0000932471-12-003688.txt : 20120227 0000932471-12-003688.hdr.sgml : 20120227 20120227090033 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000932471-12-003688 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 485BPOS PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 67 FILED AS OF DATE: 20120227 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20120227 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20120227 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000107606 IRS NUMBER: 510082711 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 002-14336 FILM NUMBER: 12640255 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 BUSINESS PHONE: 6106691000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20011121 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD/WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19931203 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000107606 IRS NUMBER: 510082711 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 485BPOS SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-00834 FILM NUMBER: 12640256 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 BUSINESS PHONE: 6106691000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: PO BOX 2600 STREET 2: V26 CITY: VALLEY FORGE STATE: PA ZIP: 19482 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20011121 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VANGUARD/WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19931203 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: WINDSOR FUNDS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 0000107606 S000004417 Vanguard Windsor Fund C000012178 Investor Shares VWNDX C000012179 Admiral Shares VWNEX 0000107606 S000004418 Vanguard Windsor II Fund C000012180 Investor Shares VWNFX C000012181 Admiral Shares VWNAX 485BPOS 1 windsorfunds485bfinal.htm WINDSOR FUNDS 485B FILING windsorfunds485bfinal.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 2-14336)  
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]
Pre-Effective Amendment No. [ ]
Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 [X]
and
REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 811-834) UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT
OF 1940  
Amendment No. 120 [X]

 

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)

P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482

(Address of Principal Executive Office)

Registrant’s Telephone Number (610) 669-1000

Heidi Stam, Esquire

P.O. Box 876

Valley Forge, PA 19482

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
[ ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
[X] on February 27, 2012, pursuant to paragraph (b)
[ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485
If appropriate, check the following box:
[ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a
  previously filed post-effective amendment.

 


 

Vanguard WindsorFund Prospectus

February 27, 2012

Investor Shares & Admiral™ Shares

Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares (VWNDX)

Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares (VWNEX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Investing With Vanguard 22
More on the Fund 6 Purchasing Shares 22
The Fund and Vanguard 13 Converting Shares 25
Investment Advisors 13 Redeeming Shares 26
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 15 Exchanging Shares 29
Share Price 17 Frequent-Trading Limitations 30
Financial Highlights 19 Other Rules You Should Know 32
    Fund and Account Updates 36
    Contacting Vanguard 38
    Additional Information 39
    Glossary of Investment Terms 40

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares or Admiral Shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees    
(Fees paid directly from your investment)    
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None None
Purchase Fee None None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None None
Redemption Fee None None
Account Service Fee (for fund account balances below $10,000) $20/year $20/year
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Management Expenses 0.36% 0.27%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None None
Other Expenses 0.03% 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.39% 0.29%
 

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Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares or Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Investor Shares $40 $125 $219 $493
Admiral Shares $30 $93 $163 $368

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 49%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

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  • Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in
  • particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares

 

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.93% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.60% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

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Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares      
Return Before Taxes –4.00% –3.30% 2.50%
Return After Taxes on Distributions –4.22 –3.93 1.76
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares –2.29 –2.79 2.10
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares      
Return Before Taxes –3.95% –3.19% 2.60%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%
 

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares will be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisors
AllianceBernstein L.P.

Wellington Management Company, LLP

Portfolio Managers

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 1110, Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The following table provides the Fund’s minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements.

Account Minimums Investor Shares Admiral Shares
To open and maintain an account $3,000 $50,000
To add to an existing account Generally $100 (other than Generally $100 (other than
  by Automatic Investment by Automatic Investment
  Plan, which has no Plan, which has no
  established minimum) established minimum)

 

 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

The Fund offers two separate classes of shares: Investor Shares and Admiral Shares.

Both share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment performances will differ.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund’s expense ratios would be as follows:
for Investor Shares, 0.39%, or $3.90 per $1,000 of average net assets; for
Admiral Shares, 0.29%, or $2.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for multi-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.28%, or $12.80 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports
on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $24.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

 

The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods

7


 

ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

 

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company, LLP (Wellington Management), which manages approximately 69% of the Fund’s assets, relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the

8


 

advisor believes are significantly undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

AllianceBernstein L.P. (AllianceBernstein), which manages approximately 29% of the Fund’s assets, uses a combination of fundamental and quantitative research to identify companies that are undervalued relative to their long-term earnings potential or asset values. The firm’s primary valuation tool is a proprietary expected return model. The AllianceBernstein team applies strict controls to produce a portfolio with specific risk and return expectations compared with the Russell 1000 Value Index.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages a small portion (approximately 2%) of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests its portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a

9


 

market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund,

10


 

the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-

11


 

timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders as taxable income.

 

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The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1971. As of October 31, 2011, AllianceBernstein managed approximately $402 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company, LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 70 years. As of October 31, 2011, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $618 billion in assets.

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The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for AllianceBernstein) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management since 1987; has managed investment portfolios for AllianceBernstein since 1999; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009. Education: B.S., University of Arizona; M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management and has been with AllianceBernstein since 1997, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.A. and Ph.D., Northwestern University.

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James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985; has managed investment portfolios for Wellington Management since 1997; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Basic Tax Points

Vanguard will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all your distributions. In addition, investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

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• Any dividend and short-term capital gains distributions that you receive are taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,”if any, distributed by the Fund. The special tax treatment of qualified income will expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.

• Any distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you’ve owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund‘s normal investment activities and cash flows.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you

complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

Dividend and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Plain Talk About “Buying a Dividend”
 
Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as an
IRA), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before the
fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is
known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,
buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on
December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You
still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares
x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you
received—even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid “buying a dividend,”
check a fund’s distribution schedule before you invest.

 

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 28% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide us with your correct taxpayer identification number;

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  • Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct; and
  • Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Foreign investors. Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, generally are not sold outside the United States, except to certain qualified investors. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the “Non-U.S. Investors” page on our website at vanguard.com for information on Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Invalid addresses. If a dividend or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has

17


 

been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in each table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund‘s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Tables
 
This explanation uses the Fund’s Investor Shares as an example. The Investor
Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $12.56 per share.
During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.184 from investment income
(interest and dividends) and $0.346 from investments that had appreciated in
value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.17 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $12.92, reflecting earnings of $0.53
per share and distributions of $0.17 per share. This was an increase of $0.36 per
share (from $12.56 at the beginning of the year to $12.92 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 4.15% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Investor Shares had approximately $6.7 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.39% ($3.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.34% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 49% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $12.56 $10.97 $9.51 $19.52 $19.27
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .184 .190 1 .197 .279 .298
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .346 1.586 1.486 (7.985) 1.782
Total from Investment Operations .530 1.776 1.683 (7.706) 2.080
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.170) (.186) (.223) (.289) (.301)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (2.015) (1.529)
Total Distributions (.170) (.186) (.223) (2.304) (1.830)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $12.92 $12.56 $10.97 $9.51 $19.52
Total Return2 4.15% 16.31% 18.22% –43.88% 11.24%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $6,736 $7,999 $7,610 $7,041 $14,490
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets3 0.39% 0.33% 0.33% 0.30% 0.31%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 1.34% 1.59%1 2.03% 1.91% 1.50%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 49% 50% 61%4 55% 40%

 

1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $.036 and 0.29%, respectively, resulting from a cash payment received in connection with the merger of Schering-Plough Corp. and Merck & Co. in November 2009.

2 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.

3 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, (0.03%), (0.05%), (0.03%), and (0.01%).

4 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital shares.

 

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Windsor Fund Admiral Shares          
 
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $42.37 $37.01 $32.08 $65.90 $65.04
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .664 .6851 .701 .999 1.085
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 1.171 5.348 5.020 (26.974) 6.019
Total from Investment Operations 1.835 6.033 5.721 (25.975) 7.104
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.615) (.673) (.791) (1.047) (1.085)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (6.798) (5.159)
Total Distributions (.615) (.673) (.791) (7.845) (6.244)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $43.59 $42.37 $37.01 $32.08 $65.90
Total Return2 4.26% 16.44% 18.38% –43.85% 11.38%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $4,994 $4,680 $4,203 $4,723 $9,770
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets3 0.29% 0.22% 0.20% 0.17% 0.19%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 1.44% 1.70%1 2.16% 2.04% 1.62%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 49% 50% 61%4 55% 40%

 

1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $.120 and 0.29%, respectively, resulting from a cash payment received in connection with the merger of Schering-Plough Corp. and Merck & Co. in November 2009.

2 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.

3 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, (0.03%), (0.05%), (0.03%), and (0.01%).

4 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital shares.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies, without notice to shareholders. Please call or check online for current information.

Each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account, or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Investor Shares To open and maintain an account. $3,000.

Add to an existing account. Generally $100 (other than by Automatic Investment Plan, which has no established minimum).

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $50,000. If you request Admiral Shares when you open a new account, but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Admiral Shares, your investment will be placed in Investor Shares of the Fund. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Add to an existing account. Generally $100 (other than by Automatic Investment Plan, which has no established minimum).

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website at vanguard.com if you are a registered user.

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By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement), with a deposit slip (available online), or with a written request. You may also send a written request to Vanguard to make an exchange. For a list of Vanguard addresses, see Contacting Vanguard.

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer option on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the option is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan) or from time to time. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may send a check to make initial or additional purchases to your fund account. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request: By mail. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a business day).

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds, and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer (not using an Automatic

23


 

Investment Plan) into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

For purchases by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Investment Plan: Your trade date generally will be one business day before the date you designated for withdrawal from your bank account.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Please note that Admiral Shares generally are not available for:

• SIMPLE IRAs and Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts or

Certain retirement plan accounts receiving special administrative services from Vanguard, including Vanguard Individual 401(k) plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse “starter checks” and checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable.

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Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Please call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the net asset values of the two share classes.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For a conversion request received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions From Investor Shares to Admiral Shares

Self-directed conversions. If your account balance in the Fund is at least $50,000, you may ask Vanguard to convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You can request a conversion online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by mail. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them. See Contacting Vanguard.

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Automatic conversions. Vanguard conducts periodic reviews of account balances and may, if your account balance in the Fund exceeds $50,000, automatically convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You will be notified before an automatic conversion occurs and will have an opportunity to instruct Vanguard not to effect the conversion. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Mandatory Conversions to Investor Shares

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for Admiral Shares, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to Investor Shares. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website at vanguard.com if you are a registered user.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a written request to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer option on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the option is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan) or from time to time. Your redemption request can be initiated online, by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption option, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

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By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See

Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you designated for withdrawal of funds (redemption of shares) from your Vanguard account. Proceeds of redeemed shares generally will be credited to your designated bank account two business days after your trade date. If the date you designated for withdrawal of funds from your

27


 

Vanguard account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer not using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to ten calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

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Share certificates. If you hold shares in certificates, those shares cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail. For the correct address, see

Contacting Vanguard.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

29


 

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by phone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, and Vanguard Small Business Online®.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Transaction requests submitted by mail to Vanguard from shareholders who hold their accounts directly with Vanguard. (Transaction requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by Vanguard funds that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

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• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 60-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

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Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

Vanguard attempts to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings by sending just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report when two or more shareholders have the same last name and address. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions online. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preference under “Account Profile.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time online, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we’ll automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Tele-Account®. To obtain fund and account information through Vanguard’s automated telephone service, you must first establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) by calling Tele-Account at 800-662-6273.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

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Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must include:

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction.

(Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

The requirements vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses because of fraud if we reasonably believe that the person transacting business on an account is authorized to do so. Please take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account information private, and immediately review any account statements or other information that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately about any transactions or changes to your account that you believe to be unauthorized.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

33


 

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request by regular or express mail. See Contacting Vanguard for addresses.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, broker, or investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply.

Please see Frequent-Trading LimitationsAccounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Account Service Fee

For most shareholders, Vanguard charges a $20 account service fee on all fund accounts that have a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee applies to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and will be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of a fund’s minimum initial investment amount. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from a fund account only once per calendar year.

If you register on vanguard.com and elect to receive electronic delivery of statements, reports, and other materials for all of your fund accounts, the account service fee for balances below $10,000 will not be charged, so long as that election remains in effect.

The account service fee also does not apply to the following:

• Money market sweep accounts owned in connection with a Vanguard Brokerage Services® account.

• Accounts held through intermediaries.

• Accounts held by Voyager, Voyager Select, and Flagship clients. Eligibility is based

on total household assets held at Vanguard, with a minimum of $50,000 to qualify for Vanguard Voyager Services®, $500,000 for Vanguard Voyager Select Services®, and $1 million for Vanguard Flagship Services®. Vanguard determines eligibility by aggregating assets of all qualifying accounts held by the investor and immediate family members who reside at the same address. Aggregate assets include

34


 

investments in Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs®, certain annuities through Vanguard, the Vanguard 529 Plan, and certain small-business accounts. Assets in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which Vanguard provides recordkeeping services may be included in determining eligibility if the investor also has a personal account holding Vanguard mutual funds. Note that assets held in a Vanguard Brokerage Services account (other than Vanguard funds, including Vanguard ETFs) are not included when determining a household’s eligibility.

• Participant accounts in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.* Please consult your enrollment materials for the rules that apply to your account.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

* The following Vanguard fund accounts have alternative fee structures: SIMPLE IRAs,

certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the minimum initial investment for any reason, including market fluctuation. This policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

35


 

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter. Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, we are required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms, which are generally mailed in January, will report the previous year’s dividends, capital gains distributions, proceeds from the sale of shares from taxable accounts, and distributions from IRAs and other retirement plans. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view these forms online. Vanguard may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

36


 

Annual and Semiannual Reports

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Windsor Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

  • Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.
  • Reports from the advisors.
  • Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

37


 

Contacting Vanguard  
 
 
Web  
Vanguard.com For the most complete source of Vanguard news
24 hours a day, 7 days a week For fund, account, and service information
  For most account transactions
  For literature requests
 
Phone  
Vanguard Tele-Account® 800-662-6273 For automated fund and account information
(ON-BOARD) Toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (SHIP) For fund and service information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For literature requests
impairment at 800-749-7273) Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.,
  Eastern time; Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time
Client Services 800-662-2739 (CREW) For account information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For most account transactions
impairment at 800-749-7273) Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.,
  Eastern time; Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time
Institutional Division For information and services for large institutional investors
888-809-8102 Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 9 p.m.,
  Eastern time
Intermediary Sales Support For information and services for financial intermediaries
800-997-2798 including broker-dealers, trust institutions, insurance
  companies, and financial advisors
  Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m.,
  Eastern time
 
 
Vanguard Addresses  
Please be sure to use the correct address. Use of an incorrect address could delay the
processing of your transaction.  
 
 
Regular Mail (Individuals) The Vanguard Group
  P.O. Box 1110
  Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110
Regular Mail (Institutions) The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2900
  Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900
Registered, Express, or Overnight The Vanguard Group
  455 Devon Park Drive
  Wayne, PA 19087-1815

 

38


 

Additional Information          
 
 
  Inception Suitable Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Date for IRAs Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund          
Investor Shares 10/23/1958 Yes Wndsr 22 922018106
Admiral Shares 11/12/2001 Yes WndsrAdml 5022 922018403

 

39


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

40


 

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.


 

P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group

Investor Information Department P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600 Telephone: 800-662-7447 (SHIP)

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department Telephone: 800-662-2739 (CREW)

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 022 022012


 

Vanguard WindsorFund Prospectus

February 27, 2012

Investor Shares for Participants

Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares (VWNDX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 16
More on the Fund 5 Investing With Vanguard 18
The Fund and Vanguard 12 Accessing Fund Information Online 21
Investment Advisors 12 Glossary of Investment Terms 22
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 14    
Share Price 14    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None
 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Expenses 0.36%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.03%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.39%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$40 $125 $219 $493
 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 49%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund

2


 

will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.93% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.60% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares –4.00% –3.30% 2.50%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees or expenses) 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%

 

 

Investment Advisors
AllianceBernstein L.P.

Wellington Management Company, LLP

Portfolio Managers

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

3


 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

4


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Investor Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund Investor Shares’ expense ratio would
be 0.39%, or $3.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio
for multi-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.28%, or $12.80 per $1,000 of average net
assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports on the mutual
fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of

5


 

shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $24.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

 

The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should

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not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company, LLP (Wellington Management), which manages approximately 69% of the Fund’s assets, relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the advisor believes are significantly undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically

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offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

AllianceBernstein L.P. (AllianceBernstein), which manages approximately 29% of the Fund’s assets, uses a combination of fundamental and quantitative research to identify companies that are undervalued relative to their long-term earnings potential or asset values. The firm’s primary valuation tool is a proprietary expected return model. The AllianceBernstein team applies strict controls to produce a portfolio with specific risk and return expectations compared with the Russell 1000 Value Index.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages a small portion (approximately 2%) of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests its portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the

8


 

Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

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Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

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• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders.

 

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The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1971. As of October 31, 2011, AllianceBernstein managed approximately $402 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company, LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 70 years. As of October 31, 2011, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $618 billion in assets.

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The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for AllianceBernstein) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management since 1987; has managed investment portfolios for AllianceBernstein since 1999; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009. Education: B.S., University of Arizona; M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management and has been with AllianceBernstein since 1997, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.A. and Ph.D., Northwestern University.

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James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985; has managed investment portfolios for Wellington Management since 1997; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or

14


 

redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Investor Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Investor Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Investor Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Investor Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $12.56
per share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.184 from investment
income (interest and dividends) and $0.346 from investments that had appreciated
in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.17 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $12.92, reflecting earnings of $0.53
per share and distributions of $0.17 per share. This was an increase of $0.36 per
share (from $12.56 at the beginning of the year to $12.92 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 4.15% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Investor Shares had approximately $6.7 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.39% ($3.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.34% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 49% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $12.56 $10.97 $9.51 $19.52 $19.27
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .184 .190 1 .197 .279 .298
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments .346 1.586 1.486 (7.985) 1.782
Total from Investment Operations .530 1.776 1.683 (7.706) 2.080
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.170) (.186) (.223) (.289) (.301)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (2.015) (1.529)
Total Distributions (.170) (.186) (.223) (2.304) (1.830)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $12.92 $12.56 $10.97 $9.51 $19.52
Total Return 4.15% 16.31% 18.22% –43.88% 11.24%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $6,736 $7,999 $7,610 $7,041 $14,490
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.39% 0.33% 0.33% 0.30% 0.31%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 1.34% 1.59%1 2.03% 1.91% 1.50%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 49% 50% 61%3 55% 40%

 

1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $.036 and 0.29%, respectively, resulting from a cash payment received in connection with the merger of Schering-Plough Corp. and Merck & Co. in November 2009.

2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, (0.03%), (0.05%), (0.03%), and (0.01%).

3 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital shares.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or how your contributions are allocated among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, exchange, or redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing timeframes for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined NAV of the Fund‘s Investor Shares. If your transaction request was received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper, and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds), you must wait 60 days before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Be sure to read the Fund’s prospectus. Contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188 for a copy.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the

19


 

intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

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Additional Information        
 
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund        
Investor Shares 10/23/1958 Wndsr 22 922018106
 
 
Accessing Fund Information Online    

 

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

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Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

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Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 022 022012


 

Vanguard WindsorFund Prospectus

February 27, 2012

Admiral™ Shares for Participants

Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares (VWNEX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 16
More on the Fund 5 Investing With Vanguard 18
The Fund and Vanguard 12 Accessing Fund Information Online 21
Investment Advisors 12 Glossary of Investment Terms 22
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 14    
Share Price 14    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Expenses 0.27%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.29%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$30 $93 $163 $368
 

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 49%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund

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will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 19.01% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.54% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares –3.95% –3.19% 2.60%
Russell 1000 Value Index      
(reflects no deduction for fees or expenses) 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%
 

Investment Advisors
AllianceBernstein L.P.

Wellington Management Company, LLP

Portfolio Managers

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008.

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Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Admiral Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would
be 0.29%, or $2.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio
for multi-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.28%, or $12.80 per $1,000 of average net
assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports on the mutual
fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because you,
as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund, plus
any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These costs
can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital appreciation a
fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a
dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of

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shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $24.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

 

The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should

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not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Wellington Management Company, LLP (Wellington Management), which manages approximately 69% of the Fund’s assets, relies on the depth and experience of its investment team and supporting global industry analysts to identify stocks that the advisor believes are significantly undervalued by the market. The portfolio typically

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offers prospective growth of earnings plus a dividend yield comparable with broad market averages, while at the same time being undervalued relative to the market.

AllianceBernstein L.P. (AllianceBernstein), which manages approximately 29% of the Fund’s assets, uses a combination of fundamental and quantitative research to identify companies that are undervalued relative to their long-term earnings potential or asset values. The firm’s primary valuation tool is a proprietary expected return model. The AllianceBernstein team applies strict controls to produce a portfolio with specific risk and return expectations compared with the Russell 1000 Value Index.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages a small portion (approximately 2%) of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests its portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

The Fund typically invests a limited portion, up to 30%, of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the

8


 

Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

9


 

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

10


 

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders.

 

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The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1971. As of October 31, 2011, AllianceBernstein managed approximately $402 billion in assets.

• Wellington Management Company, LLP, 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210, a Massachusetts limited liability partnership, is an investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 70 years. As of October 31, 2011, Wellington Management had investment management authority with respect to approximately $618 billion in assets.

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The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for AllianceBernstein) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period. When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fee represented an effective annual rate of 0.13% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based increase of 0.03%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory agreements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Joseph G. Paul, Chief Investment Officer of North American Value Equities and of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management since 1987; has managed investment portfolios for AllianceBernstein since 1999; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2009. Education: B.S., University of Arizona; M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Gregory L. Powell, Portfolio Manager and Director of Research of US Large-Cap Value Equities at AllianceBernstein. He has worked in investment management and has been with AllianceBernstein since 1997, and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.A. and Ph.D., Northwestern University.

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James N. Mordy, Senior Vice President and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has been with Wellington Management and has worked on the Windsor Fund investment team since 1985; has managed investment portfolios for Wellington Management since 1997; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2008. Education: B.A., Stanford University; M.B.A., The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or

14


 

redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Admiral Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Admiral Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Admiral Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Admiral Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $42.37
per share. During the year, each Admiral Share earned $0.664 from investment
income (interest and dividends) and $1.171 from investments that had appreciated
in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.615 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $43.59, reflecting earnings of $1.835
per share and distributions of $0.615 per share. This was an increase of $1.22 per
share (from $42.37 at the beginning of the year to $43.59 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 4.26% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Admiral Shares had approximately $4.9 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.29% ($2.90 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 1.44% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 49% of its net assets.

 

16


 


 

Windsor Fund Admiral Shares          
 
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $42.37 $37.01 $32.08 $65.90 $65.04
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .664 .6851 .701 .999 1.085
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 1.171 5.348 5.020 (26.974) 6.019
Total from Investment Operations 1.835 6.033 5.721 (25.975) 7.104
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.615) (.673) (.791) (1.047) (1.085)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (6.798) (5.159)
Total Distributions (.615) (.673) (.791) (7.845) (6.244)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $43.59 $42.37 $37.01 $32.08 $65.90
Total Return 4.26% 16.44% 18.38% –43.85% 11.38%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $4,994 $4,680 $4,203 $4,723 $9,770
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.29% 0.22% 0.20% 0.17% 0.19%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 1.44% 1.70%1 2.16% 2.04% 1.62%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 49% 50% 61%3 55% 40%

 

1 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $.120 and 0.29%, respectively, resulting from a cash payment received in connection with the merger of Schering-Plough Corp. and Merck & Co. in November 2009.

2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of 0.03%, (0.03%), (0.05%), (0.03%), and (0.01%).

3 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital shares.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or how your contributions are allocated among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, exchange, or redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing timeframes for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined NAV of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares. If your transaction request was received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper, and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds), you must wait 60 days before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Be sure to read the Fund’s prospectus. Contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188 for a copy.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the

19


 

intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

20


 

Additional Information        
 
 
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor Fund        
Admiral Shares 11/12/2001 WndsrAdml 5022 922018403
  (Investor Shares      
10/23/1958)

 

Accessing Fund Information Online

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

21


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

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Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 5022 022012


 

Vanguard WindsorII Fund Prospectus

 

February 27, 2012

Investor Shares & Admiral™ Shares

Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares (VWNFX)

Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares (VWNAX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Investing With Vanguard 24
More on the Fund 6 Purchasing Shares 24
The Fund and Vanguard 13 Converting Shares 27
Investment Advisors 14 Redeeming Shares 28
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17 Exchanging Shares 31
Share Price 20 Frequent-Trading Limitations 32
Financial Highlights 21 Other Rules You Should Know 34
    Fund and Account Updates 38
    Contacting Vanguard 40
    Additional Information 41
    Glossary of Investment Terms 42

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares or Admiral Shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees    
(Fees paid directly from your investment)    
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None None
Purchase Fee None None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None None
Redemption Fee None None
Account Service Fee (for fund account balances below $10,000) $20/year $20/year
 
Annual Fund Operating Expenses    
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)  
  Investor Shares Admiral Shares
Management Expenses 0.33% 0.25%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None None
Other Expenses 0.02% 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.35% 0.27%
 

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares or Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

  1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
Investor Shares $36 $113 $197 $443
Admiral Shares $28 $87 $152 $343
 

1


 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 23%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.80% (quarter ended June 30, 2003), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.62% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares      
Return Before Taxes 2.70% –1.36% 4.22%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 2.36 –2.08 3.51
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 2.23 –1.21 3.56
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares      
Return Before Taxes 2.78% –1.27% 4.33%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)      
Russell 1000 Value Index 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%
Standard & Poor’s 500 Index 2.11 –0.25 2.92
 

 

3


 

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares will be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisors

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC Lazard Asset Management LLC

Sanders Capital, LLC

The Vanguard Group, Inc.

Portfolio Managers

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

4


 

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012).

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 1110, Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The following table provides the Fund’s minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements.

Account Minimums Investor Shares Admiral Shares
To open and maintain an account $3,000 $50,000
To add to an existing account Generally $100 (other than Generally $100 (other than
  by Automatic Investment by Automatic Investment
  Plan, which has no Plan, which has no
  established minimum) established minimum)

 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

5


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

The Fund offers two separate classes of shares: Investor Shares and Admiral Shares.

Both share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment performances will differ.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund’s expense ratios would be as
follows: for Investor Shares, 0.35%, or $3.50 per $1,000 of average net assets;
for Admiral Shares, 0.27%, or $2.70 per $1,000 of average net assets. The
average expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.27%, or $12.70 per
$1,000 of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which
reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a broadly diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $44.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

7


 

The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

 

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

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Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley), which manages approximately 61% of the Fund’s assets, uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard), which manages approximately 18% of the Fund’s assets, employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders), which manages approximately 9% of the Fund’s assets, uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with a discounted analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley), which manages approximately 6% of the Fund’s assets, invests mainly in mid- to large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (Armstrong Shaw), which manages approximately 4% of the Fund’s assets, constructs a portfolio of large-capitalization stocks using a combination of fundamental and qualitative criteria to identify individual companies for potential investment. The firm’s disciplined, absolute-value-based approach determines the intrinsic value of a company through an analysis of its cash flow or an appraisal of its assets. Candidates for purchase are stocks that, in the opinion of the advisor, are issued by high quality companies and are selling at a substantial discount to the estimated intrinsic value.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages less than 1% of the Fund’s assets by constructing a portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of each stock’s relative return potential. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer a good balance between reasonable valuations and attractive growth prospects relative to their peers. Vanguard implements its stock-selection process through the use of proprietary software programs that compare thousands of securities at a time.

In addition, Vanguard manages approximately 2% of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests this portion of

9


 

the Fund’s assets by investing in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


Because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to

10


 

buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are

11


 

consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

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• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders as taxable income.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

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Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc., 45 Grove Street, New Canaan, CT 06840, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1984. As of October 31, 2011, Armstrong Shaw managed approximately $2.2 billion in assets.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2011, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $53 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2011, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $14.4 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2011, Lazard managed approximately $121 billion in assets.

• Sanders Capital, LLC, 375 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10152, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2011, Sanders managed approximately $4.7 billion in assets.

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• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Investment Group. As of October 31, 2011, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $1.3 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Armstrong Shaw), the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis. Vanguard’s performance is evaluated against the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.01%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

 

Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group is overseen by:

George U. Sauter, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Vanguard. As Chief Investment Officer, he is responsible for the oversight of Vanguard’s Equity Investment and Fixed Income Groups. The investments managed by these two groups include active quantitative equity funds, equity index funds, active bond

15


 

funds, index bond funds, stable value portfolios, and money market funds. Since joining Vanguard in 1987, Mr. Sauter has been a key contributor to the development of Vanguard’s stock indexing and active quantitative equity investment strategies. He received his A.B. in Economics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago.

Sandip A. Bhagat, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and head of Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group. He has oversight responsibility for all active quantitative equity funds and all equity index funds managed by the Equity Investment Group. He has managed investment portfolios since 1987 and has been with Vanguard since 2009. He received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Bombay, India, and an M.S. in Chemical Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has worked in investment management since 1984 and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006. Education: B.S., Princeton University; M.B.A., Harvard Business School.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed investment portfolios since 1963; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 1979; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985. Education: B.S., University of South Carolina.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

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John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988; has managed investment portfolios since 2001; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968; has managed investment portfolios since 1981; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed investment portfolios since 1986; has been with Vanguard since 1989; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012). Education: A.B., Occidental College.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982; has worked in investment management since 1996; has managed investment portfolios since 2003; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1998; has worked in investment management since 2001; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Bloomsburg University; M.S., Drexel University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund.

17


 

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Basic Tax Points

Vanguard will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all your distributions. In addition, investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend and short-term capital gains distributions that you receive are taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,”if any, distributed by the Fund. The special tax treatment of qualified income will expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.

• Any distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you’ve owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund‘s normal investment activities and cash flows.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

Dividend and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

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This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Plain Talk About “Buying a Dividend”
 
Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as an
IRA), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before the
fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is
known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,
buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on
December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You
still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares
x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you
received—even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid “buying a dividend,”
check a fund’s distribution schedule before you invest.

 

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 28% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide us with your correct taxpayer identification number;

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct; and

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Foreign investors. Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, generally are not sold outside the United States, except to certain qualified investors. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the “Non-U.S. Investors” page on our website at vanguard.com for information on Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Invalid addresses. If a dividend or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

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Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in each table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund‘s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Tables
 
This explanation uses the Fund’s Investor Shares as an example. The Investor
Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $24.37 per share.
During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.557 from investment income
(interest and dividends) and $1.276 from investments that had appreciated in
value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.523 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $25.68, reflecting earnings of $1.833
per share and distributions of $0.523 per share. This was an increase of $1.31 per
share (from $24.37 at the beginning of the year to $25.68 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 7.48% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Investor Shares had approximately $19 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.35% ($3.50 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.11% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 23% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor II Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $24.37 $22.22 $20.56 $37.84 $35.14
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .557 .495 .580 .777 .803
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 1.276 2.151 1.750 (13.804) 4.145
Total from Investment Operations 1.833 2.646 2.330 (13.027) 4.948
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.523) (.496) (.670) (.799) (.790)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (3.454) (1.458)
Total Distributions (.523) (.496) (.670) (4.253) (2.248)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $25.68 $24.37 $22.22 $20.56 $37.84
Total Return1 7.48% 12.05% 11.96% –38.02% 14.62%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $19,010 $20,921 $20,695 $19,400 $33,821
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.35% 0.35% 0.38% 0.32% 0.33%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 2.11% 2.08% 2.96% 2.66% 2.19%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 23% 29% 41% 37% 51%

 

1 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.

2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), and 0.01%.

 

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Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $43.26 $39.46 $36.51 $67.18 $62.41
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.025 .914 1.064 1.431 1.491
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 2.264 3.811 3.112 (24.497) 7.348
Total from Investment Operations 3.289 4.725 4.176 (23.066) 8.839
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.959) (.925) (1.226) (1.473) (1.481)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (6.131) (2.588)
Total Distributions (.959) (.925) (1.226) (7.604) (4.069)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $45.59 $43.26 $39.46 $36.51 $67.18
Total Return1 7.56% 12.12% 12.09% –37.94% 14.71%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $14,771 $13,381 $12,060 $11,611 $20,250
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets2 0.27% 0.27% 0.27% 0.22% 0.23%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 2.19% 2.16% 3.07% 2.76% 2.29%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 23% 29% 41% 37% 51%

 

1Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.

2 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), and 0.01%.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies, without notice to shareholders. Please call or check online for current information.

Each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account, or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Investor Shares To open and maintain an account. $3,000.

Add to an existing account. Generally $100 (other than by Automatic Investment Plan, which has no established minimum).

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $50,000. If you request Admiral Shares when you open a new account, but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Admiral Shares, your investment will be placed in Investor Shares of the Fund. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Add to an existing account. Generally $100 (other than by Automatic Investment Plan, which has no established minimum).

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website at vanguard.com if you are a registered user.

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By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement), with a deposit slip (available online), or with a written request. You may also send a written request to Vanguard to make an exchange. For a list of Vanguard addresses, see Contacting Vanguard.

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer option on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the option is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan) or from time to time. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may send a check to make initial or additional purchases to your fund account. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request: By mail. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a business day).

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds, and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer (not using an Automatic

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Investment Plan) into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

For purchases by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Investment Plan: Your trade date generally will be one business day before the date you designated for withdrawal from your bank account.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Please note that Admiral Shares generally are not available for:

• SIMPLE IRAs and Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts or

Certain retirement plan accounts receiving special administrative services from Vanguard, including Vanguard Individual 401(k) plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse “starter checks” and checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable.

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Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Please call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the net asset values of the two share classes.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For a conversion request received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions From Investor Shares to Admiral Shares

Self-directed conversions. If your account balance in the Fund is at least $50,000, you may ask Vanguard to convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You can request a conversion online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by mail. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them. See Contacting Vanguard.

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Automatic conversions. Vanguard conducts periodic reviews of account balances and may, if your account balance in the Fund exceeds $50,000, automatically convert your Investor Shares to Admiral Shares. You will be notified before an automatic conversion occurs and will have an opportunity to instruct Vanguard not to effect the conversion. Institutional clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them.

Mandatory Conversions to Investor Shares

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for Admiral Shares, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to Investor Shares. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website at vanguard.com if you are a registered user.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a written request to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer option on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the option is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan) or from time to time. Your redemption request can be initiated online, by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption option, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

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By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See

Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you designated for withdrawal of funds (redemption of shares) from your Vanguard account. Proceeds of redeemed shares generally will be credited to your designated bank account two business days after your trade date. If the date you designated for withdrawal of funds from your

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Vanguard account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer not using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to ten calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

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Share certificates. If you hold shares in certificates, those shares cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail. For the correct address, see

Contacting Vanguard.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are a registered user of vanguard.com), by telephone, or by written request. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

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Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by phone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, and Vanguard Small Business Online®.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Transaction requests submitted by mail to Vanguard from shareholders who hold their accounts directly with Vanguard. (Transaction requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by Vanguard funds that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

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• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 60-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

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Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

Vanguard attempts to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings by sending just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report when two or more shareholders have the same last name and address. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions online. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preference under “Account Profile.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time online, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we’ll automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Tele-Account®. To obtain fund and account information through Vanguard’s automated telephone service, you must first establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) by calling Tele-Account at 800-662-6273.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

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Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must include:

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction.

(Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

The requirements vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses because of fraud if we reasonably believe that the person transacting business on an account is authorized to do so. Please take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account information private, and immediately review any account statements or other information that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately about any transactions or changes to your account that you believe to be unauthorized.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

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Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request by regular or express mail. See Contacting Vanguard for addresses.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, broker, or investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply.

Please see Frequent-Trading LimitationsAccounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Account Service Fee

For most shareholders, Vanguard charges a $20 account service fee on all fund accounts that have a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee applies to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and will be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of a fund’s minimum initial investment amount. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from a fund account only once per calendar year.

If you register on vanguard.com and elect to receive electronic delivery of statements, reports, and other materials for all of your fund accounts, the account service fee for balances below $10,000 will not be charged, so long as that election remains in effect.

The account service fee also does not apply to the following:

• Money market sweep accounts owned in connection with a Vanguard Brokerage Services® account.

• Accounts held through intermediaries.

• Accounts held by Voyager, Voyager Select, and Flagship clients. Eligibility is based on total household assets held at Vanguard, with a minimum of $50,000 to qualify for Vanguard Voyager Services®, $500,000 for Vanguard Voyager Select Services®, and $1 million for Vanguard Flagship Services®. Vanguard determines eligibility by aggregating assets of all qualifying accounts held by the investor and immediate family members who reside at the same address. Aggregate assets include

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investments in Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs®, certain annuities through Vanguard, the Vanguard 529 Plan, and certain small-business accounts. Assets in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which Vanguard provides recordkeeping services may be included in determining eligibility if the investor also has a personal account holding Vanguard mutual funds. Note that assets held in a Vanguard Brokerage Services account (other than Vanguard funds, including Vanguard ETFs) are not included when determining a household’s eligibility.

• Participant accounts in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.* Please consult your enrollment materials for the rules that apply to your account.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

* The following Vanguard fund accounts have alternative fee structures: SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the minimum initial investment for any reason, including market fluctuation. This policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

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Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter. Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, we are required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms, which are generally mailed in January, will report the previous year’s dividends, capital gains distributions, proceeds from the sale of shares from taxable accounts, and distributions from IRAs and other retirement plans. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view these forms online. Vanguard may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

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Annual and Semiannual Reports

We will send (or provide online, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Windsor II Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

  • Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.
  • Reports from the advisors.
  • Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

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Contacting Vanguard  
 
 
Web  
Vanguard.com For the most complete source of Vanguard news
24 hours a day, 7 days a week For fund, account, and service information
  For most account transactions
  For literature requests
 
Phone  
Vanguard Tele-Account® 800-662-6273 For automated fund and account information
(ON-BOARD) Toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (SHIP) For fund and service information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For literature requests
impairment at 800-749-7273) Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.,
  Eastern time; Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time
Client Services 800-662-2739 (CREW) For account information
(Text telephone for people with hearing For most account transactions
impairment at 800-749-7273) Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.,
  Eastern time; Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time
Institutional Division For information and services for large institutional investors
888-809-8102 Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 9 p.m.,
  Eastern time
Intermediary Sales Support For information and services for financial intermediaries
800-997-2798 including broker-dealers, trust institutions, insurance
  companies, and financial advisors
  Hours of operation: Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m.,
  Eastern time
 
 
Vanguard Addresses  
Please be sure to use the correct address. Use of an incorrect address could delay the
processing of your transaction.  
 
 
Regular Mail (Individuals) The Vanguard Group
  P.O. Box 1110
  Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110
Regular Mail (Institutions) The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2900
  Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900
Registered, Express, or Overnight The Vanguard Group
  455 Devon Park Drive
  Wayne, PA 19087-1815

 

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Additional Information          
 
  Inception Suitable Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Date for IRAs Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund          
Investor Shares 6/24/1985 Yes WndsrII 73 922018205
Admiral Shares 5/14/2001 Yes WdsrIIAdml 573 922018304

 

CFA® is a trademark owned by CFA Institute.

