 800-749-7273)  
Institutional Division For information and services for large institutional investors
888-809-8102  
Financial Advisor and Intermediary For information and services for financial intermediaries
Sales Support 800-997-2798 including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions,
  and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary For account information and trading support for financial
Trading Support 800-669-0498 intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers,
  trust institutions, and insurance companies

 

39


 

Vanguard Addresses

Please be sure to use the correct address. Use of an incorrect address could delay the processing of your transaction.

Regular Mail (Individuals)   The Vanguard Group    
    P.O. Box 1110    
    Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110  
Regular Mail (Institutions and Intermediaries) The Vanguard Group    
    P.O. Box 2900    
    Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900  
Registered, Express, or Overnight Mail The Vanguard Group    
    455 Devon Park Drive    
    Wayne, PA 19087-1815    
 
 
Additional Information          
 
 
 
  Inception Suitable Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Date for IRAs Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund          
Investor Shares 10/23/1958 Yes Wndsr 22 922018106
Admiral Shares 11/12/2001 Yes WndsrAdml 5022 922018403

 

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

40


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

41


 

P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group

Investor Information Department P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600 Telephone: 800-662-7447

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department Telephone: 800-662-2739

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
P 022 022016

 


Vanguard WindsorFund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Investor Shares for Participants
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares (VWNDX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 17
More on the Fund 5 Investing With Vanguard 19
The Fund and Vanguard 12 Accessing Fund Information Online 23
Investment Advisors 13 Glossary of Investment Terms 24
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 14    
Share Price 15    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses  
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
 
Management Fees 0.37%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.39%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$40 $125 $219 $493

 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 28% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Investor Shares compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.93% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.60% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares –3.32% 11.27% 6.01%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees or expenses) –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%

 

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Investment Advisors

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena)

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Portfolio Managers

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Investor Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by visiting our website at vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares’ expense ratio would
be 0.39%, or $3.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio
for multi-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.18%, or $11.80 per $1,000 of average net
assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company,
which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $32 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

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The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

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Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the advisor believes are undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena) utilizes a fundamental, bottom-up, deep-value-oriented investment strategy. Pzena seeks to buy good businesses at low prices, focusing exclusively on companies that are underperforming their historically demonstrated earnings power.

Pzena conducts intensive fundamental research, investing in companies only when all three of the following criteria are generally met: (1) the company’s identified problems, if any, are temporary; (2) the company’s management has a viable strategy to generate a recovery in earnings; and (3) there is meaningful downside protection in case the earnings recovery does not materialize.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

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The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

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Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

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Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of

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its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

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Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Pzena Investment Management, LLC, 320 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY

10022, is a global investment management firm founded in 1995. Pzena focuses exclusively on a deep value investment approach. The members of the firm’s executive committee and other employees collectively own a majority of the firm. As of October 31, 2015, Pzena managed approximately $25.5 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Delaware limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 80 years. Wellington Management is owned by the partners of Wellington Management Group LLP, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership. As of October 31, 2015, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $898 billion in client assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Pzena) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees

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that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1984, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1979, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.A., Wheaton College; M.B.A., the Kellogg School at Northwestern University.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1999, has been with Pzena since 2001, has managed investment portfolios since 2006, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015. Education: B.S., Yeshiva University.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985, has managed investment portfolios since 1997, and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

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Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of

15


 

the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Investor Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Investor Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Investor Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Investor Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price)
of $21.98 per share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.356 from
investment income (interest and dividends) and $0.026 from investments that
had appreciated in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid
for them.
 
Shareholders received $1.302 per share in the form of dividend and capital
gainsdistributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior
year’s income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $21.06, reflecting earnings of $0.382
per share and distributions of $1.302 per share. This was a decrease of $0.92 per
share (from $21.98 at the beginning of the year to $21.06 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.76% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Investor Shares had approximately $5.4 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.39% ($3.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.64% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 28% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $21.98 $19.50 $14.66 $12.92 $12.56
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .356 1 .279 .255 .252 .184
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .026 2.467 4.839 1.729 .346
Total from Investment Operations .382 2.746 5.094 1.981 .530
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.339) (.266) (.254) (.241) (.170)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (.963)
Total Distributions (1.302) (.266) (.254) (.241) (.170)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $21.06 $21.98 $19.50 $14.66 $12.92
Total Return 1.76% 14.14% 35.17% 15.56% 4.15%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $5,379 $7,179 $7,126 $6,711 $6,736
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.39% 0.38% 0.37% 0.35% 0.39%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 1.64%1 1.33% 1.49% 1.80% 1.34%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 28% 38% 40% 68% 49%
1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.052 and 0.24%,
respectively, resulting from income received from Covidien Ltd. in January 2015.      
2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.02%, (0.01%), and 0.03%.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or the allocation of your contributions among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, an exchange, or a redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received or, if funded via ACH, credited to your account.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined net asset value (NAV) of the Fund‘s Investor Shares. If your transaction request is received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

19


 

Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund), you must wait 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Before making an exchange into another fund, it is important to read that fund’s prospectus. To obtain a copy, please contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will

20


 

investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

No Cancellations

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a Caller’s Authority

We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

21


 

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Additional Information        
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund        
Investor Shares 10/23/1958 Wndsr 22 922018106

 

22


 

Accessing Fund Information Online

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

23


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

24


 

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
I 022 022016

 


Vanguard WindsorFund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Admiral™ Shares for Participants
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares (VWNEX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 17
More on the Fund 5 Investing With Vanguard 19
The Fund and Vanguard 12 Accessing Fund Information Online 23
Investment Advisors 12 Glossary of Investment Terms 24
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 14    
Share Price 15    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses  
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
 
Management Fees 0.28%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.29%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$30 $93 $163 $368

 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 28% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 19.01% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.54% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares –3.24% 11.37% 6.12%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees or expenses) –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%

 

3


 

Investment Advisors

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena)

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Portfolio Managers

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

4


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Admiral Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by visiting our website at vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would
be 0.29%, or $2.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio
for multi-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.18%, or $11.80 per $1,000 of average net
assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company,
which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

5


 

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $32 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

6


 

The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

7


 

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the advisor believes are undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena) utilizes a fundamental, bottom-up, deep-value-oriented investment strategy. Pzena seeks to buy good businesses at low prices, focusing exclusively on companies that are underperforming their historically demonstrated earnings power.

Pzena conducts intensive fundamental research, investing in companies only when all three of the following criteria are generally met: (1) the company’s identified problems, if any, are temporary; (2) the company’s management has a viable strategy to generate a recovery in earnings; and (3) there is meaningful downside protection in case the earnings recovery does not materialize.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

8


 

The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

9


 

Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities

10


 

Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

11


 

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the

12


 

proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Pzena Investment Management, LLC, 320 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY

10022, is a global investment management firm founded in 1995. Pzena focuses exclusively on a deep value investment approach. The members of the firm’s executive committee and other employees collectively own a majority of the firm. As of October 31, 2015, Pzena managed approximately $25.5 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Delaware limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 80 years. Wellington Management is owned by the partners of Wellington Management Group LLP, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership. As of October 31, 2015, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $898 billion in client assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Pzena) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

13


 

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Richard Pzena, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1984, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

John P. Goetz, Managing Principal and co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1979, has managed investment portfolios for Pzena since 1996, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.A., Wheaton College; M.B.A., the Kellogg School at Northwestern University.

Benjamin S. Silver, CFA, CPA, Principal, co-Director of Research, and Portfolio Manager at Pzena. He has worked in investment management since 1999, has been with Pzena since 2001, has managed investment portfolios since 2006, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2015. Education: B.S., Yeshiva University.

James N. Mordy, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager at Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985, has managed investment portfolios since 1997, and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals

14


 

from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This

15


 

most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

16


 

Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Admiral Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Admiral Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Admiral Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Admiral Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price)
of $74.17 per share. During the year, each Admiral Share earned $1.291 from
investment income (interest and dividends) and $0.062 from investments that
had appreciated in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid
for them.
 
Shareholders received $4.483 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s
income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $71.04, reflecting earnings of $1.353
per share and distributions of $4.483 per share. This was a decrease of $3.13 per
share (from $74.17 at the beginning of the year to $71.04 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.85% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Admiral Shares had approximately $12.2 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.29% ($2.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.74% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 28% of its net assets.

 

17


 

Windsor Fund Admiral Shares          
 
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $74.17 $65.81 $49.47 $43.59 $42.37
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.2911 1.016 .924 .900 .664
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .062 8.314 16.329 5.844 1.171
Total from Investment Operations 1.353 9.330 17.253 6.744 1.835
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (1.235) (.970) (.913) (.864) (.615)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (3.248)
Total Distributions (4.483) (.970) (.913) (.864) (.615)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $71.04 $74.17 $65.81 $49.47 $43.59
Total Return 1.85% 14.24% 35.32% 15.71% 4.26%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $12,206 $10,884 $9,144 $5,795 $4,994
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.29% 0.28% 0.27% 0.25% 0.29%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 1.74%1 1.43% 1.59% 1.90% 1.44%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 28% 38% 40% 68% 49%
1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.177 and 0.24%,
respectively, resulting from income received from Covidien Ltd. in January 2015.      
2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, 0.03%, 0.02%, (0.01%), and 0.03%.

 

18


 

Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or the allocation of your contributions among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, an exchange, or a redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received or, if funded via ACH, credited to your account.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined net asset value (NAV) of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares. If your transaction request is received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

19


 

Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund), you must wait 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Before making an exchange into another fund, it is important to read that fund’s prospectus. To obtain a copy, please contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will

20


 

investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

No Cancellations

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a Caller’s Authority

We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

21


 

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Additional Information        
 
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund        
Admiral Shares 11/12/2001 WndsrAdml 5022 922018403
  (Investor Shares      
10/23/1958)

 

22


 

Accessing Fund Information Online

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

23


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

24


 

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
I 5022 022016

 


Vanguard WindsorII Fund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Investor Shares & Admiral™ Shares
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares (VWNFX)
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares (VWNAX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Investing With Vanguard 24
More on the Fund 6 Purchasing Shares 24
The Fund and Vanguard 14 Converting Shares 27
Investment Advisors 14 Redeeming Shares 28
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17 Exchanging Shares 32
Share Price 19 Frequent-Trading Limitations 32
Financial Highlights 21 Other Rules You Should Know 34
    Fund and Account Updates 39
    Contacting Vanguard 40
    Additional Information 41
    Glossary of Investment Terms 42

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares or Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees    
(Fees paid directly from your investment)    
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None None
Purchase Fee None None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None None
Redemption Fee None None
Account Service Fee (for certain fund account balances below $20/year $20/year
$10,000)    
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Management Fees 0.32% 0.24%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None None
Other Expenses 0.02% 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.34% 0.26%

 

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares or Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Investor Shares $35 $109 $191 $431
Admiral Shares $27 $84 $146 $331

 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 26% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 17.78% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.62% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares      
Return Before Taxes –3.22% 11.00% 6.13%
Return After Taxes on Distributions –4.95 9.73 5.06
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares –0.45 8.73 4.91
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares      
Return Before Taxes –3.14% 11.09% 6.22%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)      
Russell 1000 Value Index –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%
Standard & Poor's 500 Index 1.38 12.57 7.31

 

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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisors

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

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Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 1110, Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares or Admiral Shares is $3,000 or $50,000, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

The Fund offers two separate classes of shares: Investor Shares and Admiral Shares.

Both share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment performances will differ.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund’s expense ratios would be as
follows: for Investor Shares, 0.34%, or $3.40 per $1,000 of average net assets;
for Admiral Shares, 0.26%, or $2.60 per $1,000 of average net assets. The
average expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.13%, or $11.30 per
$1,000 of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson
Reuters Company, which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $65.8 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

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The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

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Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) invests mainly in large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with an analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) constructs a diversified portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of the relative return potential of the securities. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer an appropriate balance between strong growth prospects and reasonable valuations relative to their industry peers. Vanguard manages the portfolio through the use of a quantitative process to evaluate all of the securities in the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index, while seeking to maintain a risk profile similar to that of the Index. This process was developed by a team of Vanguard researchers and is continually evolving. All potential enhancements to the process go through rigorous peer vetting and validation before being implemented. A team of portfolio managers utilizes the resulting process to determine which securities to buy and sell in the portfolio.

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The Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund‘s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date.

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Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

Vanguard administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning

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assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally

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prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days (60 calendar days for participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income.

 

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The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2015, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $88 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2015, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $28.8 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2015, Lazard managed approximately $165 billion in assets.

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• Sanders Capital, LLC, 390 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2015, Sanders managed approximately $16.1 billion in assets.

• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Quantitative Equity Group. As of October 31, 2015, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $2.5 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.14% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.02%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1997; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2002; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., University of Texas.

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David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1996; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2004; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., Southern Methodist University.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988, has managed investment portfolios since 2001, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968, has managed investment portfolios since 1981, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982, has worked in investment management since 1996, has managed investment portfolios since 2003, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has managed investment portfolios and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S., University of Scranton; M.S., Boston College; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

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Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has oversight responsibility for the quantitative research team and develops portfolio strategies for equity and alternative asset classes. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S. and M.S., Tsinghua University, China; Ph.D. and M.Phil., Yale University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or
long-term, depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less
or for more than one year.

 

Basic Tax Points

Vanguard will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions. In addition, investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

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• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund‘s normal investment activities and cash flows.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend
 
Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as an
IRA), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before the
fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is
known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,
buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on
December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You
still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares
x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you
received—even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check
a fund’s distribution schedule before you invest.

 

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General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 28% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

  • Provide us with your correct taxpayer identification number.
  • Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.
  • Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Foreign investors. Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the Non-U.S. Investors page on our website at vanguard.com for information on Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Invalid addresses. If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the

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NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in each table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund‘s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Tables
 
This explanation uses the Fund’s Investor Shares as an example. The Investor
Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price) of $39.59 per
share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.809 from investment
income (interest and dividends). There was a decline of $0.229 per share in the
value of investments held or sold by the Fund, resulting in a net gain of $0.58 per
share from investment operations.
 
Shareholders received $3.44 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior
year’s income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $36.73, reflecting earnings of $0.58
per share and distributions of $3.44 per share. This was a decrease of $2.86 per
share (from $39.59 at the beginning of the year to $36.73 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.57% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Investor Shares had approximately $15.4 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.34% ($3.40 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.12% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 26% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor II Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $39.59 $36.19 $29.33 $25.68 $24.37
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .809 .868 .740 .644 .557
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments (.229) 4.167 6.842 3.627 1.276
Total from Investment Operations .580 5.035 7.582 4.271 1.833
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.827) (.838) (.722) (.621) (.523)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (2.613) (.797)
Total Distributions (3.440) (1.635) (.722) (.621) (.523)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $36.73 $39.59 $36.19 $29.33 $25.68
Total Return1 1.57% 14.36% 26.26% 16.90% 7.48%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $15,397 $17,312 $18,034 $18,255 $19,010
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.34% 0.36% 0.36% 0.35% 0.35%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 2.12% 2.28% 2.25% 2.30% 2.11%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 26% 27% 27% 22% 23%
1 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.    
2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.02%), 0.00%, (0.01%), (0.02%), and (0.01%).

 

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Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $70.27 $64.23 $52.06 $45.59 $43.26
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.492 1.601 1.366 1.188 1.025
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments (.401) 7.398 12.134 6.424 2.264
Total from Investment Operations 1.091 8.999 13.500 7.612 3.289
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (1.525) (1.545) (1.330) (1.142) (.959)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (4.636) (1.414)
Total Distributions (6.161) (2.959) (1.330) (1.142) (.959)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $65.20 $70.27 $64.23 $52.06 $45.59
Total Return1 1.66% 14.46% 26.36% 16.98% 7.56%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $31,763 $32,898 $27,593 $19,032 $14,771
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.26% 0.28% 0.28% 0.27% 0.27%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 2.20% 2.36% 2.33% 2.38% 2.19%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 26% 27% 27% 22% 23%
1 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.    
2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.02%), 0.00%, (0.01%), (0.02%), and (0.01%).

 

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Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held through a Vanguard brokerage account), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See

Contacting Vanguard.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Investor Shares To open and maintain an account. $3,000.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $50,000. If you request Admiral Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Admiral Shares, your investment will be placed in Investor Shares of the Fund. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

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How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See

Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement), with a deposit slip (available online), or with a written request. You may also send a written request to Vanguard to make an exchange. For a list of Vanguard addresses, see Contacting Vanguard.

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan) or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check or by utilizing our mobile application if you are registered for online access. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See

Exchanging Shares.

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Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the net asset value (NAV) as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a business day).

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer (not using an Automatic Investment Plan) into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

For purchases by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Investment Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account. Your bank account generally will be debited on the business day after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your bank account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account falls on the last business day of the year, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you select the first of the month for automated withdrawals from your designated bank account, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

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Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans, and Vanguard retail-serviced Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse “starter checks” and checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

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Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For a conversion request received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions From Investor Shares to Admiral Shares

Self-directed conversions. If your account balance in the Fund is at least $50,000, you may ask Vanguard to convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them. See Contacting Vanguard.

Automatic conversions. Vanguard conducts periodic reviews of account balances and may, if your account balance in the Fund exceeds $50,000, automatically convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You will be notified before an automatic conversion occurs and will have an opportunity to instruct Vanguard not to effect the conversion. Institutional, financial intermediary, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Mandatory Conversions to Investor Shares

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for Admiral Shares, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to Investor Shares. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

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By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a written request to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan) or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

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• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds (redemption of shares) from your Vanguard account. Proceeds of redeemed shares generally will be credited to your designated bank account two business days after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on the last day of the year and if that date is a holiday, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you designate the first of the month for automated withdrawals, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer not using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund

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from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Share certificates. Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail. For the correct address, see Contacting Vanguard.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee

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from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days (60 calendar days for participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

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For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, and Vanguard Small Business Online®.

Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Asset Management Services, Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, and Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transaction requests submitted by mail to Vanguard from shareholders who hold their accounts directly with Vanguard or through a Vanguard brokerage account. (Transaction requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

33


 

  • Reregistrations of shares.
  • Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.
  • Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests

submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request

34


 

individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Tele-Account®. To obtain fund and account information through Vanguard’s automated telephone service, you must first establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) by calling Tele-Account at 800-662-6273.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

35


 

Written instructions also must generally include:

An original signature and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction.

(Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Written instructions are acceptable when a Vanguard form is not applicable. The requirements vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and

Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses because of fraud if we reasonably believe that the person transacting business on an account is authorized to do so. Please take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account information private, and immediately review any account statements or other information that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately about any transactions or changes to your account that you believe to be unauthorized.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

36


 

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request by regular or express mail. See Contacting Vanguard for addresses.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

Please see Frequent-Trading LimitationsAccounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard charges a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee applies to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and will be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from a fund account only once per calendar year.

If you register on vanguard.com and elect to receive electronic delivery of statements, reports, and other materials for all of your fund accounts, the account service fee for balances below $10,000 will not be charged, so long as that election remains in effect.

The account service fee also does not apply to the following:

• Money market sweep accounts owned in connection with a Vanguard Brokerage Services® account.

• Accounts held through intermediaries.

• Accounts held by institutional clients.

• Accounts held by Voyager, Voyager Select, Flagship, and Flagship Select clients.

Eligibility is based on total household assets held at Vanguard, with a minimum of $50,000 to qualify for Vanguard Voyager Services®, $500,000 for Vanguard Voyager Select Services®, $1 million for Vanguard Flagship Services®, and $10 million for Vanguard Flagship Select Services. Vanguard determines eligibility by aggregating assets of all qualifying accounts held by the investor and immediate family members who reside at the same address. Aggregate assets include investments in Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs®, certain annuities through Vanguard, the Vanguard 529 Plan, and certain small-business accounts. Assets in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which Vanguard provides recordkeeping services may be included in

37


 

determining eligibility if the investor also has a personal account holding Vanguard mutual funds. Note that assets held in a Vanguard Brokerage Services account (other than Vanguard funds, including Vanguard ETFs) are not included when determining a household’s eligibility.

• Participant accounts in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.* Please consult your enrollment materials for the rules that apply to your account.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

* The following Vanguard fund accounts have alternative fee structures: SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

38


 

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. If you prefer, you may request to receive monthly portfolio summaries. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, we are required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) tax forms for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view these forms through our website. Vanguard may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Annual and Semiannual Reports

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Windsor II Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

  • Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.
  • Reports from the advisors.
  • Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

39


 

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Contacting Vanguard  
 
 
Web  
Vanguard.com For the most complete source of Vanguard news
  For fund, account, and service information
  For most account transactions
  For literature requests
  24 hours a day, 7 days a week
 
Phone  
Vanguard Tele-Account® 800-662-6273 For automated fund and account information
  Toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Investor Information 800-662-7447 For fund and service information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For literature requests
impairment at 800-749-7273)  
Client Services 800-662-2739 For account information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For most account transactions
impairment at 800-749-7273)  
Institutional Division For information and services for large institutional investors
888-809-8102  
Financial Advisor and Intermediary For information and services for financial intermediaries
Sales Support 800-997-2798 including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions,
  and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary For account information and trading support for financial
Trading Support 800-669-0498 intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers,
  trust institutions, and insurance companies

 

40


 

Vanguard Addresses

Please be sure to use the correct address. Use of an incorrect address could delay the processing of your transaction.

Regular Mail (Individuals)     The Vanguard Group    
      P.O. Box 1110    
      Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110  
Regular Mail (Institutions and Intermediaries) The Vanguard Group    
      P.O. Box 2900    
      Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900  
Registered, Express, or Overnight Mail   The Vanguard Group    
      455 Devon Park Drive    
      Wayne, PA 19087-1815    
 
 
Additional Information            
 
 
  Inception Suitable Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Date for IRAs Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund            
Investor Shares 6/24/1985   Yes WndsrII 73 922018205
Admiral Shares 5/14/2001   Yes WdsrIIAdml 573 922018304

 

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

41


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Quantitative Process. An assessment of specific measurable factors, such as cost of capital; value of assets; and projections of sales, costs, earnings, and profits. The use of a quantitative process provides a systematic approach to investment decisions and portfolios.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

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Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group

Investor Information Department P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600 Telephone: 800-662-7447

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department Telephone: 800-662-2739

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
P 073 022016

 


Vanguard WindsorII Fund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Investor Shares for Participants
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares (VWNFX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 19
More on the Fund 6 Investing With Vanguard 21
The Fund and Vanguard 14 Accessing Fund Information Online 25
Investment Advisors 14 Glossary of Investment Terms 26
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17    
Share Price 17    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses  
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
 
Management Fees 0.32%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.34%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$35 $109 $191 $431

 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 26% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Investor Shares compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 17.78% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.62% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares –3.22% 11.00% 6.13%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees or expenses)      
Russell 1000 Value Index –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%
Standard & Poor's 500 Index 1.38 12.57 7.31

 

3


 

Investment Advisors

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

4


 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

5


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Investor Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by visiting our website at vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares’ expense ratio
would be 0.34%, or $3.40 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.13%, or $11.30 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters
Company, which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $65.8 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

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The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

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Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) invests mainly in large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with an analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) constructs a diversified portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of the relative return potential of the securities. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer an appropriate balance between strong growth prospects and reasonable valuations relative to their industry peers. Vanguard manages the portfolio through the use of a quantitative process to evaluate all of the securities in the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index, while seeking to maintain a risk profile similar to that of the Index. This process was developed by a team of Vanguard researchers and is continually evolving. All potential enhancements to the process go through rigorous peer vetting and validation before being implemented. A team of portfolio managers utilizes the resulting process to determine which securities to buy and sell in the portfolio.

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The Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund‘s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date.

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Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

Vanguard administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning

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assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally

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prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders.

 

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The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2015, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $88 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2015, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $28.8 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2015, Lazard managed approximately $165 billion in assets.

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• Sanders Capital, LLC, 390 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2015, Sanders managed approximately $16.1 billion in assets.

• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Quantitative Equity Group. As of October 31, 2015, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $2.5 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.14% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.02%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1997; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2002; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., University of Texas.

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David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1996; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2004; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., Southern Methodist University.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988, has managed investment portfolios since 2001, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968, has managed investment portfolios since 1981, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982, has worked in investment management since 1996, has managed investment portfolios since 2003, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has managed investment portfolios and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S., University of Scranton; M.S., Boston College; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

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Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has oversight responsibility for the quantitative research team and develops portfolio strategies for equity and alternative asset classes. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S. and M.S., Tsinghua University, China; Ph.D. and M.Phil., Yale University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is

17


 

closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Investor Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Investor Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Investor Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Investor Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price) of
$39.59 per share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.809 per share
from investment income (interest and dividends). There was a decline of $0.229
per share in the value of investments held or sold by the Fund, resulting in a net
gain of $0.58 per share from investment operations.
 
Shareholders received $3.44 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s
income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $36.73, reflecting earnings of $0.58
per share and distributions of $3.44 per share. This was a decrease of $2.86 per
share (from $39.59 at the beginning of the year to $36.73 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.57% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Investor Shares had approximately $15.4 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.34% ($3.40 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.12% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 26% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor II Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $39.59 $36.19 $29.33 $25.68 $24.37
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .809 .868 .740 .644 .557
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments (.229) 4.167 6.842 3.627 1.276
Total from Investment Operations .580 5.035 7.582 4.271 1.833
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.827) (.838) (.722) (.621) (.523)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (2.613) (.797)
Total Distributions (3.440) (1.635) (.722) (.621) (.523)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $36.73 $39.59 $36.19 $29.33 $25.68
Total Return 1.57% 14.36% 26.26% 16.90% 7.48%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $15,397 $17,312 $18,034 $18,255 $19,010
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets1 0.34% 0.36% 0.36% 0.35% 0.35%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 2.12% 2.28% 2.25% 2.30% 2.11%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 26% 27% 27% 22% 23%
1 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.02%), 0.00%, (0.01%), (0.02%),  
and (0.01%).          

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or the allocation of your contributions among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, an exchange, or a redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received or, if funded via ACH, credited to your account.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined net asset value (NAV) of the Fund‘s Investor Shares. If your transaction request is received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

21


 

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund), you must wait 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Before making an exchange into another fund, it is important to read that fund’s prospectus. To obtain a copy, please contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

22


 

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

No Cancellations

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a Caller’s Authority

We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

23


 

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Additional Information        
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund        
Investor Shares 6/24/1985 WndsrII 73 922018205

 

24


 

Accessing Fund Information Online

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

25


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Quantitative Process. An assessment of specific measurable factors, such as cost of capital; value of assets; and projections of sales, costs, earnings, and profits. The use of a quantitative process provides a systematic approach to investment decisions and portfolios.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

26


 

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
I 073 022016

 


Vanguard WindsorII Fund
Prospectus
 
February 25, 2016
 
Admiral™ Shares for Participants
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares (VWNAX)
 
 
 
 
This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 20
More on the Fund 6 Investing With Vanguard 22
The Fund and Vanguard 14 Accessing Fund Information Online 26
Investment Advisors 14 Glossary of Investment Terms 27
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17    
Share Price 18    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses  
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
 
Management Fees 0.24%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.26%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$27 $84 $146 $331

 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 26% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 17.81% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.58% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares –3.14% 11.09% 6.22%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees or expenses)      
Russell 1000 Value Index –3.83% 11.27% 6.16%
Standard & Poor's 500 Index 1.38 12.57 7.31

 

3


 

Investment Advisors

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016.

4


 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

5


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Admiral Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by visiting our website at vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio
would be 0.26%, or $2.60 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2014 was 1.13%, or $11.30 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters
Company, which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund‘s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund‘s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-capitalization companies (although the advisors will occasionally select companies with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2015, was $65.8 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2015)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.9 10.0 10.4 11.1

 

7


 

The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Value stocks
also may remain undervalued by the market for long periods of time. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
style has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

8


 

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor believes are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) invests mainly in large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with an analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) constructs a diversified portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of the relative return potential of the securities. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer an appropriate balance between strong growth prospects and reasonable valuations relative to their industry peers. Vanguard manages the portfolio through the use of a quantitative process to evaluate all of the securities in the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index, while seeking to maintain a risk profile similar to that of the Index. This process was developed by a team of Vanguard researchers and is continually evolving. All potential enhancements to the process go through rigorous peer vetting and validation before being implemented. A team of portfolio managers utilizes the resulting process to determine which securities to buy and sell in the portfolio.

9


 


The Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund‘s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments; fixed income securities; convertible securities; and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date.

10


 

Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund‘s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives (such
as certain swap agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts),
on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more
difficult to accurately value.

 

Vanguard administers a small portion of the Fund‘s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund‘s advisors. Vanguard typically invests these assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. These stock index futures and ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may also purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund‘s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund‘s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund‘s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund‘s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund‘s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning

11


 

assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally

12


 

prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2015.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-
term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders.

 

13


 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3.1 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2015, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $88 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2015, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $28.8 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2015, Lazard managed approximately $165 billion in assets.

14


 

• Sanders Capital, LLC, 390 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2015, Sanders managed approximately $16.1 billion in assets.

• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Quantitative Equity Group. As of October 31, 2015, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $2.5 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.14% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.02%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

15


 

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1997; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2002; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., University of Texas.

David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has worked in investment management since 1996; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 2004; has managed investment portfolios since 2012; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2013. Education: B.B.A., Southern Methodist University.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986, has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988, has managed investment portfolios since 2001, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968, has managed investment portfolios since 1981, has been with Sanders since 2009, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982, has worked in investment management since 1996, has managed investment portfolios since 2003, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

16


 

Anatoly Shtekhman, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has managed investment portfolios and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S., University of Scranton; M.S., Boston College; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has oversight responsibility for the quantitative research team and develops portfolio strategies for equity and alternative asset classes. He has been with Vanguard since 2007 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2016. Education: B.S. and M.S., Tsinghua University, China; Ph.D. and M.Phil., Yale University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.
Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock
holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them.

 

17


 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash may be valued at amortized cost when it approximates fair value. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

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Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Admiral Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Admiral Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Admiral Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Admiral Shares began fiscal year 2015 with a net asset value (share price) of
$70.27 per share. During the year, each Admiral Share earned $1.492 per share
from investment income (interest and dividends). There was a decline of $0.401
per share in the value of investments held or sold by the Fund, resulting in a net
gain of $1.091 per share from investment operations.
 
Shareholders received $6.161 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s
income or capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $65.20, reflecting earnings of $1.091
per share and distributions of $6.161 per share. This was a decrease of $5.07 per
share (from $70.27 at the beginning of the year to $65.20 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 1.66% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2015, the Admiral Shares had approximately $31.8 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.26% ($2.60 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.20% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 26% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $70.27 $64.23 $52.06 $45.59 $43.26
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.492 1.601 1.366 1.188 1.025
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments (.401) 7.398 12.134 6.424 2.264
Total from Investment Operations 1.091 8.999 13.500 7.612 3.289
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (1.525) (1.545) (1.330) (1.142) (.959)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (4.636) (1.414)
Total Distributions (6.161) (2.959) (1.330) (1.142) (.959)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $65.20 $70.27 $64.23 $52.06 $45.59
Total Return 1.66% 14.46% 26.36% 16.98% 7.56%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $31,763 $32,898 $27,593 $19,032 $14,771
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets1 0.26% 0.28% 0.28% 0.27% 0.27%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average          
Net Assets 2.20% 2.36% 2.33% 2.38% 2.19%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 26% 27% 27% 22% 23%
1Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.02%), 0.00%, (0.01%), (0.02%), and (0.01%).

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or the allocation of your contributions among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, an exchange, or a redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received or, if funded via ACH, credited to your account.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined net asset value (NAV) of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares. If your transaction request is received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund), you must wait 60 calendar days (30 calendar days for investors other than participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans recordkept directly by Vanguard) before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Before making an exchange into another fund, it is important to read that fund’s prospectus. To obtain a copy, please contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will

23


 

investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

No Cancellations

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a Caller’s Authority

We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

24


 

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Additional Information        
 
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund        
Admiral Shares 5/14/2001 WdsrIIAdml 573 922018304
  (Investor Shares      
  6/24/1985)      

 

25


 

Accessing Fund Information Online

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Morningstar data © 2016 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

26


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Quantitative Process. An assessment of specific measurable factors, such as cost of capital; value of assets; and projections of sales, costs, earnings, and profits. The use of a quantitative process provides a systematic approach to investment decisions and portfolios.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price/book ratios and lower predicted growth rates.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

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Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

 

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-00834

© 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.
 
I 573 022016

 


PART B

VANGUARD® WINDSORFUNDS

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

February 25, 2016

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus (dated February 25, 2016). To obtain, without charge, a prospectus or the most recent Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the Fund’s financial statements as hereby incorporated by reference, please contact The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard).

Phone: Investor Information Department at 800-662-7447 Online: vanguard.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description of the Trust B-1
Fundamental Policies B-3
Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies B-4
Share Price B-21
Purchase and Redemption of Shares B-22
Management of the Funds B-23
Investment Advisory Services B-36
Portfolio Transactions B-47
Proxy Voting Guidelines B-48
Financial Statements B-54

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

Vanguard Windsor Funds (the Trust) currently offers the following funds and share classes (identified by ticker symbol):

  Share Classes1
Fund2 Investor Admiral
Vanguard Windsor Fund VWNDX VWNEX
Vanguard Windsor II Fund VWNFX VWNAX
1 Individually, a class; collectively, the classes.    
2 Individually, a Fund; collectively, the Funds.    

 

The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares. There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that may be issued for a single fund or class of shares.

Organization

The Trust was organized as Wellington Equity Fund, Inc., a Delaware corporation, in 1958. It was reorganized as a Maryland corporation in 1973 and subsequently was reorganized as a Pennsylvania business trust in 1985. The Trust then was reorganized as a Maryland corporation later in 1985 and, finally, was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1998. Prior to its reorganization as a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust was known as Vanguard/Windsor Funds, Inc. The Trust is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end management investment company. All Funds within the Trust are classified as diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

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Service Providers

Custodian. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 50 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02110-1548, serves as the Funds‘ custodian. The custodian is responsible for maintaining the Funds‘ assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any foreign subcustodians or foreign securities depositories.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, serves as the Funds‘ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Funds‘ annual financial statements and provides other related services.

Transfer and Dividend-Paying Agent. The Funds‘ transfer agent and dividend-paying agent is Vanguard, P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

Characteristics of the Funds‘ Shares

Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares. There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of a Fund’s shares, other than those described in the Fund’s current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund or class may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or class or by liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Fund or class. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, each Fund and share class will continue indefinitely.

Shareholder Liability. The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. This means that a shareholder of a Fund generally will not be personally liable for payment of the Fund’s debts. Some state courts, however, may not apply Delaware law on this point. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is remote.

Dividend Rights. The shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared by the Fund for each such class. No shares of a Fund have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund and will be paid ratably to all shareholders of a particular class according to the number of shares of the class held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the net asset values of the different classes and differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan approved by the Fund’s board of trustees.

Voting Rights. Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if (1) the matter concerns an amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the shares of a Fund or any class; (2) the trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder vote; (3) a merger or consolidation, share conversion, share exchange, or sale of assets is proposed and a shareholder vote is required by the 1940 Act to approve the transaction; or (4) a shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires a shareholder vote under various circumstances, including to elect or remove trustees upon the written request of shareholders representing 10% or more of a Fund’s net assets, to change any fundamental policy of a Fund (please see Fundamental Policies), and to enter into certain merger transactions. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, shareholders of a Fund receive one vote for each dollar of net asset value owned on the record date and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the shares of the Fund or class affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that matter. In addition, each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another. Voting rights are noncumulative and cannot be modified without a majority vote by the shareholders.

Liquidation Rights. In the event that a Fund is liquidated, shareholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets. In the event that a class of shares is liquidated, shareholders of that class will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets that are allocated to that class. Shareholders may receive cash, securities, or a combination of the two.

Preemptive Rights. There are no preemptive rights associated with the Funds‘ shares.

Conversion Rights. Fund shareholders may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements as described in the Fund’s current prospectus.

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Redemption Provisions. Each Fund’s redemption provisions are described in its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information.

Sinking Fund Provisions. The Funds have no sinking fund provisions.

Calls or Assessment. Each Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

Tax Status of the Funds

Each Fund expects to qualify each year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC). This special tax status means that the Fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, each Fund must comply with certain requirements. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements in any taxable year, the Fund will, in some cases, be able to cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund is ineligible to or otherwise does not cure such failure for any year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated investment company.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations generally may be eligible to be reported by the Fund, and treated by individual shareholders, as “qualified dividend income” taxed at long-term capital gain rates instead of at higher ordinary income tax rates. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for such treatment. Capital gains distributed by the Funds are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Corporations must satisfy certain requirements in order to claim the deduction. Capital gains distributed by the Funds are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

Each Fund may declare a capital gain dividend consisting of the excess (if any) of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses. Net capital gains for a fiscal year are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforwards of the Fund. For Fund fiscal years beginning on or after December 22, 2010, capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and retain their character as either short-term or long-term. Under prior law, net capital losses could be carried forward for eight tax years and were treated as short-term capital losses. A Fund is required to use capital losses arising in fiscal years beginning on or after December 22, 2010, before using capital losses arising in fiscal years beginning prior to December 22, 2010.

FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Each Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment policies, which cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s shares. For these purposes, a “majority” of shares means shares representing the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the Fund’s net assets voted, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets.

Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Commodities. Each Fund may invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Diversification. With respect to 75% of its total assets, each Fund may not (1) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or (2) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities. This limitation does not apply to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

Industry Concentration. Each Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry.

Investment Objective. The investment objective of each Fund may not be materially changed without a shareholder vote.

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Loans. Each Fund may make loans to another person only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Real Estate. Each Fund may not invest directly in real estate unless it is acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments (1) issued by companies that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or (2) backed or secured by real estate or interests in real estate.

Senior Securities. Each Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Underwriting. Each Fund may not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act), in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

Compliance with the fundamental policies previously described is generally measured at the time the securities are purchased. Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act (as is the case with borrowing), if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time the investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. All fundamental policies must comply with applicable regulatory requirements. For more details, see Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies.

None of these policies prevents the Funds from having an ownership interest in Vanguard. As a part owner of Vanguard, each Fund may own securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to Vanguard’s costs or other financial requirements. See Management of the Funds for more information.

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS, AND NONFUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Some of the investment strategies and policies described on the following pages and in each Fund’s prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund’s investment in, or holdings of, certain securities or other assets. Unless otherwise required by law, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such securities or assets by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund’s investment strategies and policies.

The following investment strategies, risks, and policies supplement each Fund’s investment strategies, risks, and policies set forth in the prospectus. With respect to the different investments discussed as follows, a Fund may acquire such investments to the extent consistent with its investment strategies and policies.

Borrowing. A fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations; by the 1940 Act; and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased with the proceeds of such borrowing. A fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include entering into reverse repurchase agreements; engaging in mortgage-dollar-roll transactions; selling securities short (other than short sales “against-the-box”); buying and selling certain derivatives (such as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and standby-commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions;

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and participating in other similar trading practices. (Additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found on the following pages.) A borrowing transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund maintains an offsetting financial position; segregates liquid assets (with such liquidity determined by the advisor in accordance with procedures established by the board of trustees) equal (as determined on a daily mark-to-market basis) in value to the fund’s potential economic exposure under the borrowing transaction; or otherwise “covers” the transaction in accordance with applicable SEC guidance (collectively, “covers” the transaction). A fund may have to buy or sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price in order to cover a borrowing transaction. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or to fulfill other obligations.

Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds, other debt holders, and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities typically consist of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted (on a voluntary or mandatory basis) within a specified period of time (normally for the entire life of the security) into a certain amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a predetermined price. Convertible securities also include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and derivatives combining the features of debt securities and equity securities. Other convertible securities with features and risks not specifically referred to herein may become available in the future. Convertible securities involve risks similar to those of both fixed income and equity securities. In a corporation’s capital structure, convertible securities are senior to common stock but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” and its “conversion value.” A security’s “investment value” represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible debt security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer, and the seniority of the security in the issuer’s capital structure. A security’s “conversion value” is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security. If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that circumstance, the convertible security takes on the characteristics of a bond, and its price moves in the opposite direction from interest rates. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that case, the convertible security’s price may be as volatile as that of common stock. Because both interest rates and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying equity security. Convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or are not rated, and they are generally subject to a high degree of credit risk.