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Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

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Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group

Investor Information Department P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600 Telephone: 800-662-7447 (SHIP)

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department Telephone: 800-662-2739 (CREW)

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 073 022012


 

Vanguard WindsorII Fund Prospectus

 

February 27, 2012

Investor Shares for Participants

Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares (VWNFX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.



The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 20
More on the Fund 6 Investing With Vanguard 22
The Fund and Vanguard 13 Accessing Fund Information Online 25
Investment Advisors 14 Glossary of Investment Terms 26
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17    
Share Price 18    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Investor Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Expenses 0.33%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.35%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$36 $113 $197 $443
 

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 23%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

2


 

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.80% (quarter ended June 30, 2003), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.62% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares 2.70% –1.36% 4.22%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees or expenses)      
Russell 1000 Value Index 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%
Standard & Poor’s 500 Index 2.11 –0.25 2.92
 

3


 

Investment Advisors

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC Lazard Asset Management LLC

Sanders Capital, LLC

The Vanguard Group, Inc.

Portfolio Managers

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012).

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

4


 

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

5


 

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Investor Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund Investor Shares’ expense ratio
would be 0.35%, or $3.50 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.27%, or $12.70 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports
on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

6


 

The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a broadly diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $44.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

7


 

The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

 

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

8


 

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley), which manages approximately 61% of the Fund’s assets, uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard), which manages approximately 18% of the Fund’s assets, employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders), which manages approximately 9% of the Fund’s assets, uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with a discounted analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley), which manages approximately 6% of the Fund’s assets, invests mainly in mid- to large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (Armstrong Shaw), which manages approximately 4% of the Fund’s assets, constructs a portfolio of large-capitalization stocks using a combination of fundamental and qualitative criteria to identify individual companies for potential investment. The firm’s disciplined, absolute-value-based approach determines the intrinsic value of a company through an analysis of its cash flow or an appraisal of its assets. Candidates for purchase are stocks that, in the opinion of the advisor, are issued by high quality companies and are selling at a substantial discount to the estimated intrinsic value.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages less than 1% of the Fund’s assets by constructing a portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of each stock’s relative return potential. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer a good balance between reasonable valuations and attractive growth prospects relative to their peers. Vanguard implements its stock-selection process through the use of proprietary software programs that compare thousands of securities at a time.

In addition, Vanguard manages approximately 2% of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests this portion of

9


 

the Fund’s assets by investing in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


Because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to

10


 

buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are

11


 

consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

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• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

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Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc., 45 Grove Street, New Canaan, CT 06840, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1984. As of October 31, 2011, Armstrong Shaw managed approximately $2.2 billion in assets.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2011, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $53 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2011, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $14.4 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2011, Lazard managed approximately $121 billion in assets.

• Sanders Capital, LLC, 375 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10152, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2011, Sanders managed approximately $4.7 billion in assets.

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• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Investment Group. As of October 31, 2011, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $1.3 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Armstrong Shaw), the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis. Vanguard’s performance is evaluated against the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.01%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group is overseen by:

George U. Sauter, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Vanguard. As Chief Investment Officer, he is responsible for the oversight of Vanguard’s Equity Investment and Fixed Income Groups. The investments managed by these two groups include active quantitative equity funds, equity index funds, active bond

15


 

funds, index bond funds, stable value portfolios, and money market funds. Since joining Vanguard in 1987, Mr. Sauter has been a key contributor to the development of Vanguard’s stock indexing and active quantitative equity investment strategies. He received his A.B. in Economics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago.

Sandip A. Bhagat, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and head of Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group. He has oversight responsibility for all active quantitative equity funds and all equity index funds managed by the Equity Investment Group. He has managed investment portfolios since 1987 and has been with Vanguard since 2009. He received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Bombay, India, and an M.S. in Chemical Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has worked in investment management since 1984 and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006. Education: B.S., Princeton University; M.B.A., Harvard Business School.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed investment portfolios since 1963; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 1979; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985. Education: B.S., University of South Carolina.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

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John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988; has managed investment portfolios since 2001; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968; has managed investment portfolios since 1981; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed investment portfolios since 1986; has been with Vanguard since 1989; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012). Education: A.B., Occidental College.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982; has worked in investment management since 1996; has managed investment portfolios since 2003; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1998; has worked in investment management since 2001; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Bloomsburg University; M.S., Drexel University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

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Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be

 

18


 

used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Investor Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Investor Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Investor Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Investor Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $24.37
per share. During the year, each Investor Share earned $0.557 from investment
income (interest and dividends) and $1.276 from investments that had appreciated
in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.523 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $25.68, reflecting earnings of $1.833
per share and distributions of $0.523 per share. This was an increase of $1.31 per
share (from $24.37 at the beginning of the year to $25.68 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 7.48% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Investor Shares had approximately $19 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.35% ($3.50 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.11% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 23% of its net assets.

 

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Windsor II Fund Investor Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $24.37 $22.22 $20.56 $37.84 $35.14
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income .557 .495 .580 .777 .803
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 1.276 2.151 1.750 (13.804) 4.145
Total from Investment Operations 1.833 2.646 2.330 (13.027) 4.948
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.523) (.496) (.670) (.799) (.790)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (3.454) (1.458)
Total Distributions (.523) (.496) (.670) (4.253) (2.248)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $25.68 $24.37 $22.22 $20.56 $37.84
Total Return 7.48% 12.05% 11.96% –38.02% 14.62%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $19,010 $20,921 $20,695 $19,400 $33,821
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets1 0.35% 0.35% 0.38% 0.32% 0.33%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 2.11% 2.08% 2.96% 2.66% 2.19%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 23% 29% 41% 37% 51%

 

1 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), and 0.01%.

 

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Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or how your contributions are allocated among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, exchange, or redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing timeframes for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined NAV of the Fund‘s Investor Shares. If your transaction request was received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper, and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds), you must wait 60 days before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Be sure to read the Fund’s prospectus. Contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188 for a copy.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the

23


 

intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

24


 

Additional Information        
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund        
Investor Shares 6/24/1985 WndsrII 73 922018205
 
 
Accessing Fund Information Online    

 

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a trademark owned by CFA Institute.

25


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

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Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 073 022012


 

Vanguard WindsorII Fund

Prospectus

 

February 27, 2012

Admiral™ Shares for Participants

Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares (VWNAX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.



The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


 

Contents      
 
 
Fund Summary 1 Financial Highlights 20
More on the Fund 6 Investing With Vanguard 22
The Fund and Vanguard 13 Accessing Fund Information Online 25
Investment Advisors 14 Glossary of Investment Terms 26
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes 17    
Share Price 18    

 


 

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Admiral Shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees  
(Fees paid directly from your investment)  
 
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None
Purchase Fee None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None
Redemption Fee None

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Expenses 0.25%
12b-1 Distribution Fee None
Other Expenses 0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 0.27%

 

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Shares provide a return of 5% a year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. The results apply whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$28 $87 $152 $343
 

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 23%.

Primary Investment Strategies

The Fund invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. The Fund uses multiple investment advisors.

Primary Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. The Fund’s performance could be hurt by:

Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

 

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares


During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.85% (quarter ended June 30, 2003), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.58% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2011    
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares 2.78% –1.27% 4.33%
Comparative Indexes      
(reflect no deduction for fees or expenses)      
Russell 1000 Value Index 0.39% –2.64% 3.89%
Standard & Poor’s 500 Index 2.11 –0.25 2.92
 

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Investment Advisors

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC Lazard Asset Management LLC

Sanders Capital, LLC

The Vanguard Group, Inc.

Portfolio Managers

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007.

John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012).

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012.

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Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the primary risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This prospectus offers the Fund‘s Admiral Shares and is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or savings plans. Another version—for investors who would like to open a personal investment account—can be obtained by calling Vanguard at 800-662-7447.

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses
 
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees and
Expenses section, Vanguard Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio
would be 0.27%, or $2.70 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average
expense ratio for large-cap value funds in 2010 was 1.27%, or $12.70 per $1,000
of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports
on the mutual fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing
 
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That’s because
you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund,
plus any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These
costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital
appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,
over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund’s performance.

 

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The following sections explain the primary investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in the common stocks of large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisors will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by an advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Typically, the Fund spreads its assets over a broadly diversified group of companies.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund as of October 31, 2011, was $44.6 billion.


The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the Standard & Poor‘s 500 Index, a widely used barometer of market activity. (Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

U.S. Stock Market Returns        
(1926–2011)        
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years
Best 54.2% 28.6% 19.9% 17.8%
Worst –43.1 –12.4 –1.4 3.1
Average 11.7 9.9 10.5 11.2

 

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The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2011. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 9.9%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

 

Plain Talk About Growth Funds and Value Funds
 
Growth investing and value investing are two styles employed by stock-fund
managers. Growth funds generally focus on stocks of companies believed to
have above-average potential for growth in revenue, earnings, cash flow, or other
similar criteria. These stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average
prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. Value funds
typically emphasize stocks whose prices are below average in relation to those
measures; these stocks often have above-average dividend yields. Growth and
value stocks have historically produced similar long-term returns, though each
category has periods when it outperforms the other.

 


The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

Security Selection

The Fund uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Fund.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.

Although each advisor uses a different process to select securities, each is committed to investing in large- and mid-cap stocks that, in the advisor’s opinion, are undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

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Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley), which manages approximately 61% of the Fund’s assets, uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. A security will be sold when, in the advisor’s opinion, its share price accurately reflects the security’s overall worth. At that point, another undervalued security will be chosen. Barrow, Hanley looks for individual stocks that reflect these value characteristics: price/ earnings and price/book ratios below the market, and dividend yield above the market.

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard), which manages approximately 18% of the Fund’s assets, employs a relative value approach that seeks a combination of attractive valuation and high financial productivity. The process is research-driven, relying upon bottom-up stock analysis performed by the firm’s global sector analysts.

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders), which manages approximately 9% of the Fund’s assets, uses a traditional, bottom-up, fundamental research approach. The investment process focuses on identifying securities that are undervalued relative to Sanders’ determination of their expected total return. Sanders’ valuation analysis starts with a discounted analysis of free cash flows, ranks securities by expected returns, and then applies systematic risk controls.

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley), which manages approximately 6% of the Fund’s assets, invests mainly in mid- to large-cap common stocks with value-oriented characteristics. The advisor follows a disciplined investment approach, focusing on investment parameters such as a company’s tangible assets, sustainable cash flow, and potential for improving business performance.

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (Armstrong Shaw), which manages approximately 4% of the Fund’s assets, constructs a portfolio of large-capitalization stocks using a combination of fundamental and qualitative criteria to identify individual companies for potential investment. The firm’s disciplined, absolute-value-based approach determines the intrinsic value of a company through an analysis of its cash flow or an appraisal of its assets. Candidates for purchase are stocks that, in the opinion of the advisor, are issued by high quality companies and are selling at a substantial discount to the estimated intrinsic value.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), manages less than 1% of the Fund’s assets by constructing a portfolio of large- and mid-cap domestic value stocks based on its assessment of each stock’s relative return potential. The advisor selects stocks that it believes offer a good balance between reasonable valuations and attractive growth prospects relative to their peers. Vanguard implements its stock-selection process through the use of proprietary software programs that compare thousands of securities at a time.

In addition, Vanguard manages approximately 2% of the Fund’s assets to facilitate cash flows to and from the Fund’s advisors. Vanguard typically invests this portion of

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the Fund’s assets by investing in stock index futures and/or shares of exchange-traded funds. For more details, see “Other Investment Policies and Risks.”


Because the Fund tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Fund is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.


The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Fund to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

In addition to investing in undervalued common stocks, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.

Although the Fund typically does not make significant investments in foreign securities, it reserves the right to invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Fund is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, fixed income securities, convertible securities, and other equity securities, such as preferred stocks. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in restricted securities with limited marketability or in other illiquid securities.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, bond, or currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of the underlying securities, assets, or market indexes. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are a type of derivative. A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an agreement to

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buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value during foreign market downswings. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts subject the Fund to counterparty risk, which is the risk of non-performance by the counterparty, potentially resulting in delayed or partial payment or even non-payment of amounts due under contract.

Plain Talk About Derivatives
 
Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives, such as exchange-
traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes, have been
trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are
standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market
values are determined and published daily. Nonstandardized derivatives (such as
swap agreements), on the other hand, tend to be more specialized or complex,
and may be harder to value.

 

Vanguard typically invests a small portion of the Fund’s assets in stock index futures, which are a type of derivative, and/or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard stock funds. Stock index futures and ETFs provide returns similar to those of common stocks. Vanguard may purchase futures or ETFs when doing so will reduce the Fund’s transaction costs or add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from investing Fund assets in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Fund assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Fund its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are

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consistent with the Fund’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case if the Fund is transitioning assets from one advisor to another or receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

In addition, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash, commercial paper, or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because of a history of frequent trading by the investor or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

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• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, a participant from exchanging into a fund account for 60 calendar days after the participant has exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each fund (other than money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will, when appropriate, use fair-value pricing, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. The average turnover rate for large-cap value funds was approximately 56%, as reported by Morningstar, Inc., on October 31, 2011.

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate
 
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This gives
an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s
expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the
volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with
high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains that must be
distributed to shareholders.

 

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 170 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $1.6 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and advertising.

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Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group’s marketing costs.

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure
 
The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by
the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.
Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be
owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors
who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by
these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost
of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member
funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the
funds’ expenses low.

 

Investment Advisors

The Fund uses a multimanager approach. Each advisor independently manages its assigned portion of the Fund’s assets, subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard and the Fund’s board of trustees. The board of trustees designates the proportion of Fund assets to be managed by each advisor and may change these proportions at any time.

• Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc., 45 Grove Street, New Canaan, CT 06840, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1984. As of October 31, 2011, Armstrong Shaw managed approximately $2.2 billion in assets.

• Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, 2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1979. As of October 31, 2011, Barrow, Hanley managed approximately $53 billion in assets.

• Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, 725 South Figueroa Street, 39th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017, is an investment advisory firm founded in 1980. As of October 31, 2011, Hotchkis and Wiley managed approximately $14.4 billion in assets.

• Lazard Asset Management LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, is an investment management firm and wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC. As of October 31, 2011, Lazard managed approximately $121 billion in assets.

• Sanders Capital, LLC, 375 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10152, is an investment advisory firm founded in 2009. As of October 31, 2011, Sanders managed approximately $4.7 billion in assets.

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• The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Investment Group. As of October 31, 2011, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $1.3 trillion in assets.

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Armstrong Shaw), the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard). When the performance adjustment is positive, the Fund’s expenses increase; when it is negative, expenses decrease.

Vanguard provides advisory services to the Fund on an at-cost basis. Vanguard’s performance is evaluated against the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the aggregate advisory fees and expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund’s average net assets before a performance-based decrease of 0.01%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, The Vanguard Group may provide additional investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

 

Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group is overseen by:

George U. Sauter, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Vanguard. As Chief Investment Officer, he is responsible for the oversight of Vanguard’s Equity Investment and Fixed Income Groups. The investments managed by these two groups include active quantitative equity funds, equity index funds, active bond

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funds, index bond funds, stable value portfolios, and money market funds. Since joining Vanguard in 1987, Mr. Sauter has been a key contributor to the development of Vanguard’s stock indexing and active quantitative equity investment strategies. He received his A.B. in Economics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago.

Sandip A. Bhagat, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and head of Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group. He has oversight responsibility for all active quantitative equity funds and all equity index funds managed by the Equity Investment Group. He has managed investment portfolios since 1987 and has been with Vanguard since 2009. He received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Bombay, India, and an M.S. in Chemical Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Jeffrey M. Shaw, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer, and Co-Founder of Armstrong Shaw. He has worked in investment management since 1984 and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006. Education: B.S., Princeton University; M.B.A., Harvard Business School.

James P. Barrow, Founding Partner of Barrow, Hanley. He has managed investment portfolios since 1963; has been with Barrow, Hanley since 1979; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 1985. Education: B.S., University of South Carolina.

George H. Davis, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1983; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1988; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A. and M.B.A., Stanford University.

Sheldon J. Lieberman, Principal of Hotchkis and Wiley. He has worked in investment management since 1986; has been with Hotchkis and Wiley since 1994; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2003. Education: B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; M.B.A., California State University, Northridge.

Christopher Blake, Managing Director of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.S.B.A., University of Denver.

Andrew Lacey, Deputy Chairman of Lazard. He has worked in investment management for Lazard since 1995 and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2007. Education: B.A., Wesleyan University; M.B.A., Columbia University.

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John P. Mahedy, CPA, Director of Research and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1988; has managed investment portfolios since 2001; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S. and M.B.A., New York University.

Lewis A. Sanders, CFA, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Sanders. He has worked in investment management since 1968; has managed investment portfolios since 1981; has been with Sanders since 2009; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2010. Education: B.S., Columbia University.

James D. Troyer, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed investment portfolios since 1986; has been with Vanguard since 1989; and has managed a portion of the Fund since 2006 (co-managed since 2012). Education: A.B., Occidental College.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1982; has worked in investment management since 1996; has managed investment portfolios since 2003; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Susquehanna University; M.B.A., Saint Joseph’s University.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1998; has worked in investment management since 2001; and has co-managed a portion of the Fund since 2012. Education: B.S., Bloomsburg University; M.S., Drexel University.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December.

Your distributions will be reinvested in additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You should consult your plan administrator, your plan’s Summary Plan Description, or your tax advisor about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.

17


 

Plain Talk About Distributions
 
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest
and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments. Income
consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock holdings and the
interest it receives from any money market and bond investments. Capital gains are
realized whenever the fund sells securities for higher prices than it paid for them.
These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the
fund held the securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

 

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Fund‘s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party. The values of any mutual fund shares held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security). A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement), or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may be

 

18


 

used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

19


 

Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Admiral Shares‘ financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Admiral Share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Admiral Shares (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report online at vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table
 
The Admiral Shares began fiscal year 2011 with a net asset value (price) of $43.26
per share. During the year, each Admiral Share earned $1.025 from investment
income (interest and dividends) and $2.264 from investments that had appreciated
in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for them.
 
Shareholders received $0.959 per share in the form of dividend distributions. A
portion of each year’s distributions may come from the prior year’s income or
capital gains.
 
The share price at the end of the year was $45.59, reflecting earnings of $3.289
per share and distributions of $0.959 per share. This was an increase of $2.33 per
share (from $43.26 at the beginning of the year to $45.59 at the end of the year).
For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more
shares, the total return was 7.56% for the year.
 
As of October 31, 2011, the Admiral Shares had approximately $14.7 billion in net
assets. For the year, the expense ratio was 0.27% ($2.70 per $1,000 of net
assets), and the net investment income amounted to 2.19% of average net
assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 23% of its net assets.

 

20


 


 

Windsor II Fund Admiral Shares          
      Year Ended October 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $43.26 $39.46 $36.51 $67.18 $62.41
Investment Operations          
Net Investment Income 1.025 .914 1.064 1.431 1.491
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)          
on Investments 2.264 3.811 3.112 (24.497) 7.348
Total from Investment Operations 3.289 4.725 4.176 (23.066) 8.839
Distributions          
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.959) (.925) (1.226) (1.473) (1.481)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (6.131) (2.588)
Total Distributions (.959) (.925) (1.226) (7.604) (4.069)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $45.59 $43.26 $39.46 $36.51 $67.18
Total Return 7.56% 12.12% 12.09% –37.94% 14.71%
Ratios/Supplemental Data          
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) $14,771 $13,381 $12,060 $11,611 $20,250
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets1 0.27% 0.27% 0.27% 0.22% 0.23%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to          
Average Net Assets 2.19% 2.16% 3.07% 2.76% 2.29%
Portfolio Turnover Rate 23% 29% 41% 37% 51%

 

1 Includes performance-based investment advisory fee increases (decreases) of (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), (0.01%), and 0.01%.

 

21


 

Investing With Vanguard

The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Investment Options and Allocations

Your plan’s specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or how your contributions are allocated among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

Transactions

Transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, exchange, or redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing timeframes for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined NAV of the Fund‘s Admiral Shares. If your transaction request was received in good order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day’s NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days the NYSE is open for trading.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper, and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

22


 

Frequent-Trading Limitations

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging out of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds), you must wait 60 days before exchanging back into the fund. This policy applies, regardless of the dollar amount. Please note that the 60-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

The frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following: exchange requests submitted by mail to Vanguard (exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations); exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; share or asset transfers or rollovers; reregistrations of shares within the same fund; conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; and automated transactions executed during the first six months of a participant’s enrollment in the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan, consider the following:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

• Be sure to read the Fund’s prospectus. Contact Vanguard Participant Services, toll-free, at 800-523-1188 for a copy.

• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper: If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan’s recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the

23


 

intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants’ trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any transaction request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a transaction request.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Uncashed Checks

Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks.

Portfolio Holdings

We generally post on our website at vanguard.com, in the Portfolio section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, a detailed list of the securities held by the Fund as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Vanguard may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the Fund. We also generally post the ten largest stock portfolio holdings of the Fund and the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents, as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter. This list is generally updated within 15 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

24


 

Additional Information        
    Newspaper Vanguard CUSIP
  Inception Date Abbreviation Fund Number Number
Windsor II Fund        
Admiral Shares 5/14/2001 WdsrIIAdml 573 922018304
  (Investor Shares      
  6/24/1985)      
 
 
Accessing Fund Information Online    

 

Vanguard Online at Vanguard.com

Visit Vanguard’s education-oriented website for access to timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services and easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and retirement strategies.

CFA® is a trademark owned by CFA Institute.

25


 

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is entitled to share in the company’s profits, some of which may be paid out as dividends.

Dividend Distribution. Payment to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/ earnings ratio of 10.

Principal. The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

Russell 1000 Value Index. An index that measures the investment performance of domestic large-capitalization value stocks.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

26


 

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

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Institutional Division
P.O. Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900

Connect with Vanguard® > vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Windsor II Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit vanguard.com or contact us as follows:

The Vanguard Group Participant Services P.O. Box 2900 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Telephone: 800-523-1188

Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

You can review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-834

© 2012 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 573 022012


 

PART B

VANGUARD® WINDSORFUNDS

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

February 27, 2012

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus (dated February 27, 2012). To obtain, without charge, a prospectus or the most recent Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the Fund’s financial statements as hereby incorporated by reference, please contact The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard).

Phone: Investor Information Department at 800-662-7447
Online: vanguard.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description of the Trust B-1
Fundamental Policies B-3
Investment Strategies and Nonfundamental Policies B-4
Share Price B-19
Purchase and Redemption of Shares B-19
Management of the Funds B-20
Investment Advisory Services B-33
Portfolio Transactions B-44
Proxy Voting Guidelines B-45
Financial Statements B-50

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

Vanguard Windsor Funds (the Trust) currently offers the following funds and share classes (identified by ticker symbol):

  Share Classes1
Fund2 Investor Admiral
Vanguard Windsor Fund VWNDX VWNEX
Vanguard Windsor II Fund VWNFX VWNAX
1 Individually, a class; collectively, the classes.    
2 Individually, a Fund; collectively, the Funds.    

 

The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares. There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that may be issued for a single fund or class of shares.

Organization

The Trust was organized as Wellington Equity Fund, Inc., a Delaware corporation, in 1958. It was reorganized as a Maryland corporation in 1973 and subsequently was reorganized as a Pennsylvania business trust in 1985. The Trust then was reorganized as a Maryland corporation later in 1985 and, finally, was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1998. Prior to its reorganization as a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust was known as Vanguard/Windsor Funds, Inc. The Trust is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end management investment company. All Funds within the Trust are classified as diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

B-1


 

Service Providers

Custodian. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109, serves as the Funds‘ custodian. The custodian is responsible for maintaining the Funds‘ assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any foreign subcustodians or foreign securities depositories.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Two Commerce Square, Suite 1700, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, serves as the Funds‘ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Funds‘ annual financial statements and provides other related services.

Transfer and Dividend-Paying Agent. The Funds‘ transfer agent and dividend-paying agent is Vanguard, P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

Characteristics of the Funds‘ Shares

Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares. There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of a Fund’s shares, other than those described in the Fund’s current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund or class may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or class or by liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Fund or class. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, each Fund and share class will continue indefinitely.

Shareholder Liability. The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. This means that a shareholder of a Fund generally will not be personally liable for payment of the Fund’s debts. Some state courts, however, may not apply Delaware law on this point. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is remote.

Dividend Rights. The shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared by the Fund for each such class. No shares of a Fund have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund and will be paid ratably to all shareholders of a particular class according to the number of shares of the class held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the net asset values of the different classes and differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.

Voting Rights. Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if (1) the matter concerns an amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the shares of a Fund or any class; (2) the trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder vote; (3) a merger or consolidation, share conversion, share exchange, or sale of assets is proposed and a shareholder vote is required by the 1940 Act to approve the transaction; or (4) a shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires a shareholder vote under various circumstances, including to elect or remove trustees upon the written request of shareholders representing 10% or more of a Fund’s net assets, to change any fundamental policy of a Fund, and to enter into certain merger transactions. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, shareholders of a Fund receive one vote for each dollar of net asset value owned on the record date, and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the shares of the Fund or class affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that matter. In addition, each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another. Voting rights are noncumulative and cannot be modified without a majority vote.

Liquidation Rights. In the event that a Fund is liquidated, shareholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets. In the event that a class of shares is liquidated, shareholders of that class will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets that are allocated to that class. Shareholders may receive cash, securities, or a combination of the two.

Preemptive Rights. There are no preemptive rights associated with the Funds‘ shares.

Conversion Rights. Fund shareholders may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements as described in the Fund’s current prospectus.

B-2


 

Redemption Provisions. Each Fund’s redemption provisions are described in its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information.

Sinking Fund Provisions. The Funds have no sinking fund provisions.

Calls or Assessment. Each Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

Tax Status of the Funds

Each Fund expects to qualify each year as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC). This special tax status means that the Fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, each Fund must comply with certain requirements. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements in any taxable year, the Fund will, in some cases, be able to cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund is ineligible to or otherwise does not cure such failure for any year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated investment company.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Corporations must satisfy certain requirements in order to claim the deduction. Capital gains distributed by the Funds are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Each Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment policies, which cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s shares. For these purposes, a “majority” of shares means shares representing the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the Fund’s net assets voted, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets.

Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Commodities. Each Fund may invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Diversification. With respect to 75% of its total assets, each Fund may not: (1) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer; or (2) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities. This limitation does not apply to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

Industry Concentration. Each Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry.

Investment Objective. The investment objective of each Fund may not be materially changed without a shareholder vote.

Loans. Each Fund may make loans to another person only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Real Estate. Each Fund may not invest directly in real estate unless it is acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments (1) issued by companies that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate; or (2) backed or secured by real estate or interests in real estate.

Senior Securities. Each Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Underwriting. Each Fund may not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act), in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

B-3


 

Compliance with the fundamental policies previously described is generally measured at the time the securities are purchased. Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act (as is the case with borrowing), if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time the investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. All fundamental policies must comply with applicable regulatory requirements. For more details, see “Investment Strategies and Nonfundamental Policies.”

None of these policies prevents the Funds from having an ownership interest in Vanguard. As a part owner of Vanguard, each Fund may own securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to Vanguard’s costs or other financial requirements. See “Management of the Funds” for more information.

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND NONFUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Some of the investment strategies and policies described on the following pages and in each Fund’s prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund’s investment in, or holdings of, certain securities or other assets. Unless otherwise required by law, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such securities or assets by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund’s investment strategies and policies.

The following investment strategies and policies supplement each Fund’s investment strategies and policies set forth in the prospectus. With respect to the different investments discussed as follows, a Fund may acquire such investments to the extent consistent with its investment strategies and policies.

Borrowing. A fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations; by the 1940 Act; and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include entering into reverse repurchase agreements; engaging in mortgage-dollar-roll transactions; selling securities short (other than short sales “against-the-box”); buying and selling certain derivatives (such as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and standby-commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions; and other similar trading practices. (Additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found on the following pages.) A borrowing transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund maintains an offsetting financial position; segregates liquid assets (with such liquidity determined by the advisor in accordance with procedures established by the board of trustees) equal (as determined on a daily mark-to-market basis) in value to the fund’s potential economic exposure under the borrowing transaction; or otherwise “covers” the transaction in accordance with applicable SEC guidance (collectively, “covers” the transaction). A fund may have to buy or sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price in order to cover a borrowing transaction. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or for other purposes.

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Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds, other debt holders, and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities typically consist of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted (on a voluntary or mandatory basis) within a specified period of time (normally for the entire life of the security) into a certain amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a predetermined price. Convertible securities also include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and derivatives combining the features of debt securities and equity securities. Other convertible securities with features and risks not specifically referred to herein may become available in the future. Convertible securities involve risks similar to those of both fixed income and equity securities. In a corporation’s capital structure, convertible securities are senior to common stock, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” and its “conversion value.” A security’s “investment value” represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible fixed income security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer, and the seniority of the security in the issuer’s capital structure. A security’s “conversion value” is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security. If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that circumstance, the convertible security takes on the characteristics of a bond, and its price moves in the opposite direction from interest rates. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that case, the convertible security’s price may be as volatile as that of common stock. Because both interest rates and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying equity security. Convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or are not rated, and they are generally subject to a high degree of credit risk.

Although all markets are prone to change over time, the generally high rate at which convertible securities are retired (through mandatory or scheduled conversions by issuers or through voluntary redemptions by holders) and replaced with newly issued convertibles may cause the convertible securities market to change more rapidly than other markets. For example, a concentration of available convertible securities in a few economic sectors could elevate the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the specific risks of those sectors. Moreover, convertible securities with innovative structures, such as mandatory-conversion securities and equity-linked securities, have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price set in the governing instrument of the convertible security. If a convertible security held by a fund is subject to such redemption option and is called for redemption, the fund must allow the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell the security to a third party.

Debt Securities. A debt security, sometimes called a fixed income security, is a security consisting of a certificate or other evidence of a debt (secured or unsecured) on which the issuing company or governmental body promises to pay the holder thereof a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest for a specified length of time, and to repay the debt on the specified maturity date. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, do not make regular interest payments but are issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Debt securities include a variety of fixed income obligations, including, but not limited to, corporate bonds, government securities, municipal securities, convertible securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. Debt securities include investment-grade securities, non-investment-grade securities, and unrated securities. Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, call/prepayment risk, inflation risk, credit risk, and (in the case of foreign securities) country risk and currency risk. The reorganization of an issuer under the federal bankruptcy laws may result in the issuer’s debt securities

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being cancelled without repayment, repaid only in part, or repaid in part or in whole through an exchange thereof for any combination of cash, debt securities, convertible securities, equity securities, or other instruments or rights in respect of the same issuer or a related entity.

Debt Securities — Non-Investment-Grade Securities. Non-investment-grade securities, also referred to as “high-yield securities” or “junk bonds,” are debt securities that are rated lower than the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (for example, lower than Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or below BBB– by Standard & Poor’s) or are determined to be of comparable quality by the fund’s advisor. These securities are generally considered to be, on balance, predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and they will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the investment-grade categories. Non-investment-grade securities generally provide greater income and opportunity for capital appreciation than higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk.

Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high-yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of investment-grade securities. Thus, reliance on credit ratings in making investment decisions entails greater risks for high-yield securities than for investment-grade debt securities. The success of a fund’s advisor in managing high-yield securities is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade securities.

Some high-yield securities are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring such as an acquisition, merger, or leveraged buyout. Companies that issue high-yield securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with investment-grade securities. Some high-yield securities were once rated as investment grade but have been downgraded to junk-bond status because of financial difficulties experienced by their issuers.

The market values of high-yield securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do investment-grade securities, which in general react to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. High-yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are investment-grade securities. A projection of an economic downturn or of a sustained period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in junk-bond prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high-yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, a fund investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.

The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the ability of a fund to sell a high-yield security or the price at which a fund could sell a high-yield security, and it could also adversely affect the daily net asset value of fund shares. When secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.

Except as otherwise provided in a fund’s prospectus, if a credit-rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by a fund, the fund may retain the portfolio security if the advisor deems it in the best interests of shareholders.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a “depository.” Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and they are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (sponsored and unsponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants.

A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of non-objection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the

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facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.

Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request.

For purposes of a fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

Derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on—or “derived from”—the values of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying references, such as commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and related indexes. Derivatives include futures contracts and options on futures contracts, forward-commitment transactions, options on securities, caps, floors, collars, swap agreements, and other financial instruments. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as swap agreements, are privately negotiated and entered into in the over-the-counter (OTC) market. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), certain swap agreements may be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. New regulations could, among other things, increase the costs of such transactions. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities, assets, or market indexes on which the derivatives are based. Derivatives are used by some investors for speculative purposes. Derivatives also may be used for a variety of purposes that do not constitute speculation, such as hedging, risk management, seeking to stay fully invested, seeking to reduce transaction costs, seeking to simulate an investment in equity or debt securities or other investments, seeking to add value by using derivatives to more efficiently implement portfolio positions when derivatives are favorably priced relative to equity or debt securities or other investments, and for other purposes. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a fund’s advisor will succeed. The counterparties to the funds’ derivatives will not be considered the issuers thereof for purposes of certain provisions of the 1940 Act and the IRC, although such derivatives may qualify as securities or investments under such laws. The funds’ advisors, however, will monitor and adjust, as appropriate, the funds’ credit risk exposure to derivative counterparties.

Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions.

The use of derivatives generally involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party to the contract (usually referred to as a “counterparty”) or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. Additionally, the use of credit derivatives can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit derivative is based.

Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.

Derivatives may be subject to pricing or “basis” risk, which exists when a particular derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market

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conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity.

Because many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Like most other investments, derivative instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other financial or economic factors in establishing derivative positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a derivative as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the derivative will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many derivatives (in particular, OTC derivatives) are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

Exchange-Traded Funds. A fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by other Vanguard funds. Typically, a fund would purchase ETF shares for the same reason it would purchase (and as an alternative to purchasing) futures contracts: to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. ETF shares enjoy several advantages over futures. Depending on the market, the holding period, and other factors, ETF shares can be less costly and more tax-efficient than futures. In addition, ETF shares can be purchased for smaller sums, offer exposure to market sectors and styles for which there is no suitable or liquid futures contract, and do not involve leverage.

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or a premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide “circuit breakers” (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage), if the shares are delisted from the exchange without first being listed on another exchange, or if the listing exchange’s officials deem such action appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or to protect investors.

Most ETFs are investment companies. Therefore, a fund’s purchases of ETF shares generally are subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Vanguard ETF®* Shares are exchange-traded shares that represent an interest in an investment portfolio held by Vanguard funds. A fund’s investments in Vanguard ETF Shares are also generally subject to the descriptions, limitations, and risks described under the heading “Other Investment Companies,” except as provided by an exemption granted by the SEC that permits registered investment companies to invest in a Vanguard fund that issues ETF Shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions.

* U.S. Pat. No. 6,879,964 B2; 7,337,138; 7,720,749; 7,925,573; 8,090,646.

Foreign Securities. Typically, foreign securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Securities issued by certain companies organized outside the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if the company’s principal operations are conducted from the United States or when the company’s equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. A fund may make foreign investments either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing

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depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments (depositary receipts) for foreign securities. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. Investing in foreign securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are multiple risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund’s trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of the transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve most favorable execution costs for a fund’s portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, commissions (and other transaction costs) are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities. Certain foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and interest income from foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from the companies making up a fund.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency (as discussed under the heading “Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions,” a fund may attempt to hedge its currency risks). In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred in converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulation, currency devaluations, and political and economic developments.

Foreign Securities — Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and it imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: greater risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets, and possible arbitrary and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency-hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; the fact that companies in emerging market countries may be smaller, less seasoned, or newly organized; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; the risk that it may be more difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Custodial services and other investment-related costs are often more expensive in emerging market countries, which can reduce a fund’s income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers.

Foreign Securities — Foreign Currency Transactions. The value in U.S. dollars of a fund’s non-dollar-denominated foreign securities may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. To seek to

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minimize the impact of such factors on net asset values, a fund may engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. A fund will not speculate in foreign currency exchange and will enter into foreign currency transactions only to attempt to “hedge” the currency risk associated with investing in foreign securities. Although such transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss that would result from a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also may limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase.

Currency exchange transactions may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into with large commercial banks or other currency traders who are participants in the interbank market. Currency exchange transactions also may be effected through the use of swap agreements or other derivatives.

Currency exchange transactions may be considered borrowings. A currency exchange transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of foreign currency involved in underlying security transactions, a fund may be able to protect itself against part or all of the possible loss between trade and settlement dates for that purchase or sale resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “transaction hedging.” In addition, when the advisor reasonably believes that a particular foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, a fund may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “portfolio hedging.” Similarly, when the advisor reasonably believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, a fund may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.

A fund may also attempt to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency futures, options, and “cross-hedge” transactions. In cross-hedge transactions, a fund holding securities denominated in one foreign currency will enter into a forward currency contract to buy or sell a different foreign currency (one that the advisor reasonably believes generally tracks the currency being hedged with regard to price movements). The advisor may select the tracking (or substitute) currency rather than the currency in which the security is denominated for various reasons, including in order to take advantage of pricing or other opportunities presented by the tracking currency or because the market for the tracking currency is more liquid or more efficient. Such cross-hedges are expected to help protect a fund against an increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies.

A fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these assets are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward currency contract. Accordingly, a fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if its advisor’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave a fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because forward currency contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a fund will have flexibility to roll over a forward currency contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

Foreign Securities — Foreign Investment Companies. Some of the countries in which a fund may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Fund investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or authorized investment vehicles, which may

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include other investment companies. Such investments may be made through registered or unregistered closed-end investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are derivatives. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. A security futures contract relates to the sale of a specific quantity of shares of a single equity security or a narrow-based securities index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. The buyer of a futures contract enters into an agreement to purchase the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “long” the contract. The seller of a futures contract enters into an agreement to sell the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which a futures contract is entered into is established either in the electronic marketplace or by open outcry on the floor of an exchange between exchange members acting as traders or brokers. Open futures contracts can be liquidated or closed out by physical delivery of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount on the settlement date, depending on the terms of the particular contract. Some financial futures contracts (such as security futures) provide for physical settlement at maturity. Other financial futures contracts (such as those relating to interest rates, foreign currencies, and broad-based securities indexes) generally provide for cash settlement at maturity. In the case of cash-settled futures contracts, the cash settlement amount is equal to the difference between the final settlement price on the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the contract was entered into. Most futures contracts, however, are not held until maturity but instead are “offset” before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position.