Although all markets are prone to change over time, the generally high rate at which convertible securities are retired (through mandatory or scheduled conversions by issuers or through voluntary redemptions by holders) and replaced with newly issued convertible securities may cause the convertible securities market to change more rapidly than other markets. For example, a concentration of available convertible securities in a few economic sectors could elevate the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the specific risks of those sectors. Moreover, convertible securities with innovative structures, such as mandatory-conversion securities and equity-linked securities, have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price set in the governing instrument of the convertible security. If a convertible security held by a fund is subject to such redemption option and is called for redemption, the fund must allow the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell the security to a third party.

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Debt Securities. A debt security, sometimes called a fixed income security, consists of a certificate or other evidence of a debt (secured or unsecured) on which the issuing company or governmental body promises to pay the holder thereof a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest for a specified length of time and to repay the debt on the specified maturity date. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, do not make regular interest payments but are issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Debt securities include a variety of fixed income obligations, including, but not limited to, corporate bonds, government securities, municipal securities, convertible securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. Debt securities include investment-grade securities, non-investment-grade securities, and unrated securities. Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, call/prepayment risk, inflation risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and (in the case of foreign securities) country risk and currency risk. The reorganization of an issuer under the federal bankruptcy laws may result in the issuer’s debt securities being cancelled without repayment, repaid only in part, or repaid in part or in whole through an exchange thereof for any combination of cash, debt securities, convertible securities, equity securities, or other instruments or rights in respect to the same issuer or a related entity.

Debt Securities—Non-Investment-Grade Securities. Non-investment-grade securities, also referred to as “high-yield securities” or “junk bonds,” are debt securities that are rated lower than the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (e.g., lower than Baa3/P-2 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) or below BBB–/A-2 by Standard & Poor’s) or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the fund’s advisor. These securities are generally considered to be, on balance, predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and they will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the investment-grade categories. Non-investment-grade securities generally provide greater income and opportunity for capital appreciation than higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk.

Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high-yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of investment-grade securities. Thus, reliance on credit ratings in making investment decisions entails greater risks for high-yield securities than for investment-grade securities. The success of a fund’s advisor in managing high-yield securities is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade securities.

Some high-yield securities are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring such as an acquisition, a merger, or a leveraged buyout. Companies that issue high-yield securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with investment-grade securities. Some high-yield securities were once rated as investment-grade but have been downgraded to junk-bond status because of financial difficulties experienced by their issuers.

The market values of high-yield securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do investment-grade securities, which in general react to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. High-yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are investment-grade securities. An actual or anticipated economic downturn or sustained period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in junk-bond prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high-yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, a fund investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.

The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the ability of a fund’s advisor to sell a high-yield security or the price at which a fund’s advisor could sell a high-yield security, and it could also adversely affect the daily net asset value of fund shares. When secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation of the securities.

Except as otherwise provided in a fund’s prospectus, if a credit-rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by a fund, the fund may retain the portfolio security if the advisor deems it in the best interests of shareholders.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a “depository.” Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs),

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and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution, and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and they are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (sponsored and unsponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants.

A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of nonobjection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of noncash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.

Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request.

For purposes of a fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

Derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on—or “derived from”—the values of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying references, such as commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and related indexes. Derivatives include futures contracts and options on futures contracts, certain forward-commitment transactions, options on securities, caps, floors, collars, swap agreements, and certain other financial instruments. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as swap agreements, may be privately negotiated and entered into in the over-the-counter market (OTC Derivatives) or may be cleared through a clearinghouse (Cleared Derivatives) and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act), certain swap agreements, such as certain standardized credit default and interest rate swap agreements, must be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. This could result in an increase in the overall costs of such transactions. While the intent of derivatives regulatory reform is to mitigate risks associated with derivatives markets, the new regulations could, among other things, increase liquidity and decrease pricing for more standardized products while decreasing liquidity and increasing pricing for less standardized products. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities, assets, or market indexes on which the derivatives are based.

Derivatives are used by some investors for speculative purposes. Derivatives also may be used for a variety of purposes that do not constitute speculation, such as hedging, managing risk, seeking to stay fully invested, seeking to reduce transaction costs, seeking to simulate an investment in equity or debt securities or other investments, and seeking to add value by using derivatives to more efficiently implement portfolio positions when derivatives are favorably priced relative to equity or debt securities or other investments. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a fund’s advisor will succeed. The other parties to the funds’ OTC Derivatives contracts (usually referred to as “counterparties”) will not be considered the issuers thereof for purposes of certain provisions of the 1940 Act and the

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IRC, although such OTC Derivatives may qualify as securities or investments under such laws. The funds’ advisors, however, will monitor and adjust, as appropriate, the funds’ credit risk exposure to OTC Derivative counterparties.

Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions.

When the fund enters into a Cleared Derivative, an initial margin deposit with a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) is required. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a Cleared Derivative over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis.

For OTC Derivatives, the fund is subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. Additionally, the use of credit derivatives can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit derivative is based.

Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with certain OTC Derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.

Derivatives may be subject to pricing or “basis” risk, which exists when a particular derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity.

Because certain derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Like most other investments, derivative instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other financial or economic factors in establishing derivative positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a derivative as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the derivative will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many derivatives (in particular, OTC Derivatives) are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

Exchange-Traded Funds. A fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by other Vanguard funds. Typically, a fund would purchase ETF shares for the same reason it would purchase (and as an alternative to purchasing) futures contracts: to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. ETF shares enjoy several advantages over futures. Depending on the market, the holding period, and other factors, ETF shares can be less costly and more tax-efficient than futures. In addition, ETF shares can be purchased for smaller sums, offer exposure to market sectors and styles for which there is no suitable or liquid futures contract, and do not involve leverage.

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same principal risks as an investment in a conventional fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an

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ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or a premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of an ETF’s shares may also be halted if the shares are delisted from the exchange without first being listed on another exchange or if the listing exchange’s officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

Most ETFs are investment companies. Therefore, a fund’s purchases of ETF shares generally are subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Vanguard ETF®* Shares are exchange-traded shares that represent an interest in an investment portfolio held by Vanguard funds. A fund’s investments in Vanguard ETF Shares are also generally subject to the descriptions, limitations, and risks described under the heading “Other Investment Companies,” except as provided by an exemption granted by the SEC that permits registered investment companies to invest in a Vanguard fund that issues ETF Shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions.

* U.S. Patent Nos. 6,879,964; 7,337,138; 7,720,749; 7,925,573; 8,090,646; and 8,417,623.

Foreign Securities. Typically, foreign securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Securities issued by certain companies organized outside the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if the company’s principal operations are conducted from the United States or when the company’s equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. A fund may make foreign investments either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments (depositary receipts) for foreign securities. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Investing in foreign securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are multiple risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund’s trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of the transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally more volatile and less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers, and foreign investments may be effected through structures that may be complex or confusing. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. The risk that securities traded on foreign exchanges may be suspended, either by the issuers themselves, by an exchange, or by government authorities, is also heightened. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Additionally, economic or other sanctions imposed on the United States by a foreign country, or imposed on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise transact in certain investment securities. Sanctions could also affect the value and/or liquidity of a foreign security.

Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs for a fund’s portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, commissions and other transaction costs are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities. Additionally, bankruptcy laws vary by jurisdiction and cash deposits may be subject to a custodian’s creditors. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from, capital gains on the sale of, or transactions in foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the value

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of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency (as discussed under the heading “Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions,” a fund may attempt to hedge its currency risks). In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred in converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulation, currency devaluations, and political and economic developments.

Foreign Securities—China A-shares Risk. China A-shares (A-shares) are shares of mainland Chinese companies that are traded locally on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. In order to invest in A-shares, a foreign investor must have access to an investment quota through a Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) or a Renminbi QFII (RQFII) license holder. A-shares are also available through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program, subject to separate quota limitations. The developing state of the investment and banking systems of the People’s Republic of China (China, or the PRC) subjects the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to heightened risks. Additionally, there are foreign ownership limitations that may result in limitations on investment or the return of profits if a fund purchases and sells shares of an issuer in which it owns 5% or more of the shares issued within a six-month period. It is unclear if the 5% ownership will be determined by aggregating the holdings of a fund with affiliated funds.

Due to these restrictions, it is possible that the A-shares quota available to a fund as a foreign investor may not be sufficient to meet the fund’s investment needs. In this situation, a fund may seek an alternative method of economic exposure, such as by purchasing other classes of securities or depositary receipts or by utilizing derivatives. Any of these options could increase a fund’s index sampling risk (for index funds) or investment cost. Additionally, investing in A-shares generally increases emerging markets risk due in part to government and issuer market controls and the developing settlement and legal systems.

Investing in China A-shares through Stock Connect. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) is a mutual market access program designed to, among other things, enable foreign investment in the PRC via brokers in Hong Kong. A QFII/RQFII license is not required to trade via Stock Connect. There are significant risks inherent in investing in A-shares through Stock Connect. Specifically, trading can be affected by a number of issues. Stock Connect can only operate when both PRC and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. As such, if one or both markets are closed on a U.S. trading day, a fund may not be able to dispose of its shares in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance. Trading through Stock Connect generally requires pre-delivery of cash or securities to a broker. If the cash or securities are not in the broker’s possession before the market opens on the day of selling, the sell order will be rejected. This requirement may limit a fund’s ability to dispose of its A-shares purchased through Stock Connect in a timely manner.

Additionally, Stock Connect is subject to daily quota limitations on purchases into the PRC. Once the daily quota is reached, orders to purchase additional A-shares through Stock Connect will be rejected. In addition, a fund’s purchase of A-shares through Stock Connect may only be subsequently sold through Stock Connect and is not otherwise transferable. Stock Connect utilizes an omnibus clearing structure, and the fund’s shares will be registered in its custodian’s name on the Central Clearing and Settlement System. This may limit an advisor’s ability to effectively manage a fund.

Foreign Securities—Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and it imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets and possible arbitrary and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency-hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; generally smaller, less seasoned, or newly organized companies; difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to

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have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Custodial services and other investment-related costs are often more expensive in emerging market countries, which can reduce a fund’s income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions. The value in U.S. dollars of a fund’s non-dollar-denominated foreign securities may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. To seek to minimize the impact of such factors on net asset values, a fund may engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. A fund will enter into foreign currency transactions only to attempt to “hedge” the currency risk associated with investing in foreign securities. Although such transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss that would result from a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also may limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase.

Currency exchange transactions may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into with large commercial banks or other currency traders who are participants in the interbank market. Currency exchange transactions also may be effected through the use of swap agreements or other derivatives.

Currency exchange transactions may be considered borrowings. A currency exchange transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of foreign currency involved in underlying security transactions, a fund may be able to protect itself against part or all of the possible loss between trade and settlement dates for that purchase or sale resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “transaction hedging.” In addition, when the advisor reasonably believes that a particular foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, a fund may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “portfolio hedging.” Similarly, when the advisor reasonably believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, a fund may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.

A fund may also attempt to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency futures, options, and “cross-hedge” transactions. In cross-hedge transactions, a fund holding securities denominated in one foreign currency will enter into a forward currency contract to buy or sell a different foreign currency (one that the advisor reasonably believes generally tracks the currency being hedged with regard to price movements). The advisor may select the tracking (or substitute) currency rather than the currency in which the security is denominated for various reasons, including in order to take advantage of pricing or other opportunities presented by the tracking currency or to take advantage of a more liquid or more efficient market for the tracking currency. Such cross-hedges are expected to help protect a fund against an increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies.

A fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these assets are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward currency contract. Accordingly, a fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if its advisor’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave a fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been

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established. Because forward currency contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a fund will have flexibility to roll over a forward currency contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Investment Companies. Some of the countries in which a fund may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Fund investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. Such investments may be made through registered or unregistered closed-end investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are derivatives. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. A security futures contract relates to the sale of a specific quantity of shares of a single equity security or a narrow-based securities index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. The buyer of a futures contract enters into an agreement to purchase the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “long” the contract. The seller of a futures contract enters into an agreement to sell the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which a futures contract is entered into is established either in the electronic marketplace or by open outcry on the floor of an exchange between exchange members acting as traders or brokers. Open futures contracts can be liquidated or closed out by physical delivery of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount on the settlement date, depending on the terms of the particular contract. Some financial futures contracts (such as security futures) provide for physical settlement at maturity. Other financial futures contracts (such as those relating to interest rates, foreign currencies, and broad-based securities indexes) generally provide for cash settlement at maturity. In the case of cash-settled futures contracts, the cash settlement amount is equal to the difference between the final settlement or market price for the relevant commodity on the last trading day of the contract and the price for the relevant commodity agreed upon at the outset of the contract. Most futures contracts, however, are not held until maturity but instead are “offset” before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position.

The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures commission merchant (FCM) when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s position declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s position increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis. A futures transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the “exercise” or “strike” price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

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A fund that takes the position of a writer of a futures option is required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin with respect to the option, as previously described in the case of futures contracts. A futures option transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Each Fund intends to comply with Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), under which a mutual fund may be excluded from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) if the fund meets certain conditions such as limiting its investments in certain CEA-regulated instruments (e.g., futures, options, or swaps) and complying with certain marketing restrictions. Accordingly, Vanguard is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to the Fund under the CEA. A Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity or that are quoted on an automated quotation system.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts—Risks. The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, a fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements (and segregation requirements, if applicable) at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, a fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

A fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of future positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment. U.S. Treasury futures are generally not subject to such daily limits.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use a futures contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.

A fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM if, for example, the FCM breaches its agreement with the fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the fund.

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Interfund Borrowing and Lending. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting registered open-end Vanguard funds to participate in Vanguard’s interfund lending program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction, (2) no fund may lend money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan, and (3) a fund’s interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund’s net assets. In addition, a Vanguard fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the fund’s investment objective and investment policies. The boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible for overseeing the interfund lending program. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.

Investing for Control. The Vanguard funds invest in securities and other instruments for the sole purpose of achieving a specific investment objective. As such, they do not seek to acquire, individually or collectively, enough of a company’s outstanding voting stock to have control over management decisions. The Vanguard funds do not invest for the purpose of controlling a company’s management.

Options. An option is a derivative. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a “premium,” the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. The multiplier for an index option determines the size of the investment position the option represents. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of over-the-counter (OTC) options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. Although this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

The buyer (or holder) of an option is said to be “long” the option, while the seller (or writer) of an option is said to be “short” the option. A call option grants to the holder the right to buy (and obligates the writer to sell) the underlying security at the strike price, which is the predetermined price at which the option may be exercised. A put option grants to the holder the right to sell (and obligates the writer to buy) the underlying security at the strike price. The purchase price of an option is called the “premium.” The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer. The writing of an option will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

If a trading market, in particular options, were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the funds) would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying instrument moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when options prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying instruments and related instruments. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

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A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment, which could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

OTC Swap Agreements. An over-the-counter (OTC) swap agreement, which is a type of derivative, is an agreement between two parties (counterparties) to exchange payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional amount) with the payments calculated with reference to a specified asset, reference rate, or index.

Examples of OTC swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, excess return swaps, and total return swaps. Most OTC swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted, and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a fund’s current obligations (or rights) under an OTC swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. OTC swap agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.

An OTC option on an OTC swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium.” A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

The use of OTC swap agreements by a fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap agreement. OTC swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of an OTC swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If an OTC swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, OTC swap transactions may be subject to a fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap becomes extraordinarily expensive or inexpensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity or to realize the intrinsic value of the OTC swap agreement.

Because certain OTC swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain OTC swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged OTC swap transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Like most other investments, OTC swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing OTC swap

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positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use an OTC swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the OTC swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving OTC swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many OTC swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

The use of an OTC swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.

The market for OTC swaps and swaptions is a relatively new market. It is possible that developments in the market could adversely affect a fund, including its ability to terminate existing OTC swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. As previously noted under the heading “Derivatives,” under the Dodd-Frank Act, certain swaps that may be used by a fund may be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility.

Other Investment Companies. A fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by applicable law or SEC exemption. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund generally may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company, as long as no investment represents more than 3% of the voting stock of an acquired investment company. In addition, no funds for which Vanguard acts as an advisor may, in the aggregate, own more than 10% of the voting stock of a closed-end investment company. The 1940 Act and related rules provide certain exemptions from these restrictions, for example, funds that invest in other funds within the same group of investment companies. If a fund invests in other investment companies, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the fund’s expenses (including operating expenses and the fees of the advisor), but they also may indirectly bear the similar expenses of the underlying investment companies. Certain investment companies, such as business development companies (BDCs), are more akin to operating companies and, as such, their expenses are not direct expenses paid by fund shareholders and are not used to calculate the fund’s net asset value. SEC rules nevertheless require that any expenses incurred by a BDC be included in a fund’s expense ratio as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” The expense ratio of a fund that holds a BDC will thus overstate what the fund actually spends on portfolio management, administrative services, and other shareholder services by an amount equal to these Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in a fund’s financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a fund’s actual operating expenses. Shareholders would also be exposed to the risks associated not only with the investments of the fund but also with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment companies. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value but also may be traded on the secondary market.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock normally pays dividends at a specified rate and has precedence over common stock in the event the issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy. However, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporation’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or noncumulative, participating, or auction rate. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer’s common stock. “Participating” preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions allowing the stock to be called or redeemed, which can limit the benefit of a decline in interest rates. Preferred stock is subject to many of the risks to which common stock and debt securities are subject. In addition, preferred stock may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than common stock or debt securities because preferred stock may trade with less frequency and in more limited volume.

Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a debt security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of

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deposit) from a bank, a broker, or a dealer and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The resale price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these transactions, the securities acquired by a fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and be held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the investment advisor will monitor a fund’s repurchase agreement transactions generally and will evaluate the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, or dealer party to a repurchase agreement relating to a fund. The aggregate amount of any such agreements is not limited, except to the extent required by law.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. For example, if the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within its control, and therefore the realization by the fund on such collateral may be automatically stayed. Finally, it is possible that the fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which they are valued. The SEC generally limits aggregate holdings of illiquid securities by a mutual fund to 15% of its net assets (5% for money market funds). A fund may experience difficulty valuing and selling illiquid securities and, in some cases, may be unable to value or sell certain illiquid securities for an indefinite period of time. Illiquid securities may include a wide variety of investments, such as (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features), (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), (4) certain loan interests and other direct debt instruments, (5) certain municipal lease obligations, (6) private equity investments, (7) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, and (8) securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws. Illiquid securities include restricted, privately placed securities that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a substantial market develops for a restricted security held by a fund, it may be treated as a liquid security, in accordance with procedures and guidelines approved by the board of trustees. This generally includes securities that are unregistered, that can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, or that are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act, such as commercial paper. Although a fund’s advisor monitors the liquidity of restricted securities, the board of trustees oversees and retains ultimate responsibility for the advisor’s liquidity determinations. Several factors that the trustees consider in monitoring these decisions include the valuation of a security; the availability of qualified institutional buyers, brokers, and dealers that trade in the security; and the availability of information about the security’s issuer.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund sells a security to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at an agreed-upon price and time. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained by the fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the fund that it is obligated to repurchase. In addition to the risk of such a loss, fees charged to the fund may exceed the return the fund earns from investing the proceeds received from the reverse repurchase agreement transaction. A reverse repurchase agreement may be considered a borrowing transaction for purposes of the 1940 Act. A reverse repurchase agreement transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” A fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the advisor. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, a fund’s use of proceeds from the sale may be

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restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines if it will honor the fund’s right to repurchase the securities. If the fund is unable to recover the securities it sold in a reverse repurchase agreement, it would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them.

Securities Lending. A fund may lend its investment securities to qualified institutional investors (typically brokers, dealers, banks, or other financial institutions) who may need to borrow securities in order to complete certain transactions, such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities, or completing arbitrage operations. By lending its investment securities, a fund attempts to increase its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the securities lent. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities lent that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the fund. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities lent because of insolvency or other reasons, a fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities lent or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If a fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. The value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities. Investing this cash subjects that investment to market appreciation or depreciation. Currently, Vanguard funds that lend securities invest the cash collateral received in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds.

The terms and the structure of the loan arrangements, as well as the aggregate amount of securities loans, must be consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules or interpretations of the SEC thereunder. These provisions limit the amount of securities a fund may lend to 33 1/3% of the fund’s total assets and require that (1) the borrower pledge and maintain with the fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government having at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities lent; (2) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of the securities lent rises (i.e., the borrower “marks to market” on a daily basis); (3) the loan be made subject to termination by the fund at any time; and (4) the fund receives reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the fund’s investing any cash collateral in interest-bearing short-term investments), any distribution on the lent securities, and any increase in their market value. Loan arrangements made by each fund will comply with all other applicable regulatory requirements, including the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, which presently require the borrower, after notice, to redeliver the securities within the normal settlement time of three business days. The advisor will consider the creditworthiness of the borrower, among other things, in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to oversight by the board of trustees. At the present time, the SEC does not object if an investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with lent securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and approved by the investment company’s trustees. In addition, voting rights pass with the lent securities, but if a fund has knowledge that a material event will occur affecting securities on loan, and in respect to which the holder of the securities will be entitled to vote or consent, the lender must be entitled to call the loaned securities in time to vote or consent. A fund bears the risk that there may be a delay in the return of the securities, which may impair the fund’s ability to vote on such a matter.

Pursuant to Vanguard’s securities lending policy, Vanguard’s fixed income and money market funds are not permitted to, and do not, lend their investment securities.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Discussion. Discussion herein of U.S. federal income tax matters summarizes some of the important, generally applicable U.S. federal tax considerations relevant to investment in a fund based on the IRC, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority. These authorities are subject to change by legislative, administrative, or judicial action, possibly with retroactive effect. A shareholder should consult his or her tax professional for information regarding the particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and other taxes.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. A fund’s transactions in derivative instruments (including, but not limited to, options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements), as well as any of the fund’s hedging, short sale, securities loan, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules that accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or

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guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts. For federal income tax purposes, a fund generally must recognize, as of the end of each taxable year, any net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts, as well as any gains and losses actually realized during the year. In these cases, any gain or loss recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to the holding period of the contract. Gains and losses on certain other futures contracts (primarily non-U.S. futures contracts) are not recognized until the contracts are closed and are treated as long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the contract. Sales of futures contracts that are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by a fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on one position, such as futures contracts, to the extent of any unrecognized gains on a related offsetting position held by the fund.

A fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for federal income tax purposes on futures transactions. Such distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the fund’s other investments, and shareholders will be advised on the nature of the distributions.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Currency Transactions. Special rules generally govern the federal income tax treatment of a fund’s transactions in the following: non-U.S. currencies; non-U.S. currency-denominated debt obligations; and certain non-U.S. currency options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments. Accordingly, if a fund engages in these types of transactions, it may have ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned. Such ordinary income could accelerate fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any ordinary loss so created will generally reduce ordinary income distributions and, in some cases, could require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Net ordinary losses cannot be carried forward by the fund to offset income or gains realized in subsequent taxable years.

Any gain or loss attributable to the non-U.S. currency component of a transaction engaged in by a fund that is not subject to these special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will generally be treated as a capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction.

To the extent a fund engages in non-U.S. currency hedging, the fund may elect or be required to apply other rules that could affect the character, timing, or amount of the fund’s gains and losses. For more information, see “Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions.”

Tax Matters—Foreign Tax Credit. Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and interest paid with respect to foreign securities held by a fund. Foreign governments may also impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If, at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund’s total assets are invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through to shareholders the ability to deduct or, if they meet certain holding period requirements, take a credit for foreign taxes paid by the fund. Similarly, if at the close of each quarter of a fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consist of interests in other regulated investment companies, the fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders the foreign income taxes paid by the fund in connection with foreign securities held directly by the fund or held by a regulated investment company in which the fund invests that has elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders.

Tax Matters—Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). A foreign company is generally a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income is passive or if 50% or more of its assets produce passive income. Capital gains on the sale of an interest in a PFIC will be deemed ordinary income regardless of how long the Fund held it. Also, the Fund may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned in respect to PFIC interests, whether or not such amounts are distributed to shareholders. To avoid such tax and interest, a Fund may elect to “mark to market” its PFIC interests, that is, to treat such interests as sold on the last day of the Fund’s fiscal year, and to recognize any unrealized gains (or losses, to the extent of previously recognized gains) as ordinary income each year. Distributions from the Fund that are attributable to income or gains earned in respect to PFIC interests are characterized as ordinary income.

Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. If a fund invests directly or indirectly, including through a REIT or other pass-through entity, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs), a portion of the fund’s income that is attributable to a residual interest in a

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REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (such portion referred to in the IRC as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all eventsincluding potentially at the fund levelunder a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and U.S. Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a registered investment company will be allocated to shareholders of the registered investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (1) cannot be offset by net operation losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (2) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity, which otherwise might not be required, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (3) in the case of a non-U.S. investor, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the IRC. As a result, a fund investing in such interests may not be suitable for charitable remainder trusts. See “Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors.”

Tax Matters—Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors. U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments made by non-U.S. investors in Vanguard funds. Temporary tax legislation provided relief from certain U.S. withholding taxes for certain properly reported distributions of qualifying interest income or short-term capital gain made by a fund to its non-U.S. investors, provided the investors furnished valid tax documentation (i.e., Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form W-8) certifying as to their non-U.S. status. This temporary exemption expired for taxable years of a fund beginning after 2014. In December 2015, Congress voted to reinstate retroactively the exemption for taxable years of a fund beginning after 2014 and made the exemption permanent for all future years. Because the relief was reinstated retroactively, investors may be able to reclaim the U.S. tax withheld on properly reported qualifying distributions in 2015 directly from the IRS.

A fund is permitted, but is not required, to report any of its distributions as eligible for such relief, and some distributions (e.g., distributions of interest a fund receives from non-U.S. issuers) are not eligible for this relief. For some funds, Vanguard has chosen to report qualifying distributions and apply the withholding exemption to those distributions when made to non-U.S. shareholders who invest directly with Vanguard. For other funds, Vanguard may choose not to apply the withholding exemption to qualifying fund distributions made to direct shareholders, but may provide the reporting to such shareholders. In these cases, a shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax directly from the IRS.

If shareholders hold fund shares (including ETF shares) through a broker or intermediary, their broker or intermediary may apply this relief to properly reported qualifying distributions made to shareholders with respect to those shares. If a shareholder’s broker or intermediary instead collects withholding tax where the fund has provided the proper reporting, the shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax from the IRS. Please consult your broker or intermediary regarding the application of these rules.

This relief does not apply to any withholding required under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which generally requires a fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on fund distributions and on the proceeds of the sale, the redemption, or the exchange of fund shares. Please consult your tax advisor for more information about these rules.

Please be aware that the U.S. tax information contained in this Statement of Additional Information is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding U.S. tax penalties.

Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors. Income of a fund that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the fund. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a fund if shares in the fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. See “Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits.”

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In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts that invest in a fund that invests directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Charitable remainder trusts and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a fund.

Warrants. Warrants are instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield in which payment and delivery take place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. When purchasing securities pursuant to one of these transactions, payment for the securities is not required until the delivery date. However, the purchaser assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risks of price and yield fluctuations and the risk that the security will not be issued as anticipated. When a fund has sold a security pursuant to one of these transactions, the fund does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss. A fund may renegotiate a when-issued or forward-commitment transaction and may sell the underlying securities before delivery, which may result in capital gains or losses for the fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Regulatory restrictions in India. Shares of Vanguard Windsor Fund have not been, and will not be, registered under the laws of India and are not intended to benefit from any laws in India promulgated for the protection of shareholders. As a result of regulatory requirements in India, shares of the Fund shall not be knowingly offered to (directly or indirectly) or sold or delivered to (within India); transferred to or purchased by; or held by, for, on the account of, or for the benefit of (i) a “person resident in India” (as defined under applicable Indian law), (ii) an “overseas corporate body” or a “person of Indian origin” (as defined under applicable Indian law), or (iii) any other entity or person disqualified or otherwise prohibited from accessing the Indian securities market under applicable laws, as may be amended from time to time. Investors, prior to purchasing shares of the Fund, must satisfy themselves regarding compliance with these requirements.

SHARE PRICE

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, called its net asset value, or NAV, that is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

The Exchange typically observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day. Although each Fund expects the same holidays to be observed in the future, the Exchange may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.

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PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Purchase of Shares

The purchase price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the purchase request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Exchange of Securities for Shares of a Fund. Shares of a Fund may be purchased “in kind” (i.e., in exchange for securities, rather than for cash) at the discretion of the Fund’s portfolio manager. Such securities must not be restricted as to transfer and must have a value that is readily ascertainable. Securities accepted by the Fund will be valued, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus, as of the time of the next determination of NAV after such acceptance. All dividend, subscription, or other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the Fund by the investor upon receipt from the issuer. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, depending upon the cost of the securities tendered, would be realized by the investor upon the exchange. Investors interested in purchasing fund shares in kind should contact Vanguard.

Redemption of Shares

The redemption price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Each Fund can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, each Fund can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days (1) during any period that the Exchange is closed or trading on the Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC; (2) during any period when an emergency exists, as defined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to fairly determine the value of its assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.

The Trust has filed a notice of election with the SEC to pay in cash all redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of a Fund at the beginning of such period.

If Vanguard determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of such securities received in payment of redemptions.

The Funds do not charge a redemption fee. Shares redeemed may be worth more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the securities held by the Funds.

Right to Change Policies

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

Each Fund has authorized certain agents to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders, and those agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf

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(collectively, Authorized Agents). The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an Authorized Agent accepts the order in accordance with the Fund’s instructions. In most instances, a customer order that is properly transmitted to an Authorized Agent will be priced at the NAV per share next determined after the order is received by the Authorized Agent.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

Vanguard

Each Fund is part of the Vanguard group of investment companies, which consists of more than 190 funds. Each fund is a series of a Delaware statutory trust, and through the trusts’ jointly owned subsidiary, Vanguard, the funds obtain at cost virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services. Vanguard also provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to several of the Vanguard funds.

Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment. Each fund pays its share of Vanguard’s total expenses, which are allocated among the funds under methods approved by the board of trustees of each fund. In addition, each fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees.

The funds’ officers are also employees of Vanguard.

Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation (VMC), the funds, and the funds’ advisors have adopted codes of ethics designed to prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the funds (access persons) from profiting from that information. The codes of ethics permit access persons to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be held by a fund, but place substantive and procedural restrictions on the trading activities of access persons. For example, the codes of ethics require that access persons receive advance approval for most securities trades to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the funds.

Vanguard was established and operates under an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. The Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement provides that each Vanguard fund may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its net assets in Vanguard. The amounts that each fund has invested are adjusted from time to time in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each fund’s relative net assets and its contribution to Vanguard’s capital.

As of October 31, 2015, each Fund had contributed capital to Vanguard as follows:

  Capital Percentage of Percent of
  Contribution Fund’s Average Vanguard’s
Vanguard Fund to Vanguard Net Assets Capitalization
Windsor Fund $1,518,000 0.01% 0.61%
Windsor II Fund 4,066,000 0.01 1.63

 

Management. Corporate management and administrative services include (1) executive staff, (2) accounting and financial, (3) legal and regulatory, (4) shareholder account maintenance, (5) monitoring and control of custodian relationships, (6) shareholder reporting, and (7) review and evaluation of advisory and other services provided to the funds by third parties.

Distribution. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, 400 Devon Park Drive A39, Wayne, PA 19087, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard, is the principal underwriter for the funds and in that capacity performs and finances marketing, promotional, and distribution activities (collectively, marketing and distribution activities) that are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares. VMC offers shares of each fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with the distribution of shares of the funds. VMC performs marketing and distribution activities at cost in accordance with the conditions of a 1981 SEC exemptive order that permits the Vanguard funds to internalize and jointly finance the marketing, promotion, and distribution of their shares. The funds’ trustees review and approve the marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the funds, including the nature and cost of the activities and the desirability of each fund’s continued participation in the joint arrangement.

To ensure that each fund’s participation in the joint arrangement falls within a reasonable range of fairness, each fund contributes to VMC’s marketing and distribution expenses in accordance with an SEC-approved formula. Under that

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formula, one half of the marketing and distribution expenses are allocated among the funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining half of those expenses are allocated among the funds based upon each fund’s sales for the preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the funds as a group, provided, however, that no fund’s aggregate quarterly rate of contribution for marketing and distribution expenses shall exceed 125% of the average marketing and distribution expense rate for Vanguard and that no fund shall incur annual marketing and distribution expenses in excess of 0.20% of its average month-end net assets. Each fund’s contribution to these marketing and distribution expenses helps to maintain and enhance the attractiveness and viability of the Vanguard complex as a whole, which benefits all of the funds and their shareholders.

VMC’s principal marketing and distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional materials, and marketing personnel. Other marketing and distribution activities of an administrative nature that VMC undertakes on behalf of the funds may include, but are not limited to:

  • Conducting or publishing Vanguard-generated research and analysis concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
  • Providing views, opinions, advice, or commentary concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
  • Providing analytical, statistical, performance, or other information concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
  • Providing administrative services in connection with investments in the funds or other investments, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services, and educational services.
  • Providing products or services that assist investors or financial service providers (as defined below) in the investment decision-making process.
  • Providing promotional discounts, commission-free trading, fee waivers, and other benefits to clients of Vanguard Brokerage Services® who maintain qualifying investments in the funds.
  • Sponsoring, jointly sponsoring, financially supporting, or participating in conferences, programs, seminars, presentations, meetings, or other events involving fund shareholders, financial service providers, or others concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy, such as industry conferences, prospecting trips, due diligence visits, training or education meetings, and sales presentations.

VMC performs most marketing and distribution activities itself. Some activities may be conducted by third parties pursuant to shared marketing arrangements under which VMC agrees to share the costs and performance of marketing and distribution activities in concert with a financial service provider. Financial service providers include, but are not limited to, investment advisors, broker-dealers, financial planners, financial consultants, banks, and insurance companies. Under these cost- and performance-sharing arrangements, VMC may pay or reimburse a financial service provider (or a third party it retains) for marketing and distribution activities that VMC would otherwise perform. VMC’s cost- and performance-sharing arrangements may be established in connection with Vanguard investment products or services offered or provided to or through the financial service providers. VMC’s arrangements for shared marketing and distribution activities may vary among financial service providers, and its payments or reimbursements to financial service providers in connection with shared marketing and distribution activities may be significant. VMC participates in an offshore arrangement established with a third party to provide marketing, promotional, and other services to qualifying Vanguard funds that are distributed in certain foreign countries on a private-placement basis to government-sponsored and other institutional investors. In exchange for such services, the third party receives an annual base (fixed) fee and may also receive discretionary fees or performance adjustments.

In connection with its marketing and distribution activities, VMC may give financial service providers (or their representatives) (1) promotional items of nominal value that display Vanguard’s logo, such as golf balls, shirts, towels, pens, and mouse pads; (2) gifts that do not exceed $100 per person annually and are not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; (3) an occasional meal, a ticket to a sporting event or the theater, or comparable entertainment that is neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of propriety and is not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; and (4) reasonable travel and lodging accommodations to facilitate participation in marketing and distribution activities.

VMC, as a matter of policy, does not pay asset-based fees, sales-based fees, or account-based fees to financial service providers in connection with its marketing and distribution activities for the Vanguard funds. VMC policy also prohibits marketing and distribution activities that are intended, designed, or likely to compromise suitability determinations by, or

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the fulfillment of any fiduciary duties or other obligations that apply to, financial service providers. Nonetheless, VMC’s marketing and distribution activities are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares, and as such, its activities, including shared marketing and distribution activities, may influence participating financial service providers (or their representatives) to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. In addition, Vanguard or any of its subsidiaries may retain a financial service provider to provide consulting or other services, and that financial service provider also may provide services to investors. Investors should consider the possibility that any of these activities or relationships may influence a financial service provider’s (or its representatives’) decision to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. Each financial service provider should consider its suitability determinations, fiduciary duties, and other legal obligations (or those of its representatives) in connection with any decision to consider, recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class.

The following table describes the expenses of Vanguard and VMC that are incurred by the Funds on an at-cost basis. Amounts captioned “Management and Administrative Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the management, administrative, and transfer agency services Vanguard provides to the funds. Amounts captioned “Marketing and Distribution Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the marketing and distribution activities that VMC conducts on behalf of the Vanguard funds.

As is the case with all mutual funds, transaction costs incurred by the Funds for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses are based on expenses incurred in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, and are presented as a percentage of each Fund‘s average month-end net assets.

Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses
(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)
Vanguard Fund 2013 2014 2015
Windsor Fund      
Management and Administrative Expenses 0.16% 0.16% 0.15%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses 0.01 0.01 0.01
Windsor II Fund      
Management and Administrative Expenses 0.16% 0.15% 0.15%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses 0.02 0.02 0.01

 

The Windsor II Fund’s investment advisors may direct certain security trades, subject to obtaining the best price and execution, to brokers who have agreed to rebate to the Fund part of the commissions generated. Such rebates are used solely to reduce the Fund’s management and administrative expenses and are not reflected in these totals.

Officers and Trustees

Each Vanguard fund is governed by the board of trustees of its trust and a single set of officers. Consistent with the board’s corporate governance principles, the trustees believe that their primary responsibility is oversight of the management of each fund for the benefit of its shareholders, not day-to-day management. The trustees set broad policies for the funds; select investment advisors; monitor fund operations, regulatory compliance, performance, and costs; nominate and select new trustees; and elect fund officers. Vanguard manages the day-to-day operations of the funds under the direction of the board of trustees.

The trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the funds. The trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the funds to various groups, including portfolio review, investment management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and fund financial services. These groups provide the trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The trustees also oversee risk management for the funds through regular interactions with the funds’ internal and external auditors.

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The full board participates in the funds’ risk oversight, in part, through the Vanguard funds’ compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: investment and other operations; recordkeeping; valuation and pricing; communications and disclosure; reporting and accounting; oversight of service providers; fund governance; and codes of ethics, insider trading controls, and protection of nonpublic information. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the funds. The funds’ chief compliance officer regularly provides reports to the board in writing and in person.

The audit committee of the board, which is composed of all independent trustees, oversees management of financial risks and controls. The audit committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the funds and the board with respect to financial statements and financial-reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Vanguard’s head of internal audit reports directly to the audit committee and provides reports to the committee in writing and in person on a regular basis. Although the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the entire board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.

All of the trustees bring to each fund’s board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives (in many cases chief executive officers), board members, and leaders of diverse public operating companies, academic institutions, and other organizations. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a trustee of the funds, the board considers a wide variety of information about the trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the board’s decision. Each trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the funds and their shareholders because each trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the board. The board also considers the individual experience of each trustee and determines that the trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the board. The business acumen, experience, and objective thinking of the trustees are considered invaluable assets for Vanguard management and, ultimately, the Vanguard funds’ shareholders. The specific roles and experience of each board member that factor into this determination are presented on the following pages. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

      Principal Occupation(s) Number of
    Vanguard and Outside Directorships Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ During the Past Five Years Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held With Funds Officer Since and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
Interested Trustee1        
F. William McNabb III(1957) Chairman of the July 2009 Mr. McNabb has served as Chairman of the Board of 196
  Board, Chief   Vanguard and of each of the investment companies  
  Executive Officer,   served by Vanguard, since January 2010; Trustee of  
  and President   each of the investment companies served by  
      Vanguard, since 2009; Director of Vanguard since  
      2008; and Chief Executive Officer and President of  
      Vanguard and of each of the investment companies  
      served by Vanguard, since 2008. Mr. McNabb also  
      serves as a Director of Vanguard Marketing  
      Corporation. Mr. McNabb served as a Managing  
      Director of Vanguard from 1995 to 2008.  

 

1 Mr. McNabb is considered an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because he is an officer of the Trust.

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      Principal Occupation(s) Number of
    Vanguard and Outside Directorships Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ During the Past Five Years Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held With Funds Officer Since and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
Independent Trustees        
Emerson U. Fullwood Trustee January 2008 Mr. Fullwood is the former Executive Chief Staff and 196
(1948)     Marketing Officer for North America and Corporate  
      Vice President (retired 2008) of Xerox Corporation  
      (document management products and services).  
      Previous positions held at Xerox by Mr. Fullwood include  
      President of the Worldwide Channels Group, President  
      of Latin America, Executive Chief Staff Officer of  
      Developing Markets, and President of Worldwide  
      Customer Services. Mr. Fullwood is the Executive in  
      Residence and 2009–2010 Distinguished Minett  
      Professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology.  
      Mr. Fullwood serves as Lead Director of SPX FLOW, Inc.  
      (multi-industry manufacturing) and also serves as a  
      Director of the University of Rochester Medical Center,  
      Monroe Community College Foundation, the United  
      Way of Rochester, North Carolina A&T University, and  
      Roberts Wesleyan College.  
 
Rajiv L. Gupta Trustee December 2001 Mr. Gupta is the former Chairman and Chief Executive 196
(1945)     Officer (retired 2009) and President (2006–2008) of  
      Rohm and Haas Co. (chemicals). Mr. Gupta serves as a  
      Director of Tyco International PLC (diversified  
      manufacturing and services), HP Inc. (printer and  
      personal computer manufacturing), and Delphi  
      Automotive PLC (automotive components) and as  
      Senior Advisor at New Mountain Capital.  
 
Amy Gutmann Trustee June 2006 Dr. Gutmann has served as the President of the 196
(1949)     University of Pennsylvania since 2004. She is the  
      Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of  
      Political Science, School of Arts and Sciences, and  
      Professor of Communication, Annenberg School for  
      Communication, with secondary faculty appointments  
      in the Department of Philosophy, School of Arts and  
      Sciences, and at the Graduate School of Education,  
      University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Gutmann also serves  
      as a Trustee of the National Constitution Center.  
      Dr. Gutmann is Chair of the Presidential Commission  
      for the Study of Bioethical Issues.  
 
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Trustee July 1998 Ms. Heisen is the former Corporate Vice President 196
(1950)     and Chief Global Diversity Officer (retired 2008)  
      and a former member of the Executive Committee  
      (1997–2008) of Johnson & Johnson (pharmaceuticals/  
      medical devices/consumer products). Ms. Heisen  
      served as Vice President and Chief Information Officer  
      of Johnson & Johnson from 1997 to 2005. Ms. Heisen  
      serves as a Director of Skytop Lodge Corporation  
      (hotels) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and  
      as a member of the Advisory Board of the Institute for  
      Women’s Leadership at Rutgers University.  

 

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      Principal Occupation(s) Number of
    Vanguard and Outside Directorships Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ During the Past Five Years Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held With Funds Officer Since and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
F. Joseph Loughrey Trustee October 2009 Mr. Loughrey is the former President and Chief 196
(1949)     Operating Officer (retired 2009) and Vice Chairman of  
      the Board (2008–2009) of Cummins Inc. (industrial  
      machinery). Mr. Loughrey serves as Chairman of the  
      Board of Hillenbrand, Inc. (specialized consumer  
      services) and of Oxfam America; as a Director of  
      SKF AB (industrial machinery), Hyster-Yale Materials  
      Handling, Inc. (forklift trucks), the Lumina Foundation  
      for Education, and the V Foundation for Cancer  
      Research; and as a member of the Advisory Council for  
      the College of Arts and Letters and of the Advisory  
      Board to the Kellogg Institute for International Studies,  
      both at the University of Notre Dame.  
 
Mark Loughridge Lead Independent March 2012 Mr. Loughridge is the former Senior Vice President and 196
(1953) Trustee   Chief Financial Officer (retired 2013) at IBM  
      (information technology services). Mr. Loughridge also  
      served as a fiduciary member of IBM’s Retirement Plan  
      Committee (2004–2013). Previous positions held by Mr.  
      Loughridge at IBM include Senior Vice President and  
      General Manager of Global Financing (2002–2004),  
      Vice President and Controller (1998–2002), and a  
      variety of management roles. Mr. Loughridge serves as  
      a Director of The Dow Chemical Company and as a  
      member of the Council on Chicago Booth.  
 
Scott C. Malpass Trustee March 2012 Mr. Malpass has served as Chief Investment Officer 196
(1962)     since 1989 and Vice President since 1996 at the  
      University of Notre Dame. Mr. Malpass serves as an  
      Assistant Professor of Finance at the Mendoza College  
      of Business at the University of Notre Dame and is a  
      member of the Notre Dame 403(b) Investment  
      Committee. Mr. Malpass also serves on the boards of  
      TIFF Advisory Services, Inc., and Catholic Investment  
      Services, Inc. (investment advisors); as a member of  
      the board of advisors for Spruceview Capital Partners;  
      and as a member of the investment advisory  
      committee of Major League Baseball.  
 
André F. Perold Trustee December 2004 Dr. Perold is the George Gund Professor of Finance 196
(1952)     and Banking, Emeritus at the Harvard Business School  
      (retired 2011). Dr. Perold serves as Chief Investment  
      Officer and Managing Partner of HighVista Strategies  
      LLC (private investment firm). Dr. Perold also serves as  
      a Director of Rand Merchant Bank and as an Overseer  
      of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston.  

 

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      Principal Occupation(s) Number of
    Vanguard and Outside Directorships Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ During the Past Five Years Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held With Funds Officer Since and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
Peter F. Volanakis(1955) Trustee July 2009 Mr. Volanakis is the retired President and Chief 196
      Operating Officer (retired 2010) of Corning  
      Incorporated (communications equipment) and a  
      former Director of Corning Incorporated (2000–2010)  
      and of Dow Corning (2001–2010). Mr. Volanakis served  
      as a Director of SPX Corporation (multi-industry  
      manufacturing) in 2012 and as an Overseer of the  
      Amos Tuck School of Business Administration at  
      Dartmouth College from 2001 to 2013. Mr. Volanakis  
      serves as a Trustee of Colby-Sawyer College and  
      Chairman of Colby-Sawyer’s Finance and Enrollment  
      Committee, and also serves as a member of the  
      Advisory Board of the Norris Cotton Cancer Center.  
 
Executive Officers        
Glenn Booraem Treasurer July 2010 Mr. Booraem, a Principal of Vanguard, has served as 196
(1967)     Treasurer of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, since May 2015. Mr. Booraem served as  
      Controller of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, from 2010 to 2015, and as Assistant  
      Controller of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, from 2001 to 2010.  
 
Thomas J. Higgins Chief Financial September 2008 Mr. Higgins, a Principal of Vanguard, has served as Chief 196
(1957) Officer   Financial Officer of each of the investment companies  
      served by Vanguard, since 2008. Mr. Higgins served as  
      Treasurer of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, from 1998 to 2008.  
 
Peter Mahoney Controller May 2015 Mr. Mahoney, head of Global Fund Accounting at 196
(1974)     Vanguard, has served as Controller of each of the  
      investment companies served by Vanguard, since  
      May 2015. Mr. Mahoney served as head of International  
      Fund Services at Vanguard from 2008 to 2014.  
 
Heidi Stam Secretary July 2005 Ms. Stam has served as a Managing Director of 196
(1956)     Vanguard since 2006; General Counsel of Vanguard  
      since 2005; Secretary of Vanguard and of each of the  
      investment companies served by Vanguard, since  
      2005; and Director and Senior Vice President of  
      Vanguard Marketing Corporation since 2005. Ms. Stam  
      served as a Principal of Vanguard from 1997 to 2006.  

 

All but one of the trustees are independent. The independent trustees designate a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee is a spokesperson and principal point of contact for the independent trustees and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the independent trustees, including calling regular executive sessions of the independent trustees; developing the agenda of each meeting together with the chairman; and chairing the meetings of the independent trustees, including the meetings of the audit, compensation, and nominating committees. The board also has two investment committees, which consist of independent trustees and the sole interested trustee.

The independent trustees appoint the chairman of the board. The roles of chairman of the board and chief executive officer currently are held by the same person; as a result, the chairman of the board is an “interested” trustee. The independent trustees generally believe that the Vanguard funds’ chief executive officer is best qualified to serve as chairman and that fund shareholders benefit from this leadership structure through accountability and strong day-to-day leadership.

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Board Committees: The Trust‘s board has the following committees:

  • Audit Committee: This committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting policies, the systems of internal controls, and the independent audits of each fund. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held five meetings during the Funds‘ fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
  • Compensation Committee: This committee oversees the compensation programs established by each fund for the benefit of its trustees. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held two meetings during the Funds‘ fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
  • Investment Committees: These committees assist the board in its oversight of investment advisors to the funds and in the review and evaluation of materials relating to the board’s consideration of investment advisory agreements with the funds. Each trustee serves on one of two investment committees. Each investment committee held three meetings during the Funds‘ fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.
  • Nominating Committee: This committee nominates candidates for election to the board of trustees of each fund. The committee also has the authority to recommend the removal of any trustee. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held four meetings during the Funds‘ fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.

The Nominating Committee will consider shareholder recommendations for trustee nominees. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Loughridge, chairman of the committee.

Trustee Compensation

The same individuals serve as trustees of all Vanguard funds and each fund pays a proportionate share of the trustees’ compensation. The funds also employ their officers on a shared basis; however, officers are compensated by Vanguard, not the funds.

Independent Trustees. The funds compensate their independent trustees (i.e., the ones who are not also officers of the funds) in three ways:

  • The independent trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the funds, which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled board meetings.
  • The independent trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that they incur in attending board meetings.
  • Upon retirement (after attaining age 65 and completing five years of service), the independent trustees who began their service prior to January 1, 2001, receive a retirement benefit under a separate account arrangement. As of January 1, 2001, the opening balance of each eligible trustee’s separate account was generally equal to the net present value of the benefits he or she had accrued under the trustees’ former retirement plan. Each eligible trustee’s separate account will be credited annually with interest at a rate of 7.5% until the trustee receives his or her final distribution. Those independent trustees who began their service on or after January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the plan.

“Interested” Trustee. Mr. McNabb serves as trustee but is not paid in this capacity. He is, however, paid in his role as an officer of Vanguard.

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Compensation Table. The following table provides compensation details for each of the trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation and accrued as retirement benefits by the Funds for each trustee. In addition, the table shows the total amount of benefits that we expect each trustee to receive from all Vanguard funds upon retirement and the total amount of compensation paid to each trustee by all Vanguard funds.

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS
TRUSTEES’ COMPENSATION TABLE
 
    Pension or Retirement Accrued Annual Total Compensation
  Aggregate Benefits Accrued Retirement From All Vanguard
  Compensation as Part of the Benefit at Funds Paid
Trustee From the Funds1 Funds’ Expenses1 January 1, 20162 to Trustees3
F. William McNabb III
Emerson U. Fullwood $12,042 $230,000
Rajiv L. Gupta 12,042 223,500
Amy Gutmann 12,042 230,000
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen 12,042 $224 $6,985 230,000
F. Joseph Loughrey 12,042 230,000
Mark Loughridge 13,156 260,000
Scott C. Malpass 12,042 223,500
André F. Perold 12,042 230,000
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.4 3,338 102
Peter F. Volanakis 12,042 230,000
1 The amounts shown in this column are based on the Trust‘s fiscal year ended October 31, 2015. Each Fund within the Trust is responsible
for a proportionate share of these amounts.      
2 Each trustee is eligible to receive retirement benefits only after completing at least 5 years (60 consecutive months) of service as a trustee
for the Vanguard funds. The annual retirement benefit will be paid in monthly installments, beginning with the month following the trustee’s
retirement from service, and will cease after 10 years of payments (120 monthly installments). Trustees who began their service on or after
January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the retirement benefit plan.    
3 The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to each trustee for his or her service as trustee of 194 Vanguard
funds for the 2015 calendar year.        
4 Mr. Rankin retired from the Funds’ board of trustees effective December 31, 2014.    

 

Ownership of Fund Shares

All trustees allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own investment needs. The following table shows each trustee’s ownership of shares of each Fund and of all Vanguard funds served by the trustee as of December 31, 2015.

    Dollar Range of Aggregate Dollar Range of
    Fund Shares Vanguard Fund Shares
Vanguard Fund Trustee Owned by Trustee Owned by Trustee
Windsor Fund Emerson U. Fullwood Over $100,000
  Rajiv L. Gupta Over $100,000
  Amy Gutmann Over $100,000
  JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Over $100,000
  F. Joseph Loughrey Over $100,000
  Mark Loughridge Over $100,000
  Scott C. Malpass Over $100,000
  F. William McNabb III Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  André F. Perold Over $100,000
  Peter F. Volanakis Over $100,000

 

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    Dollar Range of Aggregate Dollar Range of
    Fund Shares Vanguard Fund Shares
Vanguard Fund Trustee Owned by Trustee Owned by Trustee
Windsor II Fund Emerson U. Fullwood Over $100,000
  Rajiv L. Gupta Over $100,000
  Amy Gutmann Over $100,000
  JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  F. Joseph Loughrey Over $100,000
  Mark Loughridge Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  Scott C. Malpass Over $100,000
  F. William McNabb III Over $100,000
  André F. Perold Over $100,000
  Peter F. Volanakis Over $100,000

 

As of January 31, 2016, the trustees and officers of the funds owned, in the aggregate, less than 1% of each class of each fund’s outstanding shares.

As of January 31, 2016, the following owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class: Vanguard Windsor Fund—Investor Shares: Vanguard STAR Fund, Valley Forge, PA (29.15%); Vanguard Windsor Fund—Admiral Shares: FedEx Corporation Retirement Savings Plan, Memphis, TN (7.86%); Vanguard Windsor II Fund—Investor Shares: Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company, Houston, TX (11.23%); Vanguard STAR Fund, Valley Forge, PA (18.51%); Vanguard Windsor II Fund—Admiral Shares: Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Co. Inc., Covington, KY (7.36%).

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures

Introduction

Vanguard and the boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds (Boards) have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures (Policies and Procedures) to govern the disclosure of the portfolio holdings of each Vanguard fund. Vanguard and the Boards considered each of the circumstances under which Vanguard fund portfolio holdings may be disclosed to different categories of persons under the Policies and Procedures. Vanguard and the Boards also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the fund’s investment advisor, distributor, or any affiliated person of the fund, its investment advisor, or its distributor, on the other. After giving due consideration to such matters and after the exercise of their fiduciary duties and reasonable business judgment, Vanguard and the Boards determined that the Vanguard funds have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to the persons described in each of the circumstances set forth in the Policies and Procedures and that the Policies and Procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that disclosure of portfolio holdings and information about portfolio holdings is in the best interests of fund shareholders and appropriately addresses the potential for material conflicts of interest.

The Boards exercise continuing oversight of the disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Policies and Procedures, the Code of Ethics, and the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information (collectively, the portfolio holdings governing policies) by the chief compliance officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds; (2) considering reports and recommendations by the chief compliance officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) that may arise in connection with any portfolio holdings governing policies; and (3) considering whether to approve or ratify any amendment to any portfolio holdings governing policies. Vanguard and the Boards reserve the right to amend the Policies and Procedures at any time and from time to time without prior notice at their sole discretion. For purposes of the Policies and Procedures, the term “portfolio holdings” means the equity and debt securities (e.g., stocks and bonds) held by a Vanguard fund and does not mean the cash investments, derivatives, and other investment positions (collectively, other investment positions) held by the fund.

Online Disclosure of Ten Largest Stock Holdings

Each actively managed Vanguard fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent

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calendar quarter (quarter-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. In addition, Vanguard funds generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the aggregate percentage of the fund’s total assets (and, for balanced funds, the aggregate percentage of the fund’s equity securities) that these holdings represent as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 10 business days after the end of the month. Together, the quarter-end and month-end ten largest stock holdings are referred to as the ten largest stock holdings. Online disclosure of the ten largest stock holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons.

Online Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings

Each actively managed Vanguard fund, unless otherwise stated, generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. In accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, each of the Vanguard money market funds will disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, no later than the fifth business day of the current month. The complete portfolio holdings information for money market funds will remain available online for at least six months after the initial posting. Vanguard Market Neutral Fund and Vanguard Alternative Strategies Fund generally will seek to disclose the Fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 60 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. Online disclosure of complete portfolio holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department will review complete portfolio holdings before disclosure is made and, except with respect to the complete portfolio holdings of the Vanguard money market funds, may withhold any portion of the fund’s complete portfolio holdings from disclosure when deemed to be in the best interests of the fund after consultation with a Vanguard fund’s investment advisor.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Service Providers Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard, for legitimate business purposes, may disclose Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings at times it deems necessary and appropriate to rating and ranking organizations; financial printers; proxy voting service providers; pricing information vendors; issuers of guaranteed investment contracts for stable value portfolios; third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services; and other third parties that provide services (collectively, Service Providers) to Vanguard, Vanguard subsidiaries, and/or the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider is conditioned on the Service Provider being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed to a Service Provider, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the Service Provider, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to a Service Provider varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings by Vanguard to a Service Provider must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review or Legal Department. Any disclosure of Vanguard

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fund complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Service Providers as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Abel/Noser Corporation; Advisor Software, Inc.; Alcom Printing Group Inc.; Apple Press, L.C.; Bloomberg L.P.; Brilliant Graphics, Inc.; Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.; Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; Canon Business Process Services; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Innovation Printing & Communications; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Intelligencer Printing Company; Investment Technology Group, Inc.; Lipper, Inc.; Markit WSO Corporation; McMunn Associates Inc.; Reuters America Inc.; R.R. Donnelley, Inc.; State Street Bank and Trust Company; Trade Informatics LLC; Triune Color Corporation; and Tursack Printing Inc.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Vanguard Affiliates and Certain Fiduciaries Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among the following persons (collectively, Affiliates and Fiduciaries) for legitimate business purposes within the scope of their official duties and responsibilities, subject to such persons’ continuing legal duty of confidentiality and legal duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information, as such duties are imposed under the Code of Ethics, the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information, by agreement, or under applicable laws, rules, and regulations: (1) persons who are subject to the Code of Ethics or the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information; (2) an investment advisor, distributor, administrator, transfer agent, or custodian to a Vanguard fund; (3) an accounting firm, an auditing firm, or outside legal counsel retained by Vanguard, a Vanguard subsidiary, or a Vanguard fund; (4) an investment advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed for due diligence purposes when the advisor is in merger or acquisition talks with a Vanguard fund’s current advisor; and (5) a newly hired investment advisor or sub-advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed prior to the time it commences its duties.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed between and among the Affiliates and Fiduciaries, is determined by such Affiliates and Fiduciaries based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to any Affiliates and Fiduciaries as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund to Affiliates and Fiduciaries must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Affiliates and Fiduciaries as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Vanguard and each investment advisor, custodian, and independent registered public accounting firm identified in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings to Broker-Dealers in the Normal Course of Managing a Fund’s Assets

An investment advisor, administrator, or custodian for a Vanguard fund may, for legitimate business purposes within the scope of its official duties and responsibilities, disclose portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up the fund to one or more broker-dealers during the course of, or in connection with, normal day-to-day securities and derivatives transactions with or through such broker-dealers subject to the broker-dealer’s legal obligation not to use or disclose material nonpublic information concerning the fund’s portfolio holdings, other investment positions, securities transactions, or derivatives transactions without the consent of the fund or its agents. The Vanguard funds have not given their consent to any such use or disclosure and no person or agent of Vanguard is authorized to give such consent except as approved in writing by the Boards of the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard to broker-dealers must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

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Disclosure of Nonmaterial Information

The Policies and Procedures permit Vanguard fund officers, Vanguard fund portfolio managers, and other Vanguard representatives (collectively, Approved Vanguard Representatives) to disclose any views, opinions, judgments, advice, or commentary, or any analytical, statistical, performance, or other information, in connection with or relating to a Vanguard fund or its portfolio holdings and/or other investment positions (collectively, commentary and analysis) or any changes in the portfolio holdings of a Vanguard fund that occurred after the end of the most recent calendar quarter (recent portfolio changes) to any person if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose, (2) such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings of any Vanguard fund (which can be disclosed only in accordance with the Policies and Procedures), and (3) such information does not constitute material nonpublic information. Disclosure of commentary and analysis or recent portfolio changes by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

An Approved Vanguard Representative must make a good faith determination whether the information constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases recent portfolio changes that involve a few or even several securities in a diversified portfolio or commentary and analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making an investment decision concerning a Vanguard fund. Nonexclusive examples of commentary and analysis about a Vanguard fund include (1) the allocation of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries; (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (3) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country; and (4) the volatility characteristics of the fund. Approved Vanguard Representatives may, at their sole discretion, deny any request for information made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Approved Vanguard Representatives include, for purposes of the Policies and Procedures, persons employed by or associated with Vanguard or a subsidiary of Vanguard who have been authorized by Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department to disclose recent portfolio changes and/or commentary and analysis in accordance with the Policies and Procedures.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Related Information to the Issuer of a Security for Legitimate Business Purposes

Vanguard, at its sole discretion, may disclose portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security if the issuer presents, to the satisfaction of Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit, convincing evidence that the issuer has a legitimate business purpose for such information. Disclosure of this information to an issuer is conditioned on the issuer being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information. The frequency with which portfolio holdings information concerning a security may be disclosed to the issuer of such security, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the issuer, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to an issuer cannot be determined in advance of a specific request and will vary based upon the particular facts and circumstances and the legitimate business purposes, but in unusual situations could be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review or Legal Department.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings as Required by Applicable Law

Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up a fund shall be disclosed to any person as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Examples of such required disclosure include, but are not limited to, disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (1) in a filing or submission with the SEC or another regulatory body, (2) in connection with seeking recovery on defaulted bonds in a federal bankruptcy case, (3) in connection with a lawsuit, or (4) as required by court order. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

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Prohibitions on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

No person is authorized to disclose Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions (whether online at vanguard.com, in writing, by fax, by e-mail, orally, or by other means) except in accordance with the Policies and Procedures. In addition, no person is authorized to make disclosure pursuant to the Policies and Procedures if such disclosure is otherwise unlawful under the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). Furthermore, Vanguard’s management, at its sole discretion, may determine not to disclose portfolio holdings or other investment positions that make up a Vanguard fund to any person who would otherwise be eligible to receive such information under the Policies and Procedures, or may determine to make such disclosures publicly as provided by the Policies and Procedures.

Prohibitions on Receipt of Compensation or Other Consideration

The Policies and Procedures prohibit a Vanguard fund, its investment advisor, and any other person or entity from paying or receiving any compensation or other consideration of any type for the purpose of obtaining disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions. “Consideration” includes any agreement to maintain assets in the fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the investment advisor or by any affiliated person of the investment advisor.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES

The Trust currently uses seven investment advisors:

  • Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.
  • Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.
  • Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.
  • Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund.
  • Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.
  • Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund.
  • Vanguard provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.

The Trust previously employed one other investment advisor:

  • Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. provided investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund from 2006 to 2014.

For funds that are advised by independent third-party advisory firms unaffiliated with Vanguard, the board of trustees of each fund hires investment advisory firms, not individual portfolio managers, to provide investment advisory services to such funds. Vanguard negotiates each advisory agreement, which contains advisory fee arrangements, on an arm’s length basis with the advisory firm. Each advisory agreement is reviewed annually by each fund’s board of trustees, taking into account numerous factors, which include, without limitation, the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided; investment performance; and the fair market value of the services provided. Each advisory agreement is between the Trust and the advisory firm, not between the Trust and the portfolio manager. The structure of the advisory fee paid to each unaffiliated investment advisory firm is described in the following sections. In addition, each firm has established policies and procedures designed to address the potential for conflicts of interest. Each firm’s compensation structure and management of potential conflicts of interest are summarized by the advisory firm in the following sections for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.

A fund is a party to an investment advisory agreement with each of its independent third-party advisors whereby the advisor manages the investment and reinvestment of the portion of the fund’s assets that the fund’s board of trustees determines to assign to the advisor. In this capacity, each advisor continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the

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investment program for its portion of the fund’s assets. Hereafter, each portion will be referred to as the advisor’s Portfolio. Each advisor discharges its responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group and the officers and trustees of the fund. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group is responsible for recommending changes in a fund’s advisory arrangements to the fund’s board of trustees, including changes in the amount of assets allocated to each advisor and recommendations to hire, terminate, or replace an advisor.

I. Vanguard Windsor Fund

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Pzena) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, Vanguard Windsor Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees of $18,506,000 (before a performance-based increase of $2,314,000), $22,266,000 (before a performance-based increase of $4,612,000), and $23,280,000 (before a performance-based increase of $5,817,000), respectively.

A. Pzena Investment Management (Pzena)

Pzena, based in New York, New York, was founded in 1995. In 2007, the firm completed an initial public offering, whereby the majority ownership of the firm was retained by the members of the Executive Committee and other employees.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Richard Pzena co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $17.6 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Pzena also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $4.3 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $1.3 billion), 23 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $728 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 84 other accounts with total assets of $3.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 2 of these accounts with total assets of $728 million).

John P. Goetz co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $17.6 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Goetz also managed 11 other registered investment companies with total assets of $3.6 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $60 million), 41 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $4.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 2 of these accounts with total assets of $391 million), and 54 other accounts with total assets of $8.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $73 million).

Benjamin S. Silver co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $17.6 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Silver also managed 7 other registered investment companies with total assets of $2.7 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), 29 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $731 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 106 other accounts with total assets of $4.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 3 of these accounts with total assets of $735 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Conflicts of interest may arise in managing the Pzena Portfolio’s investments, on the one hand, and the portfolios of Pzena’s other clients and/or accounts (together “Accounts”), on the other. Set forth below is a brief description of some of the material conflicts that may arise and Pzena’s policy or procedure for handling them. Although Pzena has designed such procedures to prevent and address conflicts, there is no guarantee that these procedures will detect every situation in which a conflict could arise.

The management of multiple Accounts inherently carries the risk that there may be competing interests for the portfolio management team’s time and attention. Pzena seeks to minimize this by using one investment approach (i.e., classic value investing) and by managing all Accounts on a product-specific basis. All Accounts with the same investment style,

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whether they are mutual fund accounts, institutional accounts, or individual accounts, are managed using the same investment discipline, strategy, and proprietary investment model.

If the portfolio management team identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one Account, the Pzena Portfolio may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity. However, Pzena has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across Accounts so that each Account is treated fairly. With respect to partial fills for an order, depending on the size of the execution, Pzena may choose to allocate the executed shares through pro-rata breakdown or on a random basis. As with all trade allocations, each Account generally receives pro-rata allocations of any new issue or IPO security that is appropriate for its investment objective. Permissible reasons for excluding an Account from an otherwise acceptable IPO or new-issue investment include the Account having FINRA restricted person status, lack of available cash to make the purchase, or a client-imposed trading prohibition on IPOs or on the business of the issuer.

With respect to securities transactions for the Accounts, Pzena determines which broker to use to execute each order consistent with its duty to seek best execution. Pzena aggregates like orders when it believes doing so will be beneficial to the Accounts. However, for certain Accounts, Pzena may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Pzena may place separate, nonsimultaneous transactions for the Pzena Portfolio and another Account, which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction to the detriment of one or the other.

Conflicts of interest may arise when members of the portfolio management team transact personally in securities investments made or to be made for the Pzena Portfolio or other Accounts. To address this, Pzena has adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics designed to prevent and detect personal trading activities that may interfere or conflict with client interests (including Fund shareholders’ interests) or its current investment strategy. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics generally requires that most transactions in securities by Pzena’s Access Persons and certain related persons, whether or not such securities are purchased or sold on behalf of the Accounts, be cleared prior to execution by appropriate approving parties and compliance personnel. Securities transactions for Access Persons’ personal accounts also are subject to reporting requirements and annual and quarterly certification requirements. In addition, no Access Person shall be permitted to effect a short-term trade (i.e., to purchase and subsequently sell within 60 calendar days, or to sell and subsequently purchase within 60 calendar days) of non-exempt securities. Finally, orders for proprietary accounts (i.e., accounts of Pzena’s principals, affiliates, or employees, or their immediate family that are managed by Pzena) are subject to written trade allocation procedures designed to ensure fair treatment of client accounts.

Pzena manages some Accounts under performance-based fee arrangements. Pzena recognizes that this type of incentive compensation creates the risk for potential conflicts of interest. This structure may create inherent pressure to allocate investments having a greater potential for higher returns to those Accounts with higher performance fees. To prevent conflicts of interest associated with managing accounts with different fee structures, Pzena generally requires portfolio decisions to be made on a product-specific basis. Pzena also requires pre-allocation of all client orders based on specific fee-neutral criteria set forth above. Additionally, Pzena requires average pricing of all aggregated orders. Finally, Pzena has adopted a policy prohibiting portfolio managers (and all employees) from placing the investment interests of one client or a group of clients with the same investment objectives above the investment interests of any other client or group of clients with the same or similar investment objectives. These measures help Pzena mitigate some of the conflicts that its management of private investment companies would otherwise present. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Mr. Pzena, Mr. Goetz, Mr. Silver, and the other investment professionals at Pzena are compensated through a combination of a fixed base salary, performance bonus, and equity ownership, if appropriate, due to superior personal performance. The time frame Pzena examines for bonus compensation is annual. Pzena considers both quantitative and qualitative factors when determining performance bonuses; however, performance bonuses are not based on Fund performance or assets of the Fund. For investment professionals, Pzena examines such things as effort, efficiency, ability to focus on the correct issues, stock modeling ability, and ability to successfully interact with company management. However, Pzena always looks at the person as a whole and the contributions that he/she has made and is likely to make in the future. Pzena avoids a compensation model that is driven by individual security

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performance, as this can lead to short-term thinking which is contrary to the firm's value investment philosophy. Ultimately, equity ownership is the primary tool used by Pzena for attracting and retaining the best people. This ties personnel to long term performance as the value of their ownership stake depends on our delivering superior long term results to our investors. Mr. Pzena, Mr. Goetz, and Mr. Silver are equity owners of Pzena.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Pzena, Mr. Goetz, and Mr. Silver did not own any shares of Vanguard Windsor Fund.

B. Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Wellington Management is a Delaware private limited liability partnership with principal offices at 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210. As of October 31, 2015, the firm is owned by 140 partners, all fully active in the firm. Wellington Management is a professional investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 80 years. Wellington Management is owned by the partners of Wellington Management Group LLP, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership.

1. Other Accounts Managed

James N. Mordy manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $17.6 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Mordy also managed 13 other registered investment companies with total assets of $4.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $638 million), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $534 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 7 other accounts with total assets of $1.3 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $26 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Individual investment professionals at Wellington Management manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions, such as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations, or separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries), bank common trust accounts, and hedge funds. The Wellington Management Portfolio’s manager listed in the prospectus, who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Wellington Management Portfolio (Portfolio Manager), generally manages accounts in several different investment styles. These accounts may have investment objectives, strategies, time horizons, tax considerations, and risk profiles that differ from those of the Fund. The Portfolio Manager makes investment decisions for each account, including the Wellington Management Portfolio, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax, and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Portfolio Manager may purchase or sell securities, including initial public offerings (IPOs), for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the Wellington Management Portfolio, and thus the accounts may have similar—and in some cases nearly identical—objectives, strategies, and/or holdings to those of the Wellington Management Portfolio.

The Portfolio Manager or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Wellington Management Portfolio or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Wellington Management Portfolio, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Wellington Management Portfolio depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, the Portfolio Manager may purchase the same security for the Wellington Management Portfolio and one or more other accounts at or about the same time. In those instances the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the Wellington Management Portfolio’s holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the Wellington Management Portfolio. Mr. Mordy also manages accounts which pay performance allocations to Wellington Management or its affiliates. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Portfolio Manager are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the

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manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager. Finally, the Portfolio Manager may hold shares or investments in the other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts previously identified.

Wellington Management’s goal is to meet its fiduciary obligation to treat all clients fairly and provide high-quality investment services to all of its clients. Wellington Management has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, Wellington Management monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary account guidelines, the allocation of IPOs, and compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics, and places additional investment restrictions on investment professionals who manage hedge funds and certain other accounts. Furthermore, senior investment and business personnel at Wellington Management periodically review the performance of Wellington Management’s investment professionals. Although Wellington Management does not track the time an investment professional spends on a single account, Wellington Management does periodically assess whether an investment professional has adequate time and resources to effectively manage the investment professional’s various client mandates.

3. Description of Compensation

Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of the Wellington Management Portfolio as set forth in the Investment Advisory Agreement between Wellington Management and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the advisory fee earned with respect to the Wellington Management Portfolio. The following information relates to the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015.

Wellington Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high-quality investment management services to its clients. Wellington Management’s compensation of the named Portfolio Manager, who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, includes a base salary and incentive components. The base salary for each Portfolio Manager who is a partner (a “Partner”) of Wellington Management Group LLP, the ultimate holding company of Wellington Management, is generally a fixed amount that is determined by the managing partners of Wellington Management Group LLP.

The Portfolio Manager is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the Wellington Management Portfolio and generally each other account managed by the Portfolio Manager. The Portfolio Manager’s incentive payment relating to the Wellington Management Portfolio is linked to the net pre-tax performance of the Wellington Management Portfolio compared to the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index over one-and three-year periods, with an emphasis on three-year results. In 2012, Wellington Management began placing increased emphasis on long-term performance and is phasing in a five-year performance comparison period which will be fully implemented by December 31, 2016. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods, and rates may differ) to other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, including accounts with performance fees.

Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional’s overall compensation; incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Portfolio Manager may also be eligible for bonus payments based on his overall contribution to Wellington Management’s business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on other factors. Each Partner is eligible to participate in a Partner-funded tax-qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Mr. Mordy is a Partner.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Mordy owned shares of Vanguard Windsor Fund in an amount exceeding $1 million.

II. Vanguard Windsor II Fund

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a perfomance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The

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performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard).

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, Vanguard Windsor II Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees and expenses of $59,942,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $2,534,000), $68,399,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $1,973,000), and $69,094,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $11,490,000), respectively.

Of the aggregate fees and expenses previously described, the investment advisory expenses paid to Vanguard for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, were $283,000 (representing an effective annual rate of less than 0.01%). The investment advisory fees paid to the remaining advisors for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, were $57,321,000 (representing an effective annual rate of approximately 0.12%).

A. Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley)

Barrow, Hanley, a Delaware limited liability company, is an investment management firm founded in 1979, which provides investment advisory services to separately managed U.S. and non-U.S. equity, fixed income, and balanced portfolios for large institutional clients, mutual funds, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, insurance companies, limited liability companies, and other institutions and individuals. Barrow, Hanley is a subsidiary of Old Mutual Asset Management (US) LLC, which is a subsidiary of OM Asset Management plc (OMAM), a publicly-held company traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Fahrenbruch also managed 2 other registered investment companies with total assets of $1.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $555.2 million), 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $141.7 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 17 other accounts with total assets of $1.6 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

David W. Ganucheau co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Ganucheau also managed 2 other registered investment companies with total assets of $1.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $555.2 million), 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $141.7 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 17 other accounts with total assets of $1.6 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has management responsibilities to more than one account (including Vanguard Windsor II Fund). Barrow, Hanley manages potential conflicts between funds or with other types of accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by directors and independent third parties to ensure that no client, regardless of type or fee structure, is intentionally favored or disfavored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities. Barrow, Hanley does not manage any private accounts.

3. Description of Compensation

In addition to base salary, all Barrow, Hanley portfolio managers and analysts share in a bonus pool that is distributed semiannually. Portfolio managers and analysts are rated on their value added to the team-oriented investment process. Overall compensation applies with respect to all accounts managed and compensation does not differ with respect to distinct accounts managed by a portfolio manager. Compensation is not tied to a published or private benchmark. It is important to understand that contributions to the overall investment process may include not recommending securities in an analyst’s sector if there are no compelling opportunities in the industries covered by that analyst.

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The compensation of portfolio managers is not directly tied to fund performance or growth in assets for any fund or other account managed by a portfolio manager, and portfolio managers are not compensated for bringing in new business. Of course, growth in assets from the appreciation of existing assets and/or growth in new assets will increase revenues and profit. The consistent, long-term growth in assets at any investment firm is to a great extent, dependent upon the success of the portfolio management team. The compensation of the portfolio management team at Barrow, Hanley will increase over time, if and when assets continue to grow through competitive performance. Lastly, many key investment personnel have a long-term incentive compensation plan in the form of an equity interest in Barrow, Hanley.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Fahrenbruch and Mr. Ganucheau both owned shares of Vanguard Windsor II Fund in an amount exceeding $1 million.

B. Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley)

Hotchkis and Wiley is a Delaware limited liability company, the primary members of which are HWCap Holdings, a limited liability company whose members are current and former employees of Hotchkis and Wiley, and Stephens-H&W, a limited liability company whose primary member is SF Holding Corp., which is a diversified holding company.

1. Other Accounts Managed

The investment process employed is the same for similar accounts, including the portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund managed by Hotchkis and Wiley (the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio), and is team-based utilizing primarily in-house, fundamental research. The investment research staff is organized by industry and sector and supports all of the accounts managed in each of Hotchkis and Wiley’s strategies. Portfolio coordinators for each strategy ensure that the best thinking of the investment team is reflected in the “target portfolios.” Investment ideas for the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio are generated by Hotchkis and Wiley’s investment team. Although the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio is managed by Hotchkis and Wiley’s investment team, Hotchkis and Wiley has identified George H. Davis, Jr., and Sheldon J. Lieberman as the portfolio managers with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio.

Mr. Davis and Mr. Lieberman co-manage a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Davis and Mr. Lieberman also jointly managed 13 other registered investment companies with total assets of $11.2 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), 8 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $943.6 million (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $48.4 million), and 67 other accounts with total assets of $9.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 4 of these accounts with total assets of $711.8 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interests

The Investment Team also manages institutional accounts and other mutual funds in several different investment strategies. The portfolios within an investment strategy are managed using a target portfolio; however, each portfolio may have different restrictions, cash flows, tax, and other relevant considerations which may preclude a portfolio from participating in certain transactions for that investment strategy. Consequently, the performance of portfolios may vary due to these different considerations. The Investment Team may place transactions for one investment strategy that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of another investment strategy. Hotchkis and Wiley may be restricted from purchasing more than a limited percentage of the outstanding shares of a company. If a company is a viable investment for more than one investment strategy, Hotchkis and Wiley has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly and equitably.

Different types of accounts and investment strategies may have different fee structures. Additionally, certain accounts pay Hotchkis and Wiley performance-based fees, which may vary depending on how well the account performs compared to a benchmark. Because such fee arrangements have the potential to create an incentive for Hotchkis and Wiley to favor such accounts in making investment decisions and allocations, Hotchkis and Wiley has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly and equitably, including in respect of allocation decisions, such as initial public offerings.

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Since accounts are managed to a target portfolio by the Investment Team, adequate time and resources are consistently applied to all accounts in the same investment strategy. Investment personnel may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Hotchkis and Wiley’s Portfolio Managers are compensated in various forms, which may include a base salary, bonus, profit sharing, and equity ownership. Compensation is used to reward, attract, and retain high-quality investment professionals.

The Portfolio Managers are evaluated and accountable at three levels. The first level is individual contribution to the research and decision-making process, including the quality and quantity of work achieved. The second level is teamwork, generally evaluated through contribution within sector teams. The third level pertains to overall portfolio and firm performance.

Fixed salaries and discretionary bonuses for investment professionals are determined by the Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley using tools which may include annual evaluations, compensation surveys, feedback from other employees, and advice from members of Hotchkis and Wiley’s Executive and Compensation Committees. The amount of the bonus is determined by the total amount of Hotchkis and Wiley’s bonus pool available for the year, which is generally a function of revenues. No investment professional receives a bonus that is a pre-determined percentage of revenues or net income. Compensation is thus subjective rather than formulaic.

The majority of the Portfolio Managers own equity in Hotchkis and Wiley. Hotchkis and Wiley believes that the employee ownership structure of the firm will be a significant factor in ensuring a motivated and stable employee base going forward. Hotchkis and Wiley believes that the combination of competitive compensation levels and equity ownership provides Hotchkis and Wiley with a demonstrable advantage in the retention and motivation of employees. Portfolio Managers who own equity in Hotchkis and Wiley receive their pro rata share of Hotchkis and Wiley’s profits. Investment professionals may also receive contributions under Hotchkis and Wiley’s profit sharing/401(k) plan.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, neither Mr. Davis nor Mr. Lieberman owned shares of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.

C. Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard)

Lazard is a registered investment advisor and is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC, and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Ltd., both of which also are Delaware limited liability companies.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Andrew Lacey co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Lacey also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $9.8 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), 10 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.5 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 151 other accounts with total assets of $6 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $480 million).

Christopher Blake co-manages a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Blake also managed 6 other registered investment companies with total assets of $9.2 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $100 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 92 other accounts with total assets of $4 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $480 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Although the potential for conflicts of interest exists when an investment advisor and portfolio managers manage other accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies as those of the Fund (Similar Accounts), Lazard has procedures in place that are designed to ensure that all accounts are treated fairly and that the Fund is not disadvantaged, including procedures regarding trade allocations and “conflicting trades” (e.g., long and short positions in

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the same security, as described below). In addition, the Fund, as a registered investment company, is subject to different regulations than certain of the Similar Accounts, and consequently, may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions, or to engage in such techniques or transactions to the same degree, as the Similar Accounts.