The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures commission merchant (FCM) when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as a percentage of the contract’s market value. If the value of either party’s position declines, that party will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to settle the change in value on a daily basis. This process is known as “marking-to-market.” A futures transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the “exercise” or “strike” price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

A fund that takes the position of a writer of a futures option is required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin with respect to the option, as previously described in the case of futures contracts. A futures option transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Each fund intends to comply with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, under which a mutual fund is conditionally excluded from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator.” A fund will only enter into futures

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contracts and futures options that are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts — Risks. The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, a fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements (and segregation requirements, if applicable) at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, a fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

A fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of future positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment. Treasury futures are generally not subject to such daily limits.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use a futures contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.

A fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM, if, for example, the FCM breaches its agreement with the fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the fund.

Interfund Borrowing and Lending. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting the Vanguard funds to participate in Vanguard’s interfund lending program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction; (2) no equity, taxable bond, or money market fund may loan money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 5%, 7.5%, or 10%, respectively, of its net assets at the time of the loan; and (3) a fund’s interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund’s net assets. In addition, a Vanguard fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the fund’s investment objective and investment policies. The boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible for overseeing the interfund lending program. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.

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Investing for Control. The Vanguard funds invest in securities and other instruments for the sole purpose of achieving a specific investment objective. As such, they do not seek to acquire enough of a company’s outstanding voting stock to have control over management decisions. The Vanguard funds do not invest for the purpose of controlling a company’s management.

Options. An option is a derivative. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a “premium,” the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. The multiplier for an index option determines the size of the investment position the option represents. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. Although this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

The buyer (or holder) of an option is said to be “long” the option, while the seller (or writer) of an option is said to be “short” the option. A call option grants to the holder the right to buy (and obligates the writer to sell) the underlying security at the strike price. A put option grants to the holder the right to sell (and obligates the writer to buy) the underlying security at the strike price. The purchase price of an option is called the “premium.” The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer. The writing of an option will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

If a trading market in particular options were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the funds) would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying instrument moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when options prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying instruments and related instruments. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment, which could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

Other Investment Companies. A fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by applicable law or SEC exemption. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund generally may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company, as long as no investment

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represents more than 3% of the voting stock of an acquired investment company. In addition, no funds for which Vanguard acts as an advisor may, in the aggregate, own more than 10% of the voting stock of a closed-end investment company. The 1940 Act and related rules provide certain exemptions from these restrictions. If a fund invests in other investment companies, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the fund’s expenses (including operating expenses and the fees of the advisor), but also, indirectly, may bear the similar expenses of the underlying investment companies. Certain investment companies, such as business development companies (BDCs), are more akin to operating companies and, as such, their expenses are not direct expenses paid by fund shareholders and are not used to calculate the fund’s net asset value. SEC rules nevertheless require that any expenses incurred by a BDC be included in a fund’s expense ratio as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” The expense ratio of a fund that holds a BDC will need to overstate what the fund actually spends on portfolio management, administrative services, and other shareholder services by an amount equal to these Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in a fund’s financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a fund’s actual operating expenses. Shareholders would also be exposed to the risks associated not only with the investments of the fund, but also with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment companies. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value but also may be traded on the secondary market.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock normally pays dividends at a specified rate and has precedence over common stock in the event the issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy. However, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporation’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or non-cumulative, participating, or auction rate. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer’s common stock. “Participating” preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions allowing the stock to be called or redeemed, which can limit the benefit of a decline in interest rates. Preferred stock is subject to many of the risks to which common stock and debt securities are subject. In addition, preferred stock may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than common stock or debt securities due to the fact that preferred stock may trade less frequently and in more limited volume.

Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a fixed income security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a commercial bank, broker, or dealer, and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The resale price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these transactions, the securities acquired by a fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and be held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the investment advisor will monitor a fund’s repurchase agreement transactions generally and will evaluate the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, or dealer party to a repurchase agreement relating to a fund. The aggregate amount of any such agreements is not limited, except to the extent required by law.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under the bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. For example, if the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within its control and therefore the realization by the fund on such collateral may be automatically stayed. Finally, it is possible that the fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven business days at approximately the value at which they are being carried on a fund’s

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books. The SEC generally limits aggregate holdings of illiquid securities by a mutual fund to 15% of its net assets (5% for money market funds). A fund may experience difficulty valuing and selling illiquid securities and, in some cases, may be unable to value or sell certain illiquid securities for an indefinite period of time. Illiquid securities may include a wide variety of investments, such as (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features), (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), (4) loan interests and other direct debt instruments, (5) municipal lease obligations, (6) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act, and (7) securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws. Illiquid securities include restricted, privately placed securities that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a substantial market develops for a restricted security held by a fund, it may be treated as a liquid security, in accordance with procedures and guidelines approved by the board of trustees. This generally includes securities that are unregistered, that can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, or that are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act, such as commercial paper. Although a fund’s advisor monitors the liquidity of restricted securities, the board of trustees oversees and retains ultimate responsibility for the advisor’s liquidity determinations. Several factors that the trustees consider in monitoring these decisions include the valuation of a security; the availability of qualified institutional buyers, brokers, and dealers that trade in the security; and the availability of information about the security’s issuer.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund sells a security to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at an agreed-upon price and time. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained by the fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the fund that it is obligated to repurchase. A reverse repurchase agreement may be considered a borrowing transaction for purposes of the 1940 Act. A reverse repurchase agreement transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” A fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the advisor. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, a fund’s use of proceeds from the sale may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines if it will honor the fund’s right to repurchase the securities. If the fund is unable to recover the securities it sold in a reverse repurchase agreement, it would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them.

Securities Lending. A fund may lend its investment securities to qualified institutional investors (typically brokers, dealers, banks, or other financial institutions) who may need to borrow securities in order to complete certain transactions, such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities, or completing arbitrage operations. By lending its investment securities, a fund attempts to increase its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the securities lent. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities lent that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the fund. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities lent because of insolvency or other reasons, a fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities lent or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If a fund is not able to recover the securities lent, a fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. The value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities. Investing this cash subjects that investment to market appreciation or depreciation. Currently, Vanguard funds that lend securities invest the cash collateral received in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds.

The terms and the structure of the loan arrangements, as well as the aggregate amount of securities loans, must be consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules or interpretations of the SEC thereunder. These provisions limit the amount of securities a fund may lend to 33 1/3% of the fund’s total assets, and require that (1) the borrower pledge and maintain with the fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government having at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities lent; (2) the borrower add to such

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collateral whenever the price of the securities lent rises (i.e., the borrower “marks-to-market” on a daily basis); (3) the loan be made subject to termination by the fund at any time; and (4) the fund receive reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the fund’s investing any cash collateral in interest-bearing short-term investments), any distribution on the lent securities, and any increase in their market value. Loan arrangements made by each fund will comply with all other applicable regulatory requirements, including the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, which presently require the borrower, after notice, to redeliver the securities within the normal settlement time of three business days. The advisor will consider the creditworthiness of the borrower, among other things, in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to oversight by the board of trustees. At the present time, the SEC does not object if an investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with lent securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and approved by the investment company’s trustees. In addition, voting rights pass with the lent securities, but if a fund has knowledge that a material event will occur affecting securities on loan, and in respect of which the holder of the securities will be entitled to vote or consent, the lender must be entitled to call the loaned securities in time to vote or consent. A fund bears the risk that there may be a delay in the return of the securities, which may impair the fund’s ability to vote on such a matter.

Pursuant to Vanguard’s securities lending policy, Vanguard’s fixed income and money market funds are not permitted to, and do not, lend their investment securities.

Swap Agreements. A swap agreement is a derivative. A swap agreement is an agreement between two parties (counterparties) to exchange payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional amount) with the payments calculated with reference to a specified asset, reference rate, or index.

Examples of swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, excess return swaps, and total return swaps. Most swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted, and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. Swap agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.

An option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium.” A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

The use of swap agreements by a fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap agreement. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.

Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, swap transactions may be subject to a fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

Swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap becomes extraordinarily expensive (or cheap) relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity or to realize the intrinsic value of the swap agreement.

Because some swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged swap

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transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing swap positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many swaps, OTC swaps in particular, are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

The use of a swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.

The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. As previously noted, under the Dodd-Frank Act, certain swaps that may be used by a fund may be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility.

Tax Matters — Federal Tax Discussion. Discussion herein of U.S. federal income tax matters summarizes some of the important, generally applicable U.S. federal tax considerations relevant to investment in a fund based on the IRC, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority. These authorities are subject to change by legislative, administrative, or judicial action, possibly with retroactive effect. A shareholder should consult his or her tax professional regarding the particular situation for information on the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and other taxes.

Tax Matters — Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. A fund’s transactions in derivative instruments (including, but not limited to, options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements), as well as any of the fund’s hedging, short sale, securities loan, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules that affect the treatment of gains or losses recognized by the fund as ordinary or capital. These transactions may also accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the fund, defer losses to the fund, and cause adjustments in the holding period of the fund’s securities.

Tax Matters — Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts. A fund generally must recognize for federal income tax purposes, as of the end of each taxable year, any net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts, as well as any gains and losses actually realized during the year. In these cases, any gain or loss recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to the holding period of the contract. Gains and losses on certain other futures contracts (primarily non-U.S. futures contracts) are not recognized until the contracts are closed and are treated as long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the contract. Sales of futures contracts that are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by a fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on one position, such as futures contracts, to the extent of any unrecognized gains on a related offsetting position held by the fund.

In order for a fund to continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a regulated investment company, at least 90% of its gross income for a taxable year must be derived from qualifying income—i.e., dividends, interest, income derived from securities loans, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to the fund’s business of investing in securities or currencies. It is anticipated that any net gain recognized on futures contracts will be considered qualifying income for purposes of the 90% requirement.

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A fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for federal income tax purposes on futures transactions. Such distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the fund’s other investments and shareholders will be advised on the nature of the distributions.

Tax Matters — Federal Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Transactions. Special rules govern the federal income tax treatment of certain transactions denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar or determined by reference to the value of one or more currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The types of transactions covered by the special rules include the following: (1) the acquisition of, or becoming the obligor under, a bond or other debt instrument (including, to the extent provided in Treasury regulations, preferred stock); (2) the accruing of certain trade receivables and payables; and (3) the entering into or acquisition of any forward contract, futures contract, option, or similar financial instrument if such instrument is not marked-to-market. The disposition of a currency other than the U.S. dollar by a taxpayer whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar is also treated as a transaction subject to the special currency rules. However, foreign-currency-related regulated futures contracts and non-equity options are generally not subject to the special currency rules if they are or would be treated as sold for their fair market value at year end under the marking-to-market rules applicable to other futures contracts unless an election is made to have such currency rules apply. With respect to transactions covered by the special rules, foreign currency gain or loss is calculated separately from any gain or loss on the underlying transaction and is normally taxable as ordinary income or loss. A taxpayer may elect to treat, as capital gain or loss, foreign currency gain or loss arising from certain identified forward contracts, futures contracts, and options that are capital assets in the hands of the taxpayer and that are not part of a straddle. The Treasury Department issued regulations under which certain transactions subject to the special currency rules that are part of a “section 988 hedging transaction” (as defined in the IRC and the Treasury regulations) will be integrated and treated as a single transaction or otherwise treated consistently for purposes of the IRC. Any gain or loss attributable to the foreign currency component of a transaction engaged in by a fund that is not subject to the special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will be treated as a capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction. It is anticipated that some of the non-U.S. dollar-denominated investments and foreign currency contracts a fund may make or enter into will be subject to the special currency rules described within this policy.

Tax Matters — Foreign Tax Credit. Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and interest paid with respect to foreign securities held by a fund. Foreign governments may also impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If, at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund’s total assets are invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through foreign income taxes paid and thereby allow shareholders to take a deduction or, if they meet certain holding period requirements, a tax credit on their tax returns. If shareholders do not meet the holding period requirements, they may still be entitled to a deduction for certain gains that were actually distributed by the fund. Similarly, if, at the close of each quarter of a fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consist of interests in other regulated investment companies, the fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders the foreign income taxes paid by the fund in connection with foreign securities held directly by the fund or held by a regulated investment company in which the fund invests that itself has elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders.

Tax Matters — Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors. U.S. withholding and estate taxes may apply to any investments made by non-U.S. investors in Vanguard funds.

Warrants. Warrants are instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield in which payment and delivery take place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. When purchasing securities pursuant to one of these transactions, payment for the securities is not required until the delivery date. However, the purchaser assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risks of price and yield fluctuations and the risk that the security will not be issued as anticipated. When a fund has sold a security pursuant to one of these transactions, the fund does not participate in further

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gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss. A fund may renegotiate a when-issued or forward-commitment transaction and may sell the underlying securities before delivery, which may result in capital gains or losses for the fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

 

Regulatory restrictions in India. Shares of the Windsor Fund have not been, and will not be, registered under the laws of India, and are not intended to benefit from any laws in India promulgated for the protection of shareholders. Due to regulatory requirements in India, shares of the Fund shall not be knowingly offered to (directly or indirectly) or sold or delivered to (within India); transferred to or purchased by; or held for, on the account of, or for the benefit of (i) a “person resident in India” (as defined in the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999), (ii) a “non-resident Indian,” an “overseas corporate body,” or a “person of Indian origin,” (as each such term is defined in the Foreign Exchange Management (Deposit) Regulations, 2000), or (iii) any other entity or person disqualified or otherwise prohibited from accessing the Indian securities market under applicable laws, as may be amended from time to time. Each investor, prior to purchasing shares of the Fund, must satisfy itself regarding compliance with these requirements.

SHARE PRICE

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, called its net asset value, or NAV, that is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to each share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days the value of the Funds‘ assets may be affected to the extent that the Funds hold foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

The Exchange typically observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr. Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day. Although each Fund expects the same holidays to be observed in the future, the Exchange may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.

PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Purchase of Shares

The purchase price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the purchase request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Redemption of Shares

The redemption price of shares of each Fund is the NAV next determined after the redemption request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Each Fund may suspend redemption privileges or postpone the date of payment for redeemed shares (1) during any period that the Exchange is closed or trading on the Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC; (2) during any period when an emergency exists, as defined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to fairly determine the value of its assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.

The Trust has filed a notice of election with the SEC to pay in cash all redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of a Fund at the beginning of such period.

If Vanguard determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in

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kind of readily marketable securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of such securities received in payment of redemptions.

The Funds do not charge a redemption fee. Shares redeemed may be worth more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the securities held by the Fund.

Right to Change Policies

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

Each Fund has authorized certain agents to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders, and those agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf (collectively, Authorized Agents). A Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an Authorized Agent accepts the order in accordance with the Fund’s instructions. In most instances, a customer order that is properly transmitted to an Authorized Agent will be priced at the NAV next determined after the order is received by the Authorized Agent.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

Vanguard

Each Fund is part of the Vanguard group of investment companies, which consists of more than 170 funds. Through their jointly owned subsidiary, Vanguard, the funds obtain at cost virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services. Vanguard also provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to several of the Vanguard funds.

Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment. Each fund pays its share of Vanguard’s total expenses, which are allocated among the funds under methods approved by the board of trustees of each fund. In addition, each fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees.

The funds’ officers are also officers and employees of Vanguard.

Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation (VMC), the funds’ advisors, and the funds have adopted Codes of Ethics designed to prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the funds (access persons) from profiting from that information. The Codes permit access persons to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be held by a fund, but place substantive and procedural restrictions on the trading activities of access persons. For example, the Codes require that access persons receive advance approval for most securities trades to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the funds.

Vanguard was established and operates under an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. The Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement provides as follows: (1) each Vanguard fund may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its current net assets in Vanguard, and (2) there is no other limitation on the dollar amount that each Vanguard fund may contribute to Vanguard’s capitalization. The amounts that each fund has invested are adjusted from time to

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time in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each fund’s relative net assets and its contribution to Vanguard’s capital.

As of October 31, 2011, each Fund had contributed capital to Vanguard as follows:

  Capital Percentage of Percent of
  Contribution Fund’s Average Vanguard’s
Vanguard Fund to Vanguard Net Assets Capitalization
Windsor Fund $1,871,000 0.02% 0.75%
Windsor II Fund 5,314,000 0.02 2.13

 

 

Management. Corporate management and administrative services include (1) executive staff, (2) accounting and financial, (3) legal and regulatory, (4) shareholder account maintenance, (5) monitoring and control of custodian relationships, (6) shareholder reporting, and (7) review and evaluation of advisory and other services provided to the funds by third parties.

Distribution. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, 400 Devon Park Drive A39, Wayne, PA 19087, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard, is the principal underwriter for the funds and in that capacity performs and finances marketing, promotional, and distribution activities (collectively, marketing and distribution activities) that are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares. VMC performs marketing and distribution activities at cost in accordance with the conditions of a 1981 SEC exemptive order that permits the Vanguard funds to internalize and jointly finance the marketing, promotion, and distribution of their shares. The funds’ trustees review and approve the marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the funds, including the nature and cost of the activities and the desirability of each fund’s continued participation in the joint arrangement.

To ensure that each fund’s participation in the joint arrangement falls within a reasonable range of fairness, each fund contributes to VMC’s marketing and distribution expenses in accordance with an SEC-approved formula. Under that formula, one half of the marketing and distribution expenses are allocated among the funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining half of those expenses is allocated among the funds based upon each fund’s sales for the preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the funds as a group; provided, however, that no fund’s aggregate quarterly rate of contribution for marketing and distribution expenses shall exceed 125% of the average marketing and distribution expense rate for Vanguard, and that no fund shall incur annual marketing and distribution expenses in excess of 0.20% of its average month-end net assets. Each fund’s contribution to these marketing and distribution expenses helps to maintain and enhance the attractiveness and viability of the Vanguard complex as a whole, which benefits all of the funds and their shareholders.

VMC’s principal marketing and distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional materials, and marketing personnel.

Other marketing and distribution activities that VMC undertakes on behalf of the funds may include, but are not limited to:

  • Conducting or publishing Vanguard-generated research and analysis concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy;
  • Providing views, opinions, advice, or commentary concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy;
  • Providing analytical, statistical, performance, or other information concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy;
  • Providing administrative services in connection with investments in the funds or other investments, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services, and educational services;
  • Providing products or services that assist investors or financial service providers (as defined below) in the investment decision-making process;
  • Providing promotional discounts, commission-free trading, fee waivers, and other benefits to clients of Vanguard Brokerage Services® who maintain qualifying investments in the funds; and
  • Sponsoring, jointly sponsoring, financially supporting, or participating in conferences, programs, seminars, presentations, meetings, or other events involving fund shareholders, financial service providers, or others concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy, such as industry conferences, prospecting trips, due diligence visits, training or education meetings, and sales presentations.

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VMC performs most marketing and distribution activities itself. Some activities may be conducted by third parties pursuant to shared marketing arrangements under which VMC agrees to share the costs and performance of marketing and distribution activities in concert with a financial service provider. Financial service providers include, but are not limited to, investment advisors, broker-dealers, financial planners, financial consultants, banks, and insurance companies. Under these cost- and performance-sharing arrangements, VMC may pay or reimburse a financial service provider (or a third party it retains) for marketing and distribution activities that VMC would otherwise perform. VMC’s cost- and performance-sharing arrangements may be established in connection with Vanguard investment products or services offered or provided to or through the financial service providers. VMC’s arrangements for shared marketing and distribution activities may vary among financial service providers, and its payments or reimbursements to financial service providers in connection with shared marketing and distribution activities may be significant. VMC does not participate in the offshore arrangement Vanguard has established with a third party to provide marketing, promotional, and other services to qualifying Vanguard funds that are distributed in certain foreign countries on a private-placement basis to government-sponsored and other institutional investors. In exchange for such services, the third party receives an annual base (fixed) fee, and may also receive discretionary fees or performance adjustments.

In connection with its marketing and distribution activities, VMC may give financial service providers (or their representatives) (1) promotional items of nominal value that display Vanguard’s logo, such as golf balls, shirts, towels, pens, and mouse pads; (2) gifts that do not exceed $100 per person annually and are not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; (3) an occasional meal, a ticket to a sporting event or the theater, or comparable entertainment that is neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of propriety and is not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; and (4) reasonable travel and lodging accommodations to facilitate participation in marketing and distribution activities.

VMC, as a matter of policy, does not pay asset-based fees, sales-based fees, or account-based fees to financial service providers in connection with its marketing and distribution activities for the Vanguard funds. VMC policy also prohibits marketing and distribution activities that are intended, designed, or likely to compromise suitability determinations by, or the fulfillment of any fiduciary duties or other obligations that apply to, financial service providers. Nonetheless, VMC’s marketing and distribution activities are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares, and, as such, its activities, including shared marketing and distribution activities, may influence participating financial service providers (or their representatives) to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. In addition, Vanguard or any of its subsidiaries may retain a financial service provider to provide consulting or other services, and that financial service provider also may provide services to investors. Investors should consider the possibility that any of these activities or relationships may influence a financial service provider’s (or its representatives’) decision to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. Each financial service provider should consider its suitability determinations, fiduciary duties, and other legal obligations (or those of its representatives) in connection with any decision to consider, recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class.

The following table describes the expenses of Vanguard and VMC that are incurred by the Funds on an at-cost basis. Amounts captioned “Management and Administrative Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the management, administrative, and transfer agency services Vanguard provides to the funds. Amounts captioned “Marketing and Distribution Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the marketing and distribution activities that VMC conducts on behalf of the Vanguard funds.

As is the case with all mutual funds, transaction costs incurred by the Funds for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses are based on expenses incurred in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and are presented as a percentage of each Fund‘s average month-end net assets.

Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses
(Shared Expenses Deducted from Fund Assets)
Vanguard Fund 2009 2010 2011
Windsor Fund      
Management and Administrative Expenses: 0.17% 0.17% 0.16%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses: 0.03 0.02 0.02
Windsor II Fund      
Management and Administrative Expenses: 0.17% 0.16% 0.16%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses: 0.03 0.02 0.02
 

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Each Fund’s investment advisors may direct certain security trades, subject to obtaining the best price and execution, to brokers who have agreed to rebate to the Funds part of the commissions generated. Such rebates are used solely to reduce the Funds‘ management and administrative expenses and are not reflected in these totals.

Officers and Trustees

Each Vanguard fund is governed by the board of trustees of its trust and a single set of officers. Consistent with the board’s corporate governance principles, the trustees believe that their primary responsibility is oversight of the management of each fund for the benefit of its shareholders, not day-to-day management. The trustees set broad policies for the funds; select investment advisors; monitor fund operations, regulatory compliance, performance, and costs; nominate and select new trustees; and elect fund officers. Vanguard manages the day-to-day operations of the funds under the direction of the board of trustees.

The trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the funds. The trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the funds to various groups, including portfolio review, investment management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and fund financial services. These groups provide the trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The trustees also oversee risk management for the funds through regular interactions with the funds’ internal and external auditors.

The full board participates in the funds’ risk oversight, in part, through the Vanguard funds’ compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: investment and other operations; recordkeeping; valuation and pricing; communications and disclosure; reporting and accounting; oversight of service providers; fund governance; and codes of ethics, insider trading controls, and protection of nonpublic information. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the funds. The funds’ chief compliance officer regularly provides reports to the board in writing and in person.

The audit committee of the board, which is composed of all independent trustees, oversees management of financial risks and controls. The audit committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the funds and the board with respect to financial statements and financial-reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. The head of internal audit reports directly to the audit committee and provides reports to the committee in writing and in person on a regular basis. Although the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the entire board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.

All of the trustees bring to each fund’s board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives (in many cases chief executive officers), board members, and leaders of diverse public operating companies, academic institutions, and other organizations. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a trustee of the funds, the board considers a wide variety of information about the trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the board’s decision. Each trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the funds and their shareholders because each trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the board. The board also considers the individual experience of each trustee and determines that the trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the board. The business acumen, experience, and objective thinking of the trustees are considered invaluable assets for Vanguard management and, ultimately, the Vanguard funds’ shareholders. The specific roles and experience of each board member that factor into this determination are presented on the following pages. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

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        Number of
    Vanguard Principal Occupation(s) Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ and Outside Directorships Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held with Funds Officer Since During the Past Five Years Trustee/Officer
Interested Trustee1        
F. William McNabb III Chairman of the July 2009 Mr. McNabb has served as Chairman of the Board of 179
(1957) Board, Chief   Vanguard and of each of the investment companies  
  Executive Officer,   served by Vanguard, since January 2010; Trustee of  
  and President   each of the investment companies served by  
      Vanguard, since 2009; Director of Vanguard since  
      2008; and Chief Executive Officer and President of  
      Vanguard and of each of the investment companies  
      served by Vanguard, since 2008. Mr. McNabb also  
      serves as Director of Vanguard Marketing Corporation.  
      Mr. McNabb served as a Managing Director of  
      Vanguard from 1995 to 2008. Mr. McNabb’s 25 years  
      with Vanguard and his position as chief executive  
      officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds give him  
      intimate experience with the day-to-day management  
      and operations of the Vanguard funds.  

 

1 Mr. McNabb is considered an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because he is an officer of the Trust.

Independent Trustees        
Emerson U. Fullwood Trustee January 2008 Mr. Fullwood is the former Executive Chief Staff and 179
(1948)     Marketing Officer for North America and Corporate  
      Vice President (retired 2008) of Xerox Corporation  
      (document management products and services).  
      Previous positions held at Xerox by Mr. Fullwood  
      include President of the Worldwide Channels Group,  
      President of Latin America, Executive Chief Staff Officer  
      of Developing Markets, and President of Worldwide  
      Customer Services. Mr. Fullwood is the Executive in  
      Residence and 2010 Distinguished Minett Professor at  
      the Rochester Institute of Technology. Mr. Fullwood  
      serves as a director of SPX Corporation (multi-industry  
      manufacturing), Amerigroup Corporation (managed  
      health care), the University of Rochester Medical  
      Center, Monroe Community College Foundation, the  
      United Way of Rochester, and North Carolina A&T  
      University. Mr. Fullwood brings to the board particular  
      experience with marketing, organizational development,  
      and operations management.  
 
Rajiv L. Gupta Trustee December 2001 Mr. Gupta is the former Chairman and Chief Executive 179
(1945)     Officer (retired 2009) and President (2006–2008) of  
      Rohm and Haas Co. (chemicals). Mr. Gupta serves as a  
      director of Tyco International, Ltd. (diversified  
      manufacturing and services), and Hewlett-Packard  
      Company (electronic computer manufacturing); as  
      Senior Advisor at New Mountain Capital; as a trustee of  
      The Conference Board; and on the Board of Managers  
      of Delphi Automotive LLP (automotive components).  
      Mr. Gupta brings to the board particular experience  
      with finance, capital markets, and global operations.  

 

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        Number of
    Vanguard Principal Occupation(s) Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ and Outside Directorships Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held with Funds Officer Since During the Past Five Years Trustee/Officer
Amy Gutmann Trustee June 2006 Dr. Gutmann serves as the President of the University 179
(1949)     of Pennsylvania. She is the Christopher H. Browne  
      Distinguished Professor of Political Science in the  
      School of Arts and Sciences with secondary  
      appointments at the Annenberg School for  
      Communication and the Graduate School of Education  
      at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Gutmann also  
      serves as a director of Carnegie Corporation of New  
      York, Schuylkill River Development Corporation, and  
      Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce; and as a  
      trustee of the National Constitution Center.  
      Dr. Gutmann is Chair of the Presidential Commission  
      for the Study of Bioethical Issues. Dr. Gutmann brings  
      to the board particular experience with community and  
      organizational development, education, ethics, and  
      public policy.  
 
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Trustee July 1998 Ms. Heisen is the former Corporate Vice President 179
(1950)     and Chief Global Diversity Officer (retired 2008)  
      and a former Member of the Executive Committee  
      (1997–2008) of Johnson & Johnson (pharmaceuticals/  
      consumer products). Ms. Heisen served as Vice  
      President and Chief Information Officer of Johnson &  
      Johnson from 1997 to 2005. Ms. Heisen serves as a  
      director of Skytop Lodge Corporation (hotels), the  
      University Medical Center at Princeton, the Robert  
      Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Center for Work  
      Life Policy; and as a member of the advisory board of  
      the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at  
      Syracuse University. Ms. Heisen brings to the board  
      particular experience with human resources, and  
      financial and information technology matters.  
 
F. Joseph Loughrey Trustee October 2009 Mr. Loughrey is the former President and Chief 179
(1949)     Operating Officer (retired 2009) and Vice Chairman of  
      the Board (2008–2009) of Cummins Inc. (industrial  
      machinery). Mr. Loughrey serves as a director of  
      SKF AB (industrial machinery), Hillenbrand, Inc.  
      (specialized consumer services), the Lumina  
      Foundation for Education, and Oxfam America; and as  
      Chairman of the Advisory Council for the College of  
      Arts and Letters and Member of the Advisory Board to  
      the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the  
      University of Notre Dame. Mr. Loughrey served as a  
      director of Sauer-Danfoss Inc. (machinery) from 2000  
      to 2010, and of Tower Automotive Inc. (manufacturer  
      of automobile components) from 1994 to 2007.  
      Mr. Loughrey brings to the board particular experience  
      with global operations, technology, and risk and human  
      resources management.  

 

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        Number of
    Vanguard Principal Occupation(s) Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ and Outside Directorships Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held with Funds Officer Since During the Past Five Years Trustee/Officer
André F. Perold Trustee December 2004 Dr. Perold is the former George Gund Professor of 179
(1952)     Finance and Banking at the Harvard Business School  
      (retired July 2011). Dr. Perold serves as Chief  
      Investment Officer and co-Managing Partner of  
      HighVista Strategies LLC (private investment firm).  
      Dr. Perold also serves as a director of Rand Merchant  
      Bank and as an overseer of the Museum of Fine Arts  
      Boston. From 2003 to 2009, Dr. Perold served as  
      chairman of the board of UNX, Inc. (equities trading  
      firm). Dr. Perold brings to the board particular  
      experience with investment management and finance.  
 
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. Lead January 1993 Mr. Rankin serves as Chairman, President, and Chief 179
(1941) Independent   Executive Officer of NACCO Industries, Inc. (forklift  
  Trustee   trucks/housewares/lignite). Mr. Rankin also serves as a  
      director of Goodrich Corporation (industrial products/  
      aircraft systems and services) and the National  
      Association of Manufacturers; Chairman of the Federal  
      Reserve Bank of Cleveland; Vice Chairman of  
      University Hospitals of Cleveland; and President of the  
      Board of The Cleveland Museum of Art. Mr. Rankin  
      brings to the board particular experience with finance,  
      capital markets, and risk and operations management.  
 
Peter F. Volanakis Trustee July 2009 Mr. Volanakis is the retired President and Chief 179
(1955)     Operating Officer (retired 2010) of Corning  
      Incorporated (communications equipment).  
      Mr. Volanakis served as a director of Corning  
      Incorporated (20002010) and of Dow Corning (2001  
      2010). Mr. Volanakis serves as Overseer of the Amos  
      Tuck School of Business Administration at Dartmouth  
      College. Mr. Volanakis brings to the board particular  
      experience with international operations, marketing,  
      and corporate development.  
 
Executive Officers        
Glenn Booraem Controller July 2010 Mr. Booraem, a Principal of Vanguard, has served as 179
(1967)     Controller of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, since 2010. Mr. Booraem served as  
      Assistant Controller of each of the investment  
      companies served by Vanguard, from 2001 to 2010.  
 
Thomas J. Higgins Chief Financial September 2008 Mr. Higgins, a Principal of Vanguard, has served as 179
(1957) Officer   Chief Financial Officer of each of the investment  
      companies served by Vanguard, since 2008. Mr.  
      Higgins served as Treasurer of each of the investment  
      companies served by Vanguard, from 1998 to 2008.  
 
Kathryn J. Hyatt Treasurer November 2008 Ms. Hyatt, a Principal of Vanguard, has served as 179
(1955)     Treasurer of each of the investment companies served  
      by Vanguard, since 2008. Ms. Hyatt served as  
      Assistant Treasurer of each of the investment  
      companies served by Vanguard, from 1988 to 2008.  

 

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        Number of
    Vanguard Principal Occupation(s) Vanguard Funds
  Position(s) Funds’ Trustee/ and Outside Directorships Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth Held with Funds Officer Since During the Past Five Years Trustee/Officer
Heidi Stam Secretary July 2005 Ms. Stam has served as a Managing Director of 179
(1956)     Vanguard since 2006; General Counsel of Vanguard  
      since 2005; Secretary of Vanguard and of each of the  
      investment companies served by Vanguard, since  
      2005; and Director and Senior Vice President of  
      Vanguard Marketing Corporation since 2005. Ms. Stam  
      served as a Principal of Vanguard from 1997 to 2006.  

 

All but one of the trustees are independent. The independent trustees designate a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee is a spokesperson and principal point of contact for the independent trustees and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the independent trustees, including calling regular executive sessions of the independent trustees; developing the agenda of each meeting together with the chairman; and chairing the meetings of the independent trustees, including the meetings of the audit, compensation, and nominating committees.

The independent trustees appoint the chairman of the board. The roles of chairman of the board and chief executive officer currently are held by the same person; as a result, the chairman of the board is an “interested” trustee. The independent trustees generally believe that the Vanguard funds’ chief executive officer is best qualified to serve as chairman and that fund shareholders benefit from this leadership structure through accountability and strong day-to-day leadership.

Board Committees: The Trust’s board has the following committees:

  • Audit Committee: This committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting policies, the systems of internal controls, and the independent audits of each fund and Vanguard. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held five meetings during the Funds‘ last fiscal year.
  • Compensation Committee: This committee oversees the compensation programs established by each fund and Vanguard for the benefit of their employees, officers, and trustees/directors. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held three meetings during the Funds‘ last fiscal year.
  • Nominating Committee: This committee nominates candidates for election to Vanguard’s board of directors and the board of trustees of each fund (collectively, the Vanguard boards). The committee also has the authority to recommend the removal of any director or trustee from the Vanguard boards. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held five meetings during the Funds‘ last fiscal year.

The Nominating Committee will consider shareholder recommendations for trustee nominees. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Rankin, Chairman of the Committee.

Trustee Compensation

The same individuals serve as trustees of all Vanguard funds and each fund pays a proportionate share of the trustees’ compensation. The funds also employ their officers on a shared basis; however, officers are compensated by Vanguard, not the funds.

Independent Trustees. The funds compensate their independent trustees (i.e., the ones who are not also officers of the funds) in three ways:

  • The independent trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the funds, which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled board meetings.
  • The independent trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that they incur in attending board meetings.
  • Upon retirement (after attaining age 65 and completing five years of service), the independent trustees who began their service prior to January 1, 2001, receive a retirement benefit under a separate account arrangement. As of January 1, 2001, the opening balance of each eligible trustee’s separate account was generally equal to the net present value of the benefits he or she had accrued under the trustees’ former retirement plan. Each eligible trustee’s separate account will be credited annually with interest at a rate of 7.5% until the trustee receives his or her final distribution. Those independent trustees who began their service on or after January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the plan.

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“Interested” Trustee. Mr. McNabb serves as trustee, but is not paid in this capacity. He is, however, paid in his role as an officer of Vanguard.

Compensation Table. The following table provides compensation details for each of the trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation and accrued as retirement benefits by the Funds for each trustee. In addition, the table shows the total amount of benefits that we expect each trustee to receive from all Vanguard funds upon retirement, and the total amount of compensation paid to each trustee by all Vanguard funds.

 

 

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS
TRUSTEES’ COMPENSATION TABLE
 
    Pension or Retirement Accrued Annual Total Compensation
  Aggregate Benefits Accrued Retirement from All Vanguard
  Compensation as Part of the Benefit at Funds Paid
Trustee from the Funds1 Funds’ Expenses1 January 1, 20122 to Trustees3
F. William McNabb III
Emerson U. Fullwood $12,435 $210,000
Rajiv L. Gupta 12,435 210,000
Amy Gutmann 12,435 210,000
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen 12,435 $386 $ 5,231 210,000
F. Joseph Loughrey 12,435 210,000
André F. Perold 12,435 210,000
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. 14,214 757 10,251 240,000
Peter F. Volanakis 12,435 210,000

 

1      The amounts shown in this column are based on the Trust‘s fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. Each Fund within the Trust is responsible for a proportionate share of these amounts.
2      Each trustee is eligible to receive retirement benefits only after completing at least 5 years (60 consecutive months) of service as a trustee for the Vanguard funds. The annual retirement benefit will be paid in monthly installments, beginning with the month following the trustee’s retirement from service, and will cease after 10 years of payments (120 monthly installments). Trustees who began their service on or after January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the retirement benefit plan.
3      The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to each trustee for his or her service as trustee of 180 Vanguard funds for the 2011 calendar year.

Ownership of Fund Shares

All trustees allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own investment needs. The following table shows each trustee’s ownership of shares of each Fund and of all Vanguard funds served by the trustee as of December 31, 2011.

    Dollar Range of Aggregate Dollar Range of
    Fund Shares Vanguard Fund Shares
Vanguard Fund Trustee Owned by Trustee Owned by Trustee
Windsor Fund Emerson U. Fullwood Over $100,000
  Rajiv L. Gupta Over $100,000
  Amy Gutmann Over $100,000
  JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Over $100,000
  F. Joseph Loughrey Over $100,000
  F. William McNabb III Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  André F. Perold Over $100,000
  Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  Peter F. Volanakis Over $100,000
 

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    Dollar Range of Aggregate Dollar Range of
    Fund Shares Vanguard Fund Shares
Vanguard Fund Trustee Owned by Trustee Owned by Trustee
Windsor II Fund Emerson U. Fullwood Over $100,000
  Rajiv L. Gupta Over $100,000
  Amy Gutmann Over $100,000
  JoAnn Heffernan Heisen Over $100,000
  F. Joseph Loughrey Over $100,000
  F. William McNabb III Over $100,000
  André F. Perold Over $100,000
  Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. Over $100,000 Over $100,000
  Peter F. Volanakis Over $100,000

 

As of January 31, 2012, the trustees and officers of the funds owned, in the aggregate, less than 1% of each class of each fund’s outstanding shares.

As of January 31, 2012, the following owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class:

Vanguard Windsor Fund—Investor Shares: Vanguard STAR Fund, Valley Forge, PA (15.72%), FedEx Corporation Retirement Savings Plan, Memphis, TN (8.94%); Vanguard Windsor II Fund—Investor Shares: Vanguard STAR Fund, Valley Forge, PA (10.64%), Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company, Houston, TX (7.59%); Vanguard Windsor II Fund—Admiral Shares: Fidelity Investments, Covington, KY (7.16%).

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures

Introduction

Vanguard and the Boards of Trustees of the Vanguard funds (Boards) have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures (Policies and Procedures) to govern the disclosure of the portfolio holdings of each Vanguard fund. Vanguard and the Boards considered each of the circumstances under which Vanguard fund portfolio holdings may be disclosed to different categories of persons under the Policies and Procedures. Vanguard and the Boards also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the fund’s investment advisor, distributor, or any affiliated person of the fund, its investment advisor, or its distributor, on the other. After giving due consideration to such matters and after the exercise of their fiduciary duties and reasonable business judgment, Vanguard and the Boards determined that the Vanguard funds have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to the persons described in each of the circumstances set forth in the Policies and Procedures and that the Policies and Procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that disclosure of portfolio holdings and information about portfolio holdings is in the best interests of fund shareholders and appropriately addresses the potential for material conflicts of interest.