Potential conflicts of interest may arise because of Lazard’s management of a portion of the Fund (Lazard Portfolio) and Similar Accounts. For example, conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of limited investment opportunities, as Lazard may be perceived as causing accounts it manages to participate in an offering to increase Lazard’s overall allocation of securities in that offering, or to increase Lazard’s ability to participate in future offerings by the same underwriter or issuer. Allocations of bunched trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially filled due to limited availability, and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as Lazard may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to preferred accounts. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. Additionally, portfolio managers may be perceived to have a conflict of interest because of the large number of Similar Accounts, in addition to the Lazard Portfolio, that they are managing on behalf of Lazard. Although Lazard does not track each individual portfolio manager’s time dedicated to each account, Lazard periodically reviews each portfolio manager’s overall responsibilities to ensure that they are able to allocate the necessary time and resources to effectively manage the Lazard Portfolio. In addition, Lazard could be viewed as having a conflict of interest to the extent that Lazard and/or portfolio managers have a materially larger investment in a Similar Account than their investment in the Lazard Portfolio.

A potential conflict of interest may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by the other account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. Lazard manages hedge funds that are subject to performance/incentive fees. Certain hedge funds managed by Lazard may also be permitted to sell securities short. When Lazard engages in short sales of securities of the type in which the Lazard Portfolio invests, Lazard could be seen as harming the performance of the Lazard Portfolio for the benefit of the account managing short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. As described above, Lazard has procedures in place to address these conflicts. Additionally, portfolio managers/analysts and portfolio management teams are generally not permitted to manage long-only assets alongside long/short assets, although may from time to time manage both hedge funds and long-only accounts, including open-end and closed-end registered investment companies. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Lazard compensates portfolio managers by a competitive salary and bonus structure, which is determined both quantitatively and qualitatively. Salary and bonus are paid in cash, stock, and restricted interests in funds managed by Lazard or its affiliates. Portfolio managers are compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of portfolios managed by the teams of which they are a member rather than for a specific fund or account. Various factors are considered in the determination of a portfolio manager’s compensation. All of the portfolios managed by a portfolio manager are comprehensively evaluated to determine his or her positive and consistent performance contribution over time. Further factors include the amount of assets in the portfolios as well as qualitative aspects that reinforce Lazard’s investment philosophy. Total compensation is generally not fixed, but rather is based on the following factors: (1) leadership, teamwork, and commitment; (2) maintenance of current knowledge and opinions on companies owned in the portfolio; (3) generation and development of new investment ideas, including the quality of security analysis and identification of appreciation catalysts; (4) ability and willingness to develop and share ideas on a team basis; and (5) the performance results of the portfolios managed by the investment teams of which the portfolio manager is a member.

Variable bonus is based on the portfolio manager’s quantitative performance as measured by his or her ability to make investment decisions that contribute to the returns of the accounts managed by the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member, by comparison of each account to a predetermined benchmark (as set forth in a prospectus or other governing document, or otherwise, such as the benchmark corresponding to a particular investment strategy managed by Lazard) over the current fiscal year and the longer-term performance (3-, 5-, or 10-year, if applicable) of such account, as well as performance of the account relative to peers. The portfolio manager’s bonus also can be influenced by subjective measurement of the manager’s ability to help others make investment decisions.

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4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, neither Mr. Lacey nor Mr. Blake owned any shares of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.

D. Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders)

Sanders, a New York limited liability company, is a registered investment advisor founded in 2009 by Lewis Sanders, former chairman and CEO of AllianceBernstein L.P. Mr. Sanders is the firm’s controlling owner, CEO, and Co-CIO, with the remaining ownership stake divided among several of his key employees.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Lewis A. Sanders and John P. Mahedy co-manage a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy also co-managed 1 other registered investment company with total assets of $534 million (advisory fee not based on account performance), 11 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $2.1 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance). As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Sanders also managed 53 other accounts with total assets of $9.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 5 of these accounts with total assets of $1.5 billion), and Mr. Mahedy also managed 49 other accounts with total assets of $9.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 5 of these accounts with total assets of $1.5 billion).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy are co-chief investment officers of Sanders Capital LLC (Sanders). In addition to the Fund, Sanders manages on a discretionary basis other accounts that use the value equity strategy utilized for the Fund or that utilize a different strategy but hold some of the same securities as the Fund, including, as of October 31, 2015, two accounts belonging to Mr. Sanders personally. Mr. Sanders also has an interest in three of the portfolios of a privately offered limited partnership whose general partner is an affiliate of the Firm and which is managed by the Firm. Sanders has strict policies in force to ensure that all clients are treated fairly. For example, when practical, all client orders for the same security entered at the same time are aggregated in a single order, and if the order cannot be filled by day-end, Sanders allocates shares to underlying accounts on a pro rata basis. If any order is filled at several prices through multiple trades with the same broker, an average price and commission will be used for the executed trades in the order. For allocation and other purposes, managed accounts of staff members are treated the same as accounts of other clients, in keeping with Sanders’ belief that staff investments in Sanders’ products aligns the interests of Sanders and the clients. Sanders has strict rules with respect to personal trading by staff members to ensure that client interests always come first. Staff members must obtain permission prior to executing any trade in a personal account; permission is denied if Sanders is purchasing or considering purchasing a security for clients until all client orders are completed. Once a purchase is made, the staff member must hold the security for at least one year, and beyond that time if the security is then held in client accounts. Sanders’ investment personnel may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored with Sanders’ Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Sanders compensates Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy by means of a fixed guaranteed salary (draw) and a fixed guaranteed bonus. Both Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy are members (i.e., part owners) of Sanders; accordingly, they are each entitled to a proportionate share of the firm’s profits, if and when earned. The Portfolio Managers are also members of an affiliate of Sanders, which is the General Partner of a Limited Partnership with four portfolios managed by Sanders; the General Partner is entitled to a performance allocation if the returns in these portfolios exceed stated amounts. In such event, the Portfolio Managers would benefit proportional to their ownership interests in the General Partner.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2015, neither Mr. Sanders nor Mr. Mahedy owned shares of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.

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E. Vanguard

Vanguard, through its Quantitative Equity Group, provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund’s assets. The compensation and other expenses of Vanguard’s advisory staff are allocated among the funds utilizing Vanguard’s advisory services.

1. Other Accounts Managed

James P. Stetler, Anatoly Shtekhman, and Binbin Guo together co-manage a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2015, the Fund held assets of $47.2 billion. As of October 31, 2015, Mr. Stetler also co-managed all or a portion of 14 other registered investment companies with total assets of $83 billion and 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $1.3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

At Vanguard, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, and offshore funds. Managing multiple funds or accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Vanguard manages potential conflicts between funds or accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by trustees and independent third parties. Vanguard has developed trade allocation procedures and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

3. Description of Compensation

All named Vanguard portfolio managers are Vanguard employees. This section describes the compensation of the Vanguard employees who manage Vanguard mutual funds. As of October 31, 2015, a Vanguard portfolio manager’s compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and payments under Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation program. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and welfare benefits available to all Vanguard employees. Also, certain portfolio managers may be eligible for additional retirement benefits under several supplemental retirement plans that Vanguard adopted in the 1980s to restore dollar-for-dollar the benefits of management employees that had been cut back solely as a result of tax law changes. These plans are structured to provide the same retirement benefits as the standard retirement plans.

In the case of portfolio managers responsible for managing multiple Vanguard funds or accounts, the method used to determine their compensation is the same for all funds and investment accounts. A portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the manager’s experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses performed by Vanguard’s Human Resources Department. A portfolio manager’s base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or in response to a market adjustment of the position.

A portfolio manager’s bonus is determined by a number of factors. One factor is gross, pre-tax performance of a fund relative to expectations for how the fund should have performed, given the fund’s investment objective, policies, strategies, and limitations, and the market environment during the measurement period. This performance factor is not based on the amount of assets held in the fund’s portfolio. For the portion of the Windsor II Fund managed by Vanguard, the performance factor depends on how successfully the portfolio manager outperforms the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index and maintains the risk parameters of the Fund over a three-year period. Additional factors include the portfolio manager’s contributions to the investment management functions within the sub-asset class, contributions to the development of other investment professionals and supporting staff, and overall contributions to strategic planning and decisions for the investment group. The target bonus is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The actual bonus paid may be more or less than the target bonus, based on how well the manager satisfies the objectives previously described. The bonus is paid on an annual basis.

Under the long-term incentive compensation program, all full-time employees receive a payment from Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation plan based on their years of service, job level, and, if applicable, management responsibilities. Each year, Vanguard’s independent directors determine the amount of the long-term incentive

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compensation award for that year based on the investment performance of the Vanguard funds relative to competitors and Vanguard’s operating efficiencies in providing services to the Vanguard funds.

4. Ownership of Securities

Vanguard employees, including portfolio managers, allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own individual investment needs and goals. Vanguard employees, as a group, invest a sizable portion of their personal assets in Vanguard funds. As of October 31, 2015, Vanguard employees collectively invested more than $4.9 billion in Vanguard funds. F. William McNabb III, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds, invests substantially all of his personal financial assets in Vanguard funds.

As of October 31, 2015, the named portfolio managers did not own any shares of Vanguard Windsor II Fund.

Duration and Termination of Investment Advisory Agreements

The Funds’ current investment advisory agreements with the unaffiliated advisors are renewable for successive one-year periods, only if (1) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of the Fund’s board of trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval or (2) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. An agreement is automatically terminated if assigned and may be terminated without penalty at any time either (1) by vote of the board of trustees of the Fund upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the advisor, (2) by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities upon 30 days’ written notice to the advisor, or (3) by the advisor upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Fund.

Vanguard provides at-cost investment advisory services to Vanguard Windsor II Fund pursuant to the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. This agreement will continue in full force and effect until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of the Vanguard funds and Vanguard.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

The advisor decides which securities to buy and sell on behalf of a Fund and then selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the trades on an agency basis or the dealers with whom the trades will be effected on a principal basis. For each trade, the advisor must select a broker-dealer that it believes will provide “best execution.” Best execution does not necessarily mean paying the lowest spread or commission rate available. In seeking best execution, the SEC has said that an advisor should consider the full range of a broker-dealer’s services. The factors considered by the advisor in seeking best execution include, but are not limited to, the broker-dealer’s execution capability, clearance and settlement services, commission rate, trading expertise, willingness and ability to commit capital, ability to provide anonymity, financial responsibility, reputation and integrity, responsiveness, access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets, and access to company management, as well as the value of any research provided by the broker-dealer. In assessing which broker-dealer can provide best execution for a particular trade, the advisor also may consider the timing and size of the order and available liquidity and current market conditions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the advisor may select a broker based partly on brokerage or research services provided to the advisor and its clients, including the Funds. The advisor may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the advisor determines in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of services provided. The advisor also may receive brokerage or research services from broker-dealers that are provided at no charge in recognition of the volume of trades directed to the broker. To the extent research services or products may be a factor in selecting brokers, services and products may include written research reports analyzing performance or securities, discussions with research analysts, meetings with corporate executives to obtain oral reports on company performance, market data, and other products and services that will assist the advisor in its investment decision-making process. The research services provided by brokers through which a Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the advisor in servicing all of its accounts, and some of the services may not be used by the advisor in connection with the Fund.

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During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, the Funds paid the following approximate amounts in brokerage commissions:

Vanguard Fund 2013 2014 2015
Windsor Fund $6,908,000 $6,516,000 $4,538,000
Windsor II Fund 14,842,000 14,789,000 15,297,000

 

Some securities that are considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other Vanguard funds or for other clients served by the advisors. If such securities are compatible with the investment policies of a Fund and one or more of an advisor’s other clients and are considered for purchase or sale at or about the same time, then transactions in such securities may be aggregated by the advisor, and the purchased securities or sale proceeds may be allocated among the participating Vanguard funds and the other participating clients of the advisor in a manner deemed equitable by the advisor. Although there may be no specified formula for allocating such transactions, the allocation methods used, and the results of such allocations, will be subject to periodic review by the Funds‘ board of trustees.

The ability of Vanguard and external advisors to purchase or dispose of investments in regulated industries, certain derivatives markets, certain international markets, and certain issuers that limit ownership by a single shareholder or group of related shareholders, or to exercise rights on behalf of a Fund, may be restricted or impaired because of limitations on the aggregate level of investment unless regulatory or corporate consents or ownership waivers are obtained. As a result, Vanguard and external advisors on behalf of a Fund may be required to limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of shareholder rights by the Fund, including voting rights. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, the Fund may seek to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative, which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly.

As of October 31, 2015, each Fund held securities of its “regular brokers or dealers,” as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, as follows:

Vanguard Fund Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent) Aggregate Holdings
Windsor Fund Banc of America Securities LLC $281,787,000
  Citigroup Global Markets Inc. 402,251,000
 
Windsor II Fund Banc of America Securities LLC $1,224,016,000
  Barclays Inc. 104,103,000
  Citigroup Global Markets Inc. 1,076,328,000
  Goldman, Sachs & Co. 142,440,000
  J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. 1,358,965,000
  Morgan Stanley 27,279,000

 

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

The Board of Trustees (the Board) of each Vanguard fund has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting by the fund. The Board has delegated responsibility for monitoring proxy voting activities to the Proxy Oversight Committee (the Committee), made up of senior officers of Vanguard and subject to the operating procedures and guidelines described below. The Committee reports directly to the Board. Vanguard is subject to these procedures and guidelines to the extent that they call for Vanguard to administer the voting process and implement the resulting voting decisions, and for these purposes the guidelines have also been approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

The overarching objective in voting is simple: to support proposals and director nominees that maximize the value of a fund’s investments—and those of fund shareholders—over the long term. Although the goal is simple, the proposals the funds receive are varied and frequently complex. As such, the guidelines adopted by the Board provide a rigorous framework for assessing each proposal. Under the guidelines, each proposal must be evaluated on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances as presented.

For ease of reference, the procedures and guidelines often refer to all funds. However, our processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual funds. For most proxy proposals, particularly those

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involving corporate governance, the evaluation will result in the same position being taken across all of the funds and the funds voting as a block. In some cases, however, a fund may vote differently, depending upon the nature and objective of the fund, the composition of its portfolio, and other factors.

The guidelines do not permit the Board to delegate voting responsibility to a third party that does not serve as a fiduciary for the funds. Because many factors bear on each decision, the guidelines incorporate factors the Committee should consider in each voting decision. A fund may refrain from voting some or all of its shares or vote in a particular way if doing so would be in the fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests. These circumstances may arise, for example, if the expected cost of voting exceeds the expected benefits of voting, if exercising the vote would result in the imposition of trading or other restrictions, or if a fund (or all Vanguard funds in the aggregate) were to own more than the permissible maximum percentage of a company’s stock (as determined by the company’s governing documents or by applicable law, regulation, or regulatory agreement).

In evaluating proxy proposals, we consider information from many sources, including, but not limited to, the investment advisor for the fund, the management or shareholders of a company presenting a proposal, and independent proxy research services. We will give substantial weight to the recommendations of the company’s board, absent guidelines or other specific facts that would support a vote against management. In all cases, however, the ultimate decision rests with the members of the Committee, who are accountable to the fund’s Board.

While serving as a framework, the following guidelines cannot contemplate all possible proposals with which a fund may be presented. In the absence of a specific guideline for a particular proposal (e.g., in the case of a transactional issue or contested proxy), the Committee will evaluate the issue and cast the fund’s vote in a manner that, in the Committee’s view, will maximize the value of the fund’s investment, subject to the individual circumstances of the fund.

I. The Board of Directors

A. Election of directors

Good governance starts with a majority-independent board, whose key committees are made up entirely of independent directors. As such, companies should attest to the independence of directors who serve on the Compensation, Nominating, and Audit committees. In any instance in which a director is not categorically independent, the basis for the independence determination should be clearly explained in the proxy statement.

Although the funds will generally support the board’s nominees, the following factors will be taken into account in determining each fund’s vote:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of
independent directors. non-independent directors.
All members of Audit, Nominating, and Compensation Audit, Nominating, and/or Compensation committees include
committees are independent of management. non-independent members.
  Incumbent board member failed to attend at least 75% of meetings
  in the previous year.
  Actions of committee(s) on which nominee serves are inconsistent with
  other guidelines (e.g., excessive equity grants, substantial non-audit fees,
  lack of board independence).
  Actions of committee(s) on which nominee serves demonstrate serious
  failures of governance (e.g., unilaterally acting to significantly reduce
  shareholder rights, failure to respond to previous vote results for directors
  and shareholder proposals).

 

B. Contested director elections

In the case of contested board elections, we will evaluate the nominees’ qualifications, the performance of the incumbent board, and the rationale behind the dissidents’ campaign, to determine the outcome that we believe will maximize shareholder value.

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C. Classified boards

The funds will generally support proposals to declassify existing boards (whether proposed by management or shareholders), and will block efforts by companies to adopt classified board structures in which only part of the board is elected each year.

D. Proxy access

We believe that long-term investors may benefit from having proxy access, or the opportunity to place director nominees on a company’s proxy ballot. In our view, this improves shareholders’ ability to participate in director elections while potentially enhancing boards’ accountability and responsiveness to shareholders.

That said, we also believe that proxy access provisions should be appropriately limited to avoid abuse by investors who lack a meaningful long-term interest in the company. As such, we generally believe that a shareholder or group of shareholders representing 3% of a company’s outstanding shares held for at least three years should be able to nominate directors for up to 20% of the seats on the board.

We will review proposals regarding proxy access case by case. The funds will be most likely to support access provisions with the terms described above, but they may support different thresholds based on a company’s other governance provisions, as well as other relevant factors.

II. Approval of Independent Auditors

The relationship between the company and its auditors should be limited primarily to the audit, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not, in the aggregate, raise any appearance of impaired independence. The funds will generally support management’s recommendation for the ratification of the auditor, except in instances in which audit and audit-related fees make up less than 50% of the total fees paid by the company to the audit firm. We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis instances in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with the company (regardless of its size relative to the audit fee) to determine whether independence has been compromised.

III. Compensation Issues

A. Stock-based compensation plans

Appropriately designed stock-based compensation plans, administered by an independent committee of the board and approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management, employees, and directors. The funds oppose plans that substantially dilute their ownership interest in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features.

An independent compensation committee should have significant latitude to deliver varied compensation to motivate the company’s employees. However, we will evaluate compensation proposals in the context of several factors (a company’s industry, market capitalization, competitors for talent, etc.) to determine whether a particular plan or proposal balances the perspectives of employees and the company’s other shareholders. We will evaluate each proposal on a case-by-case basis, taking all material facts and circumstances into account.

The following factors will be among those considered in evaluating these proposals:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Company requires senior executives to hold a minimum amount Total potential dilution (including all stock-based plans) exceeds 15% of
of company stock (frequently expressed as a multiple of salary). shares outstanding.
Company requires stock acquired through equity awards to be Annual equity grants have exceeded 2% of shares outstanding.
held for a certain period of time.  
Compensation program includes performance-vesting awards, Plan permits repricing or replacement of options without
indexed options, or other performance-linked grants. shareholder approval.
Concentration of equity grants to senior executives is limited Plan provides for the issuance of reload options.
(indicating that the plan is very broad-based).  
Stock-based compensation is clearly used as a substitute for Plan contains automatic share replenishment (evergreen) feature.
cash in delivering market-competitive total pay.  

 

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B. Bonus plans

Bonus plans, which must be periodically submitted for shareholder approval to qualify for deductibility under Section 162(m) of the IRC, should have clearly defined performance criteria and maximum awards expressed in dollars. Bonus plans with awards that are excessive, in both absolute terms and relative to a comparative group, generally will not be supported.

C. Employee stock purchase plans

The funds will generally support the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value and that shares reserved under the plan amount to less than 5% of the outstanding shares.

D. Advisory votes on executive compensation (Say on Pay)

In addition to proposals on specific equity or bonus plans, the funds are required to cast advisory votes approving many companies’ overall executive compensation plans (so-called Say on Pay votes). In evaluating these proposals, we consider a number of factors, including the amount of compensation that is at risk, the amount of equity-based compensation that is linked to the company’s performance, and the level of compensation as compared to industry peers. The funds will generally support pay programs that demonstrate effective linkage between pay and performance over time and that provide compensation opportunities that are competitive relative to industry peers. On the other hand, pay programs in which significant compensation is guaranteed or insufficiently linked to performance will be less likely to earn our support.

E. Executive severance agreements (golden parachutes)

Although executives’ incentives for continued employment should be more significant than severance benefits, there are instances—particularly in the event of a change in control—in which severance arrangements may be appropriate. Severance benefits payable upon a change of control AND an executive’s termination (so-called “double trigger” plans) are generally acceptable to the extent that benefits paid do not exceed three times salary and bonus. Arrangements in which the benefits exceed three times salary and bonus should be justified and submitted for shareholder approval. We do not generally support guaranteed severance absent a change in control or arrangements that do not require the termination of the executive (so-called “single trigger” plans).

IV. Corporate Structure and Shareholder Rights

The exercise of shareholder rights, in proportion to economic ownership, is a fundamental privilege of stock ownership that should not be unnecessarily limited. Such limits may be placed on shareholders’ ability to act by corporate charter or by-law provisions, or by the adoption of certain takeover provisions. In general, the market for corporate control should be allowed to function without undue interference from these artificial barriers.

The funds’ positions on a number of the most commonly presented issues in this area are as follows:

A. Shareholder rights plans (poison pills)

A company’s adoption of a so-called poison pill effectively limits a potential acquirer’s ability to buy a controlling interest without the approval of the target’s board of directors. Such a plan, in conjunction with other takeover defenses, may serve to entrench incumbent management and directors. However, in other cases, a poison pill may force a suitor to negotiate with the board and result in the payment of a higher acquisition premium.

In general, shareholders should be afforded the opportunity to approve shareholder rights plans within a year of their adoption. This provides the board with the ability to put a poison pill in place for legitimate defensive purposes, subject to subsequent approval by shareholders. In evaluating the approval of proposed shareholder rights plans, we will consider the following factors:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Plan is relatively short-term (3-5 years). Plan is long term (>5 years).
Plan requires shareholder approval for renewal. Renewal of plan is automatic or does not require shareholder approval.
Plan incorporates review by a committee of independent Board with limited independence.
directors at least every three years (so-called TIDE provisions).  
Ownership trigger is reasonable (15-20%). Ownership trigger is less than 15%.
Highly independent, non-classified board. Classified board.
Plan includes permitted-bid/qualified-offer feature (chewable  
pill) that mandates a shareholder vote in certain situations.  

 

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B. Increase in authorized shares

The funds are supportive of companies seeking to increase authorized share amounts that do not potentially expose shareholders to excessive dilution. We will generally approve increases of up to 50% of the current share authorization, but will also consider a company’s specific circumstances and market practices.

C. Cumulative voting

The funds are generally opposed to cumulative voting under the premise that it allows shareholders a voice in director elections that is disproportionate to their economic investment in the corporation.

D. Supermajority vote requirements

The funds support shareholders’ ability to approve or reject matters presented for a vote based on a simple majority. Accordingly, the funds will support proposals to remove supermajority requirements and oppose proposals to impose them.

E. Right to call meetings and act by written consent

The funds support shareholders’ right to call special meetings of the board (for good cause and with ample representation) and to act by written consent. The funds will generally vote for proposals to grant these rights to shareholders and against proposals to abridge them.

F. Confidential voting

The integrity of the voting process is enhanced substantially when shareholders (both institutions and individuals) can vote without fear of coercion or retribution based on their votes. As such, the funds support proposals to provide confidential voting.

G. Dual classes of stock

We are opposed to dual class capitalization structures that provide disparate voting rights to different groups of shareholders with similar economic investments. We will oppose the creation of separate classes with different voting rights and will support the dissolution of such classes.

V. Corporate and Social Policy Issues

Proposals in this category, initiated primarily by shareholders, typically request that the company disclose or amend certain business practices. The Board generally believes that these are “ordinary business matters” that are primarily the responsibility of management and should be evaluated and approved solely by the corporation’s board of directors. Often, proposals may address concerns with which the Board philosophically agrees, but absent a compelling economic impact on shareholder value (e.g., proposals to require expensing of stock options), the funds will typically abstain from voting on these proposals. This reflects the belief that regardless of our philosophical perspective on the issue, these decisions should be the province of company management unless they have a significant, tangible impact on the value of a fund’s investment and management is not responsive to the matter.

VI. Voting in Foreign Markets

Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements, and voting mechanics vary greatly among the markets outside the United States in which the funds may invest. Each fund’s votes will be used, where applicable, to advocate for improvements in governance and disclosure by each fund’s portfolio companies. We will evaluate issues presented to shareholders for each fund’s foreign holdings in the context with the guidelines described above, as well as local market standards and best practices. The funds will cast their votes in a manner believed to be philosophically consistent with these guidelines, while taking into account differing practices by market. In addition, there may be instances in which the funds elect not to vote, as described below.

Many foreign markets require that securities be “blocked” or reregistered to vote at a company’s meeting. Absent an issue of compelling economic importance, we will generally not subject the fund to the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements.

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The costs of voting (e.g., custodian fees, vote agency fees) in foreign markets may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As such, the fund may limit its voting on foreign holdings in instances in which the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on shareholder value.

VII. Voting Shares of a Company that has an Ownership Limitation

Certain companies have provisions in their governing documents that restrict stock ownership in excess of a specified limit. Typically, these ownership restrictions are included in the governing documents of real estate investment trusts, but may be included in other companies’ governing documents.

A company’s governing documents normally allow the company to grant a waiver of these ownership limits, which would allow a fund (or all Vanguard-advised funds) to exceed the stated ownership limit. Sometimes a company will grant a waiver without restriction. From time to time, a company may grant a waiver only if a fund (or funds) agrees to not vote the company’s shares in excess of the normal specified limit. In such a circumstance, a fund may refrain from voting shares if owning the shares beyond the company’s specified limit is in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

In addition, applicable law may require prior regulatory approval to permit ownership of certain regulated issuer’s voting securities above certain limits or may impose other restrictions on owners of more than a certain percentage of a regulated issuer’s voting shares. The Board has authorized the funds to vote shares above these limits in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer’s entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror vote) or to refrain from voting excess shares if mirror voting is not practicable. For example, rules administered by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the FRB) generally require that a person seeking to own more than 10% of a bank regulated by the FRB seek prior approval. Vanguard has obtained regulatory approval that allows Vanguard funds to own up to 15% of a class of a bank’s outstanding voting shares without seeking prior regulatory approval, provided the funds’ shares in excess of 10% are mirror voted or not voted at all.

These ownership limits may be applied at the individual fund level, across all Vanguard-advised funds, or across all Vanguard funds, regardless of whether they are advised by Vanguard.

VIII. Voting on a Fund’s Holdings of Other Vanguard Funds

Certain Vanguard funds (owner funds) may, from time to time, own shares of other Vanguard funds (underlying funds). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the owner funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying fund.

IX. The Proxy Voting Group

The Board has delegated the day-to-day operations of the funds’ proxy voting process to the Proxy Voting Group, which the Committee oversees. Although most votes will be determined, subject to the individual circumstances of each fund, by reference to the guidelines as separately adopted by each of the funds, there may be circumstances when the Proxy Voting Group will refer proxy issues to the Committee for consideration. In addition, at any time, the Board has the authority to vote proxies, when, at the Board’s or the Committee’s discretion, such action is warranted.

The Proxy Voting Group performs the following functions: (1) managing and conducting due diligence of proxy voting vendors; (2) reconciling share positions; (3) analyzing proxy proposals using factors described in the guidelines; (4) determining and addressing potential or actual conflicts of interest that may be presented by a particular proxy; and (5) voting proxies. The Proxy Voting Group also prepares periodic and special reports to the Board, and any proposed amendments to the procedures and guidelines.

X. The Proxy Oversight Committee

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees, appoints the members of the Committee who are senior officers of Vanguard.

The Committee does not include anyone whose primary duties include external client relationship management or sales. This clear separation between the proxy voting and client relationship functions is intended to eliminate any potential conflict of interest in the proxy voting process. In the unlikely event that a member of the Committee believes he or she

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might have a conflict of interest regarding a proxy vote, that member must recuse himself or herself from the committee meeting at which the matter is addressed, and not participate in the voting decision.

The Committee works with the Proxy Voting Group to provide reports and other guidance to the Board regarding proxy voting by the funds. The Committee has an obligation to conduct its meetings and exercise its decision-making authority subject to the fiduciary standards of good faith, fairness, and Vanguard’s Code of Ethics. The Committee shall authorize proxy votes that the Committee determines, at its sole discretion, to be in the best interests of each fund’s shareholders. In determining how to apply the guidelines to a particular factual situation, the Committee may not take into account any interest that would conflict with the interest of fund shareholders in maximizing the value of their investments.

The Board may review these procedures and guidelines and modify them from time to time. A summary of the procedures and guidelines is available on Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com.

You may obtain a free copy of a report that details how the funds voted the proxies relating to the portfolio securities held by the funds for the prior 12-month period ended June 30 by logging on to Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com or the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Each Fund’s Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015, appearing in the Funds‘ 2015 Annual Reports to Shareholders, and the reports thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. For a more complete discussion of each Fund’s performance, please see the Funds‘ Annual and Semiannual Reports to Shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.

SAI 022 022016

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PART C

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits

(a)      Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, filed on February 26, 2009, Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, are hereby incorporated by reference.
(b)      By-Laws, filed on February 24, 2011, Post-Effective Amendment No. 115, are hereby incorporated by reference.
(c)      Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders, reference is made to Articles III and V of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, refer to Exhibit (a) above.
(d)      Investment Advisory Contracts, for Wellington Management Company LLP, filed on February 22, 2008, Post-Effective Amendment No. 110; for Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, filed on December 21, 2009, Post-Effective Amendment No. 112; for Sanders Capital, LLC, filed on February 24, 2010, Post-Effective Amendment No. 114; for Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC and Lazard Asset Management, LLC, filed on February 27, 2012, Post-Effective Amendment No. 117; and for Pzena Investment Management, LLC, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 dated February 26, 2014, are hereby incorporated by reference. The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides investment advisory services to the Windsor II
  Fund at cost pursuant to the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, refer to (h) below.
(e)      Underwriting Contracts, not applicable
(f)      Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts, reference is made to the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement.
(g)      Custodian Agreement, for Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.,filed on February 25, 2015, Post- Effective Amendment No. 127, is hereby incorporated by reference .
(h)      Other Material Contracts, Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, filed on February 27, 2012, Post-Effective Amendment No. 117, is hereby incorporated by reference.
(i)      Legal Opinion, not applicable.
(j)      Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, is filed herewith.
(k)      Omitted Financial Statements, not applicable.
(l)      Initial Capital Agreements, not applicable.
(m)      Rule 12b-1 Plan, not applicable.
(n)      Rule 18f-3 Plan, is filed herewith.
(o)      Reserved.
(p)      Codes of Ethics, for Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, is filed herewith; and for Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, filed on February 22, 2008, Post-Effective Amendment No. 110; for Sanders Capital, LLC, filed on January 13, 2010, Post-Effective Amendment No. 113. For Pzena Investment Management, LLC, and for Wellington Management Company LLP, are filed herewith. For Lazard Asset Management, LLC and the Vanguard Group, Inc., filed on February 25, 2015, Post-Effective Amendment No. 126, is
hereby      incorporated by reference.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant

Registrant is not controlled by or under common control with any person.


 

Item 30. Indemnification

The Registrant’s organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacities. Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer. Article VI of the By-Laws generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that capacity. Among other things, this provision excludes any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee’s or officer’s office with the Registrant.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) may be permitted for directors, officers, or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers Act). The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Barrow, Hanley, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Barrow, Hanley pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-31237).

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Hotchkis and Wiley, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Hotchkis and Wiley pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-60512).

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and partners of Wellington Management, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and partners during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Wellington Management pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-15908).

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Vanguard, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-11953).

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Lazard Asset Management, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Lazard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-61701).

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and members of Sanders, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and members during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Sanders pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-70661).

Pzena Investment Management, LLC (Pzena) is an investment adviser registerd under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Pzena, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is hereby incorporated by reference from Form ADV filed by Pzena pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-50838).


 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a)Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc., is the principal underwriter of each fund within the Vanguard group of investment companies, a family of more than 190 mutual funds.

(b)The principal business address of each named director and officer of Vanguard Marketing Corporation is 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355.

Name Positions and Office with Underwriter Positions and Office with Funds
F. William McNabb III Director Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Glenn W. Reed Director None
Mortimer J. Buckley Director and Senior Vice President None
Martha G. King Director and Senior Vice President None
Chris D. McIsaac Director and Senior Vice President None
Heidi Stam Director and Senior Vice President Secretary
Karin Risi Director and Managing Director None
Thomas Rampulla Director and Senior Vice President None
Natalie Bej Chief Compliance Officer Chief Compliance Officer
Matthew Benchener Principal None
Jack Brod Principal None
John C. Heywood Principal None
Timothy P. Holmes Principal None
Sarah Houston Principal None
Mike Lucci Principal None
Alba E. Martinez Principal None
Brian McCarthy Principal None
Christopher Sicilia Principal None
Tammy Virnig Principal None
Salvatore L. Pantalone Financial and Operations Principal and Treasurer None
Amy M. Laursen Financial and Operations Principal None
Frank Satterthwaite Principal None
Jack T. Wagner Principal None
Michael L. Kimmel Assistant Secretary None
Marc P. Lindsay Assistant Secretary None
Caroline Cosby Secretary None

 

(c)Not Applicable.


 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Transfer Agent, The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Custodian, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 50 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02110-1548; and the Registrant’s investment advisors at their respective locations identified in Part B of this Registration Statement.

Item 34. Management Services

Other than as set forth in the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not Applicable


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 24th day of February, 2016.

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

BY:____________/s/ F. William McNabb III*____

F. William McNabb III
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:

Signature Title Date
 
/S/ F. WILLIAM MCNABB III* Chairman and Chief Executive Officer February 24, 2016
F. William McNabb    
/S/ EMERSON U. FULLWOOD* Trustee February 24, 2016
Emerson U. Fullwood    
/S/ RAJIV L. GUPTA* Trustee February 24, 2016
Rajiv L. Gupta    
/S/ AMY GUTMANN* Trustee February 24, 2016
Amy Gutmann    
/S/ JOANN HEFFERNAN HEISEN* Trustee February 24, 2016
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen    
/S/ F. JOSEPH LOUGHREY* Trustee February 24, 2016
F. Joseph Loughrey    
/S/ MARK LOUGHRIDGE* Trustee February 24, 2016
Mark Loughridge    
/S/ SCOTT C. MALPASS* Trustee February 24, 2016
Scott C. Malpass    
/S/ ANDRÉ F. PEROLD* Trustee February 24, 2016
André F. Perold    
/S/ PETER F. VOLANAKIS* Trustee February 24, 2016
Peter F. Volanakis    
/S/ THOMAS J. HIGGINS* Chief Financial Officer February 24, 2016
Thomas J. Higgins    

 

*By: /s/ Heidi Stam

Heidi Stam, pursuant to a Power of Attorney filed on April 22, 2014, see File Number 2-17620, Incorporated by Reference.


 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS  
 
Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Ex-99.J
Rule 18f-3 Plan Ex.99.N
Codes of Ethics for Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC Ex.99.P
Codes of Ethics for Pzena Investment Management LLC Ex.99.P
Codes of Ethics for Wellington Management Company LLP Ex.99.P

 

EX-99.J OTHER OPININ 2 pwcconsent.htm CONSENT pwcconsent.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectuses and Statement of Additional Information constituting parts of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A (the “Registration Statement”) of our reports dated December 10, 2015, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights appearing in the October 31, 2015 Annual Reports to Shareholders of Vanguard Windsor Fund and Vanguard Windsor II Fund (comprising Vanguard Windsor Funds), which reports are also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the heading “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectuses and under the headings “Financial Statements” and “Service Providers—Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Statement of Additional Information.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, PA
February 23, 2016

EX-99.N 18F-3 PLAN 3 multipleclassplanvanguardfun.htm MULTICLASS PLAN multipleclassplanvanguardfun.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

VANGUARD FUNDS
MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

I. INTRODUCTION

     This Multiple Class Plan (the “Plan”) describes seven separate classes of shares that may be offered by investment company members of The Vanguard Group (collectively the “Funds,” individually a “Fund”). The Plan explains the separate arrangements for each class, how expenses are allocated to each class, and the conversion features of each class. Each Fund may offer any one or more of the specified classes.

     The Plan has been approved by the Board of Directors of The Vanguard Group (“Vanguard”). In addition, the Plan has been adopted by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of each Fund. The classes of shares offered by each Fund are designated in Schedule A hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

II. SHARE CLASSES

A Fund may offer any one or more of the following share classes:

Investor Shares
AdmiralShares
Institutional Shares
Institutional Plus Shares
Institutional Select Shares
ETF Shares
Transition Shares

III. DISTRIBUTION, AVAILABILITY AND ELIGIBILITY

     Distribution arrangements for all classes are described below. Distribution arrangements vary by Vanguard business line depending on the eligibility of the client segments to whom they market. Vanguard retains sole discretion in determining share class availability, and whether Fund shares shall be offered either directly or through certain financial intermediaries, or on certain financial intermediary platforms. Eligibility requirements for purchasing shares of each class will differ, as follows:

A. Investor Shares

     Investor Shares generally will be available to investors who are not permitted to purchase other classes of shares, subject to the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Investor Shares will be substantially lower than the amount required for any other

1


 

class of shares. Investor Shares are typically distributed by all Vanguard business lines.

B. Admiral Shares

     Admiral Shares generally will be available to individual, institutional, and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. These eligibility requirements may include, but are not limited to the following factors: (i) the total amount invested the Fund; or (ii) any other factors deemed appropriate by a Fund’s Board of Trustees. Admiral Shares are typically distributed by all Vanguard business lines.

C. Institutional Shares

     Institutional Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount per account for Institutional Shares will be substantially higher than the amounts required for Investor Shares or Admiral Shares. Institutional Shares are typically distributed by Vanguard’s financial advisory services and institutional business lines.

D. Institutional Plus Shares

     Institutional Plus Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Plus Shares will be substantially higher than the amount required for Institutional Shares. Institutional Plus Shares are typically distributed by Vanguard’s financial advisory services and institutional business lines.

E. Institutional Select Shares

     Institutional Select Shares generally will be available to institutional investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Select Shares will be the highest among all Vanguard share classes. Institutional Select Shares are typically distributed by Vanguard’s institutional business line.

F. ETF Shares

     A Fund will sell ETF Shares to investors that are (or who purchase through) Authorized Participants, and who pay for their ETF shares by depositing a prescribed basket of securities rather than paying cash. An Authorized

2


 

Participant is an institution, usually a broker-dealer, that is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) and that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Fund’s distributor. Additional eligibility requirements may be specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Investors who are not Authorized Participants may buy and sell ETF shares through various exchanges and market centers. ETF Shares are typically distributed by all Vanguard business lines.

G. Transition Shares

     Transition Shares generally will be available solely to Vanguard funds-of-funds that meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Transition Shares are only internally distributed.

IV. SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS

     All share classes will receive a range of services provided by Vanguard on a per account basis. These “account-based” services may include transaction processing and shareholder recordkeeping, as well as the mailing of updated prospectuses, shareholder reports, tax statements, confirmation statements, quarterly portfolio summaries, and other items. It is expected that the aggregate amount of account-based services provided to Investor Shares will materially exceed the amount of such services provided to any other class, due to the existence of many more accounts holding Investor Shares. In addition to this difference in the volume of services provided, arrangements will differ among the classes as follows:

A. Investor Shares

     Investor Shares generally will receive the most basic level of service from Vanguard. Investor Shares generally will be serviced through a pool of Vanguard client service representatives.

B. Admiral Shares

     Admiral Shares will receive a different level of service from Vanguard as compared to Investor Shares. Special client service representatives may be assigned to service Admiral Shares, and holders of such shares may from time to time receive special mailings and unique additional services.