The Boards exercise continuing oversight of the disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Policies and Procedures, the Code of Ethics, and the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information (collectively, the portfolio holdings governing policies) by the Chief Compliance Officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds; (2) considering reports and recommendations by the Chief Compliance Officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) that may arise in connection with any portfolio holdings governing policies; and (3) considering whether to approve or ratify any amendment to any portfolio holdings governing policies. Vanguard and the Boards reserve the right to amend the Policies and Procedures at any time and from time to time without prior notice at their sole discretion. For purposes of the Policies and Procedures, the term “portfolio holdings” means the equity and debt securities (e.g., stocks and bonds) held by a Vanguard fund and does not mean the cash investments, derivatives, and other investment positions (collectively, other investment positions) held by the fund.

Online Disclosure of Ten Largest Stock Holdings

Each of the Vanguard equity funds and Vanguard balanced funds generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentages that each of these ten largest stock portfolio holdings represents of the fund’s total assets as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter (quarter-end ten largest stock holdings) online at

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vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. In addition, those funds generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 10 business days after the end of the month. Together, the quarter-end and month-end ten largest stock holdings are referred to as the ten largest stock holdings. Online disclosure of the ten largest stock holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons.

Online Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings

Each of the Vanguard funds, excluding Vanguard money market funds and Vanguard Market Neutral Fund, generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. In accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, each of the Vanguard money market funds will disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, no later than the fifth business day of the current month. The complete portfolio holdings information for money market funds will remain available online for at least six months after the initial posting. Vanguard Market Neutral Fund generally will seek to disclose the Fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 60 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Online disclosure of complete portfolio holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department will review complete portfolio holdings before online disclosure is made and, except with respect to the complete portfolio holdings of the Vanguard money market funds, may withhold any portion of the fund’s complete portfolio holdings from online disclosure when deemed to be in the best interests of the fund after consultation with a Vanguard fund’s investment advisor.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Service Providers Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard, for legitimate business purposes, may disclose Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings at times it deems necessary and appropriate to rating and ranking organizations; financial printers; proxy voting service providers; pricing information vendors; third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services; and other third parties that provide services (collectively, Service Providers) to Vanguard, Vanguard subsidiaries, and/or the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider is conditioned on the Service Provider being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed to a Service Provider, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the Service Provider, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to a Service Provider varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings by Vanguard to a Service Provider must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review or Legal Department. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Service Providers as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Abel/Noser Corporation; Advisor Software, Inc.; Alcom Printing Group Inc.; Apple Press, L.C.; Bloomberg L.P.; Brilliant Graphics, Inc.; Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.; Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Innovation Printing & Communications; Intelligencer Printing Company; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Investment Technology Group, Inc.; Lipper, Inc.; Markit WSO Corporation; McMunn Associates Inc.; Oce’ Business Services, Inc.; Reuters America Inc.; R.R. Donnelley, Inc.; State Street Bank and Trust Company; Triune Color Corporation; and Tursack Printing Inc.

 

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Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Vanguard Affiliates and Certain Fiduciaries Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among the following persons (collectively, Affiliates and Fiduciaries) for legitimate business purposes within the scope of their official duties and responsibilities, subject to such persons’ continuing legal duty of confidentiality and legal duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information, as such duties are imposed under the Code of Ethics, the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information, by agreement, or under applicable laws, rules, and regulations: (1) persons who are subject to the Code of Ethics or the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information; (2) an investment advisor, distributor, administrator, transfer agent, or custodian to a Vanguard fund; (3) an accounting firm, an auditing firm, or outside legal counsel retained by Vanguard, a Vanguard subsidiary, or a Vanguard fund; (4) an investment advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed for due diligence purposes when the advisor is in merger or acquisition talks with a Vanguard fund’s current advisor; and (5) a newly hired investment advisor or sub-advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed prior to the time it commences its duties.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed between and among the Affiliates and Fiduciaries, is determined by such Affiliates and Fiduciaries based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to any Affiliates and Fiduciaries as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund to Affiliates and Fiduciaries must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Affiliates and Fiduciaries as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Vanguard and each investment advisor, custodian, and independent registered public accounting firm identified in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings to Broker-Dealers in the Normal Course of Managing a Fund’s Assets

An investment advisor, administrator, or custodian for a Vanguard fund may, for legitimate business purposes within the scope of its official duties and responsibilities, disclose portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up the fund to one or more broker-dealers during the course of, or in connection with, normal day-to-day securities and derivatives transactions with or through such broker-dealers subject to the broker-dealer’s legal obligation not to use or disclose material nonpublic information concerning the fund’s portfolio holdings, other investment positions, securities transactions, or derivatives transactions without the consent of the fund or its agents. The Vanguard funds have not given their consent to any such use or disclosure and no person or agent of Vanguard is authorized to give such consent except as approved in writing by the Boards of the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard to broker-dealers must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Disclosure of Nonmaterial Information

The Policies and Procedures permit Vanguard fund officers, Vanguard fund portfolio managers, and other Vanguard representatives (collectively, Approved Vanguard Representatives) to disclose any views, opinions, judgments, advice, or commentary, or any analytical, statistical, performance, or other information, in connection with or relating to a Vanguard fund or its portfolio holdings and/or other investment positions (collectively, commentary and analysis) or any changes in the portfolio holdings of a Vanguard fund that occurred after the end of the most recent calendar quarter (recent portfolio changes) to any person if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose, (2) such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings of any Vanguard fund (which can be disclosed only in accordance with the Policies and Procedures), and (3) such information does not constitute material nonpublic information. Disclosure of commentary and analysis or recent portfolio changes by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

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An Approved Vanguard Representative must make a good faith determination whether the information constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases recent portfolio changes that involve a few or even several securities in a diversified portfolio or commentary and analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making an investment decision concerning a Vanguard fund. Nonexclusive examples of commentary and analysis about a Vanguard fund include (1) the allocation of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries; (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (3) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country; and (4) the volatility characteristics of the fund. Approved Vanguard Representatives may at their sole discretion determine whether to deny any request for information made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. “Approved Vanguard Representatives” include, for purposes of the Policies and Procedures, persons employed by or associated with Vanguard or a subsidiary of Vanguard who have been authorized by Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department to disclose recent portfolio changes and/or commentary and analysis in accordance with the Policies and Procedures.

Currently, Vanguard nonmaterial portfolio holdings information is disclosed to KPMG LLP and R.V. Kuhns & Associates.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Related Information to the Issuer of a Security for Legitimate Business Purposes

Vanguard, at its sole discretion, may disclose portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security if the issuer presents, to the satisfaction of Fund Financial Services, convincing evidence that the issuer has a legitimate business purpose for such information. Disclosure of this information to an issuer is conditioned on the issuer being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information. The frequency with which portfolio holdings information concerning a security may be disclosed to the issuer of such security, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the issuer, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to an issuer cannot be determined in advance of a specific request and will vary based upon the particular facts and circumstances and the legitimate business purposes, but in unusual situations could be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review or Legal Department.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings as Required by Applicable Law

Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up a fund shall be disclosed to any person as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Examples of such required disclosure include, but are not limited to, disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (1) in a filing or submission with the SEC or another regulatory body, (2) in connection with seeking recovery on defaulted bonds in a federal bankruptcy case, (3) in connection with a lawsuit, or (4) as required by court order. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Prohibitions on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

No person is authorized to disclose Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions (whether online at vanguard.com, in writing, by fax, by e-mail, orally, or by other means) except in accordance with the Policies and Procedures. In addition, no person is authorized to make disclosure pursuant to the Policies and Procedures if such disclosure is otherwise unlawful under the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). Furthermore, Vanguard’s management, at its sole discretion, may determine not to disclose portfolio holdings or other investment positions that make up a Vanguard fund to any person who would otherwise be eligible to receive such information under the Policies and Procedures, or may determine to make such disclosures publicly as provided by the Policies and Procedures.

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Prohibitions on Receipt of Compensation or Other Consideration

The Policies and Procedures prohibit a Vanguard fund, its investment advisor, and any other person from paying or receiving any compensation or other consideration of any type for the purpose of obtaining disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions. “Consideration” includes any agreement to maintain assets in the fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the investment advisor or by any affiliated person of the investment advisor.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES

The Trust currently uses eight investment advisors:

  • AllianceBernstein L.P. provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor Fund.
  • Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Lazard Asset Management LLC provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Sanders Capital, LLC, provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Vanguard provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor II Fund.
  • Wellington Management Company, LLP provides investment advisory services for a portion of the assets in the Windsor Fund.

For funds that are advised by independent third-party advisory firms unaffiliated with Vanguard, Vanguard hires investment advisory firms, not individual portfolio managers, to provide investment advisory services to such funds. Vanguard negotiates each advisory agreement, which contains advisory fee arrangements, on an arms-length basis with the advisory firm. Each advisory agreement is reviewed annually by each fund’s board of trustees, taking into account numerous factors, which include, without limitation, the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided, investment performance, and fair market value of services provided. Each advisory agreement is between the Trust and the advisory firm, not between the Trust and the portfolio manager. The structure of the advisory fee paid to each unaffiliated investment advisory firm is described in the following sections. In addition, each firm has established policies and procedures designed to address the potential for conflicts of interest. Each firm’s compensation structure and management of potential conflicts of interest is summarized by the advisory firm in the following sections for the period ended October 31, 2011.

I. Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor Fund uses a multimanager approach. The Fund is a party to an investment advisory agreement with each advisor whereby the advisor manages the investment and reinvestment of the portion of the Windsor Fund’s assets that the Fund’s board of trustees determines to assign to each advisor. Hereafter, each portion is referred to as the Portfolio. In this capacity, each advisor continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the Portfolio’s investment program. Each advisor discharges its responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group and the officers and trustees of the Fund. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group is responsible for recommending changes in a fund’s advisory arrangements to the fund’s board of trustees, including changes in the amount of assets allocated to each advisor, and whether to hire, terminate, or replace an advisor.

The Windsor Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for AllianceBernstein) or the S&P 500 Index (for Wellington Management) over the preceding 36-month period.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, Vanguard Windsor Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees of $13,438,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $5,030,000), $15,912,000 (before a

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performance-based decrease of $3,830,000), and $16,442,000 (before a performance-based increase of $3,901,000), respectively.

A. AllianceBernstein L.P. (AllianceBernstein)

AllianceBernstein, a registered investment advisor, is a Delaware Limited Partnership. As of October 31, 2011, beneficial ownership of AllianceBernstein was as follows:

  • 63.3% owned by AXA Financial, Inc.1
  • 25.7% owned by AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. 2
  • 11.0% owned by AllianceBernstein Directors, Officers, and employees3

For additional information concerning AllianceBernstein’s ownership structure, please refer to their most recent Form 10Q.

1 Includes ownership of AllianceBernstein units, indirect ownership of AllianceBernstein units through its interest in AllianceBernstein Holding, and general partnership interests in AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein Holding. AXA Financial, Inc., is a wholly owned subsidiary of AXA, one of the world’s largest global financial services organizations.

2 Public, former employees, and others.

3 Direct and indirect ownership, including unallocated units in deferred compensation plans.

 

1. Other Accounts Managed

The management of and investment decisions for the AllianceBernstein Portfolio are made by the North American Value Investment Policy Group, made up of senior North American Value Investment Team members. The North American Value Investment Policy Group relies heavily on the fundamental analysis and research of the advisor’s large internal research staff. The members of the North American Value Investment Policy Group with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the AllianceBernstein Portfolio of the Windsor Fund are Joseph G. Paul and Gregory L. Powell.

Mr. Paul and Mr. Powell co-manage a portion of the Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $11.7 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Paul also co-managed 152 other registered investment companies with total assets of $20.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for two of these accounts with total assets of $2.3 billion), 242 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $7.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for seven of these accounts with total assets of $392 million), and 31,222 other accounts with total assets of $38 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 19 of these accounts with total assets of $2.5 billion). As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Powell also co-managed 149 other registered investment companies with total assets of $20.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for two of these accounts with total assets of $2.3 billion), 228 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $6.3 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for four of these accounts with total assets of $303 million), and 31,222 other accounts with total assets of $38 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 19 of these accounts with total assets of $2.5 billion). Mr. Paul and Mr. Powell manage these accounts as members of the North American Value Investment Policy Group, and neither Mr. Paul nor Mr. Powell manages any accounts on an individual basis.

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

AllianceBernstein has taken several steps to reduce or eliminate potential conflicts of interest that may arise from time to time. Policies in this regard apply to all AllianceBernstein employees.

The firm has designated Mark Anderson as its Conflicts Officer. He is also the chairman of the Conflicts Committee, which is made up of senior members of the Legal and Compliance Department. The Conflicts Committee confers about various conflicts at the firm and in its industry, advising on policies and procedures where relevant and maintaining a list of conflicts. These policies are constructed and implemented by the Legal and Compliance Department in coordination with the relevant business areas. The firm also discloses other regulatory conflicts in its Form ADV Part II.

Furthermore, AllianceBernstein’s Code of Ethics includes provisions concerning personal trading, gifts, and entertainment that are intended to eliminate and/or manage potential conflicts between the firm and its clients, and among clients. As noted above, the Code of Ethics is distributed and acknowledged by employees no less frequently than annually and is delivered to all new employees upon hire.

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In addition to various trading restrictions and the requirement that AllianceBernstein employees maintain their personal brokerage accounts with one of six designated brokerage firms, employees of AllianceBernstein and its subsidiaries are required to pre-clear all personal securities transactions and to report each transaction to AllianceBernstein’s Compliance personnel. All employees of AllianceBernstein are forbidden to trade, either personally or on behalf of others, on material nonpublic information or communicate material nonpublic information to others in violation of the law.

3. Description of Compensation

Compensation for AllianceBernstein’s investment professionals typically consists of base salary and incentive compensation. The bonus pool is a function of the firm’s pre-tax, pre-bonus profitability and is allocated by the firm’s Compensation Committee. A portion of this annual incentive compensation is in the form of a deferred award of AllianceBernstein units with four-year vesting. Total compensation packages are competitive by industry standards. The mix of remuneration elements varies according to the seniority of employees.

More specifically, as far as the compensation of AllianceBernstein’s analysts is concerned, chief investment officers, senior portfolio managers, and directors of research from all parts of the world evaluate the performance of the firm’s analysts. The results are used as a basis for pay awards. Three main criteria are used to evaluate the growth equity and fixed income analysts: the performance of their research recommendations and their advocacy of those recommendations; the quality of their research; and their productivity. Three main criteria are used to evaluate the value equity analysts: the analyst’s breadth and depth of research knowledge; the level of attentiveness to forecasts and market movements; and the quantitative review of productivity. Regarding portfolio management compensation, pay levels are determined using a combination of objective performance measures (such as unit profitability and corporate performance) and more subjective factors. In the latter area, the firm makes an assessment of contributions made by the individual to the clients’ performance and to the firm. Considerations include: the individual’s involvement in the research process and in other aspects of portfolio management; his or her success in establishing and maintaining client relationships; ability to attract talent and build a team of staff; and managerial skills.

The firm continues to review ways to best align portfolio manager and analyst compensation with client investment returns. It will continue to make revisions to its policies in this area as it deems appropriate.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, neither Mr. Paul nor Mr. Powell owned shares of the Windsor Fund.

B. Wellington Management Company, LLP (Wellington Management)

Wellington Management is a Massachusetts private limited liability partnership with principal offices at 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210. The firm is owned by 120 partners, all fully active in the firm. Wellington Management is a professional investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 70 years.

1. Other Accounts Managed

James N. Mordy manages a portion of the Windsor Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $11.7 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Mordy also managed 11 other registered investment companies with total assets of $3.5 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for one of these accounts with total assets of $368 million), three other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $457 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and seven other accounts with total assets of $895 million (advisory fees based on account performance for one of these accounts with total assets of $21.8 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Individual investment professionals at Wellington Management manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions, such as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations, or separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries), bank common trust accounts, and hedge funds. The Fund’s manager listed in the prospectus who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Wellington Management portion of the Fund (the Portfolio

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Manager) generally manages accounts in several different investment styles. These accounts may have investment objectives, strategies, time horizons, tax considerations, and risk profiles that differ from those of the Fund. The Portfolio Manager makes investment decisions for each account, including the Fund, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax, and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Portfolio Manager may purchase or sell securities, including IPOs, for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the Fund and thus the accounts may have similar, and in some cases nearly identical, objectives, strategies, and/or holdings to those of the Fund.

The Portfolio Manager or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Fund depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, the Portfolio Manager may purchase the same security for the Fund and one or more other accounts at or about the same time. In those instances the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the Fund’s holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the Fund. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Portfolio Manager are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager. Finally, the Portfolio Manager may hold shares or investments in the other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts identified above.

Wellington Management’s goal is to meet its fiduciary obligation to treat all clients fairly and provide high quality investment services to all of its clients. Wellington Management has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, Wellington Management monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary account guidelines, the allocation of IPOs, and compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics, and places additional investment restrictions on investment professionals who manage hedge funds and certain other accounts. Furthermore, senior investment and business personnel at Wellington Management periodically review the performance of Wellington Management’s investment professionals. Although Wellington Management does not track the time an investment professional spends on a single account, Wellington Management does periodically assess whether an investment professional has adequate time and resources to effectively manage the investment professional’s various client mandates.

3. Description of Compensation

Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of the portion of the Fund Wellington Management manages as set forth in the Investment Advisory Agreement between Wellington Management and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the advisory fees earned with respect to the Fund.

Wellington Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. Wellington Management’s compensation of the Portfolio Manager includes a base salary and incentive components. The base salary for the Portfolio Manager, who is a partner of Wellington Management, is generally a fixed amount that is determined by the Managing Partners of the firm. The Portfolio Manager is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the Fund and generally each other account managed by the Portfolio Manager. The Portfolio Manager’s incentive payment relating to the Fund is linked to the net pre-tax performance of the portion of the Fund managed by the Portfolio Manager compared to the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index over one- and three-year periods, with an emphasis on three-year results. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods, and rates may differ) to other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, including accounts with performance fees.

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Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional’s overall compensation; incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Portfolio Manager may also be eligible for bonus payments based on his overall contribution to Wellington Management’s business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on other factors. Each partner of Wellington Management is eligible to participate in a partner-funded tax-qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Mr. Mordy is a partner of the firm.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Mordy owned shares of the Windsor Fund in an amount exceeding $1 million.

II. Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund uses a multimanager approach. The Fund is a party to an investment advisory agreement with each advisor whereby the advisor manages the investment and reinvestment of the portion of the Windsor II Fund’s assets that the Fund’s board of trustees determines to assign to the advisor (hereafter referred to as each Portfolio). In this capacity, each advisor continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the Portfolio’s investment program. Each advisor discharges its responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group and the officers and trustees of the Fund. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Group is responsible for recommending changes in a fund’s advisory arrangements to the fund’s board of trustees, including changes in the amount of assets allocated to each advisor, and whether to hire, terminate, or replace an advisor.

The Windsor II Fund pays each of its investment advisors (other than Vanguard) a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Value Index (for Armstrong Shaw), the MSCI US Prime Market 750 Index (for Barrow, Hanley), the MSCI US Investable Market 2500 Index (for Hotchkis and Wiley), the S&P 500 Index (for Lazard), or the Russell 3000 Index (for Sanders), over the preceding 60-month period (a 36-month period for Barrow, Hanley and for Lazard).

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, Vanguard Windsor II Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees and expenses of $41,325,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $2,736,000), $50,757,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $4,126,000), and $52,444,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $4,955,000), respectively.

Of the aggregate fees and expenses previously described, the investment advisory expenses paid to Vanguard for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, were $121,000 (representing an effective annual rate of less than 0.01%). The investment advisory fees paid to the remaining advisors for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, were $47,368,000 (representing an effective annual rate of approximately 0.14%).

A. Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (Armstrong Shaw)

Armstrong Shaw, a privately owned Delaware corporation, was founded in 1984 by Raymond Armstrong (now retired) and Jeffrey M. Shaw. Jeffrey M. Shaw is the majority shareholder of the firm and the remaining equity is distributed among the five other Principals of the firm, Mr. Armstrong’s family, and a former employee. All of the assets managed by Armstrong Shaw are invested in large-cap products. Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, Jeffrey M. Shaw, leads an investment team of five professionals with diverse backgrounds in the financial services industry.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Jeffrey M. Shaw manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Shaw also managed one other registered investment company with total assets of $91 million, two other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $113 million, and 34 other accounts with total assets of $904 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

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2. Material Conflicts of Interest

It is possible that from time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the portfolio manager’s management of the investments in the Windsor II Fund (Armstrong Shaw Portfolio), on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. Armstrong Shaw does not believe any of these potential conflicts of interest pose significant risk to the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio. Armstrong Shaw believes that its compliance policies and procedures are appropriate to detect, prevent, and eliminate many conflicts of interest between Armstrong Shaw, its access persons (all employees and directors), and clients. However, clients should be aware that no set of policies and procedures can possibly anticipate or relieve all potential conflicts of interest. It is possible that additional potential conflicts of interest may exist that Armstrong Shaw has not identified in the summary below.

A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the portfolio manager’s day-to-day management of the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio. Because of the portfolio manager’s positions with the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio, the portfolio manager knows the size, timing, and possible market impact of the Fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of the other accounts he manages and to the possible detriment of the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio. Armstrong Shaw has adopted a Code of Ethics containing policies and procedures to ensure against this potential conflict.

The portfolio manager may serve as advisor to certain accounts which have advisory fees based partially or entirely on performance. Performance fee arrangements may create a conflict of interest for the portfolio manager in that the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate the investment opportunities that they believe might be the most profitable to accounts with incentive fees. Armstrong Shaw believes it has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to allocate investment opportunities between the accounts it manages on a fair and equitable basis over time.

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when allocating and/or aggregating trades. Armstrong Shaw often aggregates into a single trade order many individual contemporaneous client trade orders in a single security. Armstrong Shaw has in place policies and procedures to ensure such transactions will be allocated to all participating client accounts in a fair and equitable manner.

3. Description of Compensation

Compensation at Armstrong Shaw consists primarily of two components: salary and bonus. The salary portion of compensation is fixed and based on a combination of factors including, but not necessarily limited to, industry experience, firm experience, and job performance. The bonus portion of compensation is variable, depending on both the overall firm results (i.e., profitability) and merit. Bonuses are a very meaningful piece of overall compensation. Everyone at the firm participates in the bonus program. The remaining component of compensation is the company-paid health insurance.

Mr. Shaw’s compensation is not specifically dependant on the performance of the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio, on an absolute basis or relative to the style-specific benchmark, the Russell 1000 Value Index. Mr. Shaw is not compensated based on the growth of the Armstrong Shaw Portfolio, or any other client’s assets, except to the extent that such growth contributes to the firm’s overall asset growth, which in turn contributes to the firm’s overall profitability. Mr. Shaw does not receive a percentage of the revenue earned on any client portfolios. Mr. Shaw’s compensation is not increased or decreased specifically as the result of any performance fee that may be earned by Armstrong Shaw.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Shaw owned no shares of the Windsor II Fund.

B. Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley)

Barrow, Hanley, a Delaware limited liability company, is an investment management firm founded in 1979, which provides investment advisory services to separately managed domestic and foreign equity, fixed income, and balanced portfolios for large institutional clients, mutual funds, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, insurance companies, limited liability companies, and other institutions and individuals. Barrow, Hanley is a subsidiary of Old Mutual Asset Managers (US) LLC, which is a subsidiary of Old Mutual plc, based in London, England.

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1. Other Accounts Managed

James P. Barrow manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Barrow also managed 21 other registered investment companies with total assets of $6.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for two of these accounts with total assets of $3.2 billion), five other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $592 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 74 other accounts with total assets of $4.4 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has management responsibilities to more than one account (including the Windsor II Fund). Barrow, Hanley manages potential conflicts between funds or with other types of accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by directors and independent third parties to ensure that no client, regardless of type or fee structure, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities. Barrow, Hanley does not manage any private accounts.

3. Description of Compensation

In addition to base salary, all Barrow, Hanley portfolio managers and analysts share in a bonus pool that is distributed semiannually. Portfolio managers and analysts are rated on their value added to the team-oriented investment process. Overall compensation applies with respect to all accounts managed and compensation does not differ with respect to distinct accounts managed by a portfolio manager. Compensation is not tied to a published or private benchmark. It is important to understand that contributions to the overall investment process may include not recommending securities in an analyst’s sector if there are no compelling opportunities in the industries covered by that analyst.

The compensation of portfolio managers is not directly tied to fund performance or growth in assets for any fund or other account managed by a portfolio manager, and portfolio managers are not compensated for bringing in new business. Of course, growth in assets from the appreciation of existing assets and/or growth in new assets will increase revenues and profit. The consistent, long-term growth in assets at any investment firm is to a great extent, dependent upon the success of the portfolio management team. The compensation of the portfolio management team at Barrow, Hanley will increase over time, if and when assets continue to grow through competitive performance. Lastly, many key investment personnel have a long-term incentive compensation plan in the form of an equity interest in Barrow, Hanley.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Barrow owned shares of the Windsor II Fund in an amount exceeding $1 million.

C. Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley)

Hotchkis and Wiley is a Delaware limited liability company, the primary members of which are HWCap Holdings, a limited liability company whose members are current and former employees of Hotchkis and Wiley, and Stephens-H&W, a limited liability company whose primary member is SF Holding Corp., which is a diversified holding company.

1. Other Accounts Managed

The investment process employed is the same for similar accounts, including the portion of the Windsor II Fund managed by Hotchkis and Wiley (the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio), and is team-based utilizing primarily in-house, fundamental research. The investment research staff is organized by industry and sector and supports all of the accounts managed in each of Hotchkis and Wiley’s strategies. Portfolio coordinators for each strategy ensure that the best thinking of the investment team is reflected in the “target portfolios.” Investment ideas for the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio are generated by Hotchkis and Wiley’s investment team. Although the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio is managed by Hotchkis and Wiley’s investment team, Hotchkis and Wiley has identified George H. Davis, Jr., and Sheldon J. Leiberman as the portfolio managers with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Hotchkis and Wiley Portfolio.

Mr. Davis and Mr. Lieberman co-manage a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Davis and Mr. Lieberman also jointly managed 15 other registered investment companies with total assets of $6.5 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), two other

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pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $76 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 62 other accounts with total assets of $6.9 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for three of these accounts with total assets of $231 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interests

The Investment Team also manages institutional accounts and other mutual funds in several different investment strategies. The portfolios within an investment strategy are managed using a target portfolio; however, each portfolio may have different restrictions, cash flows, tax, and other relevant considerations which may preclude a portfolio from participating in certain transactions for that investment strategy. Consequently, the performance of portfolios may vary due to these different considerations. The Investment Team may place transactions for one investment strategy that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of another investment strategy. Hotchkis and Wiley may be restricted from purchasing more than a limited percentage of the outstanding shares of a company. If a company is a viable investment for more than one investment strategy, Hotchkis and Wiley has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly and equitably.

Different types of accounts and investment strategies may have different fee structures. Additionally, certain accounts pay Hotchkis and Wiley performance-based fees, which may vary depending on how well the account performs compared with a benchmark. Because such fee arrangements have the potential to create an incentive for Hotchkis and Wiley to favor such accounts in making investment decisions and allocations, Hotchkis and Wiley has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly and equitably, including in respect of allocation decisions, such as initial public offerings.

Since all accounts are managed to a target portfolio by the Investment Team, adequate time and resources are consistently applied to all accounts in the same investment strategy.

3. Description of Compensation

Hotchkis and Wiley’s Portfolio Managers are compensated in various forms, which may include a base salary, an annual bonus, and equity ownership. Compensation is used to reward, attract, and retain high-quality investment professionals.

The Portfolio Managers are evaluated and accountable at three levels. The first level is individual contribution to the research and decision-making process, including the quality and quantity of work achieved. The second level is teamwork, generally evaluated through contribution within sector teams. The third level pertains to overall portfolio and firm performance.

Fixed salaries and discretionary bonuses for investment professionals are determined by the Chief Executive Officer of Hotchkis and Wiley using annual evaluations, compensation surveys, feedback from other employees, and advice from members of Hotchkis and Wiley’s Executive and Compensation Committees. The amount of the bonus is determined by the total amount of Hotchkis and Wiley’s bonus pool available for the year, which is generally a function of revenues. No investment professional receives a bonus that is a pre-determined percentage of revenues or net income. Compensation is thus subjective rather than formulaic.

The majority of the Portfolio Managers own equity in Hotchkis and Wiley. Hotchkis and Wiley believes that the ownership structure of the firm is a significant factor in ensuring a motivated and stable employee base going forward. Hotchkis and Wiley believes that the combination of competitive compensation levels and equity ownership provides Hotchkis and Wiley with a demonstrable advantage in the retention and motivation of employees. Portfolio Managers who own equity in Hotchkis and Wiley receive their pro rata share of Hotchkis and Wiley’s profits. Investment professionals may also receive contributions under Hotchkis and Wiley’s profit sharing/401K plan.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, neither Mr. Davis nor Mr. Leiberman owned shares of the Windsor II Fund.

D. Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard)

Lazard is a registered investment advisor and is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Freres & Co., LLC, and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Lazard Ltd., both of which also are Delaware limited liability companies.

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1. Other Accounts Managed

Andrew Lacey co-manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Lacey also managed 16 other registered investment companies with total assets of $11.7 billion, 13 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.2 billion, and 191 other accounts with total assets of $5.3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Christopher Blake co-manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Blake also managed 11 other registered investment companies with total assets of $9.4 billion, three other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $543 million, and 65 other accounts with total assets of $2.2 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Although the potential for conflicts of interest exists when an investment advisor and portfolio managers manage other accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies as those of the Fund (Similar Accounts), Lazard has procedures in place that are designed to ensure that all accounts are treated fairly and that the Fund is not disadvantaged, including procedures regarding trade allocations and “conflicting trades” (e.g., long and short positions in the same security, as described below). In addition, the Fund, as a registered investment company, is subject to different regulations than certain of the Similar Accounts, and consequently, may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions, or to engage in such techniques or transactions to the same degree, as the Similar Accounts.

Potential conflicts of interest may arise because of Lazard’s management of a portion of the Fund (Lazard Portfolio) and Similar Accounts. For example, conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of limited investment opportunities, as Lazard may be perceived as causing accounts it manages to participate in an offering to increase Lazard’s overall allocation of securities in that offering, or to increase Lazard’s ability to participate in future offerings by the same underwriter or issuer. Allocations of bunched trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially filled due to limited availability, and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as Lazard may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to preferred accounts. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. Additionally, portfolio managers may be perceived to have a conflict of interest because of the large number of Similar Accounts, in addition to the Lazard Portfolio, that they are managing on behalf of Lazard. Although Lazard does not track each individual portfolio manager’s time dedicated to each account, Lazard periodically reviews each portfolio manager’s overall responsibilities to ensure that they are able to allocate the necessary time and resources to effectively manage the Lazard Portfolio. In addition, Lazard could be viewed as having a conflict of interest to the extent that Lazard and/or portfolio managers have a materially larger investment in a Similar Account than their investment in the Lazard Portfolio.

A potential conflict of interest may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by the other account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. Lazard manages hedge funds that are subject to performance/incentive fees. Certain hedge funds managed by Lazard may also be permitted to sell securities short. When Lazard engages in short sales of securities of the type in which the Lazard Portfolio invests, Lazard could be seen as harming the performance of the Lazard Portfolio for the benefit of the account managing short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. As described above, Lazard has procedures in place to address these conflicts. Additionally, portfolio managers/analysts and portfolio management teams are generally not permitted to manage long-only assets alongside long/short assets, although may from time to time manage both hedge funds and long-only accounts, including open-end and closed-end registered investment companies.

3. Description of Compensation

Lazard compensates portfolio managers by a competitive salary and bonus structure, which is determined both quantitatively and qualitatively. Salary and bonus are paid in cash, stock, and restricted interests in funds managed by Lazard or its affiliates. Portfolio managers are compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of portfolios managed by the teams of which they are a member rather than for a specific fund or account. Various factors are considered in the determination of a portfolio manager’s compensation. All of the portfolios managed by a portfolio manager are comprehensively evaluated to determine his or her positive and consistent performance contribution over time. Further factors include the amount of assets in the portfolios as well as qualitative aspects that reinforce Lazard’s

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investment philosophy. Total compensation is generally not fixed, but rather is based on the following factors: (1) leadership, teamwork, and commitment; (2) maintenance of current knowledge and opinions on companies owned in the portfolio; (3) generation and development of new investment ideas, including the quality of security analysis and identification of appreciation catalysts; (4) ability and willingness to develop and share ideas on a team basis; and (5) the performance results of the portfolios managed by the investment teams of which the portfolio manager is a member.

Variable bonus is based on the portfolio manager’s quantitative performance as measured by his or her ability to make investment decisions that contribute to the returns of the accounts managed by the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member, by comparison of each account to a predetermined benchmark (as set forth in a prospectus or other governing document, or otherwise, such as the benchmark corresponding to a particular investment strategy managed by Lazard) over the current fiscal year and the longer-term performance (3-, 5-, or 10-year, if applicable) of such account, as well as performance of the account relative to peers. The portfolio manager’s bonus also can be influenced by subjective measurement of the manager’s ability to help others make investment decisions.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, neither Mr. Lacey nor Mr. Blake owned any shares of the Windsor II Fund.

E. Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders)

Sanders, a New York limited liability company, is a registered investment advisor founded in 2009 by Lewis Sanders, former chairman and CEO of AllianceBernstein L.P. Mr. Sanders is the firm’s controlling owner, CEO, and Co-CIO, with the remaining ownership stake divided among several of his key employees.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Lewis A. Sanders and John P. Mahedy co-manage a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy also jointly managed one other registered investment company with total assets of $268 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), 10 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.4 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 11 other accounts with total assets of $925 million (advisory fees based on account performance for two of these accounts with total assets of $165 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy are co-chief investment officers of Sanders. In addition to the Fund, Sanders manages on a discretionary basis other accounts that use the value equity strategy utilized for the Fund or that utilize a different strategy but hold some of the same securities as the Fund, including, at October 31, 2011, two accounts belonging to Mr. Sanders personally. Sanders expects to manage additional such accounts in the future. Sanders has strict policies in force to ensure that all clients are treated fairly. For example, when practical, all client orders for the same security entered at the same time are aggregated in a single order, and if the order cannot be filled by day-end, Sanders allocates shares to underlying accounts on a pro rata basis. If any order is filled at several prices through multiple trades with the same broker, an average price and commission will be used for the executed trades in the order. For allocation and other purposes, managed accounts of staff members are treated the same as accounts of other clients, in keeping with Sanders’ belief that staff investments in Sanders’ products aligns the interests of Sanders and the clients. Sanders has strict rules with respect to personal trading by staff members to ensure that client interests always come first. Staff members must obtain permission prior to executing any trade in a personal account; permission is denied if Sanders is purchasing or considering purchasing a security for clients until all client orders are completed. Once a purchase is made, the staff member must hold the security for at least one year, and beyond that time if the security is then held in client accounts.

3. Description of Compensation

Sanders compensates Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy by means of a fixed guaranteed salary (draw) and a fixed guaranteed bonus. In addition, each Portfolio Manager is entitled to participate in the firm’s 401(k) plan and, depending on the amount of their contributions, to receive a matching firm contribution to their 401(k) account. Both Mr. Sanders and Mr. Mahedy are members (i.e., part owners) of Sanders Capital, LLC; accordingly, they are each entitled to a proportionate share of the firm’s profits, if and when earned. Neither Mr. Sanders nor Mr. Mahedy receives any compensation based upon the

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assets in the Fund or the performance of the Fund. The Portfolio Managers are also members of an affiliate of the firm, which is the General Partner of a Limited Partnership with four portfolios managed by the firm; the General Partner is entitled to a performance allocation if the returns in these portfolios exceed stated amounts. In such event, the Portfolio Managers would benefit proportional to their ownership interests in the General Partner.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2011, neither Mr. Sanders nor Mr. Mahedy owned shares of the Windsor II Fund.

F. Vanguard

Vanguard, through its Equity Investment Group, provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis for a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund’s assets. The compensation and other expenses of the advisory staff are allocated among the funds utilizing these services.

1. Other Accounts Managed

James D. Troyer co-manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Troyer also managed all or a portion of five other registered investment companies with total assets of $25.6 billion and five other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $81 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

James P. Stetler co-manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion. As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Stetler also managed all or a portion of seven other registered investment companies with total assets of $14.1 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Michael R. Roach co-manages a portion of the Windsor II Fund; as of October 31, 2011, the Fund held assets of $33.8 billion.

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

At Vanguard, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these other accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, or offshore funds. Managing multiple accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Vanguard manages potential conflicts between funds or with other types of accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by directors and independent third parties. Vanguard has developed trade allocation procedures and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

3. Description of Compensation

Each named Vanguard portfolio manager is a Vanguard employee. This section describes the compensation of the Vanguard employees who manage Vanguard mutual funds. As of October 31, 2011, a Vanguard portfolio manager’s compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and payments under Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation program. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and welfare benefits available to all Vanguard employees. Also, certain portfolio managers may be eligible for additional retirement benefits under several supplemental retirement plans that Vanguard adopted in the 1980s to restore dollar-for-dollar the benefits of management employees that had been cut back solely as a result of tax law changes. These plans are structured to provide the same retirement benefits as the standard retirement plans.

In the case of portfolio managers responsible for managing multiple Vanguard funds or accounts, the method used to determine their compensation is the same for all funds and investment accounts. A portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the manager’s experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses performed by Vanguard’s Human Resources Department. A portfolio manager’s base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or when a market adjustment of the position occurs.

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A portfolio manager’s bonus is determined by a number of factors. One factor is gross, pre-tax performance of a fund relative to expectations for how the fund should have performed, given its objective, policies, strategies, and limitations, and the market environment during the measurement period. This performance factor is not based on the value of assets held in the fund’s portfolio. For the portion of the Windsor II Fund managed by Vanguard, the performance factor depends on how successfully the portfolio manager outperforms the MSCI US Prime Market Value Index and maintains the risk parameters of the Fund over a three-year period. Additional factors include the portfolio manager’s contributions to the investment management functions within the sub-asset class, contributions to the development of other investment professionals and supporting staff, and overall contributions to strategic planning and decisions for the investment group. The target bonus is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The actual bonus paid may be more or less than the target bonus, based on how well the manager satisfies the objectives stated above. The bonus is paid on an annual basis.

Under the long-term incentive compensation program, all full-time employees receive a payment from Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation plan based on their years of service, job level, and, if applicable, management responsibilities. Each year, Vanguard’s independent directors determine the amount of the long-term incentive compensation award for that year based on the investment performance of the Vanguard funds relative to competitors and Vanguard’s operating efficiencies in providing services to the Vanguard funds.

4. Ownership of Securities

Vanguard employees, including portfolio managers, allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own individual investment needs and goals. Vanguard employees, as a group, invest a sizeable portion of their personal assets in Vanguard funds. As of October 31, 2011, Vanguard employees collectively invested more than $2.8 billion in Vanguard funds. F. William McNabb III, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds, and George U. Sauter, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Vanguard, invest substantially all of their personal financial assets in Vanguard funds.

As of October 31, 2011, Mr. Troyer and Mr. Stetler owned no shares of the Windsor II Fund, and Mr. Roach owned shares of the Fund within the $10,001–$50,000 range.

Duration and Termination of Investment Advisory Agreements

The Funds’ current investment advisory agreements with the unaffiliated advisors are renewable for successive one-year periods, only if (1) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of the Fund’s board of trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or (2) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. An agreement is automatically terminated if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time either (1) by vote of the board of trustees of the Fund upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the advisor (sixty (60) days’ written notice for AllianceBernstein), (2) by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities upon 30 days’ written notice to the advisor (60 days’ written notice for AllianceBernstein), or (3) by the advisor upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Fund.

Vanguard provides at-cost investment advisory services to the Vanguard Windsor II Fund pursuant to the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. This agreement will continue in full force and effect until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of the Vanguard funds and Vanguard.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

The advisor decides which securities to buy and sell on behalf of a Fund and then selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the trades on an agency basis or the dealers with whom the trades will be effected on a principal basis. For each trade, the advisor must select a broker-dealer that it believes will provide “best execution.” Best execution does not necessarily mean paying the lowest spread or commission rate available. In seeking best execution, the SEC has said that an advisor should consider the full range of a broker-dealer’s services. The factors considered by the advisor in seeking best execution include, but are not limited to, the broker-dealer’s execution capability; clearance and settlement services; commission rate; trading expertise; willingness and ability to commit capital; ability to provide anonymity;

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financial responsibility; reputation and integrity; responsiveness; access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets; and access to company management, as well as the value of any research provided by the broker-dealer. In assessing which broker-dealer can provide best execution for a particular trade, the advisor also may consider the timing and size of the order and available liquidity and current market conditions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the advisor may select a broker based partly on brokerage or research services provided to the advisor and its clients, including the Funds. The advisor may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the advisor determines in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of services provided. The advisor also may receive brokerage or research services from broker-dealers that are provided at no charge in recognition of the volume of trades directed to the broker. To the extent research services or products may be a factor in selecting brokers, services and products may include written research reports analyzing performance or securities; discussions with research analysts; meetings with corporate executives to obtain oral reports on company performance; market data; and other products and services that will assist the advisor in its investment decision-making process. The research services provided by brokers through which a Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the advisor in servicing all of its accounts, and some of the services may not be used by the advisor in connection with the Fund.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, the Funds paid the following approximate amounts in brokerage commissions:

 

Vanguard Fund 2009 2010 2011
Windsor Fund $12,967,000 $10,360,000 $11,336,000
Windsor II Fund1 23,600,000 12,569,000 14,968,000

 

1 A general decrease in market volatility, along with a reduction in broker fees, resulted in lower brokerage commissions for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2010.

Some securities that are considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other Vanguard funds or for other clients served by the advisors. If such securities are compatible with the investment policies of a Fund and one or more of an advisor’s other clients, and are considered for purchase or sale at or about the same time, then transactions in such securities may be aggregated by the advisor and the purchased securities or sale proceeds may be allocated among the participating Vanguard funds and the other participating clients of the advisor in a manner deemed equitable by the advisor. Although there may be no specified formula for allocating such transactions, the allocation methods used, and the results of such allocations, will be subject to periodic review by the Funds‘ board of trustees.

As of October 31, 2011, each Fund held securities of its “regular brokers or dealers,” as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, as follows:

Vanguard Fund Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent) Aggregate Holdings
Windsor Fund Citigroup Global Markets Inc. $110,707,000
  J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. 228,208,000
  UBS Securities LLC
 
Windsor II Fund Barclays Capital Inc. 55,161,000
  BNP Paribas Securities Corp. 28,383,000
  Goldman, Sachs & Co. 104,812,000
  J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. 832,589,000
  Morgan Stanley 18,965,000
 

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

The Board of Trustees (the Board) of each Vanguard fund that invests in stocks has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting by the fund. The Board has delegated oversight of proxy voting to the Proxy Oversight Committee (the Committee), made up of senior officers of Vanguard, a majority of whom are also officers of each Vanguard fund, and subject to the operating procedures and guidelines described below. The Committee reports directly to the Board. Vanguard is subject to these procedures and guidelines to the extent that they call for Vanguard to administer the voting process and implement the resulting voting decisions, and for these purposes the guidelines have been approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

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The overarching objective in voting is simple: to support proposals and director nominees that maximize the value of a fund’s investments—and those of fund shareholders—over the long term. Although the goal is simple, the proposals the funds receive are varied and frequently complex. As such, the guidelines adopted by the Board provide a rigorous framework for assessing each proposal. Under the guidelines, each proposal must be evaluated on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances as presented.

For ease of reference, the procedures and guidelines often refer to all funds. However, our processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual funds. For most proxy proposals, particularly those involving corporate governance, the evaluation will result in the same position being taken across all of the funds and the funds voting as a block. In some cases, however, a fund may vote differently, depending upon the nature and objective of the fund, the composition of its portfolio, and other factors.

The guidelines do not permit the Board to delegate voting responsibility to a third party that does not serve as a fiduciary for the funds. Because many factors bear on each decision, the guidelines incorporate factors the Committee should consider in each voting decision. A fund may refrain from voting some or all of its shares if doing so would be in the fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests. These circumstances may arise, for example, if the expected cost of voting exceeds the expected benefits of voting, if exercising the vote would result in the imposition of trading or other restrictions, or if a fund (or all Vanguard-advised funds in the aggregate) were to own more than a maximum percentage of a company’s stock (as determined by the company’s governing documents).

In evaluating proxy proposals, we consider information from many sources, including, but not limited to, the investment advisor for the fund, the management or shareholders of a company presenting a proposal, and independent proxy research services. We will give substantial weight to the recommendations of the company’s board, absent guidelines or other specific facts that would support a vote against management. In all cases, however, the ultimate decision rests with the members of the Proxy Oversight Committee, who are accountable to the fund’s Board.

While serving as a framework, the following guidelines cannot contemplate all possible proposals with which a fund may be presented. In the absence of a specific guideline for a particular proposal (e.g., in the case of a transactional issue or contested proxy), the Committee will evaluate the issue and cast the fund’s vote in a manner that, in the Committee’s view, will maximize the value of the fund’s investment, subject to the individual circumstances of the fund.

I. The Board of Directors

A. Election of directors

Good governance starts with a majority-independent board, whose key committees are made up entirely of independent directors. As such, companies should attest to the independence of directors who serve on the Compensation, Nominating, and Audit committees. In any instance in which a director is not categorically independent, the basis for the independence determination should be clearly explained in the proxy statement.

Although the funds will generally support the board’s nominees, the following factors will be taken into account in determining each fund’s vote:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of
independent directors. non-independent directors.
All members of Audit, Nominating, and Compensation Audit, Nominating, and/or Compensation committees include
committees are independent of management. non-independent members.
  Incumbent board member failed to attend at least 75% of meetings
  in the previous year.
  Actions of committee(s) on which nominee serves are inconsistent with
  other guidelines (e.g., excessive option grants, substantial non-audit fees,
  lack of board independence).

 

B. Contested director elections

In the case of contested board elections, we will evaluate the nominees’ qualifications, the performance of the incumbent board, and the rationale behind the dissidents’ campaign, to determine the outcome that we believe will maximize shareholder value.

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C. Classified boards

The funds will generally support proposals to declassify existing boards (whether proposed by management or shareholders), and will block efforts by companies to adopt classified board structures in which only part of the board is elected each year.

II. Approval of Independent Auditors

The relationship between the company and its auditors should be limited primarily to the audit, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not, in the aggregate, raise any appearance of impaired independence. The funds will generally support management’s recommendation for the ratification of the auditor, except in instances in which audit and audit-related fees make up less than 50% of the total fees paid by the company to the audit firm. We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis instances in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with the company (regardless of its size relative to the audit fee) to determine whether independence has been compromised.

III. Compensation Issues

A. Stock-based compensation plans

Appropriately designed stock-based compensation plans, administered by an independent committee of the board and approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management, employees, and directors. The funds oppose plans that substantially dilute their ownership interest in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features.

An independent compensation committee should have significant latitude to deliver varied compensation to motivate the company’s employees. However, we will evaluate compensation proposals in the context of several factors (a company’s industry, market capitalization, competitors for talent, etc.) to determine whether a particular plan or proposal balances the perspectives of employees and the company’s other shareholders. We will evaluate each proposal on a case-by-case basis, taking all material facts and circumstances into account.

The following factors will be among those considered in evaluating these proposals:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Company requires senior executives to hold a minimum amount Total potential dilution (including all stock-based plans) exceeds 15% of
of company stock (frequently expressed as a multiple of salary). shares outstanding.
Company requires stock acquired through option exercise to be Annual option grants have exceeded 2% of shares outstanding.
held for a certain period of time.  
Compensation program includes performance-vesting awards, Plan permits repricing or replacement of options without
indexed options, or other performance-linked grants. shareholder approval.
Concentration of option grants to senior executives is limited Plan provides for the issuance of reload options.
(indicating that the plan is very broad-based).  
Stock-based compensation is clearly used as a substitute for Plan contains automatic share replenishment (evergreen) feature.
cash in delivering market-competitive total pay.  

 

B. Bonus plans

Bonus plans, which must be periodically submitted for shareholder approval to qualify for deductibility under Section 162(m) of the IRC, should have clearly defined performance criteria and maximum awards expressed in dollars. Bonus plans with awards that are excessive, in both absolute terms and relative to a comparative group, generally will not be supported.

C. Employee stock purchase plans

The funds will generally support the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value and that shares reserved under the plan amount to less than 5% of the outstanding shares.

D. Executive severance agreements (golden parachutes)

Although executives’ incentives for continued employment should be more significant than severance benefits, there are instances—particularly in the event of a change in control—in which severance arrangements may be appropriate.

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Severance benefits triggered by a change in control that do not exceed three times an executive’s salary and bonus may generally be approved by the compensation committee of the board without submission to shareholders. Any such arrangement under which the beneficiary receives more than three times salary and bonus—or where severance is guaranteed absent a change in control—should be submitted for shareholder approval.

IV. Corporate Structure and Shareholder Rights

The exercise of shareholder rights, in proportion to economic ownership, is a fundamental privilege of stock ownership that should not be unnecessarily limited. Such limits may be placed on shareholders’ ability to act by corporate charter or by-law provisions, or by the adoption of certain takeover provisions. In general, the market for corporate control should be allowed to function without undue interference from these artificial barriers.

The funds’ positions on a number of the most commonly presented issues in this area are as follows:

A. Shareholder rights plans (poison pills)

A company’s adoption of a so-called poison pill effectively limits a potential acquirer’s ability to buy a controlling interest without the approval of the target’s board of directors. Such a plan, in conjunction with other takeover defenses, may serve to entrench incumbent management and directors. However, in other cases, a poison pill may force a suitor to negotiate with the board and result in the payment of a higher acquisition premium.

In general, shareholders should be afforded the opportunity to approve shareholder rights plans within a year of their adoption. This provides the board with the ability to put a poison pill in place for legitimate defensive purposes, subject to subsequent approval by shareholders. In evaluating the approval of proposed shareholder rights plans, we will consider the following factors:

Factors For Approval Factors Against Approval
Plan is relatively short-term (3-5 years). Plan is long term (>5 years).
Plan requires shareholder approval for renewal. Renewal of plan is automatic or does not require shareholder approval.
Plan incorporates review by a committee of independent Ownership trigger is less than 15%.
directors at least every three years (so-called TIDE provisions).  
Plan includes permitted-bid/qualified-offer feature (chewable Classified board.
pill) that mandates a shareholder vote in certain situations.  
Ownership trigger is reasonable (15-20%). Board with limited independence.
Highly independent, non-classified board.  

 

B. Cumulative voting

The funds are generally opposed to cumulative voting under the premise that it allows shareholders a voice in director elections that is disproportionate to their economic investment in the corporation.

C. Supermajority vote requirements

The funds support shareholders’ ability to approve or reject matters presented for a vote based on a simple majority. Accordingly, the funds will support proposals to remove supermajority requirements and oppose proposals to impose them.

D. Right to call meetings and act by written consent

The funds support shareholders’ right to call special meetings of the board (for good cause and with ample representation) and to act by written consent. The funds will generally vote for proposals to grant these rights to shareholders and against proposals to abridge them.

E. Confidential voting

The integrity of the voting process is enhanced substantially when shareholders (both institutions and individuals) can vote without fear of coercion or retribution based on their votes. As such, the funds support proposals to provide confidential voting.

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F. Dual classes of stock

We are opposed to dual class capitalization structures that provide disparate voting rights to different groups of shareholders with similar economic investments. We will oppose the creation of separate classes with different voting rights and will support the dissolution of such classes.

V. Corporate and Social Policy Issues

Proposals in this category, initiated primarily by shareholders, typically request that the company disclose or amend certain business practices. The Board generally believes that these are “ordinary business matters” that are primarily the responsibility of management and should be evaluated and approved solely by the corporation’s board of directors. Often, proposals may address concerns with which the Board philosophically agrees, but absent a compelling economic impact on shareholder value (e.g., proposals to require expensing of stock options), the funds will typically abstain from voting on these proposals. This reflects the belief that regardless of our philosophical perspective on the issue, these decisions should be the province of company management unless they have a significant, tangible impact on the value of a fund’s investment and management is not responsive to the matter.

VI. Voting in Foreign Markets

Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements, and voting mechanics vary greatly among the markets outside the United States in which the funds may invest. Each fund’s votes will be used, where applicable, to advocate for improvements in governance and disclosure by each fund’s portfolio companies. We will evaluate issues presented to shareholders for each fund’s foreign holdings in the context with the guidelines described above, as well as local market standards and best practices. The funds will cast their votes in a manner believed to be philosophically consistent with these guidelines, while taking into account differing practices by market. In addition, there may be instances in which the funds elect not to vote, as described below.

Many foreign markets require that securities be “blocked” or reregistered to vote at a company’s meeting. Absent an issue of compelling economic importance, we will generally not subject the fund to the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements.

The costs of voting (e.g., custodian fees, vote agency fees) in foreign markets may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As such, the fund may limit its voting on foreign holdings in instances in which the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on shareholder value.

VII. Voting Shares of a Company that has an Ownership Limitation

Certain companies have provisions in their governing documents that restrict stock ownership in excess of a specified limit. The ownership limit may be applied at the individual fund level or across all Vanguard-advised funds. Typically, these ownership restrictions are included in the governing documents of real estate investment trusts, but may be included in other companies’ governing documents.

A company’s governing documents normally allow the company to grant a waiver of these ownership limits, which would allow a fund (or all Vanguard-advised funds) to exceed the stated ownership limit. Sometimes a company will grant a waiver without restriction. From time to time, a company may grant a waiver only if a fund (or funds) agrees to not vote the company’s shares in excess of the normal specified limit. In such a circumstance, a fund may refrain from voting shares if owning the shares beyond the company’s specified limit is in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

VIII. Voting on a Fund’s Holdings of Other Vanguard Funds

Certain Vanguard funds (owner funds) may, from time to time, own shares of other Vanguard funds (underlying funds). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the owner funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying fund.

IX. The Proxy Voting Group

The Board has delegated the day-to-day operations of the funds’ proxy voting process to the Proxy Voting Group, which the Committee oversees. Although most votes will be determined, subject to the individual circumstances of each fund,

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by reference to the guidelines as separately adopted by each of the funds, there may be circumstances when the Proxy Voting Group will refer proxy issues to the Committee for consideration. In addition, at any time, the Board has the authority to vote proxies, when, at the Board’s or the Committee’s discretion, such action is warranted.

The Proxy Voting Group performs the following functions: (1) managing proxy voting vendors; (2) reconciling share positions; (3) analyzing proxy proposals using factors described in the guidelines; (4) determining and addressing potential or actual conflicts of interest that may be presented by a particular proxy; and (5) voting proxies. The Proxy Voting Group also prepares periodic and special reports to the Board, and any proposed amendments to the procedures and guidelines.

X. The Proxy Oversight Committee

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees, appoints the members of the Committee who are senior officers of Vanguard, a majority of whom are also officers of each Vanguard fund.

The Committee does not include anyone whose primary duties include external client relationship management or sales. This clear separation between the proxy voting and client relationship functions is intended to eliminate any potential conflict of interest in the proxy voting process. In the unlikely event that a member of the Committee believes he or she might have a conflict of interest regarding a proxy vote, that member must recuse himself or herself from the committee meeting at which the matter is addressed, and not participate in the voting decision.

The Committee works with the Proxy Voting Group to provide reports and other guidance to the Board regarding proxy voting by the funds. The Committee has an obligation to conduct its meetings and exercise its decision-making authority subject to the fiduciary standards of good faith, fairness, and Vanguard’s Code of Ethics. The Committee shall authorize proxy votes that the Committee determines, at its sole discretion, to be in the best interests of each fund’s shareholders. In determining how to apply the guidelines to a particular factual situation, the Committee may not take into account any interest that would conflict with the interest of fund shareholders in maximizing the value of their investments.

The Board may review these procedures and guidelines and modify them from time to time. The procedures and guidelines are available on Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com.

You may obtain a free copy of a report that details how the funds voted the proxies relating to the portfolio securities held by the funds for the prior 12-month period ended June 30 by logging on to Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com or the SEC’s website at sec.gov.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Each Fund’s Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, appearing in the Funds‘ 2011 Annual Reports to Shareholders, and the reports thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. For a more complete discussion of each Fund’s performance, please see the Funds‘ Annual and Semiannual Reports to Shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.

FTSE®” and “FTSE4Good ™” are trademarks jointly owned by the London Stock Exchange plc and The Financial Times Limited and are used by FTSE International Limited under license. “GEIS” and “All-World” are trademarks of FTSE International Limited. The FTSE4Good US Select Index, FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), FTSE All-World ex US Index, FTSE All-World Index, FTSE High Dividend Yield Index, and FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index are calculated by FTSE International Limited. FTSE International Limited does not sponsor, endorse, or promote the fund; is not in any way connected to it; and does not accept any liability in relation to its issue, operation, and trading. Russell is a trademark of The Frank Russell Company. Standard & Poor’s®, S&P ®, S&P 500 ®, Standard & Poor’s 500, 500 ®, S&P MidCap 400 ®, and S&P SmallCap 600 ®are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (“S&P”) and have been licensed for use by The Vanguard Group, Inc. The Vanguard mutual funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by S&P or its Affiliates, and S&P and its Affiliates make no representation, warranty, or condition regarding the advisability of buying, selling, or holding units/shares in the funds. Vanguard ETFs are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by Barclays Capital. Barclays Capital makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard ETFs or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard ETFs particularly or the ability of the Barclays Capital Index to track general bond market performance. Barclays Capital hereby expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the Barclays Capital Index and any data included therein. Barclays Capital’s only relationship to Vanguard and Vanguard ETFs is the licensing of the Barclays Capital Index which is determined, composed, and calculated by Barclays Capital without regard to Vanguard or the Vanguard ETFs. Barclays Capital is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of Vanguard ETFs to be issued. CFA® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.

 

SAI022 022012

 

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PART C

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits

(a)      Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, filed on February 26, 2009, Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, are hereby incorporated by reference.
(b)      By-Laws, filed on February 24, 2011, Post-Effective Amendment No. 115, are incorporated by reference.
(c)      Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders, reference is made to Articles III and V of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, refer to Exhibit (a) above.
(d)      Investment Advisory Contracts, for Wellington Management Company, LLP, and AllianceBernstein L.P., filed on February 22, 2008, Post-Effective Amendment No. 110; for Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, filed on December 21, 2009, Post-Effective Amendment No. 112; and for Sanders Capital, LLC, filed on February 24, 2010, Post-Effective Amendment No. 114, are hereby incorporated by reference. For Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, Lazard Asset Management, LLC, and Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc., are filed herewith. The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides investment advisory services to the Funds at cost pursuant to the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, refer to (h) below.
(e)      Underwriting Contracts, not applicable
(f)      Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts, reference is made to the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement.
(g)      Custodian Agreement, for Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., is filed herewith.
(h)      Other Material Contracts, Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, is filed herewith.
(i)      Legal Opinion, not applicable.
(j)      Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, is filed herewith.
(k)      Omitted Financial Statements, not applicable.
(l)      Initial Capital Agreements, not applicable.
(m)      Rule 12b-1 Plan, not applicable.
(n)      Rule 18f-3 Plan, is filed herewith.
(o)      Reserved.
(p)      Codes of Ethics, for Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, and Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Srauss, LLC, filed on February 22, 2008, Post-Effective Amendment No. 110; for Wellington Management Company, LLP, filed on February 24, 2011, Post-Effective Amendment No. 115; and The Vanguard Group, Inc., filed on January 13, 2010, Post-Effective Amendment No. 113, are hereby incorporated by reference. For Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc., Lazard Asset Management, LLC, and AllianceBernstein L.P., are filed herewith.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant

Registrant is not controlled by or under common control with any person.

Item 30. Indemnification

The Registrant’s organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacities. Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer. Article VI of the By-Laws generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that capacity. Among other things, this provision


 

excludes any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee’s or officer’s office with the Registrant.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Barrow, Hanley, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Barrow, Hanley pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-31237).

Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (Hotchkis and Wiley) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Hotchkis and Wiley, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Hotchkis and Wiley pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-60512).

AllianceBernstein L.P. (AllianceBernstein) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of AllianceBernstein, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by AllianceBernstein pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-56720).

Wellington Management Company, LLP (Wellington Management) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and partners of Wellington Management, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and partners during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Wellington Management pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-15908).

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Vanguard, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-11953).

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (Armstrong Shaw) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Armstrong Shaw, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Armstrong Shaw pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-20597).

Lazard Asset Management LLC (Lazard) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Lazard Asset Management, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Lazard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-61701).

Sanders Capital, LLC (Sanders) is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and members of Sanders, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and members during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Sanders pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-70661).


 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

 

(a)Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc., is the principal underwriter of each fund within the Vanguard group of investment companies, a family of more than 170 mutual funds.

(b)The principal business address of each named director and officer of Vanguard Marketing Corporation is 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355.

Name Positions and Office with Underwriter Positions and Office with Funds
Mortimer J. Buckley Director and Senior Vice President None
Martha G. King Director and Senior Vice President None
F. William McNabb III Chairman Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Michael S. Miller Director and Managing Director None
Glenn W. Reed Director None
George U. Sauter Director and Senior Vice President None
Heidi Stam Director and Senior Vice President Secretary
Richard D. Carpenter Treasurer None
David L. Cermak Principal None
Joseph Colaizzo Financial and Operations Principal None
Salvatore L. Pantalone Financial and Operations Principal and Assistant None
  Treasurer  
Michael L. Kimmel Secretary None
John C. Heywood Principal None
Jack T. Wagner Assistant Treasurer None
Jennifer M. Halliday Assistant Treasurer None
Nakia P. Thomas Assistant Secretary None
Joseph F. Miele Registered Municipal Securities Principal None
Jane K. Myer Principal None
Pauline C. Scalvino Chief Compliance Officer Chief Compliance Officer
Paul Atkins Assistant Treasurer None
Timothy P. Holmes Principal None
Colin M. Kelton Principal None
 
(c)Not Applicable.    
 

 


 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) under the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Transfer Agent, The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; and the Registrant’s Custodian, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109.

Item 34. Management Services

Other than as set forth in the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not Applicable


 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 27th day of February, 2012.

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

BY:____________/s/ F. William McNabb III*____

F. William McNabb III
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:

Signature Title Date
 
/s/ F. William McNabb III* Chairman and Chief Executive February 27, 2012
  Officer  
F. William McNabb III    
/s/ Emerson U. Fullwood* Trustee February 27, 2012
Emerson U. Fullwood    
/s/ Rajiv L. Gupta* Trustee February 27, 2012
Rajiv L. Gupta    
/s/ Amy Gutmann* Trustee February 27, 2012
Amy Gutmann    
/s/ JoAnn Heffernan Heisen* Trustee February 27, 2012
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen    
/s/ F. Joseph Loughrey* Trustee February 27, 2012
F. Joseph Loughrey    
/s/ André F. Perold* Trustee February 27, 2012
André F. Perold    
/s/ Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.* Trustee February 27, 2012
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.    
/s/ Peter F. Volanakis* Trustee February 27, 2012
Peter F. Volanakis    
/s/ Thomas J. Higgins* Chief Financial Officer February 27, 2012
Thomas J. Higgins    

 

*By: /s/ Heidi Stam

Heidi Stam, pursuant to a Power of Attorney filed on November 28, 2011, see File Number 33-23444, Incorporated by Reference.

 


 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS  
 
Investment Advisory Contracts, Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC Ex-99.D
Investment Advisory Contracts, Lazard Asset Management, LLC Ex-99.D
Investment Advisory Contracts, Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc Ex-99.D
Custodian Agreement, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co Ex-99.G
Other Material Contracts, Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement Ex-99.H
Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Ex-99.J
Rule 18-3 Plan. Ex-99.N
Codes of Ethics, Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc Ex-99.P
Codes of Ethics, Lazard Asset Management, LLC Ex-99.P
Codes of Ethics, AllianceBernstein L.P. Ex-99.P

 


 
EX-99.D ADVSR CONTR 2 armstrongiacontract.txt ARMSTRONG ADVISORY CONTRACT INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT is made as of this 1st day of January, 2006, between Vanguard Windsor Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), and Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (the "Advisor"), a Delaware Corporation. W I T N E S S E T H WHEREAS, the Trust is an open-end, diversified management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"); and WHEREAS, the Trust offers a series of shares known as Vanguard Windsor II Fund (the "Fund"); and WHEREAS, the Trust desires to retain the Advisor to render investment advisory services to the Fund, and the Advisor is willing to render such services. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and undertakings set forth in this "Agreement," the Trust and the Advisor hereby agree as follows: 1. APPOINTMENT OF ADVISOR. The Trust hereby employs the Advisor as investment advisor, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, for the portion of the assets of the Fund that the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board of Trustees") determines in its sole discretion to assign to the Advisor from time to time (referred to in this Agreement as the "ASA Portfolio"). As of the date of this Agreement, the ASA Portfolio will consist of the portion of the assets of the Fund that the Board of Trustees has determined to assign to the Advisor, as communicated to the Advisor on behalf of the Board of Trustees by The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("Vanguard"). The Board of Trustees may, from time to time, make additions to, and withdrawals from, the assets of the Fund assigned to the Advisor. The Advisor accepts such employment and agrees to render the services herein set forth, for the compensation herein provided. 2. DUTIES OF ADVISOR. The Trust employs the Advisor to manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the ASA Portfolio; to continuously review, supervise, and administer an investment program for the ASA Portfolio; to determine in its discretion the securities to be purchased or sold and the portion of such assets to be held uninvested; to provide the Fund with all records concerning the activities of the Advisor that the Fund is required to maintain; and to render regular reports to the Trust's officers and Board of Trustees concerning the discharge of the foregoing responsibilities. The Advisor will discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of the Trust's officers and the Board of Trustees, and in compliance with the objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Fund's prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, any additional operating policies or procedures that the Fund communicates to the Advisor in writing, and applicable laws and regulations. The Advisor agrees to provide, at its own expense, the office space, furnishings and equipment, and personnel required by it to perform the services on the terms and for the compensation provided herein. At no time will the advisor have custody of the assets. 3. SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS. The Advisor is authorized to select the brokers or dealers that will execute purchases and sales of securities for the ASA Portfolio, and is directed to use its best efforts to obtain best execution for such transactions. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute trades for the ASA Portfolio, the Advisor will comply with all applicable statutes, rules, interpretations by the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff, other applicable law, and the written policies and procedures established by the Fund's Board of Trustees and communicated to the Advisor in writing. 4. COMPENSATION OF ADVISOR. For services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement, the Fund will pay to the Advisor, and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation therefore, an investment advisory fee at the rate specified in Schedule A to this Agreement. The fee will be calculated based on annual percentage rates applied to the average month-end net assets of the ASA Portfolio and will be paid to the Advisor quarterly. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the partial fiscal quarter beginning on the Effective Date (defined in Section 10) and ending on January 31, 2006, the fee shall be calculated as described above, subject to a pro rata adjustment based on the number of days in the period during which the Fund had net assets greater than zero as a percentage of the total number of days in such quarter. 5. REPORTS. The Fund and the Advisor agree to furnish to each other current prospectuses, proxy statements, reports to shareholders, certified copies of their financial statements, and such other information with regard to their affairs as each may reasonably request, including, but not limited to, information about changes in partners of the Advisor. The Fund acknowledges receipt of Part II of the Advisor's Form ADV. 6. COMPLIANCE. The Advisor agrees to comply with all Applicable Law and all policies, procedures or reporting requirements that the Board of Trustees of the Trust reasonably adopts and communicates to the Advisor in writing, including, without limitation, any such policies, procedures or reporting requirements relating to soft dollar or other brokerage arrangements. "Applicable Law" means (i) the "federal securities laws" as defined in Rule 38a-l(e)(l) under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, and (ii) any and all other laws, rules, and regulations, whether foreign or domestic, in each case applicable at any time and from time to time to the investment management operations of the Advisor. 7. STATUS OF ADVISOR. The services of the Advisor to the Fund are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Advisor will be free to render similar services to others so long as its services to the Fund are not impaired thereby. The Advisor will be deemed to be an independent contractor and will, unless otherwise expressly provided or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund or the Trust. 8. LIABILITY OF ADVISOR. No provision of this Agreement will be deemed to protect the Advisor against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations with respect to the Advisor's management of the ASA Portfolio under this Agreement. 9. LIMITATIONS ON CONSULTATIONS. The Advisor is prohibited from consulting with other advisors of the Fund, except Vanguard, concerning transactions for the Fund in securities or other assets. 10. Duration; Termination; Notices; Amendment. This Agreement will become effective on the date hereof and will continue in effect for a period of two years thereafter, and shall continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods thereafter, only so long as this Agreement is approved at least annually by votes of the Trust's Board of Trustees who are not parties to such Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. In addition, the question of continuance of the Agreement may be presented to the shareholders of the Fund; in such event, such continuance will be effected only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, (i) this Agreement may at any time be terminated without payment of any penalty either by vote of the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, on thirty days' written notice to the Advisor, (ii) this Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, and (iii) this Agreement may be terminated by the Advisor on ninety days' written notice to the Fund. Any notice under this Agreement will be given in writing, addressed and delivered, or mailed postpaid, to the other party as follows: If to the Fund, at: Vanguard Windsor II Fund P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482 Attention: Joseph P. Brennan Telephone: 610-503-2042 Facsimile: 610-503-5855 If to the Advisor, at: Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. 45 Grove Street New Canaan, CT 06840 Attention: Jeffrey M. Shaw Telephone: 203-972-9600 Facsimile: 203-972-9630 This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent, but the consent of the Trust must be approved (i) by a majority of those members of the Board of Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such amendment, and (ii) to the extent required by the 1940 Act, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund of the Trust. As used in this Section 10, the terms "assignment," "interested persons," and "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" will have the respective meanings set forth in Section 2(a)(4), Section 2(a)(19) and Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act. 11. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement will be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement will not be affected thereby. 12. CONFIDENTIALITY. The Advisor shall keep confidential any and all information obtained in connection with the services rendered hereunder and relating directly or indirectly to the Fund, the Trust, or Vanguard and shall not disclose any such information to any person other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, Vanguard, and any director, officer, or employee of the Trust or Vanguard, except (i) with the prior written consent of the Trust, (ii) as required by law, regulation, court order or the rules or regulations of any self-regulatory organization, governmental body or official having jurisdiction over the Advisor, or (iii) for information that is publicly available other than due to disclosure by the Advisor or its affiliates or becomes known to the Advisor from a source other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or Vanguard. 13. PROXY POLICY. The Advisor acknowledges that Vanguard will vote the shares of all securities that are held by the Fund unless other mutually acceptable arrangements are made with the Advisor with respect to the ASA Portfolio. 14. GOVERNING LAW. All questions concerning the validity, meaning, and effect of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws (without giving effect to the conflict-of-law principles thereof) of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed in that state. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Investment Advisory Agreement to be executed as of the date first set forth herein. Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. Vanguard Windsor Funds /S/ JEFFREY M. SHAW 12/22/05 /S/ JOHN J. BRENNAN 12/20/05 _____________________ _________ ____________________ ________ Signature Date Signature Date Jeffrey M. Shaw John J. Brennan _____________________ ____________________ Print Name Print Name VANGUARD WINDSOR II FUND INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT ADDENDUM EFFECTIVE MAY 1, 2006 This Addendum amends Section 1.1 of Schedule A of the Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 1, 2006 between Vanguard Windsor Funds (the "Trust") and Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. ("ASA," or the "Advisor") for the management of a portion of Vanguard Windsor II Fund (the "Fund"), a series of the Trust, as follows: A. AMENDMENT 1.1. CALCULATION OF THE BASE FEE. The Base Fee for each fiscal quarter of the Fund is calculated by multiplying an Annual Percentage Rate (shown below) to the average daily net assets of the ASA Portfolio during such fiscal quarter, and dividing the result by four. The Fund's fiscal quarter ends are the months ending January, April, July, and October. In the event of termination of this Agreement, the fee provided in this Section for the period beginning on the first day of the then-current fiscal quarter and ending on the last business day on which this Agreement is in effect (the "Short Quarter") shall be calculated by applying the foregoing annual percentage rates to the average daily net assets of the ASA Portfolio during the Short Quarter, dividing the result by four, and multiplying that figure by a ratio equal to the number of days in the Short Quarter divided by the total number of days in the full quarter. B. MISCELLANEOUS Except as specifically amended hereby, all of the terms and conditions of the Investment Advisory Agreement are unaffected and shall continue to be in full force and effect and shall be binding upon the parties in accordance with its terms. ARMSTRONG SHAW ASSOCIATES INC. VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS Monica C. Grady 6/8/06 John J. Brennan 6/5/06 ------------------------------ -------------- ---------------------- -------- Signature Date Signature Date MONICA C. GRADY JOHN J. BRENNAN ------------------------------ ---------------------- Print Name Print Name EX-99.D ADVSR CONTR 3 barrowhanleyiacontract.htm BARROW HANLEY ADVISORY CONTRACT barrowhanleyiacontract.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

THIS AGREEMENT is made as of this 1st day of May, 2006, between the Vanguard Windsor Funds, a Delaware business trust (the "Trust"), and Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, INC., a Nevada corporation (the "Advisor”).

 

W I T N E S S E T H

 

            WHEREAS the Trust is an open-end, diversified management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act");

 

            WHEREAS, the Trust offers a series of shares known as Vanguard Windsor II Fund (the “Fund”);

 

            WHEREAS, the Trust retains the Advisor to render investment advisory services to the Fund under an Investment Advisory Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2005 (the “Prior Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend and restate such Investment Advisory Agreement in certain respects, and the Advisor is willing to render investment advisory services to the Fund in accordance with such amendments.

 

            NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and undertakings set forth in this “Agreement,” the Trust and the Advisor hereby agree as follows:

 

1.         Appointment of Advisor. The Trust hereby employs the Advisor as investment advisor, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, for the portion of the assets of the Fund that the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board of Trustees”) determines in its sole discretion to assign to the Advisor from time to time (referred to in this Agreement as the “BHMS Portfolio”). As of the date of this Agreement, the BHMS Portfolio will consist of the portion of the assets of the Fund that the Board of Trustees has determined to assign to the Advisor, as communicated to the Advisor on behalf of the Board of Trustees by The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“Vanguard”), including cash that may be directed to The Vanguard Group, Inc. for cash management purposes. The Board of Trustees may, from time to time, make additions to, and withdrawals from, the assets of the Fund assigned to the Advisor. The Advisor accepts such employment and agrees to render the services herein set forth, for the compensation herein provided.

 

2.         Duties of Advisor. The Trust employs the Advisor to manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the BHMS Portfolio; to continuously review, supervise, and administer an investment program for the BHMS Portfolio; to determine in its discretion the securities to be purchased or sold and the portion of such assets to be held uninvested; to provide the Fund with all records concerning the activities of the Advisor that the Fund is required to maintain; and to render regular reports to the Trust’s officers and Board of Trustees concerning the discharge of the foregoing responsibilities. The Advisor will discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of the Trust’s officers and the Board of Trustees, and in compliance with the objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, any additional operating policies or procedures that the Fund communicates to the Advisor in writing, and applicable laws and regulations. The Advisor agrees to provide, at its own expense, the office space, furnishings and equipment, and personnel required by it to perform the services on the terms and for the compensation provided herein.

 


 

 

 

3.         Securities Transactions. The Advisor is authorized to select the brokers or dealers that will execute purchases and sales of securities for the BHMS Portfolio, and is directed to use its best efforts to obtain best execution for such transactions.  In selecting brokers or dealers to execute trades for the BHMS Portfolio, the Advisor will comply with all applicable statutes, rules, interpretations by the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff, other applicable law, and the written policies established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees and communicated to the Advisor in writing.

 

4.         Compensation of Advisor. For services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement, the Fund will pay to the Advisor, and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation therefore, an investment advisory fee at the rate specified in Schedule A to this Agreement. The fee will be calculated based on annual percentage rates applied to the average daily net assets of the BHMS Portfolio (“Base Fee”) and will be paid to the Advisor quarterly.  Further, the investment advisory fee will be increased or decreased by applying a performance adjustment (“Performance Adjustment”), as specified in Schedule A

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, for services rendered pursuant to this Agreement, the Fund shall pay to the Advisor, for the 12 fiscal quarters within which this Agreement is in effect, a Performance Fee Adjustment calculated as described in Schedule B.   

 

5.         Reports.  The Fund and the Advisor agree to furnish to each other current prospectuses, proxy statements, reports to shareholders, certified copies of their financial statements, and such other information with regard to their affairs as each may reasonably request.

 

6.         Compliance with Applicable Law and Board Requirements. The Advisor agrees to comply with all Applicable Law and all policies, procedures or reporting requirements that the Board of Trustees of the Trust reasonably adopts and communicates to the Advisor in writing, including, without limitation, any such policies, procedures or reporting requirements relating to soft dollar or directed brokerage arrangements.  “Applicable Law” means (i) the “federal securities laws” as defined in Rule 38a-1(e)(1) under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, as they relate to the services provided by the Advisor to the Trust pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) any and all other laws, rules, and regulations, whether foreign or domestic, in each case applicable at any time and from time to time to the investment management operations of the Advisor. 