C. Institutional Shares

     Institutional Shares will receive from Vanguard a level of service that differs from the service provided to the holders of shares of other classes. Such services may include special client service representatives who will be assigned to service Institutional Shares. Most holders of Institutional Shares periodically will receive special investment updates from Vanguard’s investment staff. Holders of Institutional Shares also may receive unique additional services from Vanguard,

3


 

  and      generally will be permitted to transact with Vanguard through the National
  Securities      Clearing Corporation’s FundSERV system and other special servicing
  platforms      for institutional investors.
  D.      Institutional Plus Shares
   Institutional Plus Shares generally will receive a very high level of service
  from      Vanguard as compared to any other share classes. Special client service
  representatives      will be assigned to service Institutional Plus Shares, and most
  holders      of such shares periodically, but more than the holders of all other shares,
  will      receive special updates from Vanguard’s investment staff. Holders of
  Institutional      Plus Shares may receive unique additional services from Vanguard,
  and      generally will be permitted to transact with Vanguard through the National
  Securities      Clearing Corporation’s FundSERV system and other special servicing
  platforms      for institutional investors.
  E.      Institutional Select Shares
   Institutional Select Shares generally will receive a customized level of
  service.      Holders of Institutional Select Shares may receive unique additional
  services      from Vanguard, and generally will be permitted to transact with
  Vanguard      through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s FundSERV
  system      and other special servicing platforms for institutional investors.
  F.      ETF Shares
   A Fund is expected to maintain only one shareholder of record for ETF
  Shares¾DTC      or its nominee. Special client service representatives will be
  assigned      to the DTC account, and all transactions on this account will be handled
  electronically.      Due to the nature and purpose of the DTC account, ETF Shares
  will      not receive any special updates from Vanguard’s investment staff.
  G.      Transition Shares
   The only investors eligible to own Transition Shares are Vanguard funds-
  of-funds,      and it is expected that such funds, because of the nature of Transition
  Shares,      will own the shares only for the brief periods necessary to complete the
  relevant      portfolio transitions. The level of service provided will be commensurate
  with      the needs of a fund-of-funds transitioning from one underlying fund to
  another.     
V.      CONVERSION FEATURES
  A.      Self-Directed Conversions
   1. Conversion into Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares, and Institutional Plus Shares. Shareholders may

4


 

conduct self-directed conversions from one share class into another share class of the same fund for which they are eligible. Self-directed conversions may be initiated by the shareholder; however, depending upon the particular share class and the complexity of the shareholder’s accounts, such conversions may require the assistance of a Vanguard representative. Shareholders may convert from one share class into another share class provided that following the conversion the shareholder: (i) meets the then applicable eligibility requirements for the share class into which they are converting; and (ii) receives services consistent with such new share class. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order.

     2. Conversion into ETF Shares. Except as otherwise provided, a shareholder may convert Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, or Institutional Shares into ETF Shares of the same fund (if available), provided that: (i) the share class out of which the shareholder is converting and the ETF Shares declare and distribute dividends on the same schedule; (ii) the shares to be converted are not held through an employee benefit plan; and (iii) following the conversion, the shareholder will hold ETF Shares through a brokerage account. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order. Vanguard or the Fund may charge an administrative fee to process conversion transactions.

B.      Automatic Conversions
  1.      Automatic conversion into Admiral Shares. Vanguard may
  automatically convert Investor Shares into Admiral Shares of the same fund (if available), provided that following the conversion the shareholder: (i) meets the eligibility requirements for Admiral Shares; and (ii) receives services consistent with Admiral Shares. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s conversion without the imposition of any charge. Such
  automatic      conversions may occur on a periodic, or one-time basis.
  Automatic conversions may occur at different times due to the differing mechanisms through which an account is funded or meets the required investment minimum. Automatic conversions do not apply to certain types of accounts (e.g., accounts held through certain intermediaries, or other accounts as may be excluded by Vanguard management).
  2.      Automatic conversion into Institutional Shares or
  Institutional Plus Shares. Vanguard may conduct automatic conversions of any share class into either Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares in accordance with then-current eligibility requirements.

5


 

  C.      Involuntary Conversions and Cash Outs
   1.      Cash Outs. If a shareholder in any class of shares no longer
   meets the eligibility requirements for such shares, the Fund may cash out the shareholder’s remaining account balance. Any such cash out will be
   preceded      by written notice to the shareholder and will be subject to the
   Fund’s normal redemption fees, if any.
   2.      Conversion of Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares, and
   Institutional Plus Shares. If a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for the share class currently held, the Fund may convert the shareholder’s holdings into the share class for which such shareholder is eligible. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder, and will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes without the imposition of any sales load, fee, or other charge.
   3.      Conversions of Transition Shares. When a Fund that issues
   Transition      Shares has completed the relevant portfolio transition, the Fund
   will convert the Transition Shares to another share class of the same Fund as appropriate, based on the eligibility requirements of such class as specified in
   Schedule      B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.
VI.      EXPENSE ALLOCATION AMONG CLASSES
  A.      Background
   Vanguard      is a jointly-owned subsidiary of the Funds. Vanguard provides
  the      Funds, on an at-cost basis, virtually all of their corporate management,
  administrative      and distribution services. Vanguard also may provide investment
  advisory      services on an at-cost basis to the Funds. Vanguard was established and
  operates      pursuant to a Funds’ Service Agreement between itself and the Funds
  (the      “Agreement”), and pursuant to certain exemptive orders granted by the U.S.
  Securities      and Exchange Commission (“Exemptive Orders”). Vanguard’s direct
  and      indirect expenses of providing corporate management, administrative and
  distribution      services to the Funds are allocated among such funds in accordance
  with      methods specified in the Agreement.1
  B.      Class Specific Expenses
   1.      Expenses for Account-Based Services. Expenses associated
   with Vanguard’s provision of account-based services to the Funds will be
   allocated      among the share classes of each Fund on the basis of the amount
   incurred by each such class as follows:

1 In accordance with the Agreement and Board approved methodologies, the expenses that would otherwise have been allocated to each Vanguard Fund of Funds are reallocated to the approve share class of the underlying funds in the Fund of Funds’ portfolio on a pro rata basis based on that Fund of Funds relative net assets invested in the underlying fund’s share class.

6


 

     (a) Account maintenance expenses. Expenses associated with the maintenance of investor accounts will be proportionately allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon a monthly determination of the costs to service each class of shares. Factors considered in this determination are (i) the percentage of total shareholder accounts represented by each class; (ii) the percentage of total account transactions performed by Vanguard for each class; and (iii) the percentage of new accounts opened for each class.

(b) Expenses of special servicing arrangements.

Expenses relating to any special servicing arrangements for a specific class will be proportionally allocated among each eligible Fund’s share classes primarily based on their percentage of total shareholder accounts receiving the special servicing arrangements.

(c) Literature production and mailing expenses.

Expenses associated with shareholder reports, proxy materials and other literature will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon the number of such items produced and mailed for each class.

     2. Other Class Specific Expenses. Expenses for the primary benefit of a particular share class will be allocated to that share class. Such expenses would include any legal fees attributable to a particular class.

C.      Fund-Wide Expenses
  1.      Marketing and Distribution Expenses. Each share class will
  bear marketing and distribution expenses proportionate to the marketing and distribution expenses of the business lines that distribute that share class. Retail and institutional businesses expenses will be allocated based on the percentage of client accounts in each share class serviced by the respective business. Financial advisory service expenses will be apportioned based on the percentage of assets in each share class.
  Expenses      associated with each share class will be allocated only among
  the Funds that have such share class according to the “Vanguard Modified Formula,” with each share class or each Fund treated as if it were a separate Fund. The Vanguard Modified Formula is set forth in the Agreement and in certain of the SEC Exemptive Orders. This allocation has been deemed an appropriate allocation methodology by each Fund’s Board of Trustees under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

7


 

     2. Asset Management Expenses. Expenses associated with management of a Fund’s assets (including all advisory, tax preparation and custody fees) will be allocated among the Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

     3. Other Fund Expenses. Any other Fund expenses not described above will be allocated among the share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

VII. ALLOCATION OF INCOME, GAINS AND LOSSES

     Income, gains and losses will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. As a result of differences in allocated expenses, it is expected that the net income of, and dividends payable to, each class of shares will vary. Dividends and distributions paid to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, on the same day and at the same time.

VIII. VOTING AND OTHER RIGHTS

     Each share class will have: (i) exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its service or distribution arrangements; and (ii) separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of the other class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights, obligations and privileges as each other, except as described in the Plan.

IX. AMENDMENTS

     All material amendments to the Plan must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund. In addition, any material amendment to the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000
Last Approved by Board: December 18, 2015

8


 

SCHEDULE A to

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

Note: Transition Shares, when offered by a Fund, are available for a limited period of time and are then converted into another share class. For this reason, Transition Shares are not shown on Schedule A.

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Admiral Funds  
· Treasury Money Market Fund Investor
· S&P 500 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P MidCap 400 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P MidCap 400 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P MidCap 400 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P SmallCap 600 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· S&P SmallCap 600 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Bond Index Funds  
· Short-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
· Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional
    Plus, ETF
· Long-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus,
    ETF
· Total Bond Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional
    Plus, Institutional Select, ETF
· Total Bond Market II Index Fund Investor, Institutional
· Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional
 
Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds  
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
· Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Charlotte Funds  
· Total International Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Select, ETF

 

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Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Chester Funds  
· PRIMECAP Fund Investor, Admiral
· Target Retirement Income Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2010 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2015 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2020 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2025 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2030 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2040 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2045 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2050 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2055 Fund Investor
· Target Retirement 2060 Fund Investor
· Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2010 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Institutional
· Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Institutional
 
Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Explorer Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Fenway Funds  
· Equity Income Fund Investor, Admiral
· Growth Equity Fund Investor
· PRIMECAP Core Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds  
· Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund Investor, Admiral
· Short-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
· Short-Term Federal Fund Investor, Admiral
· Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional
· Intermediate-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
· Intermediate-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral
· GNMA Fund Investor, Admiral
· Long-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
· Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral
· High-Yield Corporate Fund Investor, Admiral

 

2


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Horizon Funds  
· Capital Opportunity Fund Investor, Admiral
· Global Equity Fund Investor
· Strategic Equity Fund Investor
· Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Index Funds  
· 500 Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional Select, ETF
· Extended Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF
· Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Large-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
· Mid-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
· Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
· Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Small-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
· Small-Cap Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Total Stock Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional
    Plus, Institutional Select, ETF
· Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard International Equity Index Funds  
· Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  FTSE Emerging Markets ETF ETF
· European Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  FTSE Europe ETF ETF
· FTSE All-World ex US Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional
    Plus, ETF
· Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  FTSE Pacific ETF ETF
· Total World Stock Index Fund Investor, Institutional, ETF
· FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Investor, Institutional, ETF
· Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Malvern Funds  
· Capital Value Fund Investor
· Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities  
  Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· U.S. Value Fund Investor
· Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Plus
· Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund Institutional Plus

 

3


 

Vanguard Fund   Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds    
· Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor
 
Vanguard Money Market Funds    
· Prime Money Market Fund   Investor, Admiral
· Federal Money Market Fund   Investor
 
Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund   Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Montgomery Funds    
· Market Neutral Fund Investor, Institutional
 
Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds    
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund   Investor
· Short-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
· Limited-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
· Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
· High-Yield Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
· Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund   Investor, Admiral, ETF
 
Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds    
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund   Investor
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds    
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund   Investor
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds    
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund   Investor
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor
 
Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds    
· Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund   Investor
· Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund   Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Quantitative Funds    
· Growth and Income Fund   Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Scottsdale Funds    
· Short-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Intermediate-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Long-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund   Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund   Institutional, Admiral, ETF

 

4


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
 
· Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Institutional, Admiral, ETF
· Explorer Value Fund Investor
· Russell 1000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 2000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
· Russell 3000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Specialized Funds  
· Energy Fund Investor, Admiral
· Precious Metals Fund Investor
· Health Care Fund Investor, Admiral
· Dividend Growth Fund Investor
· REIT Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
 
Vanguard STAR Funds  
· LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor
· LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor
· LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor
· LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor
· STAR Fund Investor
· Total International Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, Institutional Select,
    ETF
Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds  
· Tax-Managed Balanced Fund Admiral
· Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund Admiral, Institutional
· Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  FTSE Developed Markets ETF ETF  
· Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund Admiral, Institutional
 
Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund  
· International Value Fund Investor
· Diversified Equity Fund Investor
· Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund Investor
· Alternative Strategies Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Valley Forge Funds  
· Balanced Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional
· Managed Payout Fund Investor

 

5


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds  
· Balanced Portfolio Investor
· Conservative Allocation Portfolio Investor
· Diversified Value Portfolio Investor
· Equity Income Portfolio Investor
· Equity Index Portfolio Investor
· Growth Portfolio Investor
· Total Bond Market Index Portfolio Investor
· High Yield Bond Portfolio Investor
· International Portfolio Investor
· Mid-Cap Index Portfolio Investor
· Moderate Allocation Portfolio Investor
· Money Market Portfolio Investor
· REIT Index Portfolio Investor
· Short-Term Investment Grade Portfolio Investor
· Small Company Growth Portfolio Investor
· Capital Growth Portfolio Investor
· Total Stock Market Index Portfolio Investor
 
Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Wellington Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Whitehall Funds  
· Selected Value Fund Investor
· Mid-Cap Growth Fund Investor
· International Explorer Fund Investor
· High Dividend Yield Index Fund Investor, ETF
· Emerging Markets Government  
  Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
· Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund Investor, Admiral
· International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
· International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
 
Vanguard Windsor Funds  
· Windsor Fund Investor, Admiral
· Windsor II Investor, Admiral

 

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Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized

Vanguard World Fund

  • Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund
  • FTSE Social Index Fund
  • International Growth Fund
  • Mega Cap Index Fund
  • Mega Cap Growth Index Fund
  • Mega Cap Value Index Fund
  • U.S. Growth Fund
  • Consumer Discretionary Index Fund
  • Consumer Staples Index Fund
  • Energy Index Fund
  • Financials Index Fund
  • Health Care Index Fund
  • Industrials Index Fund
  • Information Technology Index Fund
  • Materials Index Fund
  • Telecommunication Services Index Fund
  • Utilities Index Fund

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000 Last Updated: February 25, 2016

Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF Investor, Institutional Investor, Admiral Institutional, ETF

Institutional, ETF Institutional, ETF Investor, Admiral Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF

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SCHEDULE B to

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

Vanguard has policies and procedures designed to ensure consistency and compliance with the offering of multiple classes of shares within this Multiple Class Plan’s eligibility requirements.2 These policies are reviewed and monitored on an ongoing basis in conjunction with Vanguard’s Compliance Department.

Investor Shares - Eligibility Requirements

Investor Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000. A Vanguard Fund may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Investor Shares. Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.

Admiral Shares – Eligibility Requirements

Admiral Shares generally are intended for clients who meet the required minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $10,000 for retail clients in index funds and $50,000 for retail clients in actively managed funds. Retail managed clients and financial intermediary and other institutional clients may hold Admiral Shares of both index and actively managed funds without restriction. Vanguard Funds may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Admiral Shares and Vanguard reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Admiral Share class eligibility also is subject to the following rule:

  • Certain Retirement Plans – Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans, and retail serviced Individual 403(b)(7) custodial accounts held directly with Vanguard.

Institutional Shares – Eligibility Requirements

Institutional Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $5,000,000. However, Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

  • Individual clients. Individual clients may hold Institutional Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund.

2 The eligibility of a Vanguard Fund of Funds to invest in a particular share class of an underlying Vanguard fund is determined by Vanguard and the Board in accordance with the allocation methodology referenced in Section VI.

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  • Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold
      Institutional      Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that:
      (1)      each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum
      amount      described above; and
      (2)      the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the
      underlying      investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or
      (3)      a sub-accounting arrangement between Vanguard and the financial
      intermediary      allows Vanguard to monitor compliance with the eligibility
      requirements      established by Vanguard.
  • Institutional clients. Institutional clients, including but not limited to defined
      benefit      and contribution plan clients, endowments, and foundations may hold
      Institutional      Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by
      such      client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and
      invested      in the Fund is at least $5 million (or such higher minimum required
      by      the individual fund). Such institutional clients must disclose to Vanguard
      on      behalf of their accounts the following: (1) that each account has a common
      decision-maker;      and (2) the total balance in each account held by the client in
      the      Fund.
  • Investment by Vanguard Target Retirement Collective Trust. A Vanguard
      Target      Retirement Trust that is a collective trust exempt from regulation under
      the      Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment
      objective      by investing in underlying Vanguard Funds (a “TRT”) may hold
      Institutional      Shares of an underlying Fund whether or not its investment meets
      the      minimum investment threshold specified above.
  • Accumulation Period ¾Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g.
      employer      sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected
      to      quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Shares upon
      account      creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after
      account      set-up if Vanguard management determines that the account will
      become      eligible for Institutional Shares within a limited period of time
      (generally      90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the
      discretion      of Vanguard management.

    Institutional Plus Shares - Eligibility Requirements

    Institutional Plus Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $100,000,000. However, Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.

    Institutional Plus Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

    • Individual clients. Individual clients may hold Institutional Plus Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund. For purposes of this rule, Vanguard management is

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      authorized      to permit aggregation of a greater number of accounts in the case
      of      clients whose aggregate assets within the Vanguard Funds are expected to
      generate      substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts.
  • Institutional clients. Institutional clients, including but not limited to defined
      benefit      and contribution plan clients, endowments, and foundations may hold
      Institutional      Plus Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts
      held      by such client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries)
      and      invested in the Fund is at least $100 million (or such higher or lower
      minimum      required by the individual fund). Such institutional clients must
      disclose      to Vanguard on behalf of their accounts the following: (1) that each
      account      has a common decision-maker; and (2) the total balance in each
      account      held by the client in the Fund.
  • Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold
      Institutional      Plus Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided
      that:     
      (1)      each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum
      amount      described above; and
      (2)      the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the
      underlying      investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or
      (3)      a sub-accounting arrangement between Vanguard and the financial
      intermediary      allows Vanguard to monitor compliance with the eligibility
      requirements      established by Vanguard.
  • Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions e.g.
      employer      sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected
      to      quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares
      upon      account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly
      after      account set-up if Vanguard management determines that the account will
      become      eligible for Institutional Plus Shares within a limited period of time
      (generally      90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the
      discretion      of Vanguard management.
  • Asset Allocation Models - Vanguard clients with defined asset allocation
      models      whose assets meet eligibility requirements may qualify for
      Institutional      Plus Shares if such models comply with policies and procedures
      that      have been approved by Vanguard management.

    Institutional Select Shares - Eligibility Requirements

    Institutional Select Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000,000,000. However, Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Select Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

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  • Institutional clients. Institutional clients, including but not limited to defined
      benefit      and contribution plan clients, endowments, foundations, and Section
      529      college savings plans may hold Institutional Select Shares if the total
      amount      aggregated among all accounts held by such client (including accounts
      held      through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $3
      billion      (or such higher or lower minimum required by the individual fund).
      Such      institutional clients must disclose to Vanguard on behalf of their
      accounts      the following: (1) that each account has a common decision-maker;
      and      (2) the total balance in each account held by the client in the Fund.
  • Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold
      Institutional      Select Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided
      that:     
      (1)      each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum
      amount      described above; and
      (2)      the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the
      underlying      investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or
      (3)      a sub-accounting arrangement between Vanguard and the financial
      intermediary      allows Vanguard to monitor compliance with the eligibility
      requirements      established by Vanguard.
  • Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g.
      employer      sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected
      to      quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Select Shares
      upon      account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly
      after      account set-up, if Vanguard management determines that the account
      will      become eligible for Institutional Select Shares within a limited period of
      time      (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the
      discretion      of Vanguard management.
  • Investment by Vanguard collective investment trusts with a similar mandate.
      A      Vanguard collective investment trust exempt from regulation under the
      Investment      Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by
      investing      in an underlying Fund with an index-based mandate may hold
      Institutional      Select Shares of an underlying Fund with a similar index-based
      mandate      whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment
      threshold      specified above.

    ETF Shares – Eligibility Requirements

    The eligibility requirements for ETF Shares will be set forth in the Fund’s Registration Statement. To be eligible to purchase ETF Shares directly from a Fund, an investor must be (or must purchase through) an Authorized DTC Participant, as defined in Paragraph III.D of the Multiple Class Plan. Investors purchasing ETF Shares from a Fund must purchase a minimum number of shares, known as a Creation Unit. The number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit may vary from Fund to Fund, and will be set forth in the

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    relevant prospectus. The value of a Fund's Creation Unit will vary with the net asset value of the Fund’s ETF Shares, but is expected to be several million dollars. An eligible investor generally must purchase a Creation Unit by depositing a prescribed basket of securities with the Fund, rather than paying cash.

    Transition Shares – Eligibility Requirements

    Transition Shares will be offered only to Vanguard funds-of-funds and only by an underlying fund of a Vanguard fund-of-funds (i) that is receiving assets in kind from one or more funds-of-funds and (ii) that will “transition” those in-kind assets by selling some or all of them and using the proceeds to purchase different assets. There is no minimum investment amount for Transition Shares.

    Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000
    Last Approved by Board: January 29, 2016

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    EX-99.P CODE ETH 4 hotchkiscodeofethicsjan2016.htm HOTCHKIS COE hotchkiscodeofethicsjan2016.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

    Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management Compliance Manual

    2 – Code of Ethics

    2 – Code of Ethics



     

    2 – CODE OF ETHICS

         The personal trading and investment activities of employees of H&W are the subject of various federal securities laws, rules and regulations. Underlying these requirements is the fiduciary capacity in which H&W acts for its clients. As a fiduciary, H&W has a duty of loyalty to clients that requires the firm to act in the best interests of its clients and always place clients’ interests first and foremost.

         When H&W employees invest for their own accounts, conflicts of interest may arise between clients and employees. The conflicts may include an employee taking an investment opportunity from clients for the employee’s own portfolio, using an employee’s advisory position to take advantage of available investments or front running, which includes an employee trading before placing client transactions, thereby taking advantage of information or using client portfolio assets to have an effect on the market that is used to the employee’s benefit.

         The securities laws and regulations that cover the personal trading and investment activities of advisory personnel include: (a) the anti-fraud provisions (Section 206) of the Advisers Act that prohibit any scheme, practice, transaction or a course of business that operates as a fraud or deceit on a client; (b) Form ADV and Rule 204-3 requirements that provide that an adviser disclose its practices and its interests in client transactions, among other things; (c) Rule 204A-1 requirement that an adviser establish, maintain, and enforce a written code of ethics policy; (d) recordkeeping requirements (Rule 204-2(a)(12) of the Advisers Act) for the personal trading of advisory representatives; (e) Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 regarding the personal trading of access persons; and (f) Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder regarding the use of manipulative and deceptive devices.

         H&W shall not be deemed to have violated the provisions of the books and records rules because of its failure to record securities transactions of any advisory representative if H&W establishes that it instituted adequate procedures and used reasonable diligence to obtain promptly reports of all transactions required to be recorded.

         To implement its employee personal trading policies, H&W has adopted the Code of Ethics included as Appendix 2-A. All employees are required to preclear their personal trades (excluding certain exempt securities) using the employee trading pre-clearance and monitoring system (“SchwabCT”). All requests and approval are maintained in the SchwabCT system (effective in January 2013). Employees’ securities trades are periodically reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and Chief Compliance Officer.

         Employee transactions in H&W advised and subadvised funds are also subject to preclearance requirements.

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    Appendix 2-A

    Joint Code of Ethics

    Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (“H&W”) And Registered Investment Companies For which H&W Serves as Investment Adviser Updated As of December 2, 2013

    ________________________________________________________________________

         This Code of Ethics is adopted by Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC ("H&W") and Hotchkis and Wiley Funds (the "Funds") pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”) and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act"). Except where noted, the Code applies to all H&W employees and all “Advisory Persons” (as defined in Rule 17j-1) of the Funds.1

    Section 1 – Statement of General Fiduciary Principles and Standard of Business Conduct

         The Code of Ethics is based on the fundamental principle that H&W and its employees must put client interests first. As an investment adviser, H&W has fiduciary responsibilities to its clients, including the Funds and any other investment companies for which it serves as an investment adviser or sub-adviser. Among H&W’s fiduciary responsibilities is the responsibility to ensure that its employees conduct their personal Securities2 transactions in a manner which does not interfere or appear to interfere with any client transactions, or otherwise take unfair advantage of H&W's relationship to clients. All employees must adhere to this fundamental principle as well as comply with the specific provisions set forth herein.

         More generally, H&W standards of business conduct are based on principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust. It bears emphasis that technical compliance with the Code of Ethics will not insulate from scrutiny transactions which show a pattern of compromise or abuse of an employee’s fiduciary responsibilities to clients. Accordingly, all employees must seek to avoid any actual or potential conflicts, or the appearance of such conflicts, between their personal interests and the interests of clients.

    1 The definition of “Advisory Persons” includes, among others, all trustees and officers of the Funds, and all directors and officers of HWCM. Because there are no such persons, other than the Independent Trustees of the Funds, who are not also employees of HWCM, this Code generally refers only to “employees” or, where necessary, to “Independent Trustees.”

    2 “Security” means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a “security”, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guaranty of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing.

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    Section 2 – Standards of Business Conduct

    A. Compliance with Laws and Regulations

         Employees must comply with applicable federal securities laws. As part of this requirement, employees are not permitted, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a Security held or to be acquired by a client:

    a.      To defraud such client in any manner;
    b.      To mislead such client, including making a statement that omits material facts;
    c.      To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon such client;
    d.      To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such client; or
    e.      To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation.

    B. Conflicts of Interest

         As a fiduciary, H&W has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interests of its clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by trying to avoid conflicts of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any client. Employees must try to avoid situations that have even the appearance of conflict or impropriety.

         Conflicts Among Client Interests. Conflicts of interest may arise where the firm or its employees have reason to favor the interest of one client over another (e.g., larger accounts over smaller accounts, accounts compensated by performance fees over accounts not so compensated). H&W prohibits inappropriate favoritism of one client over another client that would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty.

         Competing with Client Trades. Employees are prohibited from using knowledge about pending or currently considered Securities transactions for clients to profit personally, directly or indirectly, as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling such Securities. Conflicts raised by personal Securities transactions are also addressed more specifically in Section 3.

    C. Insider Trading Policy

         Employees are prohibited from buying or selling any Security while in the possession of material nonpublic information about the issuer of the Security. Material information is generally defined as information that a reasonable investor would likely consider important in making his or her investment decision or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s Securities. Information is nonpublic unless it has been effectively communicated to the market place. It is the SEC’s position that the term “material nonpublic information” relates not only to issuers but also to H&W’s Securities recommendations and client Securities holdings and transactions.

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         Employees are also prohibited from communicating to third parties any material nonpublic information about any security or issuer of Securities. Additionally, no employee may use inside information about H&W activities to benefit any client or to gain personal benefit. Any violation may result in sanctions, which could include termination of employment with H&W. (See Section 9—Sanctions.)

         For more information regarding H&W's Insider Trading Policy, see the Code of Conduct in Tab 3 of the Compliance Manual.

    Section 3 - Restrictions Relating to Securities Transactions

    A. General Trading Restrictions for all Employees

    The following restrictions apply to all employees:

    1.      Employee Reporting. All employees are subject to the reporting requirements described in Section 5. These requirements extend to accounts of employees' spouses, dependent relatives, trustee and custodial accounts or any other account in which the employee has a financial interest or over which the employee has investment discretion (other than H&W managed separate accounts).
    2.      Preclearance. All employees must obtain written approval from the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) or preclearance delegate prior to entering into any Securities transaction (with the exception of exempted Securities as listed in Section 4) in all accounts. Approval of a transaction, once given, is effective for 1 business day, (the day approval was granted unless otherwise specified in the written approval), or until the employee discovers that the information provided at the time the transaction was approved is no longer accurate. Any transaction not completed within the 1 day (or other specified) time period will require reapproval.
      Setting up or adjustments to systematic purchases and/or sales of any Security needs preclearance, but subsequent systematic transactions do not need preclearance.
      Transactions in the Funds or other mutual funds advised or sub-advised by H&W need preclearance. Setting up systematic contributions to and/or withdrawals from such Funds/funds also needs preclearance, but subsequent systematic transactions do not need preclearance. Exchanges into and out of an H&W-advised mutual fund in the Hotchkis and Wiley 401(k) plan need preclearance. A change in percentage allocation for future contribution in an H&W-advised mutual fund in the H&W 401(k) plan does not need preclearance.
      Employees may preclear trades only in cases where they have a present intention to
    transact      in the Security for which preclearance is sought. It is H&W’s view that it is not
    appropriate      for an employee to obtain a general or open-ended preclearance to cover the
    eventuality      that he or she may buy or sell a Security at some point on a particular day
    depending      upon market developments. This requirement would not prohibit a price limit

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      order, provided that the employee has a present intention to effect a transaction at such price. Consistent with the foregoing, an employee may not simultaneously request preclearance to buy and sell the same Security.
      Personal trades of Compliance employees must be precleared by another person from the Compliance Department.
    3.      Restrictions on Transactions. No employee may purchase or sell any Security which at the time is being purchased or sold, or to the employee’s knowledge is being considered for purchase or sale, by any Fund, or other mutual fund or separate account managed by H&W (each, an "H&W Client").
    4.      Restrictions on Related Securities. The restrictions and procedures applicable to the transactions in Securities by employees set forth in this Code of Ethics shall similarly apply to Securities that are issued by the same issuer and whose value or return is related, in whole or in part, to the value or return of the Security purchased or sold or being contemplated for purchase or sale during the relevant period by an H&W Client. For example, options or warrants to purchase common stock, and convertible debt and convertible preferred stock of a particular issuer would be considered related to the underlying common stock of that issuer for purposes of this policy. In sum, the related Security would be treated as if it were the underlying Security for the purpose of the preclearance procedures described herein.
    5.      Private Placements. Employee purchases and sales of “private placement” Securities (including all private equity partnerships, hedge funds, limited partnership or venture capital funds) must be precleared. No employee may engage in any such transaction unless the CCO or a preclearance delegate and the employee’s manager have each previously determined in writing that the contemplated investment does not involve any
    potential      for conflict with the investment activities of any H&W Client.
    If,      after receiving the required approval, an employee has any material role in the
    subsequent      consideration by any H&W Client of an investment in the same or affiliated
    issuer,      the employee must disclose his or her interest in the private placement investment
    to      the CCO and the employee’s manager. The decision to purchase Securities of the
    issuer      by an H&W Client account must be independently reviewed and authorized by the
    employee’s      manager.
    6.      Initial Public Offerings. All initial public offerings require pre-clearance (including
    corporate,      government, or municipal debt public offerings). Employees are prohibited from
    acquiring      any securities in an initial public equity offering.
    7.      Blackout Periods. Employees may not buy or sell a Security within 7 calendar days
    either      before or after a target percentage purchase or sale of the same or related Security
    by      an H&W Client account (excluding cash flow trades and employee trades in the same
    direction      after a target trade in client accounts). For example (in an opposite direction
    employee      trade), if a Fund buys a Security on day 0, day 8 is the first day an employee

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      may sell the Security for his or her own account. Personal trades for employees, however, shall have no effect on an H&W Client account's ability to trade.
    8.      Establishing Positions Counter to H&W Client Positions. An employee may not establish a long position in his or her personal account in a Security if an H&W Client account would benefit from a decrease in the value of such Security. For example, an employee would be prohibited from establishing a long position if (1) a Fund holds a put option on such Security (aside from a put purchased for hedging purposes where the Fund holds the underlying Security); (2) the Fund has written a call option on such Security; or (3) the Fund has sold such Security short, other than “against-the-box.”
      Employees may not purchase a put option or write a call option where an H&W Client account holds a long position in the underlying Security. Employees may not short sell any Security where an H&W Client account holds a long position in the same Security or where such H&W Client account otherwise maintains a position in respect of which the H&W Client account would benefit from an increase in the value of the Security. This restriction does not apply to exchange traded funds which may be used by an H&W Client account to equitize cash.
    9.      Prohibition on Short-Term Profits. Employees are prohibited from profiting on any sale and subsequent purchase, or any purchase and subsequent sale, of the same (or equivalent) Securities occurring within 60 calendar days (“short-term profit”). This holding period also applies to all permitted option transactions; therefore, for example, an employee may not purchase or write an option if the option will expire in less than 60 days (unless such a person is buying or writing an option on a Security that he or she has held more than 60 days). In determining short-term profits, all employee directed transactions
    within      a 60-day period in all accounts related to the employee will be taken into
    consideration      in determining short-term profits, regardless of his or her intentions to do
    otherwise      (e.g., tax or other trading strategies). Should an employee fail to preclear a
    trade      that results in a short-term profit, the trade would be subject to reversal with all costs
    and      expenses related to the trade borne by the employee, and he or she would be
    required      to disgorge the profit. Transactions not required to be precleared under Section 3
    will      not be subject to this prohibition. Exchanges between the Funds and other H&W-
    advised      mutual funds within the H&W 401(k) plan also are not subject to this prohibition.
    However,      transactions in direct holdings of the Funds and other H&W-advised mutual
    funds      are subject to this prohibition, excluding accounts with systematic contributions
    and/or      withdrawals.

    B. Trading Restrictions for Independent Trustees of the Funds

         The following restrictions apply only to Independent Trustees of the Funds (i.e., any Trustee who is not an “interested person” of the Funds, within the meaning of the 1940 Act):

    1.      Restrictions on Purchases. No Independent Trustee may purchase any Security which, to the Trustee’s knowledge at the time, is being purchased or is being considered for purchase by the Funds.

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    2.      Restrictions on Sales. No Independent Trustee may sell any Security which, to the Trustee’s knowledge at the time, is being sold or is being considered for sale by the Funds.
    3.      Restrictions on Trades in Securities Related in Value. The restrictions applicable to the transactions in Securities by Independent Trustees shall similarly apply to Securities that are issued by the same issuer and whose value or return is related, in whole or in part, to the value or return of the Security purchased or sold by the Funds (see Section 3.A.4.).

    Section 4 - Exempted Transactions/Securities

         With respect to H&W’s investment activities, H&W has determined that the following Securities transactions do not present the opportunity for improper trading activities that Rule 17j-1 and Rule 204A-1 are designed to prevent; therefore, the restrictions set forth in Section 3 (including preclearance, prohibition on short-term profits and blackout periods) shall not apply.

    A.      Purchases or sales of Securities in an account over which the employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (e.g., an account managed on a fully discretionary basis by an investment adviser or trustee).
    B.      Purchases or sales of direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
    C.      Purchases or sales of bank certificates, bankers acceptances, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements.
    D.      Purchases or sales of open-end registered investment companies (including money market funds), variable annuities and unit investment trusts, excluding the Funds and other mutual funds advised or sub-advised by H&W. However, purchases and sales of all closed-end funds and unit investment trusts (including exchange-traded funds “ETFs”) must be precleared unless specifically exempted in this Section.
    E.      Employer stock purchased and sold through employer-sponsored benefit plans in which the spouse or dependent relative of an H&W employee may participate (e.g., employee stock purchase plans or 401(k) plans) and sales of employer stock (or the exercise of stock options) that is received as compensation by an H&W employee’s spouse.
    F.      Purchases or sales of Securities which are non-volitional on the part of the employee (e.g., an in-the-money option that is automatically exercised by a broker; a Security that is called away as a result of an exercise of an option; or a Security that is sold by a broker, without employee consultation, i.e., to meet a margin call not met by the employee).
    G.      Purchases of Securities which are made by reinvesting cash dividends pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan.
    H.      Purchases or sales of Securities transacted as part of an automatic investment plan involving predetermined amounts on predetermined dates. However, set-up or adjustments to systematic purchases and/or sales of any Security needs preclearance.

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    I.      Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer.
    J.      Transactions in Securities pursuant to a bona fide tender offer made for any and all such Securities to all similarly situated shareholders in conjunction with mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations and/or similar corporate actions. However, tenders pursuant to offers for less than all outstanding Securities of a class of Securities of an issuer must be pre-cleared.
    K      Purchases or sales of commodities, futures (which include interest rate futures, currency futures and futures on broad-based indices), options (which include options on futures, interest rate options, currency options and options on broad-based indices), and swaps (which include interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and swaps on broad-based indices).
      Currently, “broad-based indices” include (but are not limited to) the S&P 100, S&P 500, Wilshire 5000, Russell 1000, Russell 2000, Russell 3000, FTSE 100, FTSE Large Cap, FTSE NASDAQ 500, FTSE NASDAQ Mid Cap, FTSE NASDAQ Small Cap, Nikkei 225, Dow 30, MSCI, MSCI Emerging Market Index, NASDAQ Composite, NASDAQ Global Market Composite, NASDAQ 100, NASDAQ Q-50, NASDAQ -100 Equal Weighted Index, NASDAQ Capital Market Composite, NASDAQ Mid Cap, NASDAQ Small Cap, and E-Mini S&P 500. For other “broad-based indices” that are not specifically detailed above, employees must consult with the Compliance Department prior to any transactions.
    L.      The receipt of a bona fide gift of Securities. (Donations of Securities, however, require preclearance.)
    M.      Purchases or sales of municipal bonds (including 529 plans) and auction rate securities traded in the secondary market. Any purchase in an initial public offering of municipal debt or auction rate securities requires preclearance.
    N.      Purchases or sales of direct obligations of any foreign governments.
    O.      Purchases or sales of closed-end funds or unit investment trusts (including ETFs) invested only in exempted types of Securities as listed in Section 4.

    Section 5 – Reporting by Employees

         The requirements of this Section 5 apply to all employees. The requirements will also apply to all Securities transactions in the accounts of spouses, dependent relatives and members of the same household, trustee and custodial accounts or any other account in which the employee has a financial interest or over which the employee has investment discretion. The requirements do not apply to Securities acquired for accounts over which the employee has no direct or indirect control or influence.

         Employees are deemed to have complied with the requirements of Section 6.B. and C. provided that the Compliance Department receives duplicate statements and confirmations and such statements and confirms contain all of the information required in Section 5.B and C. Employees who do not have any brokerage accounts are not required to submit a quarterly report

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    noting that they have not transacted in reportable Securities. However, they are required to confirm annually that they do not have any brokerage accounts.

         With respect to exempt Securities referred to in Section 4 which do not require preclearance/reporting, employees must nonetheless report those exempt Securities defined in Section 4.D.-O. as described below, except open-end funds not advised or sub-advised by H&W.

         Employees who effect reportable transactions outside of a brokerage account (e.g., optional purchases or sales through an automatic investment program directly with an issuer) will be deemed to have complied with this requirement by preclearing transactions with the Compliance Department and by reporting their holdings quarterly on the “Personal Securities Holdings” form, as required by the Compliance Department.

    A.      Initial Holdings Report. Each new employee will be given a copy of this Code of Ethics
      upon      commencement of employment. All new employees must disclose their personal
      Securities      holdings to the Compliance Department within 10 days of commencement of
      employment      with H&W. (Similarly, Securities holdings of all new related accounts must be
      reported      to the Compliance Department within 10 days of the date that such account
      becomes      related to the employee.) Information must be current as of a date no more than 45
      days      prior to the date the report was submitted.
      1.      Initial holdings reports must identify the title and type of the Security (including, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number), number of shares, and principal amount with respect to each Security holding. Within 10 days of commencement of employment, each employee shall file an Acknowledgement stating that he or she has been supplied a copy of and has read and understands the provisions of the Code.
      2.      The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the employee maintained an account in which any Securities were held for the direct and indirect benefit of the employee as of the date the individual became an employee; and
      3.      The date that the report is submitted by the employee.
    B.      Quarterly Transaction Report. All employees must submit no later than thirty (30) calendar
      days      following the end of each quarter a list of all Securities transacted during the quarter.
      1.      Each employee shall report all transactions in Securities in which the person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. Reports shall be filed with the Compliance Department quarterly. Each employee must also report any personal Securities accounts established during the quarter. The CCO shall submit confidential quarterly reports with respect to his or her own personal Securities transactions and personal Securities accounts established to an officer designated to receive his or her reports, who shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the CCO.

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      2.      Every report shall be made no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:
       (i)      The date of the transaction, the title of the Security (including, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number), the interest rate and maturity (if applicable), the number of shares and principal amount involved;
       (ii)      The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
       (iii)      The price at which the transaction was effected;
       (iv)      The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected;
       (v)      The date the report is submitted by the employee; and
       (vi)      With respect to any personal Securities account established during the quarter, the broker, dealer or bank with whom the account was established, and the date the account was established.
      3.      In the event the employee has no reportable items during the quarter, the report should be so noted and returned signed and dated.
    C.      Annual Holdings Report. All employees must submit an annual holdings report reflecting
      holdings      as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted. As indicated
      above,      employees who provide monthly statements from their brokers/dealers are deemed to
      have      automatically complied with this requirement, provided the reports contain all required
      information      set forth in Section 5.A above.
    D.      Annual Certification of Compliance; Amendments to Code. All H&W employees must
      certify      annually to the Compliance Department that (1) they have read and understand and
      agree      to abide by this Code of Ethics; (2) they have complied with all requirements of the
      Code      of Ethics, except as otherwise notified by or reported to the Compliance Department
      that      they have not complied with certain of such requirements; and (3) they have reported all
      transactions      required to be reported under the Code of Ethics. All H&W employees must
      receive      and acknowledge receipt of any material amendments to the Code of Ethics.
    E.      Review of Transactions and Holdings Reports. All transactions reports and holdings
      reports      will be reviewed by Compliance personnel according to procedures established by the
      Compliance      Department.

    Section 6 – Reporting by Independent Trustees of the Funds

         An Independent Trustee of the Funds need only report a transaction in a Security if the Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling the official duties of a Trustee of the Funds, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding the date of the transaction by the Trustee, the Security was purchased or sold by the Funds or was being considered for purchase or sale by the Funds. In reporting such transactions, Independent Trustees must provide: the date of the transaction, a complete description of the

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    Security, number of shares, principal amount, nature of the transaction, price, commission, and name of broker/dealer through which the transaction was effected.

         As indicated in Section 5.D. for employees, Independent Trustees of the Funds are similarly required to certify annually to the Compliance Department that (1) they have read and understand and agree to abide by this Code of Ethics; (2) they have complied with all requirements of the Code of Ethics, except as otherwise notified by or reported to the Compliance Department that they have not complied with certain of such requirements; and (3) they have reported all transactions required to be reported under the Code of Ethics.

    Section 7 – Approval and Review by Board of Trustees

         The Board of Trustees of the Funds, including a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees, must approve this Code of Ethics. Additionally, any material changes to this Code must be approved by the Board within six months after adoption of any material change. The Board must base its approval of the Code and any material changes to the Code on a determination that the Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent employees from engaging in any conduct prohibited by Rule 17j-1. Prior to approving the Code or any material change to the Code, the Board must receive a certification from the Funds and H&W that each has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent employees from violating the Code of Ethics.

    Section 8 – Review of H&W Annual Report

         At least annually, the Funds and H&W must furnish to the Funds' Board of Trustees, and the Board of Trustees must consider, a written report that (1) describes any issues arising under this Code of Ethics or procedures since the last report to the Board of Trustees, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code of Ethics or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations and (2) certifies that the Funds and H&W have adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent H&W employees from violating this Code of Ethics.

    Section 9 - Sanctions

         Potential violations of the Code of Ethics must be brought to the attention of the CCO or her designee, will be investigated and, if appropriate, sanctions will be imposed. Upon completion of the investigation, if necessary, the matter may also be reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Operating Officer (COO), who will determine whether any further sanctions should be imposed. Sanctions may include, but are not limited to, a letter of caution or warning, reversal of a trade, disgorgement of a profit or absorption of costs associated with a trade, supervisor approval to trade for a prescribed period, fine or other monetary penalty, suspension of personal trading privileges, suspension of employment (with or without compensation), and termination of employment.

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    Section 10 – Reporting Violations

         All employees are required to report any violation of this Code of Ethics by any person to the CCO immediately upon first becoming aware of such violation. Failure to report violations may result in any of the sanctions described in Section 9, including termination of employment.

         An exception to any of the policies, restrictions or requirements set forth herein may be granted only upon a showing by the employee to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer that such employee would suffer extreme financial hardship should an exception not be granted. A transaction in a Security, a change in the employee’s investment objectives, tax strategies, or special new investment opportunities would not constitute acceptable reasons for a waiver.

    Section 11 – Exceptions

         An exception to any of the policies, restrictions or requirements set forth herein may be granted only upon a showing by the employee to the CEO, and COO that such waiver: (i) is necessary to alleviate hardship or is the result of unforeseen circumstances or is otherwise appropriate under all relevant facts and circumstances; (ii) will not be inconsistent with the purposes and objectives of the Code; (iii) will not adversely affect the interests of advisory clients of H&W or the interest of H&W; and (iv) will not result in a transaction or conduct that would violate provisions of applicable laws or regulations. A transaction in a Security due to a change in the employee’s investment objectives, tax strategies, or special new investment opportunities would not constitute acceptable reasons for a waiver.

    Section 12 – Confidentiality

         All employee transactions and holdings information will be maintained in confidence, except to the extent necessary to implement and enforce the provisions of the Code or to comply with applicable law or requests from governmental or regulatory agencies. In addition, in the event of violations or apparent violations of the Code, certain information may be disclosed to affected H&W clients.

    Section 13 – Recordkeeping

         H&W will maintain all records relevant to this Code of Ethics as required under the Advisers Act and the 1940 Act.

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    Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management Compliance Manual

    3 – Code of Conduct

    3 – Code of Conduct



     

    3 – CODE OF CONDUCT

    This Code of Conduct is intended to assist you and our other employees in meeting the high standards we follow in conducting our business. One of our most important assets is our reputation for integrity and professionalism. The responsibility of maintaining that reputation rests with you and our other employees. This shared commitment underlies our success as individuals and as a business.

    3.1      Additional Personal Trading Restrictions
      (These Restrictions are In Addition to Those Included in our Code of Ethics)
    3.1.1      Trading Restrictions Applicable to All Employees
      In addition to the personal trading restrictions described in our Code of Ethics and

    those described in this section, you must also follow the requirements described below in connection with all personal securities transactions.

  • Trading Activity
      l      You are subject to the following trading restrictions on all personal
       securities      transactions:
       n      Transactions must not be timed to precede orders placed for any client, including our funds;
       n      Trading activity must not be excessive in terms of your financial resources or in terms of time spent on your own investments; and
       n      Transfers of funds or securities between client accounts and employee accounts are prohibited.
  • Sanctions

    Any trading-related violation, including failure to properly preclear a non-exempt personal trade, may incur the following sanctions based on the facts and circumstances of the violation.

    First Failure to Preclear

    • Memo to employee with copy to supervisor
    • Code of Ethics will be provided to employee who will be advised to read it carefully

    Second Failure to Preclear within Three Months

    • Employee must obtain written approval from supervisor for each trade for a 30-day period
    • Code of Ethics will be provided to employee and employee will be required to acknowledge his or her understanding of the Code of Ethics

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    Additional Non-Preclearances within Three Months

    • Employee will meet with the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and/or Chief Compliance Officer of H&W
    • Suspension of trading privileges for up to 60 days (except to close out open positions when a severe financial hardship is demonstrated) may be considered
    • Written warning to employee’s personnel file

    Substantive Violations

    • Busting of trades or disgorgement of profits for each non-preclearance when the trade would not otherwise have been precleared by the Compliance Department (e.g., the trade poses a conflict of interest, violates a blackout period, or results in a non-permissible short-term profit)
    • Trades properly precleared but otherwise violating the Code of Ethics (e.g., those subsequently determined to constitute frontrunning) will require at a minimum, a meeting with the CEO, COO and/or CCO, 30- day supervisor approval for subsequent trades and a written warning to the employee’s personnel file.

    Chronic Violations

    • Meeting with the CEO, COO and/or CCO
    • Sanctions may include (but not limited to) busting of trades, disgorgement of profits and/or absorption of trading costs, supervisor approval for subsequent trades, suspension of personal trading privileges, suspension of employment (with or without compensation), and termination of employment.

    3.2 Insider Trading

         Under the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988 and Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Firm must establish, maintain and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, non-public information. Accordingly, the Firm and each of its employees are prohibited from purchasing or selling any publicly traded stock, bond, option or other security on the basis of material, nonpublic information (i.e., Insider Trading). In addition, the Firm and each of its Employees have a fiduciary obligation to the Firm’s clients to protect the confidentiality of all proprietary, sensitive or other confidential information communicated to Adviser or such Employees by its clients. Finally, because the Firm and each of its Employees is a fiduciary to its clients, the Firm and such Employees must also maintain the highest ethical standards and refrain from engaging in activities that may create actual or apparent conflicts of interest between the interests of the Firm or such Employees and the interests of its clients.

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         To ensure that Insider Trading laws are not violated, that client confidences are maintained, and that conflicts of interest are avoided, the Firm has adopted the policies and procedures set forth in this Manual. The policies and procedures set forth herein are intended to articulate the Firm’s policies, educate the Employees about the issues and the Firm's policies, establish procedures for complying with those policies, monitor compliance with such policies and procedures, and ensure, to the extent feasible, that the Firm satisfies its obligations in this area. By doing so, the Firm hopes that the highest ethical standards are maintained and that the reputation of the Firm is sustained.

         Regulation FD (for “fair disclosure”) bars certain issuers of securities from sharing “material non-public information” with security holders and securities market professionals (such as portfolio managers (“PMs”) and analysts) unless that information is simultaneously disseminated through public channels. Regulation FD expressly places its prohibitions on issuers who disseminate information, not those who receive selectively disclosed information, and should not significantly impact the manner in which PMs and analysts seek and obtain information from companies.

         Issuers may, however, increasingly seek oral or written “confidentiality agreements” before speaking to a portfolio manager or an analyst. Although Regulation FD specifically permits disclosure of material nonpublic information to persons who agree to keep the information confidential, a PM or analyst who enters into such a confidentiality agreement will be prohibited from trading upon that information. Accordingly, PMs and analysts must refrain from agreeing to any confidentiality agreements and that any request to execute a confidentiality agreement must immediately be referred to the CCO or COO.

    3.2.1      What You Must Do If You Receive Inside Information
      l      If you receive information that you believe constitutes inside information, you
      
  • adhere to the following procedures:
      
  • Report the information immediately along with its source to the CCO or COO.
      
  • Refrain from trading any securities of the issuer to which the information relates for yourself or others (including our funds and institutional accounts), unless you receive prior approval from the CCO or COO.
      
  • Refrain from disclosing the information to others or making any other use of the information without the prior approval of the CCO or COO.
      l      To avoid dissemination, you must not put any information you believe may be
      
  • information in writing without the approval of the CCO or COO.
    3.2.2      Investment Information Relating to our Funds and Institutional Accounts is
      Inside      Information
      l      In the course of your employment, you may learn about the current or pending
      
  • activities of our funds and institutional clients (e.g., actual or
      
  • purchases and sales of securities). Using or sharing this information
      
  • than in connection with the investment of client accounts is considered
      
  • on inside information and is therefore prohibited.

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    l      Additional trading restrictions that you and others must follow in connection with the investment activities of our funds and private accounts are included under Code of Ethics and under Additional Personal Trading Restrictions (Section 3.1).

    3.2.3 Identifying Other Types of Inside Information

         To constitute inside information, the information must be both “material” and “non-public.” See also Commonly Asked Questions below, which is designed to assist you in identifying inside information.

  • What is “Material Information”?
      l      “Material information” generally includes information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment decision, or it could reasonably be expected to have a substantial effect on the price of the issuer’s securities.
      l      No simple test exists to determine when information is material; assessments of materiality involve a highly fact-specific inquiry.
       Because materiality determinations are often challenged with the benefit of hindsight, if you have any doubt whether certain information is “material” so as to require you or others to refrain from trading or sharing information, those doubts must be resolved against trading or communicating the information. You must contact the CCO or COO in these circumstances.
    3.2.4      Examples of Inside Information/Non-Public, Material Information
     
  • must be presumed to be inside information if the information is non-
     
  • and relates to the matters identified below:
     
  • Dividend changes, including increases or decreases;
     
  • Changes in credit ratings;
     
  • Significant expansions or curtailments of operations or significant increases or decreases of orders
     
  • Planned offerings of securities (including offerings underwritten by one of our affiliates);
     
  • Extraordinary borrowings or liquidity problems;
     
  • Corporate actions the issuer is considering;
     
  • Proposed favorable or unfavorable news articles featuring the issuer;
     
  • Earnings information, including whether the issuer will or will not meet expectations;
     
  • Inflows or outflows of client assets or assets under management;
     
  • Changes in control, mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, joint ventures, divestitures, or changes in assets;

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      §      New products or discoveries, or developments regarding customers or
      
  • (e.g., the acquisition or loss of an important contract);
      §      Changes in management, key personnel, or employee turnover;
      §      Changes in compensation policy;
      §      A change in auditors or auditor notification that an issuer may no longer rely
      
  • an audit report;
      §      Events regarding an issuer’s securities – e.g., defaults on senior securities,
      
  • of securities for redemption, repurchase plans, stock splits or changes in
      
  • changes to the rights of security holders, public or private sales of
      
  • securities;
      §      Significant litigation; and
      §      Bankruptcy, corporate restructuring or receivership.
    3.2.5      What Constitutes “Non-Public” and “Public” Information?
      l      Information is “nonpublic” if it has not been disclosed to the general public by
      
  • of a press release, SEC filing, other media for broad public access, or at
      
  • meeting at which the public was given notice and allowed to attend. You
      
  • be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally
      
  • 3.2.6      Examples of “Public” Information
      l      Information may be deemed to have been made public – and thus not subject
      
  • the prohibitions on insider trading – in a number of different ways,
      
  • when the information:
      
  • Appears in the press or in a widely disseminated source or publication (e.g., Dow Jones tape, Reuters, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times);
      
  • Is included in publicly available regulatory filings (e.g., when the information is available through the public data base of a federal regulatory agency, such as the SEC);
      
  • Is disclosed in a stockholder report or a press release from the issuer;
      
  • Is announced in a public forum such as a stockholder meeting;
      
  • Is provided by the issuer freely to anyone making an inquiry;
      
  • Is being disseminated to traders generally by brokers or institutional analysts, unless there is a reasonable basis to believe that such information is confidential and came from a corporate insider; and
      
  • Is received by a person who does not have a relationship with the issuer or who does not otherwise owe a duty of confidentiality to the issuer or another person.

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    l      Material, non-public information that is later made public is no longer subject to the prohibitions on insider trading. You must allow sufficient time for the market to absorb the information and for an investment’s price to reflect the information, prior to trading.

    3.2.7 Commonly Asked Questions

    Questions arise from time to time with respect to what constitutes inside information.

    With that in mind, we have set forth below some commonly asked questions and answers to serve as guidance.

    l      Q: My decision making is based on my own security analysis. My conclusions
     
  • not published in the marketplace. Are my conclusions inside information
     
  • me from trading?
     
  • A: We liken a security analyst’s conclusions drawn from available information to a craftsman’s creation of a mosaic picture from pieces of tile.
       Assuming that no piece itself is based on inside information, a security analyst may put the pieces together to form a total picture. The “picture” that is the security analyst’s own work product is not inside information.
    l      Q: What if the analysis comes from a sell-side analyst?
     
  • A: The same considerations described in the first question apply to a sell-side analyst’s work product as to a portfolio personnel’s work product. The sell- side analyst’s recommendation or report is not considered inside information if no part of the information is based on inside information.
     
  • Further Explanation: You may generally assume that information provided by a reputable sell side firm is lawfully gathered. However, if you have reason to believe that the information was obtained by a breach of confidence or other illegal means (e.g., the sales coverage says, “I was told by the investment banker on the deal…” or “we think the information was leaked from a magazine or rating agency”) that information may not be used. In these circumstances, do not trade the security without the prior approval of the CCO or COO.
     
  • Although we may be the sell side firm’s first (or even only) call, you may use a sell side analyst’s proper work product immediately. There is no requirement that the analysis must be publicly disseminated before it can be used.
    l      Q: When I talk to the issuer, is the information I receive “inside” information?
     
  • A: The presumption is that the information you receive from talking to an “authorized person” at the issuer is not inside information.
    l      Q: Who is an “authorized person” at an issuer?
     
  • A: An authorized person is a person authorized to talk to investors about the particular topic in the ordinary course of the person’s duties. Unless you know otherwise, you may consider any CEO, COO, CFO or Investor or Public Relations official as authorized to talk to you about any topic. In addition, any

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      other officer, employee, or agent of the issuer who regularly communicates with any securities professionals or shareholders is considered an authorized person.
    l      Q: What if I am the only securities analyst who bothers to talk to the authorized
     
  •  
  • A: In itself, that creates no problem. You may presume (unless you know otherwise) that if the authorized person will talk to you, the authorized person would be willing to talk to other investors and research firms. Our clients are not disadvantaged because our personnel are more diligent.
    l      Q: Can I use information provided to me by an authorized person in the course of
     
  • person’s duties?
     
  • A: Ordinarily, yes. However, we consider some information material per se and you must not trade based on that information without the prior approval from the CCO or COO, even if its source is an authorized person acting in the ordinary course of business.
    l      Q: If I obtain information whose ultimate source involved a breach of a duty or
     
  • illegal act, may I trade the security if I had no direct contact with the offending
     
  •  
  • A: No. If you have reason to know that the information originated through a tainted source, it remains tainted in our hands -- and you cannot trade the security without the prior written approval of the CCO or COO.

    3.3 Trading Stock to Affect the Markets/Manipulative Trading Practices

    In addition to the prohibitions on insider trading, the federal securities laws prohibit you and others from engaging in manipulative trading practices. If you violate these laws, you may be responsible for the damages sustained as a result of the manipulative activity, in addition to other sanctions. These laws prohibit you, when acting for yourself or for others (including our client accounts), from:

    l      Engaging in trading or apparent trading activity for the purpose of causing the price of a registered security to move up or down, and then taking advantage of the price movement by buying or selling at the “artificial” price level (a practice known as “pumping and dumping”);
    l      Using the mail or any other method of interstate commerce to manipulate securities prices by creating a false or misleading appearance of active trading (a practice known as “mail fraud”); and
    l      Circulating or disseminating, in the ordinary course of business, information to affect the price of any security (a practice known as “rumor mongering”).

    3.4 Sharing Investment-Related Information/Our Information Barriers

         We have established procedures that create information barriers between the professionals within the Firm and those of our affiliate, Stephens Group Inc. and affiliates (“Stephens”). The procedures are designed to prevent the dissemination of inside, confidential and proprietary information. Because of the broad nature of the financial

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    service activities we and our affiliate conduct, these procedures are required by law and critically important. You must have a working knowledge of these procedures to prevent inappropriate dissemination of information to our affiliate. Our affiliate is also subject to its own information barriers, which govern the dissemination of information among its employees and to our professionals and those of other affiliates.

    3.4.1 Prohibition on Communications of Confidential Information

         All communications whether written, oral, electronic or otherwise between the Firm and Stephens involving the exchange of confidential information are prohibited. This policy applies regardless of whether or not the confidential information is material. To further this policy, Stephens personnel shall not make any inquiry of H&W personnel, and H&W personnel shall not make any inquiry of Stephens personnel, regarding matters which the person making the inquiry knows or reasonably should know would require the disclosure of confidential information. For example, H&W personnel shall not inquire of Stephens personnel regarding any aspect of Stephens’ role in a potential business combination.

    • Exception on a Need-to Know Basis – Exceptions may be made in certain cases on a Need-to-Know Basis after consideration and approval by the CCO, COO of H&W or an appropriate designee.
    • Requirement to Notify Compliance of Breach of Policy – In the event that any H&W personnel believes that they have received any confidential information from Stephens personnel, or been asked to provide confidential information to Stephens personnel, they must inform the CCO or COO immediately.

    3.4.2 Communication between H&W and Stephens

         Stephens provides H&W Compliance Department with a list of their securities underwriting participations. H&W Compliance Department uses this list as a check to ensure that we did not enter into prohibited affiliated transactions. This list is not distributed outside of H&W Compliance Department.

         The Firm provides Stephens with the model portfolios of two H&W strategies subject to an advisory agreement.

    3.5 General Business Conduct/Conflicts of Interest

         We are committed to the highest standards of business conduct. As a consequence, the conduct of each employee is vitally important to us. A single misstep can disadvantage our clients and undermine our reputation. You must always protect the integrity of the Firm and act in the best interests of our clients.

    3.5.1 Gifts and Entertainment

         Giving or accepting gifts or entertainment in connection with your employment can raise questions about your impartiality and the Firm’s ethical values. To address these concerns, the firm has established the below policy and procedures that apply to the giving or accepting of gifts or entertainment in the course of your employment.

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    l      Prohibition of Gifts or Entertainment for Compensation: Employees are prohibited from the acceptance of any gifts, entertainment or any other forms of consideration as compensation for the purchase or sale of any property to or for any of the firm’s clients, including securities and portfolio holdings.
    l      Prohibition of Gifts or Entertainment to Influence Business Decisions: Employees are prohibited from the giving of any gifts, entertainment or any other forms of consideration as compensation if they could be interpreted as creating an obligation or could be perceived to influence business decisions related to the firm’s investment advisory services. However, as detailed below, reasonable offers of gifts or entertainment may be offered.
    l      Gifts of Nominal Value: You may not, directly or indirectly, give or receive gifts or other considerations in the form of cash, merchandise, services or any other benefit of more than $100 USD in value from any person or other entity (per year) that does business, or proposes to do business, with the firm. Gifts of reminder advertising (e.g. pens, mugs, etc., with company logo) are exempt from this limit.
      Gifts given to the firm and are shared by all the employees of the firm are also exempt from this limit.
    l      Gifts Preclearance: All gifts to be given by employees must be precleared through the Compliance Department. In addition, all gifts received by employees must be reported to the Compliance Department. These gifts do not include reminder gifts and gifts shared by the firm.
    l      Ordinary Business Entertainment: You may give or accept business entertainment (e.g., meals, sporting event or theatre tickets, and golf course fees) in the ordinary course of business interactions even though the cost of such items exceed the $100 limit as long as the business courtesy is not so frequent or significant in amount as to potentially impair your judgement to act in the best
    interest      of H&W and our clients. The sponsoring party must be in attendance as a
    host      of the event. If the sponsoring party is not in attendance as host, then the
    cost      of the entertainment will be viewed as a gift and will be subject to the $100
    limit.     
    l      Preclearance of Entertainment above $500: Employees must pre-clear through
    the      Compliance Department any entertainment to be received from a vendor
    where      the estimated cost (on a best efforts basis) is above $500.
    l      Reporting of Business Entertainment by Vendors: Employees are required to
    report      to the Compliance Department any entertainment by vendors (including
    brokers      and other third-party service providers) where the cost per employee is
    over      $100 per event.
    l      All gifts and entertainment of any (1) foreign, federal, state and local government
    officials      or (2) pension plan (including Taft-Hartley plan) officials subject to the
    Employee      Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) must be precleared
    through      the Compliance Department. Business entertainment of non-government
    or      non-ERISA (non-Taft Hartley plan) officials does not require preclearance.

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    l Travel and Lodging: You may not directly or indirectly accept payment for travel or lodging expenses from any person or other entity that does business, or proposes to do business, with us or our affiliates in conjunction with attendance at seminars, meetings, conferences, etc., without prior written approval of your Supervisor and the Compliance Department. Similarly, you may not directly or indirectly provide payment for travel or lodging expenses in these circumstances without prior written approval of your Supervisor and the Compliance Department.

    3.5.2 Outside Activities

    Without the prior written approval of the CCO or COO, you may not engage in

    any outside business activities that may give rise to conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest or otherwise jeopardize the integrity or reputation of the Firm or any of our affiliates. Although we do not require approval of outside activities undertaken by family members, you must contact the CCO or COO if you believe that any such outside activities may raise or appear to raise a conflict of interest in connection with your employment or the business activities of the Firm or one of our affiliates.

    l Considerations for Approving Outside Activities: Whether a particular outside activity may be approved or continued in the future will depend on a variety of factors including the extent to which the proposed activity could violate any law or regulation, interfere with your responsibilities to us, involve prolonged absences during business hours, or compete with our interests. Additionally, the possibility of adverse publicity and potential liability will be weighed.l Without the written approval of your Supervisor and the CCO or COO, you must not:§ Be employed or compensated by any other entity;§ Have active involvement in any other business including part-time, evening or weekend employment;§ Serve as an officer, director, partner, etc. in any publicly traded entity;§ Hold a seat in public office, or commit to a candidacy or a formal position on a campaign committee;§ Operate a hedge fund or sponsor or participate in an association or group formed to invest in securities (e.g., an investment club); or§ Recommend another firm’s investment management, brokerage, or similar services for a referral fee, unless the recommendation is allowed by a program we have established.

    3.5.3 Electronic Communications

    We strive to maintain a professional work environment in every respect, including

    matters related to electronic communications. Any misuse of the Firm’s resources can result in disciplinary action, including termination of Internet access privileges and immediate dismissal. Electronic communications, including connections to Internet and

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    Intranet Web sites conducted using the Firm’s computing or network resources, are the property of the Firm and are subject to monitoring.

    3.5.4 Social Media

         Social networking sites are prohibited for any business related activities (e.g., sending e-mails about our mutual funds; posting firm or mutual fund materials on the network site, etc.). Employees are allowed to participate in social networks for personal use only. Employees who use social media to network with other professionals should only include basic H&W company information (name, address, phone number, etc.) on the respective network site.

    3.5.5 U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Anti-Bribery Regulations

         No payments of any kind may be made by H&W or by an employee or any other person, directly or indirectly, to any person, government, corporation, or other entity for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, influencing any acts or decisions, or ensuring an improper advantage, or for any other purpose other than as allowed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other laws and regulations that apply in various countries and legal jurisdictions influencing favorable consideration of applications for a business activity or other matter. Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other applicable regulations (including various countries and legal jurisdictions), there are severe penalties that may be imposed on the firm and on individuals who violate these laws and regulations.

    3.5.6 Political Contributions and Other Political Activities

         All employees are required to pre-clear with the Compliance Department personal contributions (including contributions by spouse and dependent family members) to individual political officials/candidates (at the federal, state, or local government levels) and political parties/committees. In addition, pre-clearance by the Compliance Department is required for any political fundraising activities. To comply with federal, state, and local governments’ pay-to-play regulations, the Firm’s policies and procedures on political contributions and activities are included as Appendix 3-D.

    3.5.7 Entertainment of Public Officials

         We have adopted procedures that apply to entertainment of public officials. These procedures are included as Appendix 3-A.

    3.5.8 Entertainment of Pension Plan (including Taft-Hartley) Officials

    Pension Plans under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)

         Section 406(b)(3) under ERISA prohibits plan fiduciaries from receiving “any consideration” for their personal benefit in connection with a transaction or transactions involving plan assets. General guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) limits the receipt by a fiduciary from any one entity of gifts (other than cash), meals, and entertainment to less than $250 (aggregate annual value). All gifts and entertainment of officials of ERISA pension plans (including Taft-Hartley plans) must be

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    pre-cleared by the Compliance Department. The pre-clearance procedures are included as Appendix 3-A.

    Taft-Hartley Plans

         The DOL requires notification of entertainment of employees of union-affiliated pension plans (commonly called “Taft-Hartley” plans) by service providers, including investment managers. Any employer, as defined by the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, as amended (LMRDA), who has engaged in certain financial transactions or arrangements, of the type described in Section 203(a) of the LMRDA, with any labor organization, union official, employee or labor relations consultant, or who has made expenditures for certain objects relating to activities of employees or a union, must file a Form LM-10. Any gifts or payments (collectively “gifts”), including gifts such as a client dinner, made by H&W to a covered person must be reported and filed on the DOL’s Office of Labor-Management Standards Form LM-10. The pre-clearance procedures for ERISA plan officials (includes Taft-Hartley)

    3.5.9 Contribution Requests

         From time to time, we may receive requests for contributions or sponsorship of a charitable event from our clients. Such requests should be forwarded to the Compliance Department for preapproval. The Compliance Department will determine if there are any conflicts of interest before the request is sent to the CEO for final approval.

    3.6 Regulatory, Legal and Other Contacts

         Care must be taken in responding to oral or written inquiries from regulatory agencies, government officials and others outside of the Firm (as described below), since their questions may relate to matters beyond our ordinary business or concern serious issues. You must follow the procedures described below (which require the CCO’s or COO’s immediate notification) if you receive these inquiries.

    3.6.1      Inquiries from Regulatory Agencies
      l      All inquiries, written or oral, for information by governmental or self-
      
  • authorities, including but not limited to representatives of the SEC,
      
  • CFTC, the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Labor, and
      
  • states, must be reported immediately to the CCO or COO.
      
  • In the case of telephone inquiries, you must obtain the name, agency, address, and telephone number of the representative making the inquiry.
    3.6.2      Litigation Relating to the Firm or Your Employment with Us
      l      Only authorized employees may accept legal process on our behalf.
      
  • If an attempt is made to serve you with a legal process intended for the Firm, you must refuse it and immediately notify the CCO or COO.
      
  • If you are served with a subpoena that relates to your employment with us or directly to us, clients, or other employees, you must notify the CCO or COO. See also the section relating to Breaches of Our Policies and Procedures/Legal Violations below for further guidance regarding our procedures.

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    3.6.3      Other Contacts
      l      Periodically, attorneys, accountants, broker/dealers, other investment advisers,
      
  • agencies and others may request information about our operations,
      
  • or employees.
      
  • Any request for information that is not generally released by us in the ordinary course of business must be referred immediately to the CCO or COO.

    3.7 Oral and Written Business-Related Communications with the Press and the Public

         We have adopted procedures that apply to all communications that are business-related, including speeches, interviews and articles you write. These procedures are included in our Media Guidelines (attached as Appendix 3-B). Specific guidance is provided with respect to discussions about portfolio holdings and general conduct in a Question and Answer Format. While these procedures apply to all employees, they are particularly important for our investment-related professionals (e.g., portfolio managers) who are more likely to come in contact with the press and others outside of the Firm.

         We have also adopted procedures regarding the public dissemination of portfolio holdings (attached as Appendix3-C).

    3.7.1 Breaches of Our Policies and Procedures/Legal Violations

         Protecting our reputation is everyone’s job. You have an obligation to question any action or proposed action that may violate our Code of Conduct or other policies and procedures. You must report any known or suspected violation of our policies and procedures or any other action or proposed action that could adversely affect your fellow employees, our clients or vendors or the integrity of the Firm. The normal process for such reporting is to your immediate Supervisor and to the CCO or COO. Any retaliation against any employee who reports a suspected violation of the Code is prohibited and constitutes a further violation of the firm’s Code of Conduct. Employees may also submit any suspected violations of the Code anonymously.

         If you commit a breach of our policies and procedures or otherwise violate the law, you may be subject to sanctions as described below.

    • Notifying the CCO or COO: You must notify the CCO or COO immediately if you become aware that the Firm or other employees have violated any securities law or regulation, this Code of Conduct or our other policies and procedures, since the Firm may be required to notify the appropriate regulatory authorities.
    • Sanctions:
      Internal
      We must take appropriate disciplinary actions against you for violating the policies and procedures contained in this Manual as well as in the event of other legal violations. Penalties are imposed in light of the circumstances of each case after taking into account, for example, the severity of the

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    violation and whether the violation is a first time or repeated offense. The penalties we may impose include a:

    l      Warning;
    l      Reprimand;
    l      Suspension of activities (e.g., your ability to trade for personal accounts);
    l      Monetary fine, including a reduction in bonuses;
    l      Suspension or termination of employment;
    l      Reporting the offense to the appropriate government authorities; or
    l      A combination of the foregoing.

    External

    Government authorities and regulatory bodies, such as the SEC and FINRA, may impose penalties for violations of securities laws. These penalties may include:

    • Formal censure;
    • Monetary fines;
    • Disgorgement of profits;
    • Suspension from securities-related activities;
    • Disbarment from the securities industry;
    • Imprisonment; or
    • A combination of the foregoing.

    3.8 Affiliates

         The COO maintains a list of owners and affiliates of H&W. On an annual basis, the COO updates the affiliates list with Stephens Group Inc., minority shareholder of H&W, and distributes the affiliates list to the Compliance Department.

         The Compliance Department obtains a list of securities underwritings for which Stephens Inc., a broker-dealer wholly-owned by Stephens Group Inc., is participating in to review for any prohibited affiliated transactions.

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    EX-99.P CODE ETH 5 pzenacodeofethicsdec2015.htm PZENA COE pzenacodeofethicsdec2015.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

    PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.

    PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

    CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS

    (Revised August 2015)


     

    Dear Colleagues/Associates:

         The good name and reputation of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and their subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") are a result of the dedication and hard work of all of us. Together, we are responsible for preserving and enhancing this reputation, a task that is fundamental to our continued well-being. Our goal is not just to comply with the laws and regulations that apply to our business; we also strive to abide by the highest standards of business conduct.

         Set forth in the succeeding pages is the Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics ("the Code"). The purpose of the Code is to reinforce and enhance the Company's ethical way of doing business and, in particular, to provide regulations and procedures consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The contents of the Code are not new, however. The policies set forth here are part of the Company's long-standing tradition of ethical business standards.

         All employees, officers and directors are expected to comply with the policies set forth in the Code. Read the Code carefully and make sure that you understand it, the consequences of non-compliance, and the Code’s importance to the success of the Company. If you have any questions, speak to the Chief Compliance Officer or any of the alternate Compliance Officers identified in the Code.

         The Code should be viewed as the minimum requirements for conduct. The Code cannot and is not intended to cover every applicable law or provide answers to all questions that might arise; for that we must ultimately rely on each person's good sense of what is right, including a sense of when it is proper to seek guidance from others on the appropriate course of conduct. When in doubt about the advisability or propriety of a particular practice or matter, please confer with the Legal and Compliance group.

         We at the Company are committed to providing the best and most competitive services to our clients. Adherence to the policies set forth in the Code will help us achieve that goal.

    Sincerely,

    Richard S. Pzena


     

    Table of Contents
      Page
     
    PUTTING THIS CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS TO WORK 1
    About this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 1
    Purpose 1
    Employee Provisions 2
    Implementation 2
    Definitions 4
    RESPONSIBILITY TO OUR ORGANIZATION 5
    Conflicts of Interest 5
    Prohibited Transactions with Respect to Non-Company Securities* 6
    Employee Trading Exceptions with Respect to Non-Company Securities* 7
    Exempt Transactions 8
    Pre-Clearance Requirement 9
    Reporting Requirements 9
    Company Disclosures 11
    Review 11
    Reporting Violations 12
    Background Checks 12
    Sanctions 12
    Required Records 12
    Record Retention 13
    Waivers of this Code 13
    Corporate Opportunities 14
    Protection and Proper Use of Company Assets 14
    Client Information 14
    Portfolio Company Information 14
    Company Information 14
    INSIDER TRADING 15
    FAIR DEALING 15
    Antitrust Laws 15
    Conspiracies and Collaborations Among Competitors 15
    Distribution Issues 16
    Penalties 17
    Gathering Information About the Company's Competitors 18
    RESPONSIBILITY TO OUR PEOPLE 18
    Equal Employment Opportunity 18
    Non-Discrimination Policy 18
    Anti-Harassment Policy 18
    Individuals and Conduct Covered 19
    Retaliation 19
    Reporting an Incident of Harassment, Discrimination or Retaliation 19
    LEAVE POLICIES 19
    Bereavement Leave 19
    Jury Duty 20
    Family and Medical Leave Act 20

     

    i


     

    Disability 20
    Maternity Leave Program 20
    Parenting Leave 20
    Coordination with FMLA Leave 20
    Coordination with Vacation 21
    Approval 21
    Job Security 21
    Safety in the Workplace 21
    Weapons and Workplace Violence 21
    Drugs and Alcohol 21
    INTERACTING WITH GOVERNMENT 22
    Prohibition on Gifts to Government Officials and Employees 22
    Political Contributions and Activities 22
    Lobbying Activities 22
    Bribery of Foreign Officials 22
    Amendments and Modifications. 23
    Form ADV Disclosure. 23
    Employee Certification. 23

     

    ii


     

    PUTTING THIS CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS TO WORK

    About this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

    We at the Company are committed to the highest standards of business conduct in our relationships with each other and with our clients, suppliers, shareholders and others. This requires that we conduct our business in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with the highest standards of business conduct. The Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (this "Code") helps each of us in this endeavor by providing a statement of the fundamental principles and key policies and procedures that govern the conduct of our business. Furthermore, this Code sets out procedures for compliance by the Company, a registered investment adviser to separately managed advisory accounts including registered investment companies (the "Funds") as well as unregistered funds and other private accounts, with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, Rule 204A-1 and Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (hereinafter, the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 shall collectively be referred to as the "1940 Acts" and Rule 17j-1, Rule 204A-1 and Rule 204-2 shall be collectively referred to as the "Rules"). This Code is designed to establish standards and procedures for the detection and prevention of activities by which persons having knowledge of the investments and investment intentions of the Company's advisory accounts may breach their fiduciary duties, and to avoid and regulate situations that may give rise to conflicts of interest that the Rules address.

    This Code is based on the principle that the Company owes a fiduciary duty to clients, to ensure that its employees conduct their Personal Security Transactions (as defined below) in a manner that does not interfere with clients’ transactions or otherwise take unfair advantage of the Company’s relationship to its clients. The fiduciary principles that govern personal investment activities reflect, at a minimum, the following: (1) the duty at all times to place the interests of the client first; (2) the requirement that all Personal Security Transactions be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual's position of trust and responsibility; (3) the fundamental standard that investment personnel should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions; and (4) the requirement that investment personnel comply with applicable Federal securities laws. Our business depends on the reputation of all of us for integrity and principled business conduct. Thus, in many instances, the policies referenced in this Code go beyond the requirements of the law.

    Honesty and integrity are required of the Company and its employees, officers and directors at all times. The standards herein should be viewed as the minimum requirements for conduct. All employees, officers and directors of the Company are encouraged and expected to go above and beyond the standards outlined in this Code in order to provide clients with top level service while adhering to the highest ethical standards.

    This Code is a statement of policies for individual and business conduct and does not, in any way, constitute an employment contract or an assurance of continued employment. Employees of the Company are employed at-will, except when covered by an express, written employment agreement. This means that employees may choose to resign their employment at any time, for any reason or for no reason at all. Similarly, the Company may choose to terminate employees’ employment at any time, for any legal reason or for no reason at all, but not for an unlawful reason.

    Purpose

    The purpose of this Code is to reinforce and enhance the Company's ethical way of doing business and, in particular, to provide regulations and procedures consistent with the 1940 Acts and the Rules. As required by Rule 204A-1, this Code sets forth standards of conduct, requires compliance with the Federal securities laws and addresses personal trading. In addition, this Code is designed to give effect to the general prohibitions set forth in Rule 17j-1(b), to wit:

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    "It is unlawful for any affiliated person of or principal underwriter for a Fund, or any affiliated person of an investment adviser of or principal underwriter for a Fund, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by the person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund:

    (i) To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

    (ii) To make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

    (iii) To engage in any act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

    (iv) To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.”

    Employee Provisions

    All Access Persons are required to file reports of their Personal Security Transactions (as defined below), excluding exempted securities, as provided in the "Pre-Clearance Requirement" and “Reporting Requirements” sections below and, if they wish to trade in the Company’s stock or in the same securities as any of the Company's advisory accounts, must comply with the specific procedures in effect for such transactions.

    The reports of employees will be reviewed and compared with the activities of the Company's advisory accounts and, if a pattern emerges that indicates abusive trading or noncompliance with applicable procedures, the matter will be referred to the Company's Chief Compliance Officer (the "CCO"), who will make appropriate inquiries and decide what action, if any, is then appropriate, including escalation to the Company's management as needed.

    Implementation

    In order to implement this Code, a CCO and one or more alternate Compliance Officers (each, an "Alternate") shall be designated from time to time for the Company. The current CCO is Joan F. Berger and the current Alternates are Steven Coffey, Geoff Bauer, Jacques Pompy, and Bill Zois.

    The duties of the CCO and each Alternate shall include:

    (i)      Continuous maintenance of a current list of Access Persons as defined herein;
    (ii)      Furnishing all employees with a copy of this Code, and initially and periodically informing them of their duties and obligations thereunder;
    (iii)      Training and educating employees regarding this Code and their responsibilities hereunder;
    (iv)      Maintaining, or supervising the maintenance of, all records required by this Code;
    (v)      Maintaining a list of the Funds that the Company advises or subadvises;
    (vi)      Determining with the assistance of an Approving Officer (as defined below) whether any particular Personal Security Transaction should be exempted pursuant to the provisions of the sections titled "Conflicts of Interest" or "Prohibited Transactions" of this Code;

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    (vii)      Determining with the assistance of an Approving Officer whether special
      circumstances      warrant that any particular security or Personal Security
      Transaction      be temporarily or permanently restricted or prohibited;
    (viii)      Maintaining, from time to time as appropriate, a current list of the securities that
      are      restricted or prohibited pursuant to (vii) above;
    (ix)      Issuing any interpretation of this Code that may appear consistent with the
      objectives      of the Rules and this Code;
    (x)      Conducting such inspections or investigations as shall reasonably be required to
      detect      and report violations of this Code, as described in paragraphs (xi) and (xii)
      below,      to the Company's management and the Board of Directors of Pzena
      Investment      Management, Inc. (the "Board");
    (xi)      Submitting periodic reports to the Company's management containing: (A) a
      description      of any material violation by any non-executive employee of the
      Company      and the sanction imposed; (B) a description of any violation by any
      director      or executive officer of the Company and the sanction imposed; (C)
      interpretations      issued by and any material exemptions or waivers found
      appropriate      by the CCO; and (D) any other significant information concerning
      the      appropriateness of this Code; and
    (xii)      Submitting a report at least annually to the Board and the Executive Committee
      of      Pzena Investment Management, LLC (the "Executive Committee") that:
      (A)      summarizes existing procedures concerning personal investing and any
      changes      in the procedures made during the past year; (B) identifies the violations
      described      in clauses (A) and (B) of the preceding paragraph (xi); (C) identifies
      any      recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based upon
      experience      under this Code, evolving industry practices or developments in
      applicable      laws or regulations; and (D) reports of efforts made with respect to the
      implementation      of this Code through orientation and training programs and
      ongoing      reminders.