 


 

 

 

7.         Status of Advisor. The services of the Advisor to the Fund are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Advisor will be free to render similar services to others so long as its services to the Fund are not impaired thereby. The Advisor will be deemed to be an independent contractor and will, unless otherwise expressly provided or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund or the Trust.

 

8.         Liability of Advisor. No provision of this Agreement will be deemed to protect the Advisor against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

9.         Limitations on Consultations.  The Advisor is prohibited from consulting with other advisors of the Fund, except Vanguard, concerning transactions for the Fund in securities or other assets.

 

10.       Duration; Termination; Notices; Amendment. This Agreement will become effective on the date hereof and shall continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods, only so long as this Agreement is approved at least annually by votes of the Trust’s Board of Trustees who are not parties to such Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. In addition, the question of continuance of the Agreement may be presented to the shareholders of the Fund; in such event, such continuance will be effected only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, (i) this Agreement may at any time be terminated without payment of any penalty either by vote of the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, on thirty days’ written notice to the Advisor, (ii) this Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, and (iii) this Agreement may be terminated by the Advisor on ninety days’ written notice to the Fund. Any notice under this Agreement will be given in writing, addressed and delivered, or mailed postpaid, to the other party as follows:

 


 

 

 

             If to the Fund, at:  

Vanguard Windsor II Fund
P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482

Attention: Joseph P. Brennan
Telephone: 610-503-2042
Facsimile: 610-503-5855

If to the Advisor, at:
Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, Inc.

JPMorgan Chase Tower

2200 Ross Avenue, 31st Floor

Dallas, TX 75201

Attn: James P. Barrow

Phone: 214-665-1900

Fax: 214-953-7543

 

This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent, but the consent of the Trust must be approved (i) by a majority of those members of the Board of Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such amendment, and (ii) to the extent required by the 1940 Act, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund of the Trust.

 

As used in this Section 10, the terms “assignment,” “interested persons,” and “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” will have the respective meanings set forth in Section 2(a)(4), Section 2(a)(19) and Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act.

 

11.       Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement will be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement will not be affected thereby.

 

12.       Confidentiality. The Advisor shall keep confidential any and all information obtained in connection with the services rendered hereunder and relating directly or indirectly to the Fund, the Trust, or Vanguard and shall not disclose any such information to any person other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, Vanguard, and any director, officer, or employee of the Trust or Vanguard, except (i) with the prior written consent of the Trust, (ii) as required by law, regulation, court order or the rules or regulations of any self-regulatory organization, governmental body or official having jurisdiction over the Advisor, or (iii) for information that is publicly available other than due to disclosure by the Advisor or its affiliates or becomes known to the Advisor from a source other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or Vanguard.

 


 

 

 

13.       Proxy Policy. The Advisor acknowledges that Vanguard will vote the shares of all securities that are held by the Fund unless other mutually acceptable arrangements are made with the Advisor with respect to the BHMS Portfolio.

 

14.       Governing Law. All questions concerning the validity, meaning, and effect of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws (without giving effect to the conflict-of-law principles thereof) of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed in that state.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement to be executed as of the date first set forth herein.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney &

 

 

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

 

 Strauss, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signature

Date 

 

Signature

Date 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Print Name

 

 

Print Name

 

 

 


EX-99.D ADVSR CONTR 4 lazardiacontract.txt LAZARD ADVISORY CONTRACT INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT is made as of this 9th day of January, 2007, between Vanguard Windsor Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), and Lazard Asset Management LLC (the "Advisor"), a Delaware limited liability company. W I T N E S S E T H WHEREAS, the Trust is an open-end, diversified management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"); and WHEREAS, the Trust offers a series of shares known as Vanguard Windsor II Fund (the "Fund"); and WHEREAS, the Trust desires to retain the Advisor to render investment advisory services to the Fund, and the Advisor is willing to render such services. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and undertakings set forth in this Agreement, the Trust and the Advisor hereby agree as follows: 1. Appointment of Advisor. The Trust hereby employs the Advisor as investment advisor, on the terms and conditions set forth herein, for the portion of the assets of the Fund that the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board of Trustees") determines in its sole discretion to assign to the Advisor from time to time (referred to in this Agreement as the "Lazard Portfolio"), as communicated to the Advisor on behalf of the Board of Trustees by The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("Vanguard"). The Board of Trustees may, from time to time, make additions to, and withdrawals from, the assets of the Fund assigned to the Advisor. The Advisor accepts such employment and agrees to render the services herein set forth, for the compensation herein provided. 2. Duties of Advisor. The Trust employs the Advisor to manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Lazard Portfolio; to continuously review, supervise, and administer an investment program for the Lazard Portfolio; to determine in its discretion the securities to be purchased or sold and the portion of such assets to be held uninvested; to provide the Fund with all records concerning the activities of the Advisor that the Fund is required to maintain; and to render regular reports to the Trust's officers and the Board of Trustees concerning the discharge of the foregoing responsibilities. The Advisor will discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of the Trust's officers and the Board of Trustees, and in compliance with the objective, policies, and limitations set forth in the Fund's prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, any additional operating policies or procedures that the Fund communicates to the Advisor in writing, and applicable laws and regulations. The Advisor agrees to provide, at its own expense, the office space, furnishings and equipment, and personnel required by it to perform the services on the terms and for the compensation provided herein. 3. Securities Transactions. The Advisor is authorized to select the brokers or dealers that will execute purchases and sales of securities for the Lazard Portfolio, and is directed to seek to obtain best execution for such transactions consistent with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and subject to written policies and procedures provided to the Advisor. The Advisor will promptly communicate to the Trust's officers and the Board of Trustees such information relating to portfolio transactions as they may reasonably request. 4. Compensation of Advisor. For services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement, the Fund will pay to the Advisor, and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation therefore an amount (the "Total Advisory Fee") equal to a base fee ("Base Fee") plus a performance adjustment amount ("Performance Adjustment"), as specified in Schedule A. 5. Reports. The Fund and the Advisor agree to furnish to each other current prospectuses, proxy statements, reports to shareholders, certified copies of their financial statements, and such other information with regard to their affairs as each may reasonably request. The Fund acknowledges receipt of Part II of the Advisor's Form ADV. The Fund hereby agrees to provide to the Advisor with reasonable advance notice, in writing, of: (i) any change to the Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions as stated in the prospectus; (ii) any change to the Trust's declaration of trust or by-laws that is material to the services to be provided by the Advisor; or (iii) any material change in the Trust's compliance procedures. In addition to such notice, the Fund shall provide to the Advisor a copy of a modified Prospectus and copies of the revised Trust compliance procedures, as applicable, reflecting such changes. 6. Compliance. The Advisor agrees to comply with all Applicable Law and all policies, procedures, or reporting requirements that the Board of Trustees reasonably adopts and communicates to the Advisor in writing, including, without limitation, any such policies, procedures or reporting requirements relating to soft dollar or other brokerage arrangements. "Applicable Law" means (i) the "federal securities laws" as defined in Rule 38a-1(e)(1) under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, and (ii) any and all other laws, rules, and regulations, whether foreign or domestic, in each case applicable at any time and from time to time to the investment management operations of the Advisor in relation to the Lazard Portfolio. 7. Status of Advisor. The services of the Advisor to the Fund are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Advisor will be free to render similar services to others so long as its services to the Fund are not impaired thereby. The Advisor will be deemed to be an independent contractor and will, unless otherwise expressly provided or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund or the Trust. 8. Liability of Advisor. No provision of this Agreement will be deemed to protect the Advisor against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement. 9. Limitations on Consultations. The Advisor is prohibited from consulting with other advisors of the Fund concerning transactions for the Fund in securities or other assets. 10. Duration; Termination; Notices; Amendment. This Agreement will become effective on the date hereof and will continue in effect for a period of two years thereafter, and shall continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods thereafter, only so long as each such continuance is approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of those Trustees who are not parties to such Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. In addition, the question of continuance of the Agreement may be presented to the shareholders of the Fund; in such event, such continuance will be effected only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, (i) this Agreement may at any time be terminated without payment of any penalty either by vote of the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, on thirty days' written notice to the Advisor, (ii) this Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, and (iii) this Agreement may be 2 terminated by the Advisor on ninety days' written notice to the Fund. Any notice under this Agreement will be given in writing, addressed and delivered, or mailed postpaid, to the other party as follows: If to the Fund, at: Vanguard Windsor II Fund P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482 Attention: Joseph P. Brennan Telephone: 610-503-2042 Facsimile: 610-503-5855 If to the Advisor, at: Lazard Asset Management LLC 30 Rockefeller Plaza 59th Floor New York, New York 10112 Attention: General Counsel Telephone: 212-632-6621 Facsimile: 212-332-1703 This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent, but the consent of the Trust must be approved (i) by a majority of those members of the Board of Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such amendment, and (ii) to the extent required by the 1940 Act, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. As used in this Section 10, the terms "assignment," "interested persons," and "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" will have the respective meanings set forth in Section 2(a)(4), Section 2(a)(19) and Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act. 11. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement will be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement will not be affected thereby. 12. Confidentiality. The Advisor shall keep confidential any and all information obtained in connection with the services rendered hereunder and shall not disclose any such information to any person other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees, Vanguard, and any director, officer, or employee of the Trust or Vanguard, except (i) with the prior written consent of the Trust, (ii) as required by law, regulation, court order, or the rules or regulations of any self-regulatory organization, governmental body, or official having jurisdiction over the Advisor, or (iii) for information that is publicly available other than due to disclosure by the Advisor or its affiliates or becomes known to the Advisor from a source other than the Trust, the Board of Trustees, or Vanguard. 13. Proxy Policy. The Advisor acknowledges that Vanguard will vote the shares of all securities that are held by the Fund unless other mutually acceptable arrangements are made with the Advisor with respect to the Lazard Portfolio. 14. Governing Law. All questions concerning the validity, meaning, and effect of this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws (without giving effect to the conflict-of-law principles thereof) of the State of placeStateDelaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed in that state. 3 15. Use of Advisor's Name. It is understood that the name "Lazard Asset Management" or "Lazard" and the logo associated with these names is the valuable property of the Advisor. During the term of this Agreement, the Fund and Vanguard shall have permission to use the Advisor's name in the marketing of the Fund, and agrees to furnish the Advisor all prospectuses, proxy statements, and reports to shareholders prepared for distribution to shareholders of the Fund or the public, which refer to the Advisor in any way. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Investment Advisory Agreement to be executed as of the date first set forth herein. Lazard Asset Management LLC Vanguard Windsor Funds /S/ ASHISH BHUTANI 1/5/07 /S/ JOHN J. BRENNAN 1/5/2007 ------------------------ --------- ------------------------ --------- Signature Date Signature Date Ashish Bhutani John J. Brennan ------------------------ ------------------------ Print Name Print Name EX-99.G CUST AGREEMT 5 bbhcustodianagreement.htm BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN CUSTODIAL AGREEMENT bbhcustodianagreement.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing


 



 



 
EX-99.H OTH MAT CONT 6 fundsserviceagreement.htm FUNDS' SERVICE AGREEMENT fundsserviceagreement.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

 

FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED FUNDS’ SERVICE AGREEMENT

 

            This Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, made as of the 8th day of June, 2009 (the “Agreement”), between and among the investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), whose names are set forth on the signature page of this Agreement, which together with any additional investment companies which may become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 and 5.5 are collectively called the “Funds”; and The Vanguard Group, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Service Company”).

            Whereas, each of the Funds has heretofore determined (as evidenced by, among many documents, prior versions* of this Agreement (the “Prior Agreements”), and by prospectuses and proxy statements of the Funds related thereto): (i) to manage and perform the corporate management, administrative and share distribution functions required for its continued operation, (ii) to create a structure which enhances the independence of the Funds from the providers of external services, (iii) to share, on an equitable and fair basis, with all of the other Funds the expenses of establishing the means to accomplish these objectives at the lowest reasonable cost; and

            Whereas, each of the Funds:  (i) has heretofore determined that these objectives can best be accomplished by establishing a company: (a) to be wholly-owned by the Funds; (b) to provide corporate management, administrative, and distribution services, and upon the reasonable request of any Fund to provide other service to such Fund at cost; (c) to employ the executive, managerial, administrative, secretarial and clerical personnel necessary or appropriate to perform such services; and (d) to acquire such assets and to obtain such facilities and equipment as are necessary or appropriate to carry out such services, and to make those assets available to the Funds; and (ii) since May 1, 1975 (or the commencement of its operations after this date) has utilized Service Company, pursuant to the provisions of the Prior Agreements; and

            Whereas, each of the Funds has further heretofore recognized that it may, from time to time, be in the best interests of the Funds (i) for Service Company to provide similar services to investment companies other than the Funds, (ii) for the Funds to organize, from time to time, new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement; and, (iii) for Service Company to engage in business activities (directly or through subsidiaries), supportive of the Funds’ operations as investment companies; and

            Whereas, each of the Funds desires to enter into a completely integrated Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement with the other Funds to (i) set forth the current terms and provisions of the relationships which the Funds have determined to establish; and (ii) make non-substantive amendments to the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, including correcting the names of the Funds set forth on the signature page of this Agreement.

            Now, Therefore, each Fund agrees with each and all of the other Funds, and with Service Company, as follows:

 

 

 


* Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 1, 1975; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated October 1, 1977; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 10, 1993, an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated January 1, 1996, and an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated June 15, 2001 as therefore amended.

 


 

 

I.       CAPITALIZATION AND ASSETS OF SERVICE COMPANY

 

1.1 Capital and Assets.  To provide the Service Company with the cash and with the office space, facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees:

A.   To make cash investments in the Service Company as provided in Sections 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

B.    To assign and transfer to Service Company on and after May 1, 1975 any and all right, title and interest which the Funds may have in any office facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities and in any other assets which Service Company may develop or acquire, subject only to the rights reserved in Section 1.6 (concerning certain major assets).  Section 5.2 (concerning rights upon withdrawal) and Section 5.3 (concerning rights upon termination) of the Agreement.

1.2 Cash Investments in Service Company.   To provide Service Company with such cash as may be necessary or appropriate from time to time to accomplish the purposes of the Funds and to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees to purchase, for cash, shares of common stock of Service Company (“Shares”) or such other securities of Service Company (hereafter referred to as “other securities”) upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares adopting a resolution setting forth the terms and provisions of the purchase.  Provided, however, that:

A.   Without the consent of all of the Funds, the date for the purchase of Shares or other securities shall not be less than 15 days following the date on which the resolution is approved by the shareholders.

B.    The cash purchase price to be paid by any Fund for the Shares or other securities, expressed as a percentage of the total purchase price for the additional securities to be paid by all of the Funds shall not exceed the percentage which the then current net assets of the Fund bears to the aggregate current net assets of all of the Funds as of the most recent month-end preceding the purchase date.

1.3 Periodic Adjustments of Cash Investments.  To maintain and re-establish periodically a fair and proportionate ratio of cash investments by each Fund in the Service Company as compared to its then current net assets, each Fund agrees to purchase from one or more of the other Funds, or to sell one or more of the Funds, sufficient Shares or other securities to re-establish the ratio.

A.   Such purchases and sales shall be made (1) as of the last business day of any month upon the addition or withdrawal of any Fund as a party to this Agreement, provided that if the addition or withdrawal of a Fund creates no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors), and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made, the adjustment may be deferred until the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year; (2) in connection with additional investments pursuant to Section 1.2; and (3) annually as of the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year, on a date fixed by Service Company’s Board of Directors within 90 days after the close of the fiscal year unless there is no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors) and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made.

B.    The cash purchases and sale price of the Share or other securities shall be for each Fund (1) in the case of Shares, the fair market value of Shares determined in accord with generally accepted accounting principles and procedures established by the Board of Directors of Service Company; and (2) in the case of debt securities, the face value thereof.

 


 

 

C.    Unless specifically required by applicable law, the issuance and transfer of Shares or other securities of Service Company, and the cash investments of the Funds in Service Company, may be evidenced by proper records of Service Company; and no certificates need be issued.

1.4 Limitation Upon Funds’ Obligations to Make Cash Investments or Purchases.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 above, no Fund shall be obligated to purchase Shares or other securities of Service Company if, as a result of such purchase the Fund would thereby have invested in cash a total of more than 0.40% of its then current net assets in Shares or other securities of Service Company.

1.5 Restrictions on Transfer of Shares or Other Securities.    Each Fund agrees that it will not, without the written consent of all other parties to this Agreement, transfer or dispose of or encumber any of its Shares or other securities of Service Company except as provided in this Agreement, and that, if issued, each certificate for Shares or other securities of Service Company will be stamped with a legend referring to this restriction.

1.6 Assets of Service Company.         The Funds agree that Service Company may acquire, by purchase or lease, office space, furniture, equipment, supplies, files, records, computer hardware and software, and other assets necessary or appropriate for the discharge of the Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder.  Each of the Funds hereby assigns and transfers to Service Company, any and all right, title and interest that it may have or hereafter acquire in any such assets, subject to the rights of each Fund (A) to receive the then fair value of such assets upon the purchase or sale of Shares pursuant to this Agreement, (B) to the continued use of such assets in the administration of the business affairs of a Fund so long as the Fund remains a party to this Agreement.

1.7 Borrowing by Service Company.    The Funds agree that Service Company may borrow money, and may issue a note or other security in connection with such borrowing, as long as such borrowing, is in connection with the discharge of Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder and is undertaken in accord with procedures approved by the Service Company’s Board of Directors.

 

II.   SERVICES TO BE OBTAINED INDEPENDENTLY BY EACH FUND

 

2.1 Services and Expenses.     Each Fund shall, at its own expense, obtain from Service Company or an outside vendor (as that Fund’s Board of Trustees shall determine):

A.   Services of an independent public accountant.

B.    Services of outside legal counsel.

C.    Transfer agency services, including “shareholder services.”

D.   Custodian, registrar and dividend disbursing services.

E.    Brokerage fees, commissions and transfer taxes in connection with the purchase and sale of securities for its investment portfolio.

F.     Investment advisory services.

G.   Taxes and other fees applicable to its operations.

 


 

 

H.   Costs incident to its annual or special meetings of shareholders, including but not limited to legal and accounting fees, and the preparations, printing and mailing of proxy materials.

I.      Trustees’ fees.

J.      Costs incurred in the continued maintenance of its corporate existence, including reports to shareholders and government agencies, and the expenses, if any, attributable to the registration of the Fund’s shares with Federal and state regulatory authorities.

K.   And, in general and except as provided in Section 3.2(B), any other costs directly attributable to and identified with a particular Fund or Funds rather than all Funds which are parties to this Agreement.

2.2 Disbursement of Payment for These Services.   Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.1 above, Service Company may, as agent for any Fund, disburse to third parties payments for any of the foregoing services or expenses.  Each Fund shall reimburse Service Company promptly for such disbursements made on behalf of the Fund.

                         

III. SERVICES PROVIDED BY AND EXPENSES OF SERVICE COMPANY

 

3.1 Services to be Provided to Funds.              Service Company shall with respect to each Fund, subject to the direction and control of the Board of Trustees and officers of the Fund:

A.   Manage, administer and/or conduct the general business activities of the Fund.

B.    Provide the personnel and obtain the office space, facilities and equipment necessary to perform such general business activities under the direction of the Funds’ executive officers (who may also be officers of Service Company) who will have the full responsibility for the general management of these functions.

C.    Establish wholly-owned subsidiaries, and supervise the management and operations of such subsidiaries, as are necessary or appropriate to carry on or support the business activities of the Fund; and authorize such subsidiaries to perform such other functions for the Fund, including organizing new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 or Section 5.5, as Service Company’s Board of Directors shall determine. 

No provisions hereof shall prohibit the Service Company from performing such additional services to the Fund as the Fund’s Board of Trustees may appropriately request and which two-thirds of the shareholders of the Service Company shall approve.

3.2 Expenses of Operation of Service Company.  Each of the Funds agrees to pay to the Service Company, within 10 days after the last business day of each month or at such other time as agreed to by the Fund and the Service Company, the Fund’s portion of the actual costs of operation of Service Company for each monthly period, or for such other period as is agreed upon, during which the Fund is a party to this Agreement.

            A.  Corporate Management and Administrative Expenses.  A Fund’s portion of the cost of operation of Service Company shall mean its share of the direct and indirect expenses of Service Company’s providing corporate management and administrative services, including distribution services of an administrative nature, as allocated among the Funds with Allocation of indirect costs based on one or more of the following methods of allocation:

 


 

 

(1)  Net Assets:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the value of each Fund’s net assets, computed as a percentage of the value of total net assets of all Funds receiving services from Service Company, determined at the end of the last preceding monthly period.

(2)  Personnel Time:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon a summary by each Fund of the time spent by each employee who works directly on the affairs of one or more of the Funds, computed as a percentage of the total time spent by such employee on the affairs of all of the Funds.

(3)  Shareholder Accounts:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the number of each Fund’s shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts, measured over a period of time, relative to the total number of shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts for all Funds receiving number of portfolio transactions for all Funds receiving services from the Service Company during such period.

(4)  Such other methods of allocation as may be approved by the Board of Directors of the Service Company based upon its determination that the allocation method is fair to each Fund in view of (i) the nature, amount and purpose of the expenditure, (ii) the benefits, if any, to be derived directly by each Fund relative to the benefits derived by other Funds, (iii) the need or desirability for the Funds as a group to provide competitive investment programs and services at competitive prices for the group to survive and grow, (iv) the benefits which each Fund derives by being a member of a strong Fund group, and (v) such other factors as the Board considers relevant to the specific expenditure and allocation.

B.    Distribution Expenses. Each of the Funds expressly agrees to pay to Service Company, as requested, the Fund’s portion of the actual cost of distributing shares of the Funds, which shall mean its share of all of the direct and indirect expenses of a marketing and promotional nature including, but not limited to, advertising, sales literature, and sales personnel, as well as expenditures on behalf of any newly organized registered investment company which is to become a party of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4. The cost of distributing shares of the Funds shall not include distribution-related expenses of an administrative nature, which shall be allocated among the Funds pursuant to Section 3.2(A). Distribution expenses of a marketing and promotional nature shall be allocated among the Funds in the manner approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Investment Company Act Release No. 11645 (Feb. 25, 1981):

(1)  50% of these expenses will be allocated based upon each Fund’s average month-end assets during the preceding quarter relative to the average month-end assets during the preceding quarter of the Funds as a group.

(2)  50% of these expenses will be allocated initially among the Funds based upon each Fund’s sales for the 24 months ended with the last day of the preceding quarter relative to the sales of the Funds as a group for the same period. (Shares issued pursuant to a reorganization shall be excluded from the sales of a Fund and the Funds as a group.)

(3)  Provided, however, that no Fund’s aggregate quarterly contribution for distribution expenses, expressed as a percentage of its assets, shall exceed 125% of the average expenses for the Funds as a Group, expressed as a percentage of the total assets of the Funds. Expenses not charged to a particular Fund(s) because of this 125% limitation shall be reallocated to other Funds on iterative basis; and that no Fund’s annual expenses for distribution shall exceed 0.2% of its average month-end net assets.

 


 

 

 

IV. CONCERNING THE SERVICE COMPANY

 

4.1 Name.   Each Fund acknowledge and agrees:

A.   That the name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”, and any variants thereof used to identify (1) the Funds as a group, (2) any Fund as a member of a group being served by Service Company, or (3) any other person as being served or related to Service Company (whether now in existence or hereafter created), shall be the sole and exclusive property of Service Company, its affiliates, and its successors.

B.    That Service Company shall have the sole and exclusive right to permit the use of said name or variants thereof so long as this Agreement or any amendments thereto are effective.

C.    That upon its withdrawal from this Agreement and upon the written request of Service Company, the Fund shall cease to use, or in any way to refer to itself as related to, “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variant thereof.

The foregoing agreements on the part of each Fund are hereby made binding upon it, its trustees, officers, shareholders and creditors and all other persons claiming under or through it.

4.2 Services to Others.  The Service Company may render services to any person other than the Funds so long as:

A.   The services to be rendered to the Funds hereunder are not impaired thereby.

B.    The terms and provisions upon which the services are to be rendered have been approved by the holders of a majority of the Shares.

C.    The services rendered for compensation and, to the extent achievable, for the purpose of gaining a profit thereon.

D.   Any income earned and fees received by Service Company shall be used to reduce the total costs and expenses of Service Company.

4.3 Books, Records, and Audits of Service Company.  The Service Company, and any subsidiary established pursuant to Section 3.1(C), shall maintain complete, accurate, and current books, records, and financial statements concerning its activities. To the extent appropriate, it will preserve said records in the manner and for the periods prescribed by law. Financial records and statements shall be kept in accord with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be audited at least annually by independent public accountants (who may also be accountants for any of the Funds). Within 120 days after the close of Service Company’s fiscal year, it shall deliver to each Fund a copy of its audited financial statements for that year and the accountants report thereon. Service Company, on behalf of itself and any subsidiary, acknowledges that all of the records they shall prepare and maintain pursuant to this Agreement shall be the property of the Funds and that upon a request of any Fund they shall make the Fund’s records available to it, along with such other information and data as are reasonably requested by the Fund, for inspection, audit or copying, or turn said records over to the Fund.

 


 

 

4.4  Indemnification.

A.   Each Fund (herein the “Indemnitor”) agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse (herein “indemnify”) every other Fund, Service Company and/or any subsidiary of Service Company (herein the “Indemnitee”):

(1)  which Indemnitee (a) was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (herein a “suit”), or (b) incurs an actual economic loss or expense (herein a “loss”).

(2)  if: (a) such suit or loss arises from an action or failure to act, event, occurrence, transaction, or other analogous happening (herein an “event”) under circumstances in which the Indemnitee is involved in a suit or incurs a loss.

(i)    as a result substantially of, or attributable primarily to, its being a party to this Agreement, or to its indirect participation in transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and

(ii)  where the suit or loss arises primarily and substantially from an event related primarily and substantially to the business and/or operations of the Indemnitor; and

(b)  an independent third party, who may but need not be legal counsel for the Funds, advises the Funds in writing (i) that the condition set forth in “(1)” and “(2)(a)” have occurred and (ii) that the Indemnitee is without significant fault or responsibility for the suit or loss as measured by the comparative conduct of the Indemnitor and Indemnitee and by the purposes sought to be accomplished by this Agreement.

B.    The financial obligations of the Indemnitor under this Section shall be limited to:

(1)  In the case of a suit, to expenses (including attorneys’ fees), actually incurred by the Indemnitee. The termination of any suit by judgment, order, settlement, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified hereunder.

(2) In the case of an event, to losses and/or expenses (including attorney’s fees) actually incurred by the Indemnitee.

The Indemnitee shall not be liable financially hereunder for lost profits in the case of either a suit or loss.

C.    Expenses incurred in defending a suit or resolving an event may be paid by the prospective Indemnitor in advance of the final disposition of such suit or event if authorized by the Board of Trustees of the prospective Indemnitor in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the prospective indemnitee to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is entitled to be indemnified by the Indemnitor as provided in this Section.

D.   The indemnification provided by this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under any agreement or otherwise.

 


 

 

 

V.   TERM OF AGREEMENT

 

5.1 Effective Period.   This Agreement shall become effective on the date first written above, and shall continue in full force and effect as to all parties hereto until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of all parties hereto.  The withdrawal pursuant to Section 5.2(A) or 5.2(B) of one or more of the Funds from this agreement shall not affect the continuance of this Agreement except as to the parties withdrawing.

5.2 Withdrawal from Agreement.

A.   Any Fund may elect to withdraw from this Agreement effective at the end of any monthly period by giving at least 90 days’ prior written notice to each of the parties to this Agreement.  Upon the written demand of all other Funds which are parties to this Agreement a Fund shall withdraw, and in the event of its failure to do so shall be deemed to have withdrawn, from this Agreement; such demand shall specify the date of withdrawal which shall be at the end of any monthly period at least 90 days from the time of service of such demand.

B.    In the event of the withdrawal of any Fund from this Agreement, all its rights and obligations, except for lease commitments, under this Agreement (except such rights or obligations as have accrued prior to the date of withdrawal) shall terminate as of the date of the withdrawal.  The withdrawing Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company, and (1) shall be entitled to receive from Service Company an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of (i) its Shares of other securities Service Company as of the date of its withdrawal less (ii) its proportionate interest in any liabilities of Service Company, including when appropriate any commitments of Service Company and unexpired leases at the date of withdrawal; (2) shall be obligated to pay Service Company an amount equal to the excess of (ii) over (i).  Such amount to be received from or paid to Service Company shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Funds.  Any amount found payable by the Service Company to the withdrawing Fund shall be recoverable by Service Company from the Funds remaining under this Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 hereof.

5.3  Termination by Mutual Consent.   In the event that all Funds withdraw from this Agreement without entering into a comparable successor agreement, each Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company and after payment by Service Company of all its liabilities, including the settlement of unexpired lease obligations, shall:

A.   Receive from Service Company in cash an amount equal to its proportionate share of the actual value of all assets of the Service Company which can be reduced readily to cash.

B.    Negotiate in good faith with the other Funds provision for the equitable use and/or disposition of assets of the Service Company which are not readily reducible to cash.

5.4 Additional Parties to Agreement. Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder.  Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the new Fund shall be subject to all provisions of this Agreement and become a holder of Shares by adjustment in cash investments among the Funds pursuant to Section 1.3.  No person shall become a holder of shares without becoming a party to this Agreement.

 


 

 

5.5 Fund of Funds Parties to Agreement. A “Fund of Funds” shall mean a registered investment company or series of a Fund which is managed and administered by Service Company and which invests substantially all of its assets in shares of two or more Funds (or series thereof).

A.  Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, a Fund of Funds organized as a separate registered investment company may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder, except as provided in the following paragraph B.

B.  A Fund of Funds:  (1) shall not be obligated or permitted to make a capital contribution or to acquire Shares pursuant to Section I except to the extent that the Fund of Funds’ assets are not invested in shares of the Funds; (2) shall not be allocated or obligated to pay any portion of the expenses of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2 except as determined by the Board of Directors of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2(A)(4); and (3) may have the expenses the Fund of Funds would otherwise bear pursuant to Section 2.1 reduced or eliminated by the savings which accrue to the benefit of the Funds.

C.  Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the Fund of Funds shall be subject to all the provisions of this Agreement except as provided herein.

 

VI. GENERAL

 

6.1 Definition of Certain Terms.  As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall mean:

A.   “Fair Value of Shares” shall mean the proportionate interest, as represented by the ratio of the number of Shares owned by a Fund to the number of Shares issued and outstanding, in all assets of the Service Company less all liabilities of the Service Company on the date fair value is to be determined.  Assets shall be valued at fair market value.  In case of any dispute as to the proportionate interest of any Fund or as to the fair value of the Shares, the issue shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares, whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Fund.

B.    “Person” shall mean a natural person, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a trust, a fund or any organized group of persons whether incorporated or not.

6.2 Assignment.  This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties thereto, their respective successors and assigns.

 


 

 

6.3 Captions.   The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.

6.4 Amendment. Unless prohibited by applicable laws, regulations or orders of regulatory authorities and except as set forth below, this Agreement may be amended at any time and in one or more respects upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares (except that the vote required in Sections 3.1 and 5.4 may be amended only by the favorable votes of the number of holders or Shares specified therein) and without the further approval or vote of shareholders of any of the Funds; provided, however, that Section 1.4 (limiting cash investments by the Funds in Service Company) may not be amended unless and exemptive order permitting such amendment is obtained from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

6.5 Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.

            In Witness Whereof, each of the parties hereto has caused the Agreement to be signed and its corporate seal to be hereto affixed by its proper officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date and year first above written.

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

The Vanguard Group, Inc.     

 

 

Attest: /s/ Heidi Stam                                     BY: /s/ F. William McNabb III

            Heidi Stam                                                 F. William McNabb III

Secretary                                                    President and

       Chief Executive Officer

 

The Vanguard Group of Investment Companies:  

 

Vanguard Admiral Funds                                           Vanguard Bond Index Funds            

Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds                         Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Chester Funds                                            Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund
Vanguard Explorer Fund                                            Vanguard Fenway Funds                  
Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds                 Vanguard Florida Tax-Free Funds    
Vanguard Horizon Funds                                           Vanguard Index Funds                      
Vanguard International Equity Index Funds             Vanguard Malvern Funds                  
Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds                        Vanguard Money Market Reserves   
Vanguard Montgomery Funds                                   Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund
Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds                              Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds                                   Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds
Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds                    Vanguard Quantitative Funds           
Vanguard Scottsdale Funds(1)                                   Vanguard Specialized Funds 

Vanguard STAR Funds                                              Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds
Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund                               Vanguard Valley Forge Funds
Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds                         Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund
Vanguard Wellington Fund                                        Vanguard Whitehall Funds    
Vanguard Windsor Funds                                          Vanguard World Fund                                  

 

 

 

Attest: /s/ Heidi Stam                                     BY: /s/ F. William McNabb III

            Heidi Stam                                                 F. William McNabb III

Secretary                                                    President and

       Chief Executive Officer

 

Signature page revised as of September 26, 2011.

(1)Formerly Vanguard Treasury Funds



EX-99.J OTHER OPININ 7 consent.htm CONSENT consent.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectuses and Statement of Additional Information constituting parts of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 to the registration statement on Form N-1A (the “Registration Statement”) of our reports dated December 9, 2011, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights appearing in the October 31, 2011 Annual Reports to Shareholders of Vanguard Windsor Fund and Vanguard Windsor II Fund (comprising Vanguard Windsor Funds), which reports are also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the heading “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectuses and under the headings “Financial Statements” and “Service Providers—Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Statement of Additional Information.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, PA
February 23, 2012


 
EX-99.N 18F-3 PLAN 8 multiclassplan.htm MULTICLASS PLAN multiclassplan.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

VANGUARD FUNDS
MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

I. INTRODUCTION

     This Multiple Class Plan (the “Plan”) describes six separate classes of shares that may be offered by investment company members of The Vanguard Group (collectively the “Funds,” individually a “Fund”). The Plan explains the separate arrangements for each class, how expenses are allocated to each class, and the conversion features of each class. Each Fund may offer any one or more of the specified classes.

     The Plan has been approved by the Board of Directors of The Vanguard Group (“Vanguard”). In addition, the Plan has been adopted by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of each Fund. The classes of shares offered by each Fund are designated in Schedule A hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

II. SHARE CLASSES

A Fund may offer any one or more of the following share classes:

Investor Shares
Admiral Shares
Signal Shares
Institutional Shares
Institutional Plus Shares
ETF Shares

III. DISTRIBUTION, AVAILABILITY AND ELIGIBILITY

     Distribution arrangements for all classes are described below. Vanguard retains sole discretion in determining share class availability, and whether Fund shares shall be offered either directly or through certain financial intermediaries, or on certain financial intermediary platforms. Eligibility requirements for purchasing shares of each class will differ, as follows:

A. Investor Shares

     Investor Shares generally will be available to investors who are not permitted to purchase other classes of shares, subject to the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for

1


 

Investor Shares will be substantially lower than the amount required for any other class of shares.

B. Admiral Shares

     Admiral Shares generally will be available to individual and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. These eligibility requirements may include, but are not limited to the following factors: (i) the total amount invested the Fund; or (ii) any other factors deemed appropriate by a Fund’s Board of Trustees.

C. Signal Shares

     Signal Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that Signal Shares will be offered to Vanguard’s institutional clients according to eligibility criteria deemed appropriate by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.

D. Institutional Shares

     Institutional Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount per account for Institutional Shares will be substantially higher than the amounts required for Investor Shares, Admiral Shares or Signal Shares.

E. Institutional Plus Shares

     Institutional Plus Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Plus Shares will be substantially higher than the amount required for any other class of the Fund’s shares.

F. ETF Shares

     The Fund will sell ETF Shares to investors that are (or who purchase through) Authorized DTC Participants, and who pay for their ETF shares by depositing a prescribed basket of securities rather than paying cash. An Authorized DTC Participant is an institution, usually a broker-dealer, that is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) and that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Fund’s distributor. Additional eligibility requirements may be specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be

2


 

amended from time to time. Investors who are not Authorized Participants may buy and sell ETF shares through various exchanges and market centers.

IV. SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS

     All share classes will receive a range of services provided by Vanguard on a per account basis. These “account-based” services may include transaction processing and shareholder recordkeeping, as well as the mailing of updated prospectuses, shareholder reports, tax statements, confirmation statements, quarterly portfolio summaries, and other items. It is expected that the aggregate amount of account-based services provided to Investor Shares will materially exceed the amount of such services provided to any other class, due to the existence of many more accounts holding Investor Shares. In addition to this difference in the volume of services provided, arrangements will differ among the classes as follows:

A. Investor Shares

     Investor Shares generally will receive the most basic level of service from Vanguard. Investor Shares generally will be serviced through a pool of Vanguard client service representatives.

B. Admiral Shares

     Admiral Shares will receive a different level of service from Vanguard as compared to Investor Shares. Special client service representatives may be assigned to service Admiral Shares, and holders of such shares may from time to time receive special mailings and unique additional services.

C. Signal Shares

     Signal Shares will receive a level of service from Vanguard that differs from the service provided to the holders of shares of other classes. Such services may include informational newsletters and other similar materials devoted to investment topics of interest. Such newsletters or other materials may be mailed on a periodic basis. These newsletters or other materials may also be available to Signal shareholders through separate electronic venues including a dedicated web site. In addition, special client service representatives may be assigned to service Signal Shares.

D. Institutional Shares

     Institutional Shares will receive from Vanguard a level of service that differs from the service provided to the holders of shares of other classes. Such services may include special client service representatives who will be assigned to service Institutional Shares. Most holders of Institutional Shares periodically will

3


 

receive special investment updates from Vanguard’s investment staff. Holders of Institutional Shares also may receive unique additional services from Vanguard, and generally will be permitted to transact with Vanguard through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s FundSERV system and other special servicing platforms for institutional investors.

E. Institutional Plus Shares

     Institutional Plus Shares generally will receive a very high level of service from Vanguard as compared to any other share classes. Special client service representatives will be assigned to service Institutional Plus Shares, and most holders of such shares periodically, but more than the holders of all other shares, will receive special updates from Vanguard’s investment staff. Holders of Institutional Plus Shares may receive unique additional services from Vanguard, and generally will be permitted to transact with Vanguard through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s FundSERV system and other special servicing platforms for institutional investors. Investors who receive VISTA or similar retirement plan recordkeeping services from Vanguard generally may not own Institutional Plus Shares

F. ETF Shares

A Fund is expected to maintain only one shareholder of record for ETF

Shares¾DTC or its nominee. Special client service representatives will be assigned to the DTC account, and all transactions on this account will be handled electronically. Due to the nature and purpose of the DTC account, ETF Shares will not receive any special updates from Vanguard’s investment staff.

V. CONVERSION FEATURES

A. Self-Directed Conversions

     1. Conversion into Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Signal Shares, Institutional Shares, and Institutional Plus Shares.