    Each of us is responsible for knowing and understanding the policies and guidelines contained in the following pages. If persons have questions, please ask them; if they have ethical concerns, please raise them. The CCO, who is responsible for overseeing and monitoring compliance with this Code, and the other resources set forth in this Code are available to answer questions and provide guidance and for persons to report suspected misconduct. Our conduct should reflect the Company's values, demonstrate ethical leadership, and promote a work environment that upholds the Company's reputation for integrity, ethical conduct and trust.

    Copies of this Code are available from the CCO, the General Counsel and on the Company's website. A statement of compliance with this Code must be signed by all officers, directors and employees on an annual basis.

    This Code cannot provide definitive answers to all questions. If employees have questions regarding any of the policies discussed in this Code or if employees are in doubt about the best course of action in a particular situation, employees should seek guidance from a supervisor, the CCO or the other resources identified in this Code.

    This Code is a statement of the fundamental principles and key policies and procedures that govern the conduct of the Company's business. It is not intended to and does not create any obligations to or rights in any employee, director, client, supplier, competitor, shareholder or any other person or entity.

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    Definitions

    For purposes of this Code:

    (i)      "Access Person(s)" means any employee, officer, or director (provided that

    directors may rebut the presumption of access established under Rule 17j-1(a)(1) by way of certification) of the Company. Contractors, interns, and other temporary staff are not generally included; however, we seek separate confidentiality representations from such persons.

    (ii)      "Approving Officer" means Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, Michael Peterson, or designee.
    (iii)      A security is "being considered for purchase or sale" when, subject to the Company's systematic buy/sell discipline as described in its Form ADV and client and prospect presentations, (i) a recommendation to purchase or sell that security has been made by the Company to an advisory account (e.g., the Portfolio Manager has instructed Portfolio Administration to begin preparing orders) or (ii) the Portfolio Manager is seriously considering making such a recommendation.
    (iv)      "Beneficial Ownership" means any interest by which an employee or officer or any member of such person's “immediate family” (which, for purposes of this Code includes a spouse or civil partner (wherever they may live), dependent child or stepchild (wherever they may live), or parent, sibling or other relative by blood or marriage living in the same household as the employee) can directly or

    indirectly derive a monetary benefit from the purchase, sale or ownership of a Security. Thus, a person may be deemed to have Beneficial Ownership of Securities held in accounts in such person's own name, such person's spouse’s name, and in all other accounts over which such person does or could be presumed to exercise investment decision-making powers, or other influence or control1, including trust accounts, partnership accounts, corporate accounts or other joint ownership or pooling arrangements; provided however, that with respect to spouses, a person shall no longer be deemed to have Beneficial Ownership of any accounts not held jointly with his or her spouse if the person and the spouse are legally separated or divorced and are not living in the same household.

    (v) "Exempt Transactions" means the transactions described in the section hereof titled "Exempt Transactions."

    (vi) "Personal Security Transaction" means, for any employee or officer, a purchase, sale, gifting or donation of a Security in which such person has, had, or will acquire a Beneficial Ownership.

    1 In accordance with foreign regulations, this would include, without limitation, any Security with which the Access Person is linked as a result of: (i) directly or indirectly controlling the Security (in particular, but without limitation, by way of (i) having a majority of the voting rights in that Security; or (ii) by being a shareholder in that Security and having rights to appoint or remove a majority of the relevant Board, or to exercise a dominant influence over it under a shareholders’ agreement); or (ii) having a participating interest in the Security, by holding, directly or indirectly, at least 20% or more of the voting rights or capital.

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    (vii) "Purchase and Sale of a Security" includes, inter alia, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Security. In addition, the "sale of a Security" also includes the disposition by a person of that security by donation or gift. On the other hand, the acquisition by a person of a security by inheritance or gift is not treated as a "purchase" of that Security under this Code as it is an involuntary purchase that is an Exempt Transaction under clause (iii) of the section titled "Exempt Transactions" below.

    (viii) "Security" shall mean any common stock, preferred stock, treasury stock, single stock future, exchange traded fund or note, hedge fund, mutual fund, private

    placement, limited partnership interest, note, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, transferable share, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a Security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any Security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group of Securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "Security," or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.

    RESPONSIBILITY TO OUR ORGANIZATION

    Company employees, officers and directors are expected to dedicate their best efforts to advancing the Company's interests and to make decisions that affect the Company based on the Company's best interests, independent of outside influences.

    Conflicts of Interest

    A conflict of interest occurs when employees’ private interests interfere, or even appear to interfere, with the interests of the Company. A conflict situation may arise when employees take actions or have interests that make it difficult for employees to perform Company work objectively and effectively. Each employee’s obligation to conduct the Company's business in an honest and ethical manner includes the ethical handling of actual, apparent and potential conflicts of interest between personal and business relationships. This includes full disclosure of any actual, apparent or potential conflicts of interest as set forth below.

    As a fiduciary, the Company has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interest of its clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by avoiding conflicts of interest or, when impracticable to do so, by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any client and following appropriate procedures designed to minimize any such conflict. Employees must try to avoid situations that have even the appearance of conflict or impropriety. Potential conflicts of interest should be brought to the attention of the CCO, who will determine whether further action is warranted (e.g., escalating such issues to the Risk Management Committee and/or Executive Committee, and/or recommending policy changes or additional disclosure).

    (i)      Conflicts of interest may arise where the Company or its employees have reason to favor the interests of one client over another client. Favoritism of one client over another client constitutes a breach of fiduciary duty.
    (ii)      Employees are prohibited from using knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally, directly or indirectly, as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling

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      such securities. Conflicts raised by Personal Security Transactions also are addressed more specifically below.
    (iii)      If the Company determines that an employee’s Beneficial Ownership of a Security presents a material conflict, the employee may be restricted from participating in any decision-making process regarding the Security. This may be particularly true in the case of proxy voting, and employees are expected to refer to and strictly adhere to the Company’s proxy voting policies and procedures in this regard.
    (iv)      Employees are required to act in the best interests of the Company’s clients regarding execution and other costs paid by clients for brokerage services.
      Employees are expected to refer to and strictly adhere to the Company’s Best Execution policies and procedures.
    (v)      Access Persons are not permitted to knowingly sell to or purchase from a client any security or other property, except Securities issued by the client.

    Employees, officers and directors are prohibited from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, nonpublic information. The Company’s Insider Trading Policy is hereby incorporated by reference and employees, officers and directors are required to comply with the provisions therein.

    Prohibited Transactions with Respect to Non-Company Securities*

    (i)      No Access Person or any member of such Access Person's immediate family may enter into a Personal Security Transaction with actual knowledge that, at the same time, such Security is "being considered for purchase or sale" by advisory accounts of the Company, or that such Security is the subject of an outstanding purchase or sale order by advisory accounts of the Company except as provided below in the section titled "Employee Trading Exceptions with Respect to Non- Company Securities";
    (ii)      Except under the circumstances described in the section below titled "Employee Trading Exceptions with Respect to Non-Company Securities," no Access Person or any member of such Access Person's immediate family shall purchase or sell any Security within one business day before or after the purchase or sale of that Security by advisory accounts of the Company;
    (iii)      No Access Person or any member of such Access Person’s immediate family shall be permitted to effect a short-term trade (i.e., to purchase and subsequently sell within 60 calendar days, or to sell and subsequently purchase within 60 calendar days) involving the same or equivalent Securities;
    (iv)      No Access Person or any member of such Access Person’s immediate family is permitted to enter into a Personal Security Transaction for any Security that is named on a restricted list;
    (v)      No Access Person or any member of such Access Person's immediate family shall purchase any Security in an Initial Public Offering (other than a Security issued by the Company);
    (vi)      No Access Person or any member of such Access Person’s immediate family shall, without the express prior approval of the CCO, acquire any Security in a private placement, and if a private placement Security is acquired, such employee must disclose that investment when he/she becomes aware of the Company's

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      subsequent      consideration of any investment in that issuer, and in such
      circumstances,      an independent review shall be conducted by the CCO;
    (vii)      No Access Person shall accept any gifts or anything else of more than a de
      minimis      value from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of
      the      Company or any of the advisory accounts of the Company. For purposes
      hereof,      "de minimis value" shall mean a value of less than $100 per calendar
      year,      or such higher amount as may be set forth in FINRA Conduct Rule 3220
      from      time to time. Furthermore, all gifts to consultants and other decision-
      makers      for client accounts must be reasonable in value and must be pre-approved
      by      the Managing Principal, Marketing and Client Services and the CCO before
      distribution;     
    (viii)      No Access Person may make political or charitable contributions for the purpose
      of      obtaining or retaining advisory contracts with government entities. In
      addition,      no Access Person may consider the Company's current or anticipated
      business      relationships as a factor in soliciting political or charitable contributions;
      and     
    (ix)      No director or executive officer of the Company may serve on the board of
      directors      (or similar governing body) of any corporation or business entity
      without      the prior written approval of the Company's management. Non-
      executive      employees of the Company may only serve on the board of directors
      (or      similar governing body) of a corporation or business entity with the prior
      written      approval of the CCO, in consultation with the Company's management,
      and      if necessary the Board. Prior written approval of the CCO is also required in
      the      following two (2) additional scenarios:
      (1)      Advisory Committee positions of any business, government or charitable entity where the members of the committee have the ability or authority to affect or influence the selection of investment managers or the selection of the investment of the entity's operating, endowment, pension or other funds.
      (2)      Positions on the board of directors, trustees or any advisory committee of a Company client or any potential client who is actively considering engaging the Company’s investment advisory services.
    (x)      Access Persons, subject to prior written supervisory approval and departmental
      restrictions,      are permitted to engage in outside employment or other business

    activity (“Outside Business Activity”) if it is free of any actions that could be considered a conflict of interest. Outside Business Activity must not adversely affect an Access Person's job performance at the Company, and must not result in absenteeism, tardiness or an Access Person's inability to work overtime when requested or required. Access Persons may not engage in Outside Business Activity that requires or involves using Company time, materials or resources.

    *For any transactions by employees, directors and certain related persons in the Company’s Securities, please refer to the separate policy titled "Restrictions on Transactions in the Company’s Securities."

    Employee Trading Exceptions with Respect to Non-Company Securities*

    Notwithstanding the prohibitions of the above section titled "Conflicts of Interest," an employee is permitted to purchase or sell any Security other than the Company's Securities within one business day of the purchase or sale of that Security by advisory accounts of the Company if the purchase or sale of the

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    Security is approved or allocated only after the Company's advisory accounts have each received their full allocation of the Security purchased or sold on that day.

    *For any transactions by employees, directors and certain related persons in the Company’s Securities, please refer to the separate policy titled "Restrictions on Transactions in the Company’s Securities."

    Exempt Transactions

    The following transactions are exempt from the pre-clearance, prohibitions, and reporting provisions of this Code:

    (i)      Purchases or sales of Securities of an open-end mutual fund, index fund, money market fund or other registered investment company that is not advised or subadvised by the Company;
    (ii)      Purchases or sales of Securities for an account over which an employee has no direct control and does not exercise indirect control (e.g., an account managed on a fully discretionary basis by a third party);
    (iii)      Involuntary purchases or sales made by an employee;
    (iv)      Purchases that are part of an automatic dividend reinvestment plan;
    (v)      Purchases that are part of an automatic investment plan, except that any transactions that override the preset schedule of allocations of the automatic investment plan must be reported in a quarterly transaction report;
    (vi)      Purchases or sales of U.S. Treasury Securities (including purchases directly from the Treasury or a Federal Reserve Bank) and other direct obligations of the U.S.
      Government, as well as unsecured obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises;
    (vii)      Purchases or sales of money market instruments, such as bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments;
    (viii)      Purchases or sales of units in a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in unaffiliated mutual funds;
    (ix)      Purchases resulting from the exercise of rights acquired from an issuer as part of a pro rata distribution to all holders of a class of securities of such issuer and the sale of such rights.
    (x)      Purchases or sales of futures (except individual stock futures contracts) and commodity contracts; and

    The following transactions are exempt from the pre-clearance and prohibitions provisions of this Code; however the reporting requirements of this Code shall apply to:

    (i)      Purchases or sales of open-end mutual funds advised or subadvised by the Company;
    (ii)      Purchases or sales of closed-end mutual funds, exchange traded funds or notes (ETF/ETN);
    (iii)      Purchases or sales of municipal securities.

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    Pre-Clearance Requirement

    (i)      Unless an exception is granted by the CCO after consultation with and approval by the Company's management, each Access Person and each member of their

    immediate family must obtain pre-clearance of any Personal Security Transaction from an Approving Officer. Pre-clearance must be obtained by completing, signing and submitting to the CCO a Securities Transaction Pre-clearance Request Form (a copy of which is attached to this Code) that includes the signature of an Approving Officer (and the relevant portfolio manager, if applicable);

    (ii)      All pre-cleared Personal Security Transactions, with the exception of private placements, must take place on the same day that the clearance is obtained. If the

    transaction is not completed on the date of clearance, a new clearance must be obtained, including one for any uncompleted portion. Post-approval is not permitted under this Code. If it is determined that a trade was completed before approval was obtained, it will be considered a violation of this Code; and

    (iii) In addition to the restrictions contained in the "Conflicts of Interest" section hereof, an Approving Officer or the CCO may refuse to grant clearance of a Personal Security Transaction in his or her sole discretion without being required to specify any reason for the refusal. Generally, an Approving Officer or the CCO will consider the following factors in determining whether or not to clear a proposed transaction:

    (1) whether the amount or the nature of the transaction or person making it is likely to affect the price or market of the security; and

    (2) whether the individual making the proposed purchase or sale is likely to receive a disproportionate benefit from purchases or sales being made or considered on behalf of any of the advisory clients of the Company.

    The pre-clearance requirement does not apply to Exempt Transactions. In case of doubt, the employee may present a Securities Transaction Pre-clearance Request Form to the CCO, indicating thereon that he or she disclaims any Beneficial Ownership in the securities included.

    Reporting Requirements

    (i)      No later than 10 days after becoming an employee, each individual shall provide

    a listing of all securities Beneficially Owned by the employee (an "Initial Holdings Report"). The information in the Initial Holdings Report must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person became an employee. The Initial Holdings Report should be furnished to the CCO, Alternate or any other person whom the Company designates and contain the following information:

    (1)      The title and type of security, and, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the number of shares or the principal amount of each reportable security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person;
    (2)      The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any reportable securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person, the account number; and
    (3)      The date the report is submitted by the Access Person.

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    (ii)      All employees must direct their brokers and/or affiliated mutual fund custodians
      to      supply the CCO on a timely basis with duplicate copies of monthly or
      quarterly      statements for all personal securities accounts as are customarily
      provided      by the firms maintaining such accounts.
    (iii)      Such duplicate statements must contain the following information (as
      applicable):     
      (1)      The date and nature of each transaction (purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition), if any;
      (2)      Title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number (if any), interest rate and maturity date, number of shares and, principal amount of each security and the price at which the transaction was effected;
      (3)      The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and
      (4)      The date of issuance of the duplicate statements.
    (iv)      No later than 30 days after each calendar quarter, all employees covered by this
      Code      shall provide quarterly transaction reports confirming that they have
      disclosed      or reported all Personal Security Transactions and holdings required to
      be      disclosed or reported pursuant hereto for the previous quarter.
    (v)      Within forty-five days of the end of each calendar year, all employees shall
      provide      annual holdings reports listing all securities Beneficially Owned by the
      employee      (the "Annual Holdings Report"). The information contained in the
      Annual      Holdings Report shall be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior
      to      the date the report is submitted, and shall include:
      (1)      The title and type of security, and, as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the number of shares or the principal amount of each security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;
      (2)      The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person, the account number; and
      (3)      The date the report is submitted by the Access Person.
    (vi)      Any statement or report submitted in accordance with this section may, at the
      request      of the employee submitting the report, contain a statement that it is not to
      be      construed as an admission that the person making it has or had any direct or
      indirect      Beneficial Ownership in any Security to which the report relates.
    (vii)      All employees shall certify in writing, annually, that they have read and
      understand      this Code and have complied with the requirements hereof and that
      they      have disclosed or reported all Personal Security Transactions and holdings
      required      to be disclosed or reported pursuant hereto.

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    (viii) The CCO shall retain a separate file for each employee that shall contain the monthly/quarterly account statements, quarterly and annual reports listed above and all Securities Transaction Pre-clearance Forms.

    (ix) With respect to the receipt of gifts and entertainment, all employees shall promptly report on a form designated by the CCO the nature of such gift or entertainment, the date received, its approximate value, the giver and the giver's relationship to the Company.

    (x) With respect to reports regarding accounting matters, the Company is committed to compliance with applicable securities laws, rules, and regulations, accounting standards and internal accounting controls. Employees are expected to report any complaints or concerns regarding accounting, internal accounting controls and auditing matters ("Accounting Matters") promptly. Reports may be made to the General Counsel or the CCO in person, or by calling the Helpline at 1-888-475-8376. Reports may be made anonymously to the Helpline; or in writing to the General Counsel or the CCO at their offices by inter-office or regular mail. All reports will be treated confidentially to the extent reasonably possible. No one will be subject to retaliation because of a good faith report of a complaint or concern regarding Accounting Matters.

    Company Disclosures

    It is Company policy to make full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in all reports and documents that the Company files with, or submits to, the SEC and in all other public communications made by the Company.

    Employees must complete all Company documents accurately, truthfully, and in a timely manner, including all travel and expense reports. When applicable, documents must be properly authorized. Employees must record the Company's financial activities in compliance with all applicable laws and accounting practices. The making of false or misleading entries, records or documentation is strictly prohibited. Employees must never create a false or misleading report or make a payment or establish an account on behalf of the Company with the understanding that any part of the payment or account is to be used for a purpose other than as described by the supporting documents.

    Review

    All pre-clearance requests, statements and reports of Personal Security Transactions and completed portfolio transactions of each of the Company’s advisory clients shall be compared by or under the supervision of the CCO to determine whether a possible violation of this Code and/or other applicable trading procedures may have occurred. Before making any final determination that a violation has been committed by any person, the CCO shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory information.

    If the CCO or Alternate determines that a material violation of this Code has or may have occurred, he or she shall, following consultation with counsel to the Company if needed, submit a written determination and any additional explanatory material provided by the individual to the Company's management, the Board and the Executive Committee as necessary.

    No person shall review his or her own report. If a Personal Security Transaction of the CCO or the CCO's spouse is under consideration, an Alternate shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the CCO.

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    Reporting Violations

    Any violations of this Code including violations of applicable Federal securities laws, whether actual, known, apparent or suspected, should be reported promptly to the CCO or to any other person the Company may designate (as long as the CCO periodically receives reports of all violations). It is imperative that reporting persons not conduct their own preliminary investigations. Investigations of alleged violations may involve complex legal issues, and an employee acting on his own may compromise the integrity of an investigation and adversely affect both employees and the Company.

    Any reports of violations will be treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law and reasonably possible, and investigated promptly and appropriately. Any such reports may also be submitted anonymously. Employees are encouraged to consult the CCO with respect to any transaction that may violate this Code and to refrain from any action or transaction that might lead to the appearance of a violation. Any retaliation against an individual who reports a violation is prohibited and constitutes a further violation of this Code.

    The Company has a 24-hour Helpline, 1-888-475-8376, which employees can use to report violations of the Company's policies or to seek guidance on those policies. Employees may report suspected violations to or ask questions of the Helpline anonymously; however, providing such employee's name may expedite the time it takes the Company to respond to such employee's call, and it also allows the Company to contact an employee if necessary during any investigation. Either way, the Company should treat the information that employees provide as confidential.

    Background Checks

    Employees are required to promptly report any criminal, regulatory or governmental investigations or convictions to which they become subject. Each employee is required to promptly complete and return any background questionnaires that the Company's Legal and Compliance group may circulate.

    Sanctions

    The Company intends to use every reasonable effort to prevent the occurrence of conduct not in compliance with this Code and to halt any such conduct that may occur as soon as reasonably possible after its discovery. Any violation of this Code shall be subject to the imposition of such sanctions by the CCO as may be deemed appropriate under the circumstances to achieve the purposes of the Rules and this Code, and may include suspension or termination of employment or of trading privileges, the rescission of trades, a written censure, imposition of fines or of restrictions on the number or type of providers of personal accounts; and/or requiring equitable restitution.

    Required Records

    Required Records (as listed in this section) must be kept in an easily accessible place. In addition, no records should be selectively destroyed and all records must be retained if they are connected with any litigation/government investigation. The CCO shall maintain and cause to be maintained in an easily accessible place, the following records:

    (a) A copy of any Code that has been in effect at any time during the past five years;

    (b) A record of any violation of this Code and any action taken as a result of such violation for five years from the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred;

    (c) A copy of each report made by the CCO within two years from the end of the fiscal year of the Company in which such report or interpretation is made or issued (and for an additional three years in a place that need not be easily accessible);

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    (d) A list of the names of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, employees;

    (e) A record of all written acknowledgements of receipt of this Code for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, subject to this Code;

    (f) Holdings and transactions reports made pursuant to this Code, including any brokerage account statements made in lieu of these reports;

    (g) All pre-clearance forms shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval was granted;

    (h) A record of any decision approving the acquisition of securities by employees in limited offerings for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which approval was granted;

    (i) Any exceptions reports prepared by Approving Officers or the Compliance Officer;

    (j) A record of persons responsible for reviewing employees' reports currently or during the last five years; and

    (k) A copy of reports provided to a Fund's board of directors regarding this Code.

    For the first two years, the required records shall be maintained in the Company's New York offices.

    Record Retention

    In the course of its business, the Company produces and receives large numbers of records. Numerous laws require the retention of certain Company records for various periods of time. The Company is committed to compliance with all applicable laws and regulations relating to the preservation of records. The Company's policy is to identify, maintain, safeguard and destroy or retain all records in the Company's possession on a systematic and regular basis. Under no circumstances are Company records to be destroyed selectively or to be maintained outside Company premises or designated storage facilities, except in those instances where Company records may be temporarily brought home by employees working from home in accordance with approvals from their supervisors or applicable policies about working from home or other remote locations.

    If employees learn of a subpoena or a pending or contemplated litigation or government investigation, employees should immediately contact the General Counsel. Employees must retain and preserve ALL records that may be responsive to the subpoena or relevant to the litigation or that may pertain to the investigation until employees are advised by the Legal and Compliance group as to how to proceed. Employees must also affirmatively preserve from destruction all relevant records that without intervention would automatically be destroyed or erased (such as e-mails and voicemail messages). Destruction of such records, even if inadvertent, could seriously prejudice the Company. If employees have any questions regarding whether a particular record pertains to a pending or contemplated investigation or litigation or may be responsive to a subpoena or regarding how to preserve particular types of records, employees should preserve the records in question and ask the Legal and Compliance group for advice.

    Waivers of this Code

    Waivers for directors and executive officers may be made by either the Board or the Audit Committee of the Board and must be promptly disclosed as required by law. Waivers for non-executive officers and employees may be made by the CCO.

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    Corporate Opportunities

    Employees and directors owe a duty to the Company to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises. If employees learn of a business or investment opportunity through the use of corporate property or information or an employee's position at the Company, such as from a competitor or actual or potential client, supplier or business associate of the Company, employees may not participate in the opportunity or make the investment without the prior written approval of the CCO. Directors must obtain the prior approval of the Board. Such an opportunity should be considered an investment opportunity for the Company in the first instance. Employees may not use corporate property or information or an employee's position at the Company for improper personal gain, and employees may not compete with the Company.

    Protection and Proper Use of Company Assets

    We each have a duty to protect the Company's assets and ensure their efficient use. Theft, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on the Company's profitability. We should take measures to prevent damage to and theft or misuse of Company property. When employees leave the Company, all Company property must be returned to the Company. Except as specifically authorized, Company assets, including Company time, equipment, materials, resources and proprietary information, must be used for business purposes only.

    Client Information

    Current Federal regulations are designed to protect the privacy of customers of financial institutions and financial services providers. In this regard, the Company has adopted privacy policies (the "Privacy Policies") by which each employee of the Company must agree to abide. The CCO will ensure that each employee of the Company acknowledges their adherence to the Privacy Policies. A copy of the Privacy Policies is found in the Company’s Compliance Manual. The Company will keep a copy of the Privacy Policies and will make them available upon request.

    Portfolio Company Information

    Certain limitations on trading and other activities may result from employees of the Company receiving access to material, nonpublic information regarding the plans, earnings, operations or financial condition of issuers ("Portfolio Companies"). If, in employee conversations, meetings or written communications with Portfolio Company management, employees are told (or have reason to believe) that the information employees have received is not public, employees should notify the CCO immediately. If employees are forewarned that the information employees are about to receive is confidential/not public, employees should ask the person not to disclose the information to employees until employees have a chance to check with the Legal and Compliance group. The Company’s Insider Trading Policy more fully discusses material, nonpublic information.

    Company Information

    Unless employees are doing so in connection with Company duties and responsibilities, employees should not discuss specific details about the Company’s business with unauthorized persons, including family members. Even when representing the Company, employees need to be careful about disclosing certain information. Engaging in discussions with outside parties (who are not custodians and brokers or dealers implementing such strategies and transactions for us) about specific strategies or transactions in Portfolio Companies that the Company is or is considering implementing for clients may present a conflict of interest for the Company and may even subject the recipient of such information to this Code (including its personal trading policies). It is very important to remember this when having discussions with personal friends, social acquaintances and former business associates or colleagues who are active investment management professionals (e.g., hedge fund managers, other investment advisers). It is equally important to remember this when employees are discussing the Company’s business or clients

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    with colleagues in public places (e.g., elevators, lunch lines). Employees should be particularly careful not to use actual company or client names in any public settings.

    Information that is proprietary to the Company should not be shared with others. With regard to what might constitute material that is proprietary and/or should not be shared, employees may use a simple guideline that if we paid for it or if we created it, it is likely proprietary and should not be shared. For example, the Company's proprietary stock analysis software should not be shared with others.

    INSIDER TRADING

    Various Federal and state securities laws and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Section 204A) require every investment adviser to establish, maintain and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed, taking into consideration the nature of such adviser's business, to prevent the misuse of material, nonpublic information in violation of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 or other securities laws by the investment adviser or any person associated with the investment adviser.

    The CCO has the primary responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of the Company's Insider Trading Policy, practices, disclosures and recordkeeping. The Company’s Insider Trading Policy is designed to detect and prevent illegal insider trading. The Insider Trading Policy covers: (i) the Company, (ii) all persons controlled by, controlling or under common control with the Company (iii) consultants, subtenants, office occupants or other persons who are deemed to be Access Persons under this Code; and (iv) each and every employee, officer, director, general partner and member of the Company and any person described in clause (ii) (all persons described in this paragraph are referred to collectively as the "Covered Persons"). The Insider Trading Policy extends to activities both within and outside each Covered Person’s relationship with the Company. The CCO will ensure that each employee of the Company acknowledges their adherence to the Insider Trading Policy. The Company will keep a copy of the Insider Trading Policy and will make it available upon request.

    FAIR DEALING

    The Company depends on its reputation for quality, service and integrity. The way we deal with our clients, competitors and suppliers molds our reputation, builds long-term trust and ultimately determines our success. Employees should endeavor to deal fairly with the Company's clients, suppliers, competitors and other employees. We must never take unfair advantage of others through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts or any other unfair dealing practice.

    Antitrust Laws

    While the Company competes vigorously in all of its business activities, its efforts in the marketplace must be conducted in accordance with all applicable antitrust and competition laws. While it is impossible to describe antitrust and competition laws fully in any code of business conduct, this Code gives an overview of the types of conduct that are particularly likely to raise antitrust concerns. If employees are or become engaged in activities similar to those identified in this Code, employees should consult the Legal and Compliance group for further guidance.

    Conspiracies and Collaborations Among Competitors

    One of the primary goals of the antitrust laws is to promote and preserve each competitor's independence when making decisions on price, output, and other competitively sensitive factors. Some of the most serious antitrust offenses are agreements between competitors that limit independent judgment and restrain trade, such as agreements to fix prices, restrict output or control the quality of products, or to divide a market for clients, territories, products or purchases. Employees should not agree with any competitor on any of these topics, as these agreements are virtually always unlawful. (In other words, no excuse will absolve employees or the Company of liability.)

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    Unlawful agreements need not take the form of a written contract or even express commitments or mutual assurances. Courts can -- and do -- infer agreements based on "loose talk," informal discussions, or the mere exchange between competitors of information from which pricing or other collusion could result. Any communication with a competitor's representative, no matter how innocuous it may seem at the time, may later be subject to legal scrutiny and form the basis for accusations of improper or illegal conduct. Employees should take care to avoid involving themselves in situations from which an unlawful agreement could be inferred.

    By bringing competitors together, trade associations and standard-setting organizations may raise antitrust concerns, even though such groups serve many legitimate goals. The exchange of sensitive information with competitors regarding topics such as prices, profit margins, output levels, or billing or advertising practices may potentially violate antitrust and competition laws, as may creating a standard with the purpose and effect of harming competition. Employees must notify the Legal and Compliance group before joining any trade associations or standard-setting organizations. Further, if employees are attending a meeting at which potentially competitively sensitive topics are discussed without oversight by an antitrust lawyer, employees should object, leave the meeting, and notify the Legal and Compliance group immediately.

    Joint ventures with competitors are not illegal under applicable antitrust and competition laws. However, like trade associations, joint ventures present potential antitrust concerns. The Legal and Compliance group should therefore be consulted before negotiating or entering into such a venture.

    Distribution Issues

    Relationships with clients and suppliers may also be subject to a number of antitrust prohibitions if these relationships harm competition. For example, it may be illegal for a company to affect competition by agreeing with a supplier to limit that supplier's sales to any of the Company's competitors. Collective refusals to deal with a competitor, supplier or client may be unlawful as well. While the Company generally is allowed to decide independently that it does not wish to buy from or sell to a particular person, when such a decision is reached jointly with others, it may be unlawful, regardless of whether it seems commercially reasonable.

    Other activities that may raise antitrust concerns are:

    (i) discriminating in terms and services offered to clients, where the Company treats one client or group of clients differently than another;

    (ii) exclusive dealing agreements, where the Company requires a client to buy only from a particular supplier, or the supplier to sell only to the Company or the client;

    (iii) tying arrangements, where a client or supplier is required, as a condition of purchasing or selling one product or service, also to purchase or sell a second, distinct product or service;

    (iv) "bundled discounts," in which discount or rebate programs link the level of discounts available on one product or service to purchases of separate but related products or services; and

    (v) "predatory pricing," where the Company offers a discount that results in the sales price of a product or service being below the product’s or service's cost (the definition of cost varies depending on the court), with the intention of sustaining that price long enough to drive competitors out of the market.

    Because these activities are prohibited under many circumstances, employees should consult the Legal and Compliance group before implementing any of them.

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    Penalties

    Failure to comply with the antitrust laws could result in jail terms for individuals and large criminal fines and other monetary penalties for both the Company and individuals. In addition, private parties may bring civil suits to recover three times their actual damages, plus attorney's fees and court costs.

    The antitrust laws are extremely complex. Because antitrust lawsuits can be very costly (even when a company has not violated the antitrust laws and is cleared in the end), it is important to consult with the Legal and Compliance group before engaging in any conduct that even appears to create the basis for an allegation of wrongdoing. It is far easier to structure employee conduct to avoid erroneous impressions than to explain their conduct in the future when an antitrust investigation or action is in progress. For that reason, when in doubt, consult the Legal and Compliance group with any concerns.

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    Gathering Information About the Company's Competitors

    It is entirely proper for us to gather information about our marketplace, including information about our competitors and their products and services. However, there are limits to the ways that information should be acquired and used, especially information about competitors. In gathering competitive information, employees should abide by the following guidelines:

    1. We may gather information about our competitors from sources such as published articles, advertisements, brochures, other non-proprietary materials, surveys by consultants and conversations with our clients, as long as those conversations are not likely to suggest that we are attempting to (a) conspire with our competitors, using the client as a messenger, or (b) gather information in breach of a client's nondisclosure agreement with a competitor or through other wrongful means. Employees should be able to identify the source of any information about competitors.

    2. We must never attempt to acquire a competitor's trade secrets or other proprietary information through unlawful means, such as theft, spying, bribery or breach of a competitor's nondisclosure agreement.

    3. If there is any indication that information that employees obtain was not lawfully received by the party in possession, employees should refuse to accept it. If employees receive any competitive information anonymously or that is marked confidential, employees should not review it and should contact the Legal and Compliance group immediately.

    The improper gathering or use of competitive information could subject employees and the Company to criminal and civil liability. When in doubt as to whether a source of information is proper, employees should contact the Legal and Compliance group.

    RESPONSIBILITY TO OUR PEOPLE

    Equal Employment Opportunity

    It is the policy of the Company to ensure equal employment opportunity without discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, age, sexual orientation, gender, marital status, disability or any other characteristic protected by applicable Federal, state, or local law. Our employment practices and decisions adhere to the principles of non-discrimination and equal employment opportunity. All personnel involved in hiring, promotion, transfers, compensation, benefits, termination and all other terms and conditions of employment are made aware of their responsibilities in support of these corporate goals.

    Non-Discrimination Policy

    The Company is committed to a work environment in which all individuals are treated with respect and dignity. Each employee has the right to work in a professional atmosphere that promotes equal employment opportunities and prohibits discriminatory practices, including harassment. Therefore, the Company expects that all relationships among persons in the office will be free of bias, prejudice and harassment.

    Anti-Harassment Policy

    The Company is committed to maintaining a work environment that is free of discrimination. In keeping with this commitment, we will not tolerate unlawful harassment of our employees by anyone, including any supervisor, co-worker or third party. Harassment consists of unwelcome conduct, whether verbal, physical or visual, that is based on a person’s race, color, national origin, religion, age, sexual orientation,

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    gender, marital status, disability or other protected characteristic, that (1) has the purpose or effect of creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment; (2) has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance; or (3) otherwise adversely affects an individual’s employment opportunities. Harassment will not be tolerated.

    Harassment may include derogatory remarks, epithets, offensive jokes, intimidating or hostile acts, the display of offensive printed, visual or electronic material, or offensive physical actions. Sexual harassment deserves special mention. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other physical, verbal or visual conduct based on sex constitutes harassment when (1) submission to the conduct is required as a term or condition of employment or is the basis for employment action, or (2) the conduct unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive workplace. Sexual harassment may include propositions, innuendo, suggestive comments or unwelcome physical contact.

    Individuals and Conduct Covered

    These policies apply to all applicants and employees, and prohibit harassment, discrimination and retaliation whether engaged in by fellow employees, by a supervisor or manager or by someone not directly connected to the Company (e.g., an outside vendor, consultant or client).

    Conduct prohibited by these policies is unacceptable in the workplace and in any work-related setting outside the workplace, such as during business trips, business meetings and business related social events.

    Retaliation

    The Company prohibits retaliation against any individual who reports discrimination or harassment or participates in an investigation of such reports. Retaliation against an employee for reporting discrimination or harassment or for participating in an investigation of a claim of harassment or discrimination is a serious violation of this policy and, like harassment or discrimination itself, will be subject to disciplinary action.

    Reporting an Incident of Harassment, Discrimination or Retaliation

    The Company strongly urges the timely reporting of all incidents of harassment, discrimination or retaliation regardless of the offender’s identity or position. Individuals should file their complaints with their immediate supervisor, the General Counsel or any member of senior management before the conduct becomes severe or pervasive. Individuals should not feel obligated to file their complaints with their immediate supervisor first before bringing the matter to the attention of one of the other designated representatives identified above. To the fullest extent practicable, the Company will maintain the confidentiality of those involved, consistent with the need to investigate alleged harassment and take appropriate action. Misconduct constituting harassment, discrimination or retaliation will be dealt with promptly and appropriately.

    Employees who have experienced conduct they believe is contrary to this policy have an obligation to take advantage of this complaint procedure.

    LEAVE POLICIES

    Bereavement Leave

    In the unfortunate event of a death in an employee's immediate family, such employee will be able to take five days of bereavement leave with pay. Depending on the circumstances, extended pay or unpaid leave may be permitted, after discussion with such employee's manager. Immediate family for this purpose means an employee's spouse or domestic partner, an employee's parents or stepparents, grandparents, children or stepchildren, siblings, domestic partner’s or spouse’s parents, or domestic partner’s or spouse’s siblings.

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    Jury Duty

    If employees are summoned to serve on a jury, notice will be given to such employee's manager and Human Resources. Employees will earn full base salary while such employee is on jury duty up to ten business days. When practical, on any day that an employee is dismissed early from the proceedings he or she is expected to come into the office. Upon returning from jury duty, employees must submit to Human Resources validated documentation of such employee's time on jury duty.

    Family and Medical Leave Act

    The Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA") provides eligible employees with up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave for certain family and medical reasons during a 12 month period. During this leave, an eligible employee is entitled to group health plan coverage as if the employee had continued to work. At the conclusion of the leave, subject to some exceptions, an employee generally has a right to return to the same or to an equivalent position. Please see Human Resources for a copy of the Company’s FMLA policy.

    Disability

    Regular full-time/part-time employees are eligible for coverage under the short-term disability insurance plan. Short-term disability insurance provides income replacement during a period of temporary disability that lasts for more than a week.

    Under the short-term disability program, benefits are payable for non-work related injuries or illnesses. Benefits normally begin after seven days of disability and generally are payable up to a maximum of 26 weeks. Please see Human Resources for further details regarding short-term disability benefits or please review employee disability rights, which shall be made available by the Company upon request.

    Maternity Leave Program

    Employees who have at least 12 months of service and have worked at least 1,250 hours in the last consecutive 12 months are eligible for maternity leave. The Company offers up to 12 weeks of paid leave in connection with the birth of a child. Maternity leave will not affect employees' participation in the Company’s benefit plans. Applicable benefit deductions will continue to be taken during an employee's leave. The time employees are on paid maternity leave is counted as time worked when calculating accrued vacation and retirement plan benefits. Medical certification may be required prior to maternity leave.

    Parenting Leave

    Employees who have at least 12 months of service and have worked at least 1,250 hours in the last consecutive 12 months are eligible for parenting leave. The Company offers up to 2 weeks of paid leave in connection with the birth of a child for the non-primary caregiver. Parenting leave may be taken in one-week increments or as otherwise approved by an employee's manager. Consistent with other FMLA leaves, employees will be required to use any other paid time available (for example, vacation days) concurrently with any portion of an employee's leave that exceeds the two-week paid leave under the firm’s parenting leave policy. Parenting leave must be taken within 12 months of the birth of the child. The time employees are on paid parenting leave is counted as time worked when calculating accrued vacation and retirement plan benefits.

    Coordination with FMLA Leave

    Both maternity leave and parenting leave run concurrently with any leave under the FMLA to which employees may be entitled.

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    Coordination with Vacation

    Employees may not add vacation onto the end of their twelve-week maternity leave or any leave under the FMLA to which employees may be entitled.

    Approval

    Both the immediate supervisor and Human Resources should be notified of all leave requests in a timely manner. Human Resources will provide any and all required paperwork to be completed and will notify the employee if leave has been approved.

    Any leave requests falling outside of the enumerated policies will be considered on an individual basis.

    Job Security

    At the conclusion of an approved leave, employees ordinarily will return to their previous position unless the position has been eliminated as a result of job reductions or a reorganization of the area. In such a case, the Company will make an attempt to place employees in an equivalent position with equivalent pay, benefits and other employment terms. Employees’ eligibility to be considered for such a position will be evaluated on the same basis as other employees.

    The Company may require that an employee provide initial and periodic documentation of the basis for such employee’s leave. To aid the Company in its planning, the employee is expected to notify the employee's manager and Human Resources immediately. If the employee’s anticipated return to work date changes and it becomes necessary for the employee to take more or less leave than originally anticipated, the employee must provide the Company with reasonable notice (within 2 business days) of the employee’s changed circumstances and new return to work date. If an employee does not return to work following the conclusion of any of the above named leaves, the employee will be considered to have voluntarily resigned. The Company may recover health insurance premiums that the Company has paid on behalf of the employee during any leave except that the Company’s share of such premiums may not be recovered if the employee fails to return to work because of the employee’s or a family member’s serious health condition or because of other circumstances beyond the employee’s control.