Shareholders may conduct self-directed conversions from one share class into another share class for which they are eligible. Self-directed conversions may be initiated by the shareholder; however, depending upon the particular share class and the complexity of the shareholder’s accounts, such conversions may require the assistance of a Vanguard representative. Shareholders may convert from one share class into another share class provided that following the conversion the shareholder: (i) meets the then applicable eligibility requirements for the share class into which they are converting; and (ii) receives services consistent with such new share class. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the

4


 

share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order.

     2. Conversion into ETF Shares. Except as otherwise provided, a shareholder may convert Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Signal Shares or Institutional Shares into ETF Shares (if available), provided that: (i) the shares to be converted are not held through an employee benefit plan; and (ii) following the conversion, the shareholder will hold ETF Shares through a brokerage account. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order. Vanguard or the Fund may charge an administrative fee to process conversion transactions. None of the Funds that are series of Vanguard Bond Index Funds (see Schedule A) shall permit holders of Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Signal Shares or Institutional Shares to convert those shares into ETF Shares.

B. Automatic Conversions

     1. Automatic conversion into Admiral Shares. Vanguard may automatically convert Investor Shares into Admiral Shares (if available), provided that following the conversion the shareholder: (i) meets the then applicable eligibility requirements for Admiral Shares; and (ii) receives services consistent with Admiral Shares. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after Vanguard’s conversion without the imposition of any charge. Such automatic conversions may occur on a periodic, or one-time basis. Automatic conversions may occur at different times due to the differing mechanisms through which an account is funded or meets the required investment minimum. Automatic conversions do not apply to certain types of accounts (e.g., accounts held through certain intermediaries, or other accounts as may be excluded by Vanguard management).

     2. Automatic conversion into Signal Shares, Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares. Vanguard may conduct automatic conversions of any share class into either Signal Shares, Institutional Shares, or Institutional Plus Shares in accordance with then-current eligibility requirements. If a Fund offers Signal Shares, the Admiral Shares and Investor Shares of that Fund held by certain institutional clients also may be automatically converted into Signal Shares to align the share class eligibility requirements.

C. Involuntary Conversions and Cash Outs

     1. Cash Outs. If a shareholder in any class of shares no longer meets the eligibility requirements for such shares, the Fund may cash out

5


 

the shareholder’s remaining account balance. Any such cash out will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder and will be subject to the Fund’s normal redemption fees, if any.

     2. Conversion of Admiral Shares, Signal Shares, Institutional Shares, and Institutional Plus Shares. If a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for the share class currently held, the Fund may convert the shareholder’s holdings into the share class for which such shareholder is eligible. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder, and will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes without the imposition of any sales load, fee, or other charge.

VI. EXPENSE ALLOCATION AMONG CLASSES

A. Background

     Vanguard is a jointly-owned subsidiary of the Funds. Vanguard provides the Funds, on an at-cost basis, virtually all of their corporate management, administrative and distribution services. Vanguard also may provide investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to the Funds. Vanguard was established and operates pursuant to a Funds’ Service Agreement between itself and the Funds (the “Agreement”), and pursuant to certain exemptive orders granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“Exemptive Orders”). Vanguard’s direct and indirect expenses of providing corporate management, administrative and distribution services to the Funds are allocated among such funds in accordance with methods specified in the Agreement.

B. Class Specific Expenses

     1. Expenses for Account-Based Services. Expenses associated with Vanguard’s provision of account-based services to the Funds will be allocated among the share classes of each Fund on the basis of the amount incurred by each such class as follows:

     (a) Account maintenance expenses. Expenses associated with the maintenance of investor accounts will be proportionately allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon a monthly determination of the costs to service each class of shares. Factors considered in this determination are (i) the percentage of total shareholder accounts represented by each class; (ii) the percentage of total account transactions performed by Vanguard for each class; and (iii) the percentage of new accounts opened for each class.

6


 

(b) Expenses of special servicing arrangements.

Expenses relating to any special servicing arrangements for a specific class will be proportionally allocated among each eligible Fund’s share classes primarily based on their percentage of total shareholder accounts receiving the special servicing arrangements.

(c) Literature production and mailing expenses.

Expenses associated with shareholder reports, proxy materials and other literature will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon the number of such items produced and mailed for each class.

     2. Other Class Specific Expenses. Expenses for the primary benefit of a particular share class will be allocated to that share class. Such expenses would include any legal fees attributable to a particular class.

C. Fund-Wide Expenses

     1. Marketing and Distribution Expenses. Expenses associated with Vanguard’s marketing and distribution activities will be allocated among the Funds and their separate share classes according to the “Vanguard Modified Formula,” with each share class treated as if it were a separate Fund. The Vanguard Modified Formula, which is set forth in the Agreement and in certain of the SEC Exemptive Orders, has been deemed an appropriate allocation methodology by each Fund’s Board of Trustees under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

     2. Asset Management Expenses. Expenses associated with management of a Fund’s assets (including all advisory, tax preparation and custody fees) will be allocated among the Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

     3. Other Fund Expenses. Any other Fund expenses not described above will be allocated among the share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

VII. ALLOCATION OF INCOME, GAINS AND LOSSES

     Income, gains and losses will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. As a result of differences in allocated expenses, it is expected that the net income of, and dividends payable to, each class of shares will vary. Dividends and distributions paid to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, on the same day and at the same time.

7


 

VIII. VOTING AND OTHER RIGHTS

     Each share class will have: (i) exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its service or distribution arrangements; and (ii) separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of the other class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights, obligations and privileges as each other, except as described in the Plan.

IX. AMENDMENTS

     All material amendments to the Plan must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund. In addition, any material amendment to the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000
Last Approved by Board: March 25, 2011

 

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SCHEDULE A
to
VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

 
 
Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Admiral Funds  
Admiral Treasury Money Market Fund Investor
S&P 500 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P MidCap 400 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P MidCap 400 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P MidCap 400 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P SmallCap 600 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
S&P SmallCap 600 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Bond Index Funds  
Short-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Long-Term Bond Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus,
    ETF
Total Bond Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Total Bond Market II Index Fund Investor, Institutional
Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional
 
Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral

 

 

1


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Chester Funds  
PRIMECAP Fund Investor, Admiral
Target Retirement Income Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2005 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2010 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2015 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2020 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2025 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2030 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2040 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2045 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2050 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2055 Fund Investor
Target Retirement 2060 Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Explorer Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Fenway Funds  
Equity Income Fund Investor, Admiral
Growth Equity Fund Investor
PRIMECAP Core Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds  
Short-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
Short-Term Federal Fund Investor, Admiral
Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional
Intermediate-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
Intermediate-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral
GNMA Fund Investor, Admiral
Long-Term Treasury Fund Investor, Admiral
Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund Investor, Admiral
High-Yield Corporate Fund Investor, Admiral,
 
Vanguard Florida Tax-Free Funds  
Florida Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Horizon Funds  
Capital Opportunity Fund Investor, Admiral
Global Equity Fund Investor
Strategic Equity Fund Investor
Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund Investor

 

 

2


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Index Funds  
500 Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, ETF
Extended Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, ETF
Large-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, ETF
Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
Mid-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, ETF
Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
Small-Cap Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Small-Cap Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF
Total Stock Market Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, ETF
Value Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard International Equity Index Funds  
Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  MSCI Emerging Markets ETF ETF
European Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  MSCI Europe ETF ETF
FTSE All-World ex US Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional
    Plus, ETF
Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
  MSCI Pacific ETF ETF
Total World Stock Index Fund Investor, Institutional, ETF
FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Investor, Institutional, ETF
Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Investor, Signal, Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Malvern Funds  
Asset Allocation Fund Investor, Admiral
Capital Value Fund Investor
U.S. Value Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds  
Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Money Market Funds  
Prime Money Market Fund Investor, Institutional
Federal Money Market Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund Investor, Admiral

 

 

3


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Montgomery Funds  
Vanguard Market Neutral Fund Investor, Institutional
 
Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Short-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
Limited-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
High-Yield Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
Short-Term Municipal Bond Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Intermediate-Term Municipal Bond Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Long-Term Municipal Bond Index Fund Admiral, ETF
 
Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds  
Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund Investor
Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Quantitative Funds  
Growth and Income Fund Investor, Admiral

 

 

4


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Scottsdale Funds  
Short-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Intermediate-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Long-Term Government Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Institutional, Signal, ETF
Explorer Value Fund Investor
Russell 1000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 2000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Russell 3000 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
 
Vanguard Specialized Funds  
Energy Fund Investor, Admiral
Precious Metals Fund Investor
Health Care Fund Investor, Admiral
Dividend Growth Fund Investor
REIT Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, ETF
Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Investor, ETF
 
Vanguard STAR Funds  
Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus
LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor
LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor
LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor
LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor
STAR Fund Investor
Total International Stock Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional,
    Institutional Plus, ETF
Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds  
Tax-Managed Balanced Fund Admiral
Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund Admiral, Institutional
Tax-Managed Growth and Income Fund Admiral, Institutional
Tax-Managed International Fund Institutional
  Vanguard MSCI EAFE ETF ETF
Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund Admiral, Institutional

 

 

5


 

Vanguard Fund Share Classes Authorized
 
Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund  
International Value Fund Investor
Diversified Equity Fund Investor
Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Valley Forge Funds  
Balanced Index Fund Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional
Managed Payout Growth Focus Fund Investor
Managed Payout Growth and Distribution Fund Investor
Managed Payout Distribution Focus Fund Investor
 
Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds  
Balanced Portfolio Investor
Conservative Allocation Portfolio Investor
Diversified Value Portfolio Investor
Equity Income Portfolio Investor
Equity Index Portfolio Investor
Growth Portfolio Investor
Total Bond Market Index Portfolio Investor
High Yield Bond Portfolio Investor
International Portfolio Investor
Mid-Cap Index Portfolio Investor
Moderate Allocation Portfolio Investor
Money Market Portfolio Investor
REIT Index Portfolio Investor
Short-Term Investment Grade Portfolio Investor
Small Company Growth Portfolio Investor
Capital Growth Portfolio Investor
Total Stock Market Index Portfolio Investor
 
Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Wellington Fund Investor, Admiral
 
Vanguard Whitehall Funds  
Selected Value Fund Investor
Mid-Cap Growth Fund Investor
International Explorer Fund Investor
High Dividend Yield Index Fund Investor, ETF
 
Vanguard Windsor Funds  
Windsor Fund Investor, Admiral
Windsor II Investor, Admiral

 

 

6


 

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized

Vanguard World Funds  
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF
FTSE Social Index Fund Investor, Institutional
International Growth Fund Investor, Admiral
Mega Cap 300 Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Mega Cap 300 Growth Index Fund Institutional, ETF
Mega Cap 300 Value Index Fund Institutional, ETF
U.S. Growth Fund Investor, Admiral
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Consumer Staples Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Energy Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Financials Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Health Care Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Industrials Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Information Technology Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Materials Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Telecommunication Services Index Fund Admiral, ETF
Utilities Index Fund Admiral, ETF

 

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000 Last Updated: January 19, 2012

 

7


 

SCHEDULE B to

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN

Vanguard has policies and procedures designed to ensure consistency and compliance with the offering of multiple classes of shares within this Multiple Class Plan’s eligibility requirements. These policies are reviewed and monitored on an ongoing basis in conjunction with Vanguard’s Compliance Department.

Investor Shares - Eligibility Requirements

Investor Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000. Particular Vanguard Funds may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Investor Shares. Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.

Admiral Shares – Eligibility Requirements

Admiral Shares generally are intended for clients who meet the required minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $10,000 in index funds, $50,000 for retail clients in actively managed funds, and $100,000 for financial intermediary and other institutional clients in actively managed funds as may be determined by Vanguard management. Vanguard Funds may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Admiral Shares and Vanguard reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Admiral Share class eligibility also is subject to the following rules:

Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard may hold Admiral Shares of actively managed funds if they meet the required minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $100,000. Additional recordkeeping costs may also be charged.

Certain Retirement PlansAdmiral Shares generally are not available to 403(b)(7) custodial accounts and SIMPLE IRAs held directly with Vanguard.

Financial Intermediaries – Admiral Shares are not available to financial intermediaries who would meet eligibility requirements by aggregating the holdings of underlying investors within an omnibus account. However, a financial intermediary may hold Admiral Shares in an omnibus account if:

(1) each underlying investor in the omnibus account individually meets the $10,000 or $100,000 minimum amount, as applicable; and

 


 

(2) the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the $10,000 or $100,000 minimum amount, as applicable; or

(3) a sub-accounting arrangement between Vanguard and the financial intermediary for the omnibus account allows Vanguard to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements established by Vanguard.

Asset Allocation Fund ¾ Admiral Shares of Asset Allocation Fund are not available to certain institutional clients who receive no special recordkeeping services from Vanguard.

Accumulation Period ¾ Accounts funded by institutional clients through regular contributions (e.g. employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Admiral Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if Vanguard management determines that the account will become eligible for Admiral Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days).

Signal Shares – Eligibility Requirements

Signal Shares generally are intended for institutional and financial intermediary clients who meet the then-current eligibility requirements. Eligibility criteria are subject to the discretion of Vanguard management, and Vanguard reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors and to change such requirements at any time. Signal Share class eligibility also is subject to the following rules:

Previously held Admiral Shares or Investor Shares. Admiral Shares or Investor Shares held by institutional and financial intermediary clients prior to the effective date of Signal Shares may be converted at the discretion of Vanguard management into Signal Shares.

Institutional intermediary clients. Institutional clients that are financial intermediaries generally may hold Signal Shares without restriction.

Mutual fund supermarkets. Signal Shares generally are not available to financial intermediaries that serve as mutual fund supermarkets. Generally, mutual fund supermarkets means a program or platform offered by an intermediary or an underlying intermediary through which its individual investors (person), on a self-directed basis, may purchase and sell mutual funds offered by a variety of independent fund families. This definition may

 


 

be changed or amended at any time and without prior notice as may be determined in the discretion of management.

Vanguard Brokerage Services. Nothing in the definition of mutual fund supermarket, or any other eligibility requirements, should be construed to prohibit Vanguard Brokerage Services (VBS) from offering Signal Shares to its clients.

Institutional clients whose accounts are not recordkept by Vanguard. Institutional clients, including but not limited to financial intermediary and defined benefit and contribution plan clients, endowments, and foundations whose accounts are not recordkept by Vanguard may hold Signal Shares without restriction.

Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard may hold Signal Shares without an investment minimum. Additional recordkeeping costs may also be charged.

Institutional Shares – Eligibility Requirements

Institutional Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $5,000,000. However, Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

Vanguard Short-Term Investment Grade Fund - $50,000,000 minimum amount for Institutional Shares

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund -- $25,000,000 minimum amount for Institutional Shares

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund -- $25,000,000 minimum amount for Institutional Shares

Individual clients. Individual clients may hold Institutional Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund.

Institutional intermediary clients. Institutional clients that are financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that each underlying client account invests at least $5 million (or such higher minimum required by the individual fund) in the Fund.

 


 

Institutional clients whose accounts are not recordkept by Vanguard. Institutional clients, including but not limited to financial intermediary and defined benefit and contribution plan clients, endowments, and foundations whose accounts are not recordkept by Vanguard may hold Institutional Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such client and invested in the Fund is at least $5 million (or such higher minimum required by the individual fund). Such institutional clients must disclose to Vanguard on behalf of their accounts the following: (1) that each account has a common decision-maker; and (2) the total balance in each account held by the client in the Fund.

Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard may hold Institutional Shares if they meet eligibility criteria established by Vanguard management. These eligibility criteria include, but are not limited to the following factors, which may be changed at any time and without prior notice: (1) the total amount invested in the Fund must be greater than $10 million (or such higher threshold as may be set by management) and (2) the extent to which the client uses Fund and Vanguard account services. Additional recordkeeping charges may be charged. For purposes of this analysis, Vanguard management may consider clients whose aggregate assets within the Vanguard Funds are expected to generate substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts.

Investment by Vanguard Target Retirement Collective Trust. A Vanguard Target Retirement Trust that is a collective trust exempt from regulation under the Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in underlying Vanguard Funds (a “TRT”) may hold Institutional Shares of an underlying Fund whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment threshold specified above.

Accumulation Period ¾ Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g. employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if Vanguard management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of Vanguard management.

Institutional Plus Shares - Eligibility Requirements

Institutional Plus Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $100,000,000. However, Vanguard also reserves the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Plus Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

 


 

Financial Intermediaries - Institutional Plus Shares are not available to financial intermediaries who would meet the eligibility requirements by aggregating the holdings of underlying investors. However, a financial intermediary may hold Institutional Plus Shares in an omnibus account if:

(1) each underlying investor in the omnibus account individually meets the investment minimum amount described above; and (2) the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or (3) a sub-accounting arrangement between Vanguard and the financial intermediary for the omnibus account allows Vanguard to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements established by Vanguard.

Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard

Institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard generally may not hold Institutional Plus Shares unless Vanguard management determines that a plan sponsor's aggregate assets within the Vanguard Funds will likely generate substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts.

Account Aggregation - Vanguard clients may hold Institutional Plus Shares by aggregating up to three separate accounts within the same Vanguard Fund, provided that the total balance of the aggregated accounts in the Fund meets the minimum investment for the Fund’s Institutional Plus Shares. For purposes of this rule, Vanguard management is authorized to permit aggregation of a greater number of accounts in the case of clients whose aggregate assets within the Vanguard Funds are expected to generate substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts. The aggregation rule does not apply to clients receiving special recordkeeping or sub-accounting services from Vanguard, nor does it apply to nondiscretionary omnibus accounts maintained by financial intermediaries.

Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions e.g. employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if Vanguard management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Plus Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days).

Asset Allocation Models - Vanguard clients with defined asset allocation models whose assets meet eligibility requirements may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares if such models comply with policies and procedures that have been approved by Vanguard management.

 


 

ETF Shares – Eligibility Requirements

The eligibility requirements for ETF Shares will be set forth in the Fund’s Registration Statement. To be eligible to purchase ETF Shares directly from a Fund, an investor must be (or must purchase through) an Authorized DTC Participant, as defined in Paragraph III.D of the Multiple Class Plan. Investors purchasing ETF Shares from a Fund must purchase a minimum number of shares, known as a Creation Unit. The number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit may vary from Fund to Fund, and will be set forth in the relevant prospectus. The value of a Fund's Creation Unit will vary with the net asset value of the Fund’s ETF Shares, but is expected to be several million dollars. An eligible investor generally must purchase a Creation Unit by depositing a prescribed basket of securities with the Fund, rather than paying cash.

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000
Last Approved by Board: July 25, 2011

 