    Safety in the Workplace

    The safety and security of employees is of primary importance. Employees are responsible for maintaining our facilities free from recognized hazards and obeying all Company safety rules. Working conditions should be maintained in a clean and orderly state to encourage efficient operations and promote good safety practices.

    Weapons and Workplace Violence

    No employee may bring firearms, explosives, incendiary devices or any other weapons into the workplace or any work-related setting, regardless of whether or not employees are licensed to carry such weapons. Similarly, the Company will not tolerate any level of violence in the workplace or in any work-related setting. Violations of this policy must be referred to an employee's supervisor and the CCO immediately. Threats or assaults that require immediate attention should be reported to the police by calling 911.

    Drugs and Alcohol

    The Company intends to maintain a drug-free work environment. Except at approved Company functions, employees may not use, possess or be under the influence of alcohol on Company premises.

    Employees cannot use, sell, attempt to use or sell, purchase, possess or be under the influence of any illegal drug on Company premises or while performing Company business on or off the premises.

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    INTERACTING WITH GOVERNMENT

    Prohibition on Gifts to Government Officials and Employees

    The various branches and levels of government have different laws restricting gifts, including meals, entertainment, transportation and lodging, which may be provided to government officials and government employees. Employees are prohibited from providing gifts, meals or anything of value to government officials or employees or members of their families without prior written approval from the CCO.

    Political Contributions and Activities

    Laws of certain jurisdictions prohibit the use of Company funds, assets, services, or facilities on behalf of a political party or candidate. Payments of corporate funds to any political party, candidate or campaign may be made only if permitted under applicable law and approved in writing and in advance by the CCO.

    This policy does not prohibit the Company from establishing and maintaining political action committees (“PACs”), such as the Company's PAC, which are permitted under applicable law, nor does this policy prohibit the Company's eligible employees from giving to such PACs. Employee participation in any of these activities is strictly voluntary and employees have the right to refuse to contribute without reprisal.

    Employees' work time may be considered the equivalent of a contribution by the Company. Therefore, employees will not be paid by the Company for any time spent running for public office, serving as an elected official, or campaigning for a political candidate. The Company will not compensate or reimburse employees, in any form, for a political contribution that employees intend to make or have made.

    Lobbying Activities

    Laws of some jurisdictions require registration and reporting by anyone who engages in a lobbying activity. Generally, lobbying includes: (1) communicating with any member or employee of a legislative branch of government for the purpose of influencing legislation; (2) communicating with certain government officials for the purpose of influencing government action; or (3) engaging in research or other activities to support or prepare for such communication.

    So that the Company may comply with lobbying laws, employees must notify the Legal and Compliance group before engaging in any activity on behalf of the Company that might be considered "lobbying" as described above.

    Bribery of Foreign Officials

    Company policy, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA"), and the laws of many other countries prohibit the Company and its officers, employees and agents from giving or offering to give money or anything of value to a foreign official, a foreign political party, a party official or a candidate for political office in order to influence official acts or decisions of that person or entity, to obtain or retain business, or to secure any improper advantage. A foreign official is an officer or employee of a government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of certain international agencies, such as the World Bank or the United Nations, or any person acting in an official capacity on behalf of one of those entities. Officials of government-owned corporations are considered to be foreign officials.

    Payments need not be in cash to be illegal. The FCPA prohibits giving or offering to give "anything of value." Over the years, many non-cash items have been the basis of bribery prosecutions, including travel expenses, golf outings, automobiles, and loans with favorable interest rates or repayment terms. Indirect payments made through agents, contractors, or other third parties are also prohibited. Employees may not avoid liability by "turning a blind eye" when circumstances indicate a potential violation of the FCPA.

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    The FCPA does allow for certain permissible payments to foreign officials. Specifically, the law permits "facilitating" payments, which are payments of small value to effect routine government actions such as obtaining permits, licenses, visas, mail, utilities hook-ups and the like. However, determining what is a permissible "facilitating" payment involves difficult legal judgments. Therefore, employees must obtain permission from the Legal and Compliance group before making any payment or gift thought to be exempt from the FCPA.

    Amendments and Modifications.

    The CCO will periodically review the adequacy of this Code and the effectiveness of its implementation and shall make amendments or modifications as necessary. All material amendments and modifications shall be subject to the final approval of the Company's management, the Board and the Executive Committee as necessary.

    Form ADV Disclosure.

    In connection with making amendments to this Code, the CCO will review and update disclosure relating to this Code set forth in the Company's Form ADV, Part 2A.

    Employee Certification.

    Ultimate responsibility to ensure that we as a Company comply with the many laws, regulations and ethical standards affecting our business rests with each of us. Employees must become familiar with and conduct themselves strictly in compliance with those laws, regulations and standards and the Company's policies and guidelines pertaining to them. By signing the attached acknowledgment form, employees acknowledge that they have received and read the terms of this Code. Employees also certify that they recognize and understand the responsibilities and obligations incurred by them as a result of being subject to this Code and they hereby agree to abide by the terms hereof.

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    EX-99.P CODE ETH 6 coepolicy1115wmc.htm WELLINGTON COE coepolicy1115wmc.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    PERSONAL INVESTING

    GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT

    OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES

    CLIENT CONFIDENTIALITY

    1 January 2015

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    A MESSAGE FROM OUR CEO

    Our business is built on a foundation of trust ---- the trust of our clients, earned over many years. It is our most valuable asset, and if lost, it cannot easily be regained. There are examples across our industry of companies that have lost sight of this lesson, and they serve as strong reminders that our business requires a mindset of eternal vigilance.

    Each and every one of us has a role to play in sustaining our clients’ trust. We must test every decision we make, no matter how small, against our fiduciary obligations and our high ethical standards. If there is the slightest doubt about whether a decision is in the best interests of our clients, then bring it to someone’s attention ---- your manager, the Legal and Compliance team, or any of my direct reports. But don’t just let it go. This is what it means to be a fiduciary: complete dedication to conscientious stewardship of client assets.

    To support this mandate, our Code of Ethics sets out standards for our personal conduct, including personal investing, acceptance of gifts and entertainment, outside activities, and client confidentiality. Please take the time to read the Code, familiarize yourself with the rules, and determine what you need to do to comply with them. Remember, too, that while our Code of Ethics is reviewed and updated regularly, no set of rules can address every possible circumstance. And so I ask you to remain vigilant, exercise good judgment, ask for help when you need it, consider not just the letter but the spirit of the laws that govern our industry, and do your part to safeguard our clients’ trust.

    Sincerely,

    Brendan J. Swords
    President and Chief Executive Officer

    “The reputation of a thousand years may be determined by the conduct of one hour.”

    • Ancient proverb

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT  
    Code of Ethics  
     
     
    Contents  
     
    Standards of conduct 1
    Who is subject to the Code of Ethics? 1
    Personal investing 2
    Which types of investments and related activities  
    are prohibited? 2
    Which investment accounts must be reported? 3
    Accounts not requiring reporting 4
    What are the reporting responsibilities for all personnel? 5
    What are the preclearance responsibilities for all personnel? 6
    Requests for exceptions to preclearance denial,  
    other trading restrictions, and certain reporting requirements 7
    What are the additional personal trading requirements  
    for investment professionals? 8
    Gifts and entertainment 9
    Outside activities 10
    Client confidentiality 10
    How we enforce our Code of Ethics 11
    Closing 11

     

    Before You Get Started: Accessing the Code of Ethics System

    The Code of Ethics System is accessible through the Intranet under Applications or direct access: https://wellmanage.ptaconnect.com/pta/pages/logon.jsp.

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

    Our standards of conduct are straightforward and essential. Any transaction or activity that violates either of the standards of conduct below is prohibited, regardless of whether it meets the technical rules found elsewhere in the Code of Ethics.

    1)      We act as fiduciaries to our clients. Each of us must put our clients’ interests above our own and must not take advantage of our management of clients’ assets for our own benefit. Our firm’s policies and procedures implement these principles with respect to our conduct of the firm’s business. This Code of Ethics implements the same principles with respect to our personal conduct. The procedures set forth in the Code govern specific transactions, but each of us must be mindful at all times that our behavior, including our personal investing activity, must meet our fiduciary obligations to our clients.
    2)      We act with integrity and in accordance with both the letter and the spirit of the law. Our business is highly regulated, and we are committed as a firm to compliance with those regulations. Each of us must also recognize our obligations as individuals to understand and obey the laws that apply to us in the conduct of our duties. They include laws and regulations that apply specifically to investment advisors, as well as more broadly applicable laws ranging from the prohibition against trading on material nonpublic information and other forms of market abuse to anticorruption statutes such as the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption. The firm provides training on their requirements. Each of us must take advantage of these resources to ensure that our own conduct complies with the law.

    WHO IS SUBJECT TO THE CODE OF ETHICS?

    Our Code of Ethics applies to all employees of Wellington Management, and its affiliates around the world. Its restrictions on personal investing also apply to temporary personnel (including co-ops and interns) and consultants whose tenure with Wellington Management exceeds 90 days and who are deemed by our Chief Compliance Officer to have access to nonpublic investment research, client holdings, or trade information.

    All Wellington Management personnel receive a copy of the Code of Ethics (and any amendments) and must certify, upon joining the firm and annually thereafter, that they have read and understood it and have complied with its requirements.

    Adherence to the Code of Ethics is a basic condition of employment. Failure to adhere to our Code of Ethics may result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment.

    If you have any doubt as to the appropriateness of any activity, believe that you have violated the Code, or become aware of a violation of the Code by another individual, you should consult the manager of the Code of Ethics Team, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, or Chair of the Ethics Committee.

    General questions regarding our Code of Ethics may be directed to the Code of Ethics Team via email at #Code of Ethics Team or through the Code of Ethics hotline, 617-790-8330 (x68330).

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    PERSONAL INVESTING

    As fiduciaries, each of us must avoid taking personal advantage of our knowledge of investment activity in client accounts. Although our Code of Ethics sets out a number of specific restrictions on personal investing designed to reflect this principle, no set of rules can anticipate every situation. Each of us must adhere to the spirit, and not just the letter, of our Code in meeting this fiduciary obligation to our clients.

    WHICH TYPES OF INVESTMENTS AND RELATED ACTIVITIES ARE PROHIBITED?

    Our Code of Ethics prohibits the following personal investments and investment-related activities:

  • Purchasing or selling the following:
     
  • Initial public offerings (IPOs) of any securities
     
  • Securities of an issuer being bought or sold on behalf of clients until one trading day after such buying or selling is completed or canceled
     
  • Securities of an issuer that is the subject of a new, changed, or reissued but unchanged action recommendation from a global industry research or fixed income credit analyst until two business days following issuance or reissuance of the recommendation
     
  • Securities of an issuer that is mentioned at the Morning Meeting or the Early Morning Meeting until two business days following the meeting
     
  • Securities that are the subject of a firmwide restriction
     
  • Single-stock futures
     
  • Options with an expiration date that is within 60 calendar days of the transaction date
     
  • HOLDRS (HOLding Company Depositary ReceiptS)
     
  • Securities of broker/dealers (or their affiliates) that the firm has approved for execution of client trades
     
  • Securities of any securities market or exchange on which the firm trades on behalf of clients
  • Purchasing an equity security if your aggregate ownership of the equity security exceeds 0.5% of the total shares
     
  • of the issuer
  • Taking a profit from any trading activity within a 60 calendar day window (see box for more detail)
  • Using a derivative instrument to circumvent a restriction in the Code of Ethics

    Short-Term Trading

    You are prohibited from profiting from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) of the same or equivalent securities within 60 calendar days. For example, if you buy shares of stock (or options on such shares) and then sell those shares within 60 days at a profit, an exception will be identified and any gain from the transactions must be surrendered. Gains are calculated based on a last in, first out (LIFO) method for purposes of this restriction. This short-term trading rule does not apply to securities exempt from the Code’s preclearance requirements.

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    WHICH INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS MUST BE REPORTED?

    You are required to report any investment account over which you exercise investment discretion or from which any of the following individuals enjoy economic benefits: (i) your spouse, domestic partner, or minor children, and (ii) any other dependents living in your household, AND that holds or is capable of holding any of the following covered investments:

    • Shares of stocks, ADRs, or other equity securities (including any security convertible into equity securities)
    • Bonds or notes (other than sovereign government bonds issued by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, or the United States, as well as bankers’ acceptances, CDs, commercial paper, and high-quality, short-term debt instruments)
    • Interest in a variable annuity product in which the underlying assets are held in a subaccount managed by Wellington Management
    • Shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs)
    • Shares of closed-end funds
    • Options on securities
    • Securities futures
    • Interest in private placement securities (other than Wellington Management Sponsored Products)
    • Shares of funds managed by Wellington Management (other than money market funds)

    Please see Appendix A for a detailed summary of reporting requirements by security type.

    Web Resource: Wellington-Managed Fund List

    An up-to-date list of funds managed by Wellington Management is available through the Code of Ethics System under Documents. Please note that any transactions in Wellington-Managed funds must comply with the funds' rules on short-term trading of fund shares.

    For purposes of the Code of Ethics, these investment accounts are referred to as reportable accounts. Examples of common account types include brokerage accounts, retirement accounts, employee stock compensation plans, and transfer agent accounts. Reportable accounts also include those from which you or an immediate family member may benefit indirectly, such as a family trust or family partnership, and accounts in which you have a joint ownership interest, such as a joint brokerage account.

    Please contact the Code of Ethics Team for guidance if you hold any securities in physical certificate form.

    Still Not Sure? Contact Us

    If you are not sure if a particular account is required to be reported, contact the Code of Ethics Team by email at #Code of Ethics Team or through the Code of Ethics hotline, 617-790-8330 (x68330).

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    Accounts Not Requiring Reporting

    You do not need to report the following accounts via the Code of Ethics System since the administrator will provide the Code of Ethics Team with access to relevant holdings and transaction information:

    • Accounts maintained within the Wellington Retirement and Pension Plan or similar firm-sponsored retirement or benefit plans identified by the Ethics Committee
    • Accounts maintained directly with Wellington Trust Company or other Wellington Management Sponsored Products

    Although these accounts do not need to be reported, your investment activities in these accounts must comply with the standards of conduct embodied in our Code of Ethics.

    Managed Account Exemptions

    An account from which you or immediate family members could benefit financially, but over which neither you nor they have any investment discretion or influence (a managed account), may be exempted from the Code of Ethics’ personal investing requirements upon written request and approval. An example of a managed account would be a professionally advised account about which you will not be consulted or have any input on specific transactions placed by the investment manager prior to their execution. To request a managed account exemption, you must complete a Managed Account Letter (available online via the Code of Ethics System) and return it the Code of Ethics Team.

    Web Resource: Managed Account Letter

    To request a managed account exemption, complete the Managed Account Letter available through the Code of Ethics System under Documents.

    7


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    WHAT ARE THE REPORTING RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ALL PERSONNEL?

    Initial and Annual Holdings Reports

    You must disclose all reportable accounts and all covered investments you hold within 10 calendar days after you begin employment at or association with Wellington Management. You will be required to review and update your holdings and securities account information annually thereafter.

    For initial holdings reports, holdings information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date you became covered by the Code of Ethics. Please note that you cannot make personal trades until you have filed an initial holdings report via the Code of Ethics System on the Intranet.

    For subsequent annual reports, holdings information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the report is submitted. Please note that your annual holdings report must account for both volitional and non-volitional transactions.

    At the time you file your initial and annual reports, you will be asked to confirm that you have read and understood the Code of Ethics and any amendments.

    Non-volitional transactions include:

    • Investments made through automatic dividend reinvestment or rebalancing plans and stock purchase plan acquisitions
    • Transactions that result from corporate actions applicable to all similar security holders (such as splits, tender offers, mergers, and stock dividends)

    Duplicate Statements and Trade Confirmations

    For each of your reportable accounts, you are required to provide duplicate statements and duplicate trade confirmations to Wellington Management. To arrange for the delivery of duplicate statements and trade confirmations, please contact the Code of Ethics Team for the appropriate form. Return the completed form to the Code of Ethics Team, which will submit it to the brokerage firm on your behalf. If the brokerage firm or other firm from which you currently receive statements is not able to send statements and confirmations directly to Wellington Management, you will be required to submit copies promptly after you receive them, unless you receive an exemption from this requirement under the procedures outlined on page 9.

    Web Resource: How to File Reports on the Code of Ethics System

    Required reports must be filed electronically via the Code of Ethics System. Please see the Code of Ethics System’s homepage for more details.

    Quarterly Transactions Reports

    You must submit a quarterly transaction report no later than 30 calendar days after quarter-end via the Code of Ethics System on the Intranet, even if you did not make any personal trades during that quarter. In the reports, you must either confirm that you did not make any personal trades (except for those resulting from non-volitional events) or provide information regarding all volitional transactions in covered investments.

    8


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    WHAT ARE THE PRECLEARANCE RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ALL PERSONNEL?

    Preclearance of Publicly Traded Securities

    You must receive clearance before buying or selling stocks, bonds, options, and most other publicly traded securities in any reportable account. A full list of the categories of publicly traded securities requiring preclearance, and of certain exceptions to this requirement, is included in Appendix A. Transactions in accounts that are not reportable accounts do not require preclearance or reporting.

    Preclearance requests must be submitted online via the Code of Ethics System, which is accessible through the Intranet. If clearance is granted, the approval will be effective for a period of 24 hours. If you preclear a transaction and then place a limit order with your broker, that limit order must either be executed or expire at the end of the 24-hour period. If you want to execute the order after the 24-hour period expires, you must resubmit your preclearance request.

    If you have questions regarding the preclearance requirements, please refer to the FAQs available on the Code of Ethics System or contact the Code of Ethics Team.

    Please note that preclearance approval does not alter your responsibility to ensure that each personal securities transaction complies with the general standards of conduct, the reporting requirements, the restrictions on short-term trading, or the special rules for investment professionals set out in our Code of Ethics.

    Web Resource: How to File a Preclearance Request

    Preclearance must be obtained using the Code of Ethics System. Once the necessary information is submitted, your preclearance request will be approved or denied within seconds.

    Caution on Short Sales, Margin Transactions, and Options

    You may engage in short sales and margin transactions and may purchase or sell options provided you receive preclearance and meet all other applicable requirements under our Code of Ethics (including the additional rules for investment professionals described on page 8). Please note, however, that these types of transactions can have unintended consequences. For example, any sale by your broker to cover a margin call or to buy in a short position will be in violation of the Code unless precleared. Likewise, any volitional sale of securities acquired at the expiration of a long call option will be in violation of the Code unless precleared. You are responsible for ensuring any subsequent volitional actions relating to these types of transactions meet the requirements of the Code.

    9


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    Preclearance of Private Placement Securities

    You cannot invest in securities offered to potential investors in a private placement without first obtaining prior approval. Approval may be granted after a review of the facts and circumstances, including whether:

    • an investment in the securities is likely to result in future conflicts with client accounts (e.g., upon a future public offering), and
    • you are being offered the opportunity due to your employment at or association with Wellington Management.

    If you have questions regarding whether an investment would be deemed a private placement security under the Code, please refer to the FAQs about private placements available on the Code of Ethics System, or contact the Code of Ethics Team.

    To request approval, you must submit a Private Placement Approval Form (available online via the Code of Ethics System) to the Code of Ethics Team. Investments in our own privately offered investment vehicles (our Sponsored Products), including collective investment funds and common trust funds maintained by Wellington Trust Company, NA, our hedge funds, and our non-US domiciled funds (Wellington Management Portfolios), have been approved under the Code and therefore do not require the submission of a Private Placement Approval Form.

    Web Resource: Private Placement Approval Form

    To request approval for a private placement, complete the Private Placement Approval Form available through the Code of Ethics System under Documents.

    Requests for Exceptions to Preclearance Denial, Other Trading Restrictions, and Certain Reporting Requirements The Chief Compliance Officer may grant an exception from preclearance, other trading restrictions, and certain reporting requirements on a case-by-case basis if it is determined that the proposed conduct involves no opportunity for abuse and does not conflict with client interests. Exceptions are expected to be rare. If you wish to seek an exception to these restrictions, you must submit a written request to the Code of Ethics Team describing the nature of the exception and the reason(s) it is being sought.

    10


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    WHAT ARE THE ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS?

    If you are a portfolio manager, research analyst, or other investment professional who has portfolio management responsibilities for a client account (e.g., designated portfolio managers, backup portfolio managers, investment team members), or who otherwise has direct authority to make decisions to buy or sell securities in a client account (referred to here as an investment professional), you are required to adhere to additional rules and restrictions on your personal securities transactions. However, as no set of rules can anticipate every situation, you must remember to place our clients’ interests first whenever you transact in securities that are also held in client accounts you manage.

    The following provisions of the code are intended to allow investment professionals to make long-term investments in securities. However, you may not be able to sell personal investments for extended periods of time and therefore should consider the liquidity, tax planning, market, and similar risks associated with making personal investments in securities of an issuer that are or may be held in client accounts.

    • Investment Professional Blackout Periods –You cannot buy or sell a security for a period of 14 calendar days before or after any transaction in the same issuer by a client account for which you serve as an investment professional. In addition, You may not sell personal holdings in a security of the same issuer that is held by a client account for which you serve as an investment professional until the later of the following periods: (i) one calendar year from the date of your last purchase and (ii) 90 calendar days after all of your client accounts liquidate all holdings of the same issuer.
      If you anticipate receiving a cash flow or redemption request in a client portfolio that will result in the purchase or sale of securities that you also hold in your personal account, you should take care to avoid transactions in those securities in your personal account in the days leading up to the client transactions. However, unanticipated cash flows and redemptions in client accounts and unexpected market events do occur from time to time, and a personal trade made in the prior 14 days should never prevent you from buying or selling a security in a client account if the trade would be in the client’s best interest. If you find yourself in that situation and need to buy or sell a security in a client account within the 14 calendar days following your personal transaction in a security of the same issuer, you should attempt to notify the Code of Ethics Team (by email at #Code of Ethics Team or through the Code of Ethics hotline, 617-790-8330 [x68330]) or your local Compliance Officer in advance of placing the trade. If you are unable to reach any of those individuals and the trade is time sensitive, you should proceed with the client trade and notify the Code of Ethics Team promptly after submitting it.
    • Short Sales by an Investment Professional – An investment professional may not personally take a short position in a security of an issuer in which he or she holds a long position in a client account.

    11


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT

    Our guiding principle of “client, firm, self” also governs the receipt of gifts and entertainment from clients, consultants, brokers, vendors, companies in which we may invest, and others with whom the firm does business. As fiduciaries to our clients, we must always place our clients’ interests first and cannot allow gifts or entertainment opportunities to influence the actions we take on behalf of our clients. In keeping with this standard, you must follow several specific requirements:

    Accepting Gifts – You may only accept gifts of nominal value, which include promotional items, flower arrangements, gift baskets, and food, as well as other gifts with an approximate value of less than US$100 or the local equivalent. You may not accept a gift of cash, including a cash equivalent such as a gift certificate or a security, regardless of the amount. If you receive a gift that violates the Code, you must return the gift or consult with the Chief Compliance Officer to determine appropriate action under the circumstances.

    Accepting Entertainment Opportunities – The firm recognizes that participation in entertainment opportunities with representatives from organizations with which the firm does business, such as consultants, brokers, vendors, and companies in which we may invest, can help to further legitimate business interests. However, participation in such entertainment opportunities should be infrequent, and you may participate only if:

    1)      a representative of the hosting organization is present,
    2)      the primary purpose of the event is to discuss business or to build a business relationship, and
    3)      the opportunity meets the additional requirements below.

    Lodging and Air Travel – You may not accept a gift of lodging or air travel in connection with any entertainment opportunity. If you participate in an entertainment opportunity for which lodging or air travel is paid for by the host, you must reimburse the host for the equivalent cost, as determined by Wellington Management’s travel manager.

    Additional Reimbursement Requirements – You must receive prior approval from your business manager and reimburse the host for the full face value of any entertainment ticket(s) if:

    • the entertainment opportunity requires a ticket with a face value of more than US$200 or the local equivalent, or is a high-profile event (e.g., a major sporting event),
    • you wish to accept more than one ticket, or
    • the host has invited numerous Wellington Management representatives.

    Business managers must clear their own participation under the circumstances described above with the Chief Compliance Officer or Chair of the Ethics Committee.

    Please note that even if you pay for the full face value of a ticket, you may attend the event only if the host is present.

    Whenever possible, you should arrange for any required reimbursement prior to attending an entertainment event.

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    Soliciting Gifts, Entertainment Opportunities, or Contributions – In your capacity as a partner or employee of the firm, you may not solicit gifts, entertainment opportunities, or charitable or political contributions for yourself, or on behalf of clients, prospects, or others, from brokers, vendors, clients, or consultants with whom the firm conducts business or from companies in which the firm may invest.

    Sourcing Entertainment Opportunities – You may not request tickets to entertainment events from the firm’s Trading department or any other Wellington Management department, partner, or employee, nor from any broker, vendor, company in which we may invest, or other organization with which the firm conducts business.

    OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES

    While the firm recognizes that you may engage in business or charitable activities in your personal time, you must take steps to avoid conflicts of interest between your private interests and our clients’ interests. As a result, all significant outside business or charitable activities (e.g., directorships or officerships) must be approved by your business manager and by the Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, or Chair of the Ethics Committee prior to the acceptance of such a position (or if you are new, upon joining the firm). Approval will be granted only if it is determined that the activity does not present a significant conflict of interest. Directorships in public companies (or companies reasonably expected to become public companies) will generally not be authorized, while service with charitable organizations generally will be permitted.

    Officers of the firm can only seek additional employment outside of Wellington Management with the prior written approval of the Human Resources department. All new employees are required to disclose any outside employment to the Human Resources department upon joining the firm.

    13


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    CLIENT CONFIDENTIALITY

    Any nonpublic information concerning our clients that you acquire in connection with your employment at the firm is confidential. This includes information regarding actual or contemplated investment decisions, portfolio composition, research recommendations, and client interests. You should not discuss client business, including the existence of a client relationship, with outsiders unless it is a necessary part of your job responsibilities.

    HOW WE ENFORCE OUR CODE OF ETHICS

    Legal and Compliance is responsible for monitoring compliance with the Code of Ethics. Members of Legal and Compliance will periodically request certifications and review holdings and transaction reports for potential violations. They may also request additional information or reports.

    It is our collective responsibility to uphold the Code of Ethics. In addition to the formal reporting requirements described in this Code of Ethics, you have a responsibility to report any violations of the Code. If you have any doubt as to the appropriateness of any activity, believe that you have violated the Code, or become aware of a violation of the Code by another individual, you should consult the manager of the Code of Ethics Team, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, or Chair of the Ethics Committee.

    Potential violations of the Code of Ethics will be investigated and considered by representatives of Legal and Compliance and/or the Ethics Committee. All violations of the Code of Ethics will be reported to the Chief Compliance Officer. Violations are taken seriously and may result in sanctions or other consequences, including:

    • a warning
    • referral to your business manager, senior management, and/or the Managing Partners
    • reversal of a trade or the return of a gift
    • disgorgement of profits or of the value of a gift
    • a limitation or restriction on personal investing
    • a fine
    • termination of employment
    • referral to civil or criminal authorities

    If you become aware of any potential conflicts of interest that you believe are not addressed by our Code of Ethics or other policies, please contact the Chief Compliance Officer, the General Counsel, or the manager of the Code of Ethics Team.

    CLOSING

    As a firm, we seek excellence in the people we employ, the products and services we offer, the way we meet our ethical and fiduciary responsibilities, and the working environment we create for ourselves. Our Code of Ethics embodies that commitment. Accordingly, each of us must take care that our actions fully meet the high standards of conduct and professional behavior we have adopted. Most importantly, we must all remember “client, firm, self” is our most fundamental guiding principle.

    14


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    APPENDIX A – PART 1

    No Preclearance or Reporting Required:

    • Open-end investment funds not managed by Wellington Management1
    • Interests in a variable annuity product in which the underlying assets are held in a fund not managed by Wellington Management
    • Direct obligations of the US government (including obligations issued by GNMA and PEFCO) or the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, or the United Kingdom
    • Cash
    • Money market instruments or other short-term debt instruments rated P-1 or P-2, A-1 or A-2, or their equivalents2
    • Bankers’ acceptances, CDs, commercial paper
    • Wellington Trust Company Pools
    • Wellington Sponsored Hedge Funds
    • Securities futures and options on direct obligations of the US government or the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, or the United Kingdom, and associated derivatives
    • Options, forwards, and futures on commodities and foreign exchange, and associated derivatives
    • Transactions in approved managed accounts

    Reporting of Securities Transactions Required (no need to preclear and not subject to the 60-day holding period):

    • Open-end investment funds managed by Wellington Management1 (other than money market funds)
    • Interests in a variable annuity or insurance product in which the underlying assets are held in a fund managed by Wellington Management
    • Futures and options on securities indices
    • ETFs listed in Appendix A – Part 2 and derivatives on these securities
    • Gifts of securities to you or a reportable account
    • Gifts of securities from you or a reportable account
    • Non-volitional transactions (splits, tender offers, mergers, stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, etc.)

    Preclearance and Reporting of Securities Transactions Required:

    • Bonds and notes (other than direct obligations of the US government or the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, or the United Kingdom, as well as bankers’ acceptances, CDs, commercial paper, and high- quality, short-term debt instruments)
    • Stock (common and preferred) or other equity securities, including any security convertible into equity securities
    • Closed-end funds
    • ETFs not listed in Appendix A – Part 2
    • American Depositary Receipts
    • Options on securities (but not their non-volitional exercise or expiration)
    • Warrants
    • Rights
    • Unit investment trusts

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    Prohibited Investments and Activities:

    • Initial public offerings (IPOs) of any securities
    • HOLDRS (HOLding Company Depositary ReceiptS)
    • Single-stock futures1
    • Options expiring within 60 days of purchase
    • Securities being bought or sold on behalf of clients until one trading day after such buying or selling is completed or canceled
    • Securities of an issuer that is the subject of a new, changed, or reissued but unchanged action recommendation from a global industry research or fixed income credit analyst until two business days following issuance or reissuance of the recommendation
    • Securities of an issuer that is mentioned at the Morning Meeting or the Early Morning Meeting until two business days following the meeting
    • Securities on the firmwide restricted list
    • Profiting from any short-term (i.e., within 60 days) trading activity
    • Securities of broker/dealers or their affiliates with which the firm conducts business
    • Securities of any securities market or exchange on which the firm trades
    • Using a derivative instrument to circumvent the requirements of the Code of Ethics

    This appendix is current as of April 1, 2010, and may be amended at the discretion of the Ethics Committee.

    1 A list of funds advised or subadvised by Wellington Management (“Wellington-Managed Funds”) is available online via the Code of Ethics System. However, you remain responsible for confirming whether any particular investment represents a Wellington-Managed Fund.

    2 If the instrument is unrated, it must be of equivalent duration and comparable quality.

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    APPENDIX A – PART 2

    ETFS APPROVED FOR PERSONAL TRADING WITHOUT PRECLEARANCE (BUT REQUIRING REPORTING)

    All regional/country exchange share listings of ETFs listed are also approved

    This is a partial list. The complete and up-to-date list is available on the Code of Ethics System on the Intranet.

    Ticker

    United States: Equity

    AAXJ ACWI BRF DIA DVY ECH EEB EEM EFA EFG EFV EPI EPP EWA EWC EWG EWH EWJ EWM EWS EWT EWU EWY EZU FXI GDX GDXJ IBB ICF IEV IGE

    Name

    iShares MSCI All COUNTRY ASIA iShares MSCI ACWI Index Fund Market Vectors Brazil Small-CA DIAMONDS Trust SERIES I iShares DJ Select Dividend iShares MSCI Chile Investable Claymore/BNY BRIC ETF iShares MSCI EMERGING MKT IN iShares MSCI EAFE INDEX FUND iShares MSCI EAFE GROWTH INX iShares MSCI EAFE VALUE INX Wisdomtree India Earnings Fund iShares MSCI PACIFIC EX JPN iShares MSCI AUSTRALIA INDEX iShares MSCI CANADA iShares MSCI GERMANY INDEX iShares MSCI HONG KONG INDEX iShares MSCI JAPAN INDEX FD iShares MSCI MALAYSIA iShares MSCI SINGAPORE iShares MSCI TAIWAN INDEX FD iShares MSCI UNITED KINGDOM iShares MSCI SOUTH KOREA IND iShares MSCI EMU iShares FTSE/XINHUA CHINA 25 Market Vectors Gold Miners Market Vectors Gold Miners Min iShares NASDAQ BIOTECH INDX iShares COHEN & STEERS RLTY iShares S&P EUROPE 350 iShares GOLDMAN SACHS NAT RE

     

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    IJH IJJ IJK IJR IJS IJT ILF INP IOO IVE IVV IVW IWB IWD IWF IWM IWN IWO IWP IWR IWS IWV IXC IYR IYW MDY MOO OEF

    PBW PFF

    PGX PHO QID QLD

    QQQ

    RSP RSX RWM RWR

    iShares S&P Midcap 400 iShares S&P Midcap 400/VALUE iShares S&P Midcap 400/GRWTH iShares S&P SmallCap 600 iShares S&P SmallCap 600/VAL iShares S&P SmallCap 600/GRO iShares S&P Latin Amer 40 IDX iPath MSCI India Index ETN iShares S&P GLOBAL 100 iShares S&P 500 VALUE INDEX iShares S&P 500 INDEX FUND iShares S&P 500 GROWTH INDEX iShares Russell 1000 INDEX iShares Russell 1000 VALUE iShares Russell 1000 GROWTH iShares Russell 2000 iShares Russell 2000 VALUE iShares Russell 2000 GROWTH iShares Russell Midcap GRWTH iShares Russell Midcap INDEX iShares Russell Midcap VALUE iShares Russell 3000 INDEX iShares S&P GLBL ENERGY SECT iShares DJ US REAL ESTATE iShares DJ US TECHNOLOGY SEC Midcap SPDR Trust SERIES 1 Market Vectors AGRIBUSINESS iShares S&P 100 INDEX FUND

    PowerShares WILDERHILL CLEAN ENERGY iShares S&P PREF STK INDX FN

    Powershares Preferred Portfolio PowerSharesGLOBAL WATER ProShares UltraShort QQQ ProShares Ultra QQQ

    PowerShares QQQ

    Rydex S&P EQUAL WEIGHT ETF Market Vectors RUSSIA ETF ProShares Short Russell 2000 DJ Wilshire REIT ETF

     

    18


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    RWX SCZ SDS SDY

    SH

    SKF SPY SRS SSO TWM UWM UYG VB

    VBK VBR VEA VEU VGK

    VIG VNQ

    VO VPL

    VTI VTV

    VUG VV VWO VXX

    XLB XLE XLF XLI XLK XLP XLU XLV

    XLY XME

    XOP

    SPDR DJ WILS INTL RE iShares MSCI EAFE Small Cap In ProShares UltraShort S&P500 SPDR Divident ETF

    ProShares Short S&P500

    ProShares UltraShort FINANCIALS SPDR Trust SERIES 1 UltraShort REAL ESTATE ProShares ProShares Ultra S&P500 UltraShort Russell2000 ProShares ProShares Ultra Russell2000 ProShares Ultra FINANCIALS Vanguard SMALL-CAP ETF

    Vanguard SMALL-CAP GRWTH ETF Vanguard SMALL-CAP VALUE ETF Vanguard EUROPE PACIFIC ETF Vanguard FTSE ALL-WORLD EX-U Vanguard EUROPEAN ETF

    Vanguard DIVIDEND APPREC ETF Vanguard REIT ETF

    Vanguard MID-CAP ETF Vanguard PACIFIC ETF

    Vanguard TOTAL STOCK MKT ETF Vanguard VALUE ETF

    Vanguard GROWTH ETF Vanguard LARGE-CAP ETF Vanguard EMERGING MARKET ETF iPath S&P 500 VIX

    MATERIALS Select SECTOR SPDR ENERGY Select SECTOR SPDR FINANCIAL Select SECTOR SPDR INDUSTRIAL Select SECT SPDR TECHNOLOGY Select SECT SPDR CONSUMER STAPLES SPDR UTILITIES Select SECTOR SPDR HEALTH CARE Select SECTOR

    CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY Select SPDR SPDR S&P Metals & Mining ETF

    S&P Oil & Gas Expland Prod

     

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    United States: Fixed Income

    AGG BIV BSV BOND BSV BWX BZF CYB ELD EMB HYG IEF IEI JNK LQD MBB MUB PCY

    PST SHY

    TBF

    TBT TIP TLT

    VCSH

    iShares Lehman AGG BOND FUND Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bon Vanguard Total Bond Market PIMCO Total Return Bond ETF Vanguard Short-Term Bond ETF SPDR barclays Int Trea Bnd ETF Wisdomtree Brazilian Real Fund Wisdomtree Dreyfus China Yuan Fund Wisdomtree Emerging Markets Bond ETF JPM Emerging Markets Bond ETF iShares IBOXX H/Y CORP BOND iShares Lehman 7-10YR TREAS iShares Lehman 3-7 YEAR TREASURY SPDR Barclays Capital High Yield Bond ETF iShares GS$ INVESTOP CORP BD iShares MBS Bond Fund iShares S&P National Municipal Bond Fund Powershares EM MAR SOV DE PT

    ProShares UltraShort Lehman 7-10 Year Treasury iShares Lehman 1-3YR TRS BD

    ProShares Short 20+ Treasury

    UltraShort Lehman 20+ Year Treasury ProShares iShares Lehman TRES INF PR S iShares Lehman 20+ YR TREAS

    Vanguard Short-Term Corporate

     

    United States: Commodity Trusts and ETNs

    AMJ CORN COW DBA DBB DBC DBE DBO DBP DGZ DJP DNO

    JPMorgan Alerian MLP Index ETN Corn ETF iPath DJ-AIG Livestock TR Sub-Index Powershares DB Agriculture Fund Powershares DB Base Metals Fund Powershares DB Commodity Index Powershares DB Energy Fund Powershares DB Oil Fund Powershares DB Precious Metals Fund Powershares DB Gold Short ETN iPath Dow Jones - AIG Commodity Unicted States Short Oil Fund L

     

    20


     

    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    GAZ GLD GLL GSG JJA JJC JJE JJG JJM JJN JJS JJU SGG SLV UCO UGA UGL UHN UNG USO ZSL

    United States: Currency Trusts

    DBV EUO FXA FXB FXC FXE FXF FXM FXS FXY UDN UUP YCS

    Australia: Equity

    STW.AX

    England: Equity

    iPath DJ-AIG Natural Gas TR Sub-Index StreetTRACKS Gold Fund UltraShort Gold iShares S&P GSCI Commodity Index iPath DJ-AIG Agriculture TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Copper TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Energy TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Grains TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Industrial Metals TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Nickel TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Softs TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-AIG Aluminum TR Sub-Index iPath DJ-UBS Sugar Subindex TR iShares Silver Trust Ultra DJ-AIG Crude Oil United States Gasoline Fund Ultra Gold United States Heating Oil Fund United States Natural Gas Fund United States Oil Fund UltraShort Silver

    Powershares DB G10 Currency Harvest Fund UltraShort Euro Australian Dollar British Pound Canadian Dollar Euro Swiss Franc Mexican Peso Swedish Krona Japanese Yen Powershares DB US Dollar Bearish Fund Powershares DB US Dollar Bullish Fund UltraShort Yen

    S&P/ASX 200 Index

     

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    WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT

    Code of Ethics

    EUN LN IEEM LN FXC LN IJPN LN ISF LN IUSA LN IWRD LN

    iShares DJ STOXX 50 iShares MSCI EMERGING MKTS iShares FTSE/XINHUA CHINA 25 iShares MSCI JAPAN FUND iShares PLC-ISHARES FTSE 100 iShares S&P 500 INDEX FUND iShares MSCI WORLD

    England: Fixed Income  
    IEBC LN iShares Barclays Capital Euro
    Hong Kong: Equity  

    2800 HK 2823 HK 2827 HK 2828 HK 2833 HK

    Japan: Equity

    1305 JP 1306 JP 1308 JP 1320 JP 1321 JP 1330 JP

    TRACKER FUND OF HONG KONG iShares A50 CHINA TRACKER WISE - CSI 300 CHINA TRACKER HANG SENG H-SHARE IDX ETF HANG SENG INDEX ETF

    DAIWA ETF = TOPIX NOMURA ETF - TOPIX NIKKO ETF - TOPIX DAIWA ETF – NIKKEI 225 NOMURA ETF – NIKKEI 225 NIKKO ETF – 225

     

    This appendix is current as of 23 June 2014, and may be amended at the discretion of the Ethics Committee.

    22

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