 
EX-99.P CODE ETH 9 alliancebernsteincoe.txt ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN CODE OF ETHICS ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS "Trust is the foundation of an investment management company, an attribute that takes years to establish and just days to destroy. Promoting and sustaining a fiduciary culture is, therefore, a business imperative." - Lewis A. Sanders, Chief Executive Officer December 2005 81149 v3 A Message from Lewis A. Sanders, Chief Executive Officer of AllianceBernstein Trust is the foundation of an investment management company, an attribute that takes years to establish, constant vigilance to maintain, and just days to destroy. Honesty, integrity, and high ethical standards must therefore be practiced on a daily basis in order to protect this most critical asset. Enhancing our sensitivity to our fiduciary obligations, and ensuring that we meet those obligations is an imperative for all. The Internal Compliance Controls Committee, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, the Conflicts Officer and the Office of the Company Ombudsman provide AllianceBernstein employees with comprehensive guidance and multiple avenues in which to explore work-related issues or questions. AllianceBernstein has long been committed to maintaining and promoting high ethical standards and business practices. We have prepared this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code") in order to establish a common vision of our ethical standards and practices. The Code is intended to establish certain guiding principles for all of us and not to be an exhaustive guide to all the detailed rules and regulations governing the conduct of business in the various countries where we do business. Separately, we have prepared a series of fiduciary and business-related policies and procedures, which set forth detailed requirements to which all employees are subject. We also have prepared various Compliance Manuals, which provide in summary form, an overview of the concepts described in more detail in this Code and in our other policies and procedures. You should take the time to familiarize yourself with the policies in this Code and use common sense in applying them to your daily work environment and circumstances. Your own personal integrity and good judgment are the best guides to ethical and responsible conduct. If you have questions, you should discuss them with your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer or a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human Resources. If the normal channels for reporting are not appropriate, or if you feel uncomfortable utilizing them, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Our continued success depends on each of us maintaining high ethical standards and business practices. I count on each of you to apply good ethics and sound judgment in your daily responsibilities in order to help ensure that success. Lewis A. Sanders 81149 v3 AllianceBernstein L.P CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS 1. Introduction .................................................. 1 2. The AllianceBernstein Fiduciary Culture ....................... 2 3. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations ................... 2 4. Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful Actions ...................... 3 5. Insider Trading ............................................... 4 6. Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions ..................... 4 7. Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and Interests 6 (a) Board Member or Trustee .................................. 6 (b) Other Affiliations ....................................... 7 (c) Outside Financial or Business Interests .................. 7 8. Gifts, Entertainment and Inducements .......................... 8 9. Dealings with Government Personnel ............................ 9 10. Political Contributions by or on behalf of AllianceBernstein .. 9 11. "Ethical Wall" Policy ......................................... 10 12. Corporate Opportunities and Resources ......................... 10 13. Antitrust and Fair Dealing .................................... 10 14. Recordkeeping and Retention ................................... 11 15. Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits ....................... 11 16. Accuracy of Disclosure ........................................ 11 17. Confidentiality ............................................... 12 18. Protection and Proper Use of AllianceBernstein Assets ......... 13 19. Compliance Practices and Policies of Group Subsidiaries ....... 13 20. Exceptions from the Code ...................................... 14 21. Regulatory Inquiries and Litigation ........................... 14 (a) Requests for Information ................................. 14 (b) Types of Inquiries ....................................... 15 (c) Responding to Information Requests ....................... 15 (d) Use of Outside Counsel ................................... 15 (e) Regulatory Investigation ................................. 15 (f) Litigation ............................................... 15 - i - 81149 v3 22. Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct / "Whistleblower" Protection 15 23. Company Ombudsman ............................................. 16 24. Sanctions ..................................................... 17 25. Annual Certifications ......................................... 17 APPENDIX A ---------- PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ----------------------------------------
1. Overview ............................................................... A-1 (a) Introduction ...................................................... A-1 (b) Definitions ....................................................... A-1 2. Requirements and Restrictions - All Employees .......................... A-5 (a) General Standards ................................................. A-5 (b) Disclosure of Personal Accounts ................................... A-6 (c) Designated Brokerage Accounts ..................................... A-6 (d) Pre-Clearance Requirement ......................................... A-7 (e) Limitation on the Number of Trades ................................ A-9 (f) Short-Term Trading ................................................ A-9 (g) Short Sales ....................................................... A-10 (h) Trading in AllianceBernstein Units and Closed-End Mutual Funds .... A-10 (i) Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale .................. A-10 (j) Restricted List ................................................... A-12 (k) Dissemination of Research Information ............................. A-12 (l) Initial Public Offerings .......................................... A-14 (m) Limited Offerings/Private Placements .............................. A-14 3. Additional Restrictions - Portfolio Managers for Specific Client Accounts A-14 (a) Blackout Periods .................................................. A-15 (b) Actions During Blackout Periods ................................... A-15 (c) Transactions Contrary to Client Positions ......................... A-15 4. Additional Restrictions - Centralized Portfolio Management Groups ....... A-15 (a) Value SPMs and Investment Policy Groups ........................... A-15 (b) Bernstein Value SBU ............................................... A-16
- ii - 81149 v3 5. Additional Restrictions - Research Analysts ........................... A-16 (a) Blackout Periods ................................................. A-16 (b) Actions During Blackout Periods .................................. A-16 (c) Actions Contrary to Ratings ...................................... A-16 6. Reporting Requirements ................................................ A-17 (a) Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements ................... A-17 (b) Initial Holdings Reports by Employees ............................ A-17 (c) Quarterly Reports by Employees ................................... A-18 (d) Annual Holdings Reports by Employees ............................. A-18 (e) Report and Certification to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients A-19 (f) Report Representations ........................................... A-19 (g) Maintenance of Reports ........................................... A-19 7. Reporting Requirements for Directors Who are not Employees ............ A-19 (a) Affiliated Directors ............................................. A-20 (b) Outside Directors ................................................ A-21 (c) Reporting Exceptions ............................................. A-22 CODE CERTIFICATION FORM ----------------------- Annual Certification Form ............................................ Last Page - iii - 81149 v3 1. Introduction This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code") summarizes the values, principles and business practices that guide our business conduct. The Code establishes a set of basic principles to guide all AllianceBernstein employees (including AllianceBernstein directors and consultants where applicable) regarding the minimum requirements which we are expected to meet. The Code applies to all of our offices worldwide. It is not, however, intended to provide an exhaustive list of all the detailed internal policies and procedures, regulations and legal requirements that may apply to you as an AllianceBernstein employee and/or a representative of one of our regulated subsidiaries. All individuals subject to the provisions of this Code must conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the requirements and procedures set forth herein. Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of service with us, any of our subsidiaries or joint venture entities, or our general partner (the "AllianceBernstein Group"). AllianceBernstein L.P. ("AllianceBernstein," "we" or "us") is a registered investment adviser and acts as investment manager or adviser to registered investment companies, institutional investment clients, employee benefit trusts, high net worth individuals and other types of investment advisory clients. In this capacity, we serve as fiduciaries. The fiduciary relationship mandates adherence to the highest standards of conduct and integrity. Personnel acting in a fiduciary capacity must carry out their duties for the exclusive benefit of our clients. Consistent with this fiduciary duty, the interests of clients take priority over the personal investment objectives and other personal interests of AllianceBernstein personnel. Accordingly: - Employees must work to mitigate or eliminate any conflict, or appearance of conflict, between the self-interest of any individual covered under the Code and his or her responsibility to our clients, or to AllianceBernstein and its unitholders. - Employees must never improperly use their position with AllianceBernstein for personal gain to themselves, their family or any other person. The Code is intended to comply with Rule 17j-1 under the (U.S.) Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") which applies to us because we serve as an investment adviser to registered investment companies. Rule 17j-1 specifically requires us to adopt a code of ethics that contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent our "access persons" (as defined herein) from engaging in fraudulent conduct, including insider trading. In addition, the Code is intended to comply with the provisions of the (U.S.) Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"), including Rule 204A-1, which requires registered investment advisers to adopt and enforce codes of ethics applicable to their supervised persons. Finally, the Code is intended to comply with Section 303A.10 of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") Listed Company Manual, which applies to us because the units of AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. ("AllianceBernstein Holding") are traded on the NYSE. Additionally, certain entities within the AllianceBernstein Group, such as Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC and Sanford C. Bernstein Limited, have adopted supplemental codes of ethics to address specific regulatory requirements applicable to them. All employees are obligated to determine if any of these codes are applicable to them, and abide by such codes as appropriate. - 1 - 81149 v3 2. The AllianceBernstein Fiduciary Culture The primary objective of AllianceBernstein's business is to provide value, through investment advisory and other financial services, to a wide range of clients, including governments, corporations, financial institutions, high net worth individuals and pension funds. AllianceBernstein requires that all dealings with, and on behalf of existing and prospective clients be handled with honesty, integrity and high ethical standards, and that such dealings adhere to the letter and the spirit of applicable laws, regulations and contractual guidelines. As a general matter, AllianceBernstein is a fiduciary that owes its clients a duty of undivided loyalty, and each employee has a responsibility to act in a manner consistent with this duty. When dealing with or on behalf of a client, every employee must act solely in the best interests of that client. In addition, various comprehensive statutory and regulatory structures such as the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act and ERISA, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, all impose specific responsibilities governing the behavior of personnel in carrying out their responsibilities. AllianceBernstein and its employees must comply fully with these rules and regulations. Legal and Compliance Department personnel are available to assist employees in meeting these requirements. All employees are expected to adhere to the high standards associated with our fiduciary duty, including care and loyalty to clients, competency, diligence and thoroughness, and trust and accountability. Further, all employees must actively work to avoid the possibility that the advice or services we provide to clients is, or gives the appearance of being, based on the self-interests of AllianceBernstein or its employees and not the clients' best interests. Our fiduciary responsibilities apply to a broad range of investment and related activities, including sales and marketing, portfolio management, securities trading, allocation of investment opportunities, client service, operations support, performance measurement and reporting, new product development as well as your personal investing activities. These obligations include the duty to avoid material conflicts of interest (and, if this is not possible, to provide full and fair disclosure to clients in communications), to keep accurate books and records, and to supervise personnel appropriately. These concepts are further described in the Sections that follow. 3. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations AllianceBernstein has a long-standing commitment to conduct its business in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with the highest ethical principles. This commitment helps ensure our reputation for honesty, quality and integrity. All individuals subject to the Code are required to comply with all such laws and regulations. All U.S. employees, as well as non-U.S. employees who act on behalf of U.S. clients or funds, are required to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws. These laws include, but are not limited to, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, ERISA, the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the SEC under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to our activities, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or the Department of the Treasury. As mentioned above, as a listed company, we are also subject to specific rules promulgated by the NYSE. Similarly, our non-US affiliates are subject to additional laws and regulatory mandates in their respective jurisdictions, which must be fully complied with. - 2 - 81149 v3 4. Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful Actions A "conflict of interest" exists when a person's private interests may be contrary to the interests of AllianceBernstein's clients or to the interests of AllianceBernstein or its unitholders. A conflict situation can arise when an AllianceBernstein employee takes actions or has interests (business, financial or otherwise) that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may arise, for example, when an AllianceBernstein employee, or a member of his or her family,1 receives improper personal benefits (including personal loans, services, or payment for services that the AllianceBernstein employee performs in the course of AllianceBernstein business) as a result of his or her position at AllianceBernstein, or gains personal enrichment or benefits through access to confidential information. Conflicts may also arise when an AllianceBernstein employee, or a member of his or her family, holds a significant financial interest in a company that does an important amount of business with AllianceBernstein or has outside business interests that may result in divided loyalties or compromise independent judgment. Moreover, conflicts may arise when making securities investments for personal accounts or when determining how to allocate trading opportunities. Additional conflicts of interest are highlighted in the AllianceBernstein Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, a copy of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. Conflicts of interest can arise in many common situations, despite one's best efforts to avoid them. This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. Literal compliance with each of the specific procedures will not shield you from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates your fiduciary duties to our clients. AllianceBernstein employees are encouraged to seek clarification of, and discuss questions about, potential conflicts of interest. If you have questions about a particular situation or become aware of a conflict or potential conflict, you should bring it to the attention of your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Conflicts Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer or a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human Resources. In addition to the specific prohibitions contained in the Code, you are, of course, subject to a general requirement not to engage in any act or practice that would defraud our clients. This general prohibition (which also applies specifically in connection with the purchase and sale of a Security held or to be acquired or sold, as this phrase is defined in the Appendix) includes: - Making any untrue statement of a material fact or employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a client; - Omitting to state (or failing to provide any information necessary to properly clarify any statements made, in light of the circumstances) a material fact, thereby creating a materially misleading impression; - Making investment decisions, changes in research ratings and trading decisions other than exclusively for the benefit of, and in the best interest of, our clients; --------------------------------------- 1 For purposes of this section of the Code, unless otherwise specifically provided, (i) "family" means your spouse/domestic partner, parents, children, siblings, in-laws by marriage (i.e., mother, father, son and/or daughter-in-law) and anyone who shares your home; and (ii) "relative" means your immediate family members and your first cousins. - 3 - 81149 v3 - Using information about investment or trading decisions or changes in research ratings (whether considered, proposed or made) to benefit or avoid economic injury to you or anyone other than our clients; - Taking, delaying or omitting to take any action with respect to any research recommendation, report or rating or any investment or trading decision for a client in order to avoid economic injury to you or anyone other than our clients; - Purchasing or selling a security on the basis of knowledge of a possible trade by or for a client with the intent of personally profiting from personal holdings in the same or related securities ("front-running" or "scalping"); - Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of your duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or the consideration by any client of any such securities transactions; or - Engaging in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on a client or engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any client. 5. Insider Trading There are instances where AllianceBernstein employees may have confidential "inside" information about AllianceBernstein or its affiliates, or about a company with which we do business, or about a company in which we may invest on behalf of clients, that is not known to the investing public. AllianceBernstein employees must maintain the confidentiality of such information. If a reasonable investor would consider this information important in reaching an investment decision, the AllianceBernstein employee with this information must not buy or sell securities of any of the companies in question or give this information to another person who trades in such securities. This rule is very important, and AllianceBernstein has adopted the following three specific policies that address it: Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AllianceBernstein Units, Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AllianceBernstein Closed-End Mutual Funds, and Policy and Procedures Regarding Insider Trading (collectively, the "AllianceBernstein Insider Trading Policies"). A copy of the AllianceBernstein Insider Trading Policies may be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. All AllianceBernstein employees are required to be familiar with these policies2 and to abide by them. 6. Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions AllianceBernstein recognizes the importance to its employees of being able to manage and develop their own and their dependents' financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However, because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business, our industry and AllianceBernstein have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. As a general matter, AllianceBernstein discourages personal investments by employees in individual securities and encourages personal investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds. ---------------------------- 2 The subject of insider trading will be covered in various Compliance training programs and materials. - 4 - 81149 v3 AllianceBernstein senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests with the interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the mutual fund products and services offered by AllianceBernstein, where available and appropriate. The policies and procedures for personal trading are set forth in full detail in the AllianceBernstein Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, included in the Code as Appendix A. The following is a summary of the major restrictions that apply to personal trading by employees, their immediate family members and other financial dependents: - Employees must disclose all of their securities and mutual fund accounts to the Legal and Compliance Department; - Employees may maintain securities accounts only at specified designated broker-dealers; Employees must pre-clear all securities trades, including non-affiliated mutual funds (but not money market funds), with the Legal and Compliance Department prior to placing trades with their broker-dealer (prior supervisory approval is required for portfolio managers, research analysts, traders, persons with access to AllianceBernstein research, and others designated by the Legal and Compliance Department); - Employees may only make five trades in individual securities during any rolling thirty calendar-day period; - Employee purchases of individual securities are subject to a one-year holding period (ninety days for mutual funds). No holding period applies to money market funds; - Employees may not participate in initial public offerings; - Employees must get written approval, and make certain representations, in order to participate in limited or private offerings; - Employees must submit initial and annual holding reports, disclosing all securities (including mutual funds, other than money market funds) held in personal accounts; - Employees must submit quarterly reports identifying all securities and mutual fund transactions (other than money market funds) in personal accounts that were not otherwise included in broker trade confirmations or account statements already provided to the Legal and Compliance Department; - The Legal and Compliance Department has the authority to deny: a. Any personal trade by an employee if the security is being considered for purchase or sale in a client account, there are open orders for the security on a trading desk, or the security appears on any AllianceBernstein restricted list; b. Any short sale by an employee for a personal account if the security is being held long in AllianceBernstein - managed portfolios; and c. Any personal trade by a portfolio manager or research analyst in a security that is subject to a blackout period as a result of client portfolio trading or recommendations to clients. - Separate requirements and restrictions apply to directors who are not employees of AllianceBernstein, as explained in further detail in the AllianceBernstein Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, Exhibit A of this document. - 5 - 81149 v3 This summary should not be considered a substitute for reading, understanding and complying with the detailed restrictions and requirements that appear in the AllianceBernstein Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, included as Appendix A to the Code. 7. Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and Interests Although activities outside of AllianceBernstein are not necessarily a conflict of interest, a conflict may exist depending upon your position within AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein's relationship with the particular activity in question. Outside activities may also create a potential conflict of interest if they cause an AllianceBernstein employee to choose between that interest and the interests of AllianceBernstein or any client of AllianceBernstein. AllianceBernstein recognizes that the guidelines in this Section are not applicable to directors of AllianceBernstein who do not also serve in management positions within AllianceBernstein ("Outside Directors"). (a) Board Member or Trustee i. No AllianceBernstein employee shall serve on any board of directors or trustees or in any other management capacity of any unaffiliated public company. ii. No AllianceBernstein employee shall serve on any board of directors or trustees or in any other management capacity of any private company without prior written approval (other than not-for-profit organizations) from the employee's supervisor.3 After obtaining supervisory approval, the employee must obtain written authorization from AllianceBernstein's Chief Compliance Officer who will provide final approval. This approval is also subject to review by, and may require the approval of, AllianceBernstein's Chief Executive Officer. The decision as to whether to grant such authorization will be based on a determination that such service would not be inconsistent with the interests of any client, as well as an analysis of the time commitment and potential personal liabilities and responsibilities associated with the outside affiliation.4 Any AllianceBernstein employee who serves as a director, trustee or in any other management capacity of any private company must resign that position prior to the company becoming a publicly traded company. iii. This approval requirement applies regardless of whether an AllianceBernstein employee plans to serve as a director of an outside business organization (1) in a personal capacity or -------------------------------------------------- 3 No approval is required to serve as a trustee/board member of not-for-profit organizations such as religious organizations, foundations, educational institutions, co-ops, private clubs etc., provided that the organization has not issued, and does not have future plans to issue, publicly held securities, including debt obligations. Indeed, AllianceBernstein recognizes that its employees often engage in community service in their local communities and engage in a variety of charitable activities, and it commends such service. However, it is the duty of every AllianceBernstein employee to ensure that all outside activities, even charitable or pro bono activities, do not constitute a conflict of interest or are not otherwise inconsistent with employment by AllianceBernstein. Accordingly, although no approval is required, each employee must use his/her best efforts to ensure that the organization does not use the employee's affiliation with AllianceBernstein, including his/her corporate title, in any promotional (other than a "bio" section) or fundraising activities, or to advance a specific mission or agenda of the entity. Such positions also must be reported to the firm pursuant to other periodic requests for information (e.g., the AllianceBernstein 10-K questionnaire). 4 Such authorization requires an agreement on the part of the employee to not hold him or herself out as acting on behalf of AllianceBernstein (or any affiliate) and to use best efforts to ensure that AllianceBernstein's name (or that of any AllianceBernstein affiliated company) is not used in connection with the proposed affiliation (other than in a "bio" section), and in particular, activities relating to fundraising or to the advancement of a specific entity mission or agenda. - 6 - 81149 v3 (2) as a representative of AllianceBernstein or of an entity within the AllianceBernstein Group holding a corporate board seat on the outside organization (e.g., where AllianceBernstein or its clients may have a significant but non-controlling equity interest in the outside company). iv. New employees with pre-existing relationships are required to resign from the boards of public companies and seek and obtain the required approvals to continue to serve on the boards of private companies. (b) Other Affiliations AllianceBernstein discourages employees from committing to secondary employment, particularly if it poses any conflict in meeting the employee's ability to satisfactorily meet all job requirements and business needs. Before an AllianceBernstein employee accepts a second job, that employee must: - Immediately inform his or her Department Head and Human Resources in writing of the secondary employment; - Ensure that AllianceBernstein's business takes priority over the secondary employment; - Ensure that no conflict of interest exists between AllianceBernstein's business and the secondary employment (see also, footnote 4, previous page); and - Require no special accommodation for late arrivals, early departures, or other special requests associated with the secondary employment. For employees associated with any of AllianceBernstein's registered broker-dealer subsidiaries, written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer for the subsidiary is also required. 5 New employees with pre-existing relationships are required to ensure that their affiliations conform to these restrictions, and must obtain the requisite approvals. (c) Outside Financial or Business Interests AllianceBernstein employees should be cautious with respect to personal investments that may lead to conflicts of interest or raise the appearance of a conflict. Conflicts of interest in this context may arise in cases where an AllianceBernstein employee, a member of his or her family, or a close personal acquaintance, holds a substantial interest in a company that has significant dealings with AllianceBernstein or any of its subsidiaries either on a recurring or "one-off" basis. For example, holding a substantial interest in a family-controlled or other privately-held company that does business with, or competes against, AllianceBernstein or any of its subsidiaries may give rise to a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. In contrast, holding shares in a widely-held public company that does business with AllianceBernstein from time to time may not raise the same types of concerns. Prior to making any such personal investments, AllianceBernstein employees must pre-clear the transaction, in accordance with the Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, attached as Exhibit A of this Code, and should consult as appropriate with their supervisor, the Conflicts Officer, General -------------------------------------- 5 In the case of AllianceBernstein subsidiaries that are holding companies for consolidated subgroups, unless otherwise specified by the holding company's Chief Executive Officer, this approval may be granted by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of each subsidiary or business unit with such a consolidated subgroup. - 7 - 81149 v3 Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other representative of the Legal and Compliance Department. AllianceBernstein employees should also be cautious with respect to outside business interests that may create divided loyalties, divert substantial amounts of their time and/or compromise their independent judgment. If a conflict of interest situation arises, you should report it to your supervisor, the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and/or other representative of AllianceBernstein's Human Resources or Legal and Compliance Department. Business transactions that benefit relatives or close personal friends, such as awarding a service contract to them or a company in which they have a controlling or other significant interest, may also create a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. AllianceBernstein employees must consult their supervisor and/or the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other representative of AllianceBernstein's Human Resources or Legal and Compliance Department before entering into any such transaction. New employees that have outside financial or business interests (as described herein) should report them as required and bring them to the attention of their supervisor immediately. 8. Gifts, Entertainment and Inducements Business gifts and entertainment are designed to build goodwill and sound working relationships among business partners. However, under certain circumstances, gifts, entertainment, favors, benefits, and/or job offers may be attempts to "purchase" favorable treatment. Accepting or offering such inducements could raise doubts about an AllianceBernstein employee's ability to make independent business judgments in our clients' or AllianceBernstein's best interests. For example, a problem would arise if (i) the receipt by an AllianceBernstein employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement would compromise, or could be reasonably viewed as compromising, that individual's ability to make objective and fair business decisions on behalf of AllianceBernstein or its clients, or (ii) the offering by an AllianceBernstein employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement appears to be an attempt to obtain business through improper means or to gain any special advantage in our business relationships through improper means. These situations can arise in many different circumstances (including with current or prospective suppliers and clients) and AllianceBernstein employees should keep in mind that certain types of inducements may constitute illegal bribes, pay-offs or kickbacks. In particular, the rules of various securities regulators place specific constraints on the activities of persons involved in the sales and marketing of securities. AllianceBernstein has adopted the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment to address these and other matters. AllianceBernstein Employees must familiarize themselves with this policy and comply with its requirements, which include reporting the acceptance of most business meals, gifts and entertainment to the Compliance Department. A copy of this policy can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, and will be supplied by the Compliance Department upon request. Each AllianceBernstein employee must use good judgment to ensure there is no violation of these principles. If you have any question or uncertainty about whether any gifts, entertainment or other type of inducements are appropriate, please contact your supervisor or a representative of AllianceBernstein's Legal and Compliance Department and/or the Conflicts Officer, as appropriate. If you feel uncomfortable utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or - 8 - 81149 v3 questionable practices. Please see Section 23 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman. 9. Dealings with Government Personnel AllianceBernstein employees should be aware that practices that may be acceptable in the commercial business environment (such as providing certain transportation, business meals, entertainment and other things of nominal value), may be entirely unacceptable and even illegal when they relate to government employees or others who act on a government's behalf. Therefore, you must be aware of and adhere to the relevant laws and regulations governing relations between government employees and customers and suppliers in every country where you conduct business. No AllianceBernstein employee may give money or gifts to any official or any employee of a governmental entity if doing so could reasonably be construed as having any inappropriate connection with AllianceBernstein's business relationship. Such actions are prohibited by law in many jurisdictions. It is the responsibility of all AllianceBernstein employees to adhere to the laws and regulations applicable in the jurisdictions where they do business. We expect all AllianceBernstein employees to refuse to make questionable payments. Any proposed payment or gift to a government official must be reviewed in advance by a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department, even if such payment is common in the country of payment. AllianceBernstein employees should be aware that they do not actually have to make the payment to violate AllianceBernstein's policy and the law -- merely offering, promising or authorizing it will be considered a violation of this Code. 10. Political Contributions by or on behalf of AllianceBernstein Election laws in many jurisdictions generally prohibit political contributions by corporations to candidates. Many local laws also prohibit corporate contributions to local political campaigns. In accordance with these laws, AllianceBernstein does not make direct contributions to any candidates for national or local offices where applicable laws make such contributions illegal. In these cases, contributions to political campaigns must not be, nor appear to be, made with or reimbursed by AllianceBernstein assets or resources. AllianceBernstein assets and resources include (but are not limited to) AllianceBernstein facilities, personnel, office supplies, letterhead, telephones, electronic communication systems and fax machines. Please see the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to political contributions suggested by clients. AllianceBernstein employees who hold or seek to hold political office must do so on their own time, whether through vacation, after work hours or on weekends. Additionally, the employee must notify the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer prior to running for political office to ensure that there are no conflicts of interest with AllianceBernstein business. Election laws in many jurisdictions allow corporations to establish and maintain political action or similar committees, which may lawfully make campaign contributions. AllianceBernstein or companies affiliated with AllianceBernstein may establish such committees or other mechanisms through which AllianceBernstein employees may make political contributions, if permitted under - 9 - 81149 v3 the laws of the jurisdictions in which they operate. Any questions about this policy should be directed to the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. AllianceBernstein employees may make personal political contributions as they see fit in accordance with all applicable laws and the guidelines in the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment. Certain employees involved with the offering or distribution of municipal fund securities (e.g., a "529 Plan") or acting as a director for certain subsidiaries, must also adhere to the restrictions and reporting requirements of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board. 11. "Ethical Wall" Policy AllianceBernstein has established the Policy and Procedures to Control the Flow and Use of Material Non-Public Information ("Ethical Wall Policy"), a copy of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. This policy was established to prevent the flow of material non-public information about a listed company or its securities from AllianceBernstein employees who receive such information in the course of their employment to those AllianceBernstein employees performing investment management activities. If "Ethical Walls" are in place, AllianceBernstein's investment management activities may continue despite the knowledge of material non-public information by other AllianceBernstein employees involved in different parts of AllianceBernstein's business. "Investment management activities" involve making, participating in, or obtaining information regarding purchases or sales of securities of public companies or making, or obtaining information about, recommendations with respect to purchases or sales of such securities. Given AllianceBernstein's extensive investment management activities, it is very important for AllianceBernstein employees to familiarize themselves with AllianceBernstein's Ethical Wall Policy and abide by it. 12. Corporate Opportunities and Resources AllianceBernstein employees owe a duty to AllianceBernstein to advance the firm's legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises and to use corporate resources exclusively for that purpose. Corporate opportunities and resources must not be taken or used for personal gain. AllianceBernstein Employees are prohibited from: - Taking for themselves personally opportunities that are discovered through the use of company property, information or their position; - Using company property, information, resources or their company position for personal gain; and - Competing with AllianceBernstein directly or indirectly. Please also refer to the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, and its Appendix B, the Code of Conduct Regarding the Purchase of Products and Services on Behalf of AllianceBernstein and its Clients, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. 13. Antitrust and Fair Dealing AllianceBernstein believes that the welfare of consumers is best served by economic competition. Our policy is to compete vigorously, aggressively and successfully in today's increasingly - 10 - 81149 v3 competitive business climate and to do so at all times in compliance with all applicable antitrust, competition and fair dealing laws in all the markets in which we operate. We seek to excel while operating honestly and ethically, never through taking unfair advantage of others. Each AllianceBernstein employee should endeavor to deal fairly with AllianceBernstein's customers, suppliers, competitors and other AllianceBernstein employees. No one should take unfair advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts or any other unfair dealing practices. The antitrust laws of many jurisdictions are designed to preserve a competitive economy and promote fair and vigorous competition. We are all required to comply with these laws and regulations. AllianceBernstein employees involved in marketing, sales and purchasing, contracts or in discussions with competitors have a particular responsibility to ensure that they understand our standards and are familiar with applicable competition laws. Because these laws are complex and can vary from one jurisdiction to another, AllianceBernstein employees are urged to seek advice from the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or Corporate Secretary if questions arise. Please also refer to the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to some of these issues. 14. Recordkeeping and Retention Properly maintaining and retaining company records is of the utmost importance. AllianceBernstein employees are responsible for ensuring that AllianceBernstein's business records are properly maintained and retained in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where it operates. AllianceBernstein Employees should familiarize themselves with these laws and regulations. Please see the Record Retention Policy on the Legal and Compliance intranet site for more information. 15. Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits AllianceBernstein employees, and persons acting under their direction, are prohibited from taking any action to coerce, manipulate, mislead or fraudulently influence any independent public or certified public accountant engaged in the performance of an audit or review of AllianceBernstein's financial statements. The following is a non-exhaustive list of actions that might constitute improper influence: - Offering or paying bribes or other financial incentives to an auditor, including offering future employment or contracts for audit or non-audit services; - Knowingly providing an auditor with inaccurate or misleading legal or financial analysis; - Threatening to cancel or canceling existing non-audit or audit engagements if the auditor objects to the company's accounting; or - Seeking to have a partner or other team member removed from the audit engagement because such person objects to the company's accounting. 16. Accuracy of Disclosure Securities and other laws impose public disclosure requirements on AllianceBernstein and require it to regularly file reports, financial information and make other submissions to various regulators - 11 - 81149 v3 and stock market authorities around the globe. Such reports and submissions must comply with all applicable legal requirements and may not contain misstatements or omit material facts. AllianceBernstein employees who are directly or indirectly involved in preparing such reports and submissions, or who regularly communicate with the press, investors and analysts concerning AllianceBernstein, must ensure within the scope of the employee's job activities that such reports, submissions and communications are (i) full, fair, timely, accurate and understandable, and (ii) meet applicable legal requirements. This applies to all public disclosures, oral statements, visual presentations, press conferences and media calls concerning AllianceBernstein, its financial performance and similar matters. In addition, members of AllianceBernstein's Board, executive officers and AllianceBernstein employees who regularly communicate with analysts or actual or potential investors in AllianceBernstein securities are subject to the AllianceBernstein Regulation FD Compliance Policy. A copy of the policy can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. 17. Confidentiality AllianceBernstein employees must maintain the confidentiality of sensitive non-public and other confidential information entrusted to them by AllianceBernstein or its clients and vendors and must not disclose such information to any persons except when disclosure is authorized by AllianceBernstein or mandated by regulation or law. However, disclosure may be made to (1) other AllianceBernstein employees who have a bona-fide "need to know" in connection with their duties, (2) persons outside AllianceBernstein (such as attorneys, accountants or other advisers) who need to know in connection with a specific mandate or engagement from AllianceBernstein or who otherwise have a valid business or legal reason for receiving it and have executed appropriate confidentiality agreements, or (3) regulators pursuant to an appropriate written request (see Section 21). Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to AllianceBernstein or our clients and vendors, if disclosed. The identity of certain clients may be confidential, as well. Intellectual property (such as confidential product information, trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and copyrights), business, marketing and service plans, databases, records, salary information, unpublished financial data and reports as well as information that joint venture partners, suppliers or customers have entrusted to us are also viewed as confidential information. Please note that the obligation to preserve confidential information continues even after employment with AllianceBernstein ends. To safeguard confidential information, AllianceBernstein employees should observe at least the following procedures: - Special confidentiality arrangements may be required for certain parties, including outside business associates and governmental agencies and trade associations, seeking access to confidential information; - Papers relating to non-public matters should be appropriately safeguarded; - Appropriate controls for the reception and oversight of visitors to sensitive areas should be implemented and maintained; - 12 - 81149 v3 - Document control procedures, such as numbering counterparts and recording their distribution, should be used where appropriate; - If an AllianceBernstein employee is out of the office in connection with a material non-public transaction, staff members should use caution in disclosing the AllianceBernstein employee's location; - Sensitive business conversations, whether in person or on the telephone, should be avoided in public places and care should be taken when using portable computers and similar devices in public places; and - E-mail messages and attachments containing material non-public information should be treated with similar discretion (including encryption, if appropriate) and recipients should be made aware of the need to exercise similar discretion. 18. Protection and Proper Use of AllianceBernstein Assets AllianceBernstein employees have a responsibility for safeguarding and making proper and efficient use of AllianceBernstein's property. Every AllianceBernstein employee also has an obligation to protect AllianceBernstein's property from loss, fraud, damage, misuse, theft, embezzlement or destruction. Acts of fraud, theft, loss, misuse, carelessness and waste of assets may have a direct impact on AllianceBernstein's profitability. Any situations or incidents that could lead to the theft, loss, fraudulent or other misuse or waste of AllianceBernstein property should be reported to your supervisor or a representative of AllianceBernstein's Human Resources or Legal and Compliance Department as soon as they come to an employee's attention. Should an employee feel uncomfortable utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section 23 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman. 19. Compliance Practices and Policies of Group Subsidiaries AllianceBernstein is considered for most purposes to be a subsidiary of AXA, a French holding company doing business in more than more than 50 countries around the world, each of which has its own unique business, legal and regulatory environment. Various AXA Group companies, such as AllianceBernstein, have adopted their own compliance policies adapted to their specific businesses and to the specific legal, regulatory and ethical environments in the country or countries where they do business, which the AXA Group encourages for all its companies as a matter of "best practices." The AXA Group has adopted a Compliance Guide, and AXA Financial has put forth a Policy Statement on Ethics, both of which are included on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. AllianceBernstein employees are subject to these AXA policy statements and should therefore be familiar with their requirements. Importantly, all AXA Group employees are able to submit anonymously, any concerns they may have regarding accounting, internal control or auditing matters, including fraud, directly to the Chairman of AXA's Audit Committee. The Chairman of AXA's Audit Committee has a dedicated fax (+331 4500 3016) to receive these concerns from Group employees. See also Sections 22 and 23 for AllianceBernstein's "whistleblower" protection and related reporting mechanisms. - 13 - 81149 v3 20. Exceptions from the Code In addition to the exceptions contained within the specific provisions of the Code, the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer (or his or her designee) may, in very limited circumstances, grant other exceptions under any Section of this Code on a case-by-case basis, under the following procedures: (a) Written Statement and Supporting Documentation The individual seeking the exception furnishes to the Chief Compliance Officer, as applicable: (1) A written statement detailing the efforts made to comply with the requirement from which the individual seeks an exception; (2) A written statement containing a representation and warranty that (i) compliance with the requirement would impose a severe undue hardship on the individual and (ii) the exception would not, in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles herein or compromise the individual's or AllianceBernstein's fiduciary duty to any client; and (3) Any supporting documentation that the Chief Compliance Officer may require. (b) Compliance Interview The Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) will conduct an interview with the individual or take such other steps deemed appropriate in order to determine that granting the exception will not, in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles herein or compromise the individual's or AllianceBernstein's fiduciary duty to any client; and will maintain all written statements and supporting documentation, as well as documentation of the basis for granting the exception. PLEASE NOTE: To the extent required by law or NYSE rule, any waiver or amendment of this Code for AllianceBernstein's executive officers (including AllianceBernstein's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer) or directors shall be made at the discretion of the Board of AllianceBernstein Corporation and promptly disclosed to the unitholders of AllianceBernstein Holding pursuant to Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Exchange Listed Company Manual. 21. Regulatory Inquiries, Investigations and Litigation (a) Requests for Information Governmental agencies and regulatory organizations may from time to time conduct surveys or make inquiries that request information about AllianceBernstein, its customers or others that generally would be considered confidential or proprietary. All regulatory inquiries concerning AllianceBernstein are to be handled by the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. Employees receiving such inquiries should refer such matters immediately to the Legal and Compliance Department. - 14 - 81149 v3 (b) Types of Inquiries Regulatory inquiries may be received by mail, e-mail, telephone or personal visit. In the case of a personal visit, demand may be made for the immediate production or inspection of documents. While any telephone or personal inquiry should be handled in a courteous manner, the caller or visitor should be informed that responses to such requests are the responsibility of AllianceBernstein's Legal and Compliance Department. Therefore, the visitor should be asked to wait briefly while a call is made to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel for guidance on how to proceed. In the case of a telephone inquiry, the caller should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel or informed that his/her call will be promptly returned. Letter or e-mail inquiries should be forwarded promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel, who will provide an appropriate response. (c) Responding to Information Requests Under no circumstances should any documents or material be released without prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. Likewise, no employee should have substantive discussions with any regulatory personnel without prior consultation with either of these individuals. Note that this policy is standard industry practice and should not evoke adverse reaction from any experienced regulatory personnel. Even if an objection to such delay is made, the policy is fully within the law and no exceptions should be made. (d) Use of Outside Counsel It is the responsibility of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel to inform AllianceBernstein's outside counsel in those instances deemed appropriate and necessary. (e) Regulatory Investigation Any employee that is notified that they are the subject of a regulatory investigation, whether in connection with his or her activities at AllianceBernstein or at a previous employer, must immediately notify the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. (f) Litigation Any receipt of service or other notification of a pending or threatened action against the firm should be brought to the immediate attention of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. These individuals also should be informed of any instance in which an employee is sued in a matter involving his/her activities on behalf of AllianceBernstein. Notice also should be given to either of these individuals upon receipt of a subpoena for information from AllianceBernstein relating to any matter in litigation or receipt of a garnishment lien or judgment against the firm or any of its clients or employees. The General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer will determine the appropriate response. 22. Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct/"Whistleblower" Protection No Code can address all specific situations. Accordingly, each AllianceBernstein employee is responsible for applying the principles set forth in this Code in a responsible fashion and with the exercise of good judgment and common sense. Whenever uncertainty arises, an AllianceBernstein - 15 - 81149 v3 employee should seek guidance from an appropriate supervisor or a representative of Human Resources or the Legal and Compliance Department before proceeding. All AllianceBernstein employees should promptly report any practices or actions the employee believes to be inappropriate or inconsistent with any provisions of this Code. In addition all employees must promptly report any actual violations of the Code to the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or a designee. Any person reporting a violation in good faith will be protected against reprisals. If you feel uncomfortable utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section 23 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman. AllianceBernstein employees may also utilize the AXA Group's anonymous reporting mechanism as detailed in Section 19. 23. Company Ombudsman AllianceBernstein's Company Ombudsman provides a neutral, confidential, informal and independent communications channel where any AllianceBernstein employee can obtain assistance in surfacing and resolving work-related issues. The primary purpose of the Ombudsman is to help AllianceBernstein: - Safeguard its reputation and financial, human and other company assets; - Maintain an ethical and fiduciary culture; - Demonstrate and achieve its commitment to "doing the right thing;" and - Comply with relevant provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, as well as AllianceBernstein's 2003 SEC Order, New York Stock Exchange Rule 303A.10 and other laws, regulations and policies. The Ombudsman seeks to provide early warnings and to identify changes that will prevent malfeasance and workplace issues from becoming significant or recurring. The Ombudsman has a reporting relationship to the AllianceBernstein CEO, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation and independent directors of AllianceBernstein's U.S. mutual fund boards. Any type of work-related issue may be brought to the Ombudsman, including potential or actual financial malfeasance, security matters, inappropriate business practices, compliance issues, unethical behavior, violations of law, health and safety issues, and employee relations issues. The Ombudsman supplements, but does not replace existing formal channels such as Human Resources, Legal and Compliance, Internal Audit, Security and line management. - 16 - 81149 v3 24. Sanctions Upon learning of a violation of this Code, any member of the AllianceBernstein Group, with the advice of the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and/or the AllianceBernstein Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, may impose such sanctions as such member deems appropriate, including, among other things, restitution, censure, suspension or termination of service. Persons subject to this Code who fail to comply with it may also be violating the U.S. federal securities laws or other federal, state or local laws within their particular jurisdictions. 25. Annual Certifications Each person subject to this Code must certify at least annually to the Chief Compliance Officer that he or she has read and understands the Code, recognizes that he or she is subject hereto and has complied with its provisions and disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions and other items required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. The Chief Compliance Officer may require interim certifications for significant changes to the Code. - 17 - 81149 v3 APPENDIX A ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ---------------------------------------- 1. Overview (a) Introduction AllianceBernstein recognizes the importance to its employees of being able to manage and develop their own and their dependents' financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However, because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business, our industry and AllianceBernstein have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. Employees should be aware that their ability to liquidate positions may be severely restricted under these policies, including during times of market volatility. Therefore, as a general matter, AllianceBernstein discourages personal investments by employees in individual securities and encourages personal investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds. AllianceBernstein senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests with the interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the mutual fund products and services offered by AllianceBernstein, where available and appropriate. (b) Definitions The following definitions apply for purposes of this Appendix A of the Code; however additional definitions are contained in the text itself.1 1. "AllianceBernstein" means AllianceBernstein L.P., its subsidiaries and its joint venture entities. 2. "Beneficial Ownership" is interpreted in the same manner as in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), Rule 16a-1 and the other rules and regulations thereunder and includes ownership by any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a Security. For example, an individual has an indirect pecuniary interest in any Security owned by the individual's spouse. --------------------------------------- 1 Due to the importance that AllianceBernstein places on promoting responsible personal trading, we have applied the definition of "access person," as used in Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act, and related requirements to all AllianceBernstein employees and officers. We have drafted special provisions for directors of AllianceBernstein who are not also employees of AllianceBernstein. A-1 81149 v3 Beneficial Ownership also includes, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, having or sharing "voting power" or "investment power," as those terms are used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder. 3. "Client" means any person or entity, including an investment company, for which AllianceBernstein serves as investment manager or adviser. 4. "Chief Compliance Officer" refers to AllianceBernstein's Chief Compliance Officer. 5. "Code of Ethics Oversight Committee" refers to the committee of AllianceBernstein's senior officers that is responsible for monitoring compliance with the Code. 6. "Conflicts Officer" refers to AllianceBernstein's Conflicts Officer, who reports to the Chief Compliance Officer. 7. "Control" has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. 8. "Director" means any person who serves in the capacity of a director of AllianceBernstein Corporation. "Affiliated Director" means any Director who is not an Employee (as defined below) but who is an employee of an entity affiliated with AllianceBernstein. "Outside Director" means any Director who is neither an Employee (as defined below) nor an employee of an entity affiliated with AllianceBernstein. 9. "Employee" refers to any person who is an employee or officer of AllianceBernstein, including part-time employees and consultants (acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager, trader or research analyst) under the Control of AllianceBernstein. 10. "Initial Public Offering" means an offering of Securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act"), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as well as similar offerings of Securities issued outside the United States. 11. "Investment Personnel" refers to: a. Any Employee who acts in the capacity of a portfolio manager, research analyst or trader or any other capacity (such as an assistant to one of the foregoing) and in connection with his or her regular duties makes or participates in making, or is in a position to be aware of, recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Client; b. Any Employee who receives the AllianceBernstein Global Equity Review or has access to the AllianceBernstein Express Research database, or Research Wire; A-2 81149 v3 c. Any Employees participating in (including passively listening to) "morning calls" for any of the managed account disciplines or broker-dealer subsidiaries; d. Any other Employee designated as such by the Legal and Compliance Department; or e. Any natural person who Controls AllianceBernstein and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to a Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client. 12. "Limited Offering" means an offering that is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6) thereof or pursuant to Rules 504, 505 or 506 under the 1933 Act, as well as similarly exempted offerings of Securities issued outside the United States. Investments in hedge funds are typically sold in a limited offering setting. 13. "Ombudsman" means the Company Ombudsman of AllianceBernstein, or any of his/her staff members. 14. "Personal Account" refers to any account (including, without limitation, a custody account, safekeeping account and an account maintained by an entity that may act in a brokerage or a principal capacity) in which Securities may be traded or custodied, and in which an Employee has any Beneficial Ownership, and any such account maintained by or for a financial dependent of an Employee. For example, this definition includes Personal Accounts of: a. An Employee's spouse/domestic partner, including a legally separated or divorced spouse who is a financial dependent; b. Financial dependents of an Employee, including both those residing with the Employee and those not residing with the Employee, such as financially dependent children away at college; and c. Any person or entity for which the Employee acts as a fiduciary (e.g., acting as a Trustee) or who has given investment discretion to the Employee, other than accounts over which the employee has discretion as a result of his or her responsibilities at AllianceBernstein. Personal Accounts include any account meeting the above definition even if the Employee has given discretion over the account to someone else. 15. "Purchase or Sale of a Security" includes, among other transactions, the writing or purchase of an option to sell a Security and any short sale of a Security. 16. "Security" has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act and includes any derivative thereof, commodities, options or forward contracts, except that it shall not include: a. Securities issued by the government of the United States; A-3 81149 v3 b. Short-term debt securities that are government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act; and c. Bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and such other instruments as may be designated from time to time by the Chief Compliance Officer. NOTE: Shares of all mutual funds, including exchange-traded funds and money market funds, are "Securities" for purposes of this policy. However, the pre-clearance and reporting requirements, as well as the short-term trading and number of trade limitations do not apply to money market fund shares. 17. A Security is "Being Considered for Purchase or Sale" when: a. An AllianceBernstein Growth research analyst issues research information (including as part of the daily morning call) regarding initial coverage of, or changing a rating with respect to, a Security; b. A portfolio manager has indicated (e.g., during the daily Growth morning call or identified as a Value priority purchase/sale, or otherwise) his or her intention to purchase or sell a Security; or c. An open order2 in the Security exists on any buy-side trading desk. This is not an exhaustive list. At the discretion of the Legal and Compliance Department, a Security may be deemed "Being Considered for Purchase or Sale" even if none of the above events have occurred, particularly if a portfolio manager is contemplating the purchase or sale of that Security, as evidenced by e-mails or the manager's preparation of, or request for, research. 18. "Security held or to be acquired or sold" means: a. Any Security which, within the most recent 15 days (i) is or has been held by a Client in an AllianceBernstein-managed account or (ii) is being or has been considered by AllianceBernstein for purchase or sale for the Client; and b. Any option to purchase or sell, and any Security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Security. 19. "Subsidiary" refers to entities with respect to which AllianceBernstein, directly or indirectly, through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise has the power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies of such entity. --------------------------- 2 Defined as any client order on a Growth trading desk which has not been completely executed, as well as any "significant" open Value client orders, or Value "priority" purchases or sales, as those terms are defined by the applicable Value SBU CIO. A-4 81149 v3 2. Requirements and Restrictions - All Employees The following are the details of the standards which must be observed: (a) General Standards Employees have an obligation to conduct their personal investing activities and related Securities transactions lawfully and in a manner that avoids actual or potential conflicts between their own interests and the interests of AllianceBernstein and its clients. Employees must carefully consider the nature of their AllianceBernstein responsibilities - and the type of information that he or she might be deemed to possess in light of any particular securities transaction - before engaging in any investment-related activity or transaction. i. Material Nonpublic Information: Employees in possession of material nonpublic information about or affecting Securities, or their issuer, are prohibited from buying or selling such Securities, or advising any other person to buy or sell such Securities. Similarly, they may not disclose such information to anyone without the permission of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Please see the AllianceBernstein Insider Trading Policies, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. ii. Market-Timing: Purchases and exchanges of shares of mutual funds should be made for investment purposes only. Accordingly, Employees are prohibited from engaging in short-term trading ("market-timing") in mutual funds (other than money market fund shares), which for purposes of the Code is defined as a purchase and redemption, regardless of size, in and out of the same mutual fund within any ninety (90) day period. Employees also are prohibited from engaging in any other transactions in a mutual fund that are in violation of the fund's prospectus, whether or not that fund is managed by AllianceBernstein, an affiliate of AllianceBernstein or an outside adviser.3 iii. Personal Responsibility: It is the responsibility of each Employee to ensure that all Securities transactions in Personal Accounts are made in strict compliance with the restrictions and procedures in the Code and this Appendix A, and otherwise comply with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. iv. Affiliated Directors and Outside Directors: The personal trading restrictions of Appendix A of the Code do not apply to any Affiliated Director or Outside Director, provided that at the time of the transaction, he or she has no actual knowledge that the Security involved is "Being Considered for Purchase or Sale." Affiliated --------------------------- 3 These restrictions shall not apply to investments in mutual funds through non-discretionary asset allocation programs; automatic reinvestment programs; automatic investments through 401(k) and similar retirement accounts; and any other non-volitional investment vehicles. These restrictions also do not apply to transactions in money market funds and other short duration funds used as checking accounts or for similar cash management purposes. A-5 81149 v3 Directors and Outside Directors, however, are subject to reporting requirements as described in Section 7 below. (b) Disclosure of Personal Accounts All Employees must disclose their Personal Accounts to the Compliance Department (and take all necessary actions to close any accounts held with non-designated brokers, see next section). It is each Employee's responsibility to ensure that the Compliance Department is appropriately notified of all accounts and to direct the broker to provide the Compliance Department with electronic and/or paper brokerage transaction confirmations and account statements (and verify that it has been done). Do not assume that the broker-dealer will automatically arrange for this information to be set up and forwarded correctly. (c) Designated Brokerage Accounts Personal Accounts of an Employee that are maintained as brokerage accounts must be held only at the following approved designated broker-dealers (each a "Designated Broker"): 4 - Charles Schwab; - Credit Suisse First Boston (the DLJ group); - E*TRADE Financial (formerly Harrisdirect); - Merrill Lynch; and/or - Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC Under limited circumstances, the Compliance Department may grant exceptions to this policy and approve the use of other broker-dealers or custodians (such as in the case of proprietary products that can only be held at specific firms). In addition, the Chief Compliance Officer may in the future modify this list. All Securities in which an Employee has any Beneficial Ownership must be held in Personal Accounts and maintained in accordance with the Designated Broker requirements described above (except that shares of open-end mutual funds may be held directly with the investment company). Additionally, Employees may effect Securities transactions only in Personal Accounts (or directly through a mutual fund's transfer agent). In limited circumstances, the Chief Compliance Officer, or his designee, may grant an exception to these requirements (see Section 20 of the Code). This requirement applies to all types of Securities and personal Securities transactions including, for example, Securities issued in a Limited Offering or other direct investments. --------------------------- 4 Exceptions may apply in certain non-U.S. locations. Please consult with your local compliance officer. A-6 81149 v3 (d) Pre-Clearance Requirement i. Subject to the exceptions specified below, an Employee may not purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Security (including mutual fund shares, but excluding money market funds and AllianceBernstein open-end mutual fund shares)5 in which the Employee has (or after such transaction would have) any Beneficial Ownership unless the Employee obtains the prior approval from the Compliance Department and, in the case of Investment Personnel, the head of the business unit (or a designated manager) in which the Employee works.6 Pre-clearance requests must be made on the date of the contemplated transaction, through the use of the appropriate Pre-Clearance Form. These requests will document (a) the details of the proposed transaction and (b) representations as to compliance with the personal trading restrictions of this Code. Pre-Clearance requests will be acted on by the Legal and Compliance Department only between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. (New York time). The Legal and Compliance Department will review the request to determine if the proposed transaction complies with the Code, whether that security is restricted for AllianceBernstein personnel, and if appropriate, contact the appropriate supervisor (or a person designated by the supervisor) to determine whether the proposed transaction raises any potential conflicts of interest or other issues. The Compliance Department will communicate to the requesting Employee its approval or denial of the proposed transaction, either in writing or orally. In the U.S. and Canada, any approval given under this paragraph will remain in effect only until the end of the trading day on which the approval was granted. For employees in offices outside the U.S. and Canada, such approval will remain in effect for the following business day as well. Good-until-cancel limit orders are not permitted without daily requests for pre-clearance approval. Employees must wait for approval before placing the order with their broker. The Legal and Compliance Department will maintain an electronic log of all pre-clearance requests and indicate the approval or denial of the request in the log. PLEASE NOTE: When a Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client (see Section 2(i) below) or is being purchased or sold for a Client following the approval on the same day of a personal trading request form for the same Security, the Legal and Compliance Department is authorized to cancel the personal order if (a) it has not been executed and the order exceeds a market value of $50,000 or (b) the Legal and Compliance Department determines, after consulting with the trading desk and the appropriate business unit head (if available), that the order, based on market conditions, liquidity and other relevant factors, could have an adverse impact on a ------------------------ 5 Open-end mutual fund purchases not directed by the Employee (e.g., by spouses or domestic partners) are not subject to the pre-clearance requirements. See other exceptions later in this section. 6 For purposes of the pre-clearance requirement, all employees in the Value SBU are considered Investment Personnel, and are therefore required to have all of their trades pre-approved by the head of their respective departments (or a designee). A-7 81149 v3 Client or on a Client's ability to purchase or sell the Security or other Securities of the issuer involved. ii. Exceptions: The pre-clearance requirements do not apply to7: a. Non-Volitional Transactions, including: - Transactions in a Personal Account managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager; - Any Security received as part of an Employee's compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared); - Investment vehicles in which the specific funds are not identified. For example, certain "529" and 401(k) plans only permit the investor to choose among generically named collective vehicles (e.g., "aggressive growth option") without naming the specific underlying fund(s) in which it is invested. If, however, the employee is able to direct the assets to a specific mutual fund, the transaction should be pre-cleared. - Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee's Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to the pre-clearance requirement. The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions. b. Money Market Funds/AllianceBernstein Open-End Mutual Funds Employees are not required to pre-clear transactions in money market funds, or other short duration funds used as checking accounts or for similar cash management purposes. Transactions in AllianceBernstein open-end mutual funds are not required to go through the formal pre-clearance process. c. Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer's Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific --------------------------- 7 Additional Securities may be exempted from the pre-clearance requirement if, in the opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer, no conflict of interest could arise from personal trades in such Security. A-8 81149 v3 upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights. (e) Limitation on the Number of Trades No more than an aggregate of five (5) transactions in individual Securities may occur in an Employee's Personal Accounts during any rolling thirty-day period. However, if the transaction in a Personal Account is directed by a non-Employee spouse or domestic partner and/or other non-Employee covered under the Code (and not by the Employee), the number of permitted Securities transactions is limited to twenty (20) transactions in any rolling thirty-day period. Mutual fund transactions do not count toward either of these limitations. (f) Short-Term Trading i. Employees must always conduct their personal trading activities lawfully, properly and responsibly, and are encouraged to adopt long-term investment strategies that are consistent with their financial resources and objectives. AllianceBernstein discourages short-term trading strategies, and Employees are cautioned that such strategies may inherently carry a higher risk of regulatory and other scrutiny. In any event, excessive or inappropriate trading that interferes with job performance, or compromises the duty that AllianceBernstein owes to its Clients will not be tolerated. Employees are subject to a mandatory buy and hold of all individual Securities held in a Personal Account for twelve months.8 A last-in-first out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Securities purchases for determining compliance with this holding rule. ii. Exceptions to the short-term trading rules (i.e., the one-year hold): a. Mutual Funds: Purchases of mutual funds, whether such funds are managed by AllianceBernstein or an outside adviser/investment company, whether open- or closed-end, are subject to a 90-day holding period. Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs") are covered under this 90-day provision. No holding period applies to money market funds (nor do they require pre-clearance or reporting). b. For Securities transactions in Personal Accounts of spouses and domestic partners and other non-Employees (e.g., financially dependent children) which are not directed by the Employee are subject to a mandatory buy and hold (or sale and buyback) of 60-calendar days. However, after 30 calendar days, such a transaction will be permitted for these Personal Accounts if necessary to minimize a loss. ------------------------------------------ 8 Relating to the buyback of a previously sold Security, an employee must wait 60 days if the new purchase price is lower than the previous sale, and 30 days if the new purchase price exceeds the previous sale price. A-9 81149 v3 c. Transactions in a Personal Account managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity. Any trade made in violation of this section of the Code shall be unwound, or, if that is not practicable, all profits from the short-term trading may be disgorged as directed by the Chief Compliance Officer. (g) Short Sales The Legal and Compliance Department will prohibit an Employee from engaging in any short sale of a Security in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, any Client has a long position in such Security in an AllianceBernstein-managed portfolio (except that an Employee may engage in short sales against the box and covered call writing provided that these personal Securities transactions do not violate the prohibition against short-term trading). (h) Trading in AllianceBernstein Units and Closed-End Mutual Funds During certain times of the year, Employees may be prohibited from conducting transactions in the equity units of AllianceBernstein. Additional restricted periods may be required for certain individuals and events, and the Legal and Compliance Department will announce when such additional restricted periods are in effect. Transactions in AllianceBernstein Units and closed-end mutual funds managed by AllianceBernstein are subject to the same pre-clearance process as other Securities, with certain additional Compliance Department approval required. See the Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AllianceBernstein Units and the Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AllianceBernstein Closed-End Mutual Funds. Employees are not permitted to transact in short sales of AllianceBernstein Units. (i) Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale i. The Legal and Compliance Department will, subject to the exceptions below, prohibit an Employee from purchasing or selling a Security (or a derivative product), or engaging in any short sale of a Security, in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client or is being purchased or sold for a Client. Please see the definition of a Security "Being Considered for Purchase or Sale" (Section 1(b)(17) of this Appendix) for a non-exhaustive list of examples which illustrate this prohibition. ii. Exceptions: This prohibition does not apply to: a. Non-Volitional Transactions, including: - Transactions in a Personal Account managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager; A-10 81149 v3 - Any Security received as part of an Employee's compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared); - Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee's Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to this prohibition. The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions. b. Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer's Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights. c. De Minimis Transactions -- Fixed Income Securities Any of the following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client: - Fixed income securities transaction involving no more than 100 units or having a principal amount not exceeding $25,000; or - Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization ("NRSRO") in one of the three highest investment grade rating categories. d. De Minimis Transactions -- Equity Securities Any equity Security transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of common stock and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided: - Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as "market on open" or "market on close;" - The aggregate value of the transactions do not exceed (1) $10,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of less than $1 billion; (2) A-11 81149 v3 $25,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of $1 billion to $5 billion and (3) $50,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of greater than $5 billion; and - The Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client. PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared by the Legal and Compliance Department in advance of being placed. (j) Restricted List A Security may not be purchased or sold in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, the Security appears on the AllianceBernstein Daily Restricted List and is restricted for Employee transactions. The Daily Restricted List is made available each business day to all Employees via the AllianceBernstein intranet home page at: http://www.acml.com. (k) Dissemination of Research Information i. An Employee may not buy or sell any Security for a Personal Account that is the subject of "significantly new" or "significantly changed" research during the period commencing with the approval of the research and continuing for twenty-four hours subsequent to the first publication or release of the research. An Employee also may not buy or sell any Security on the basis of research that AllianceBernstein has not yet made public or released. The terms "significantly new" and "significantly changed" include: a. The initiation of coverage by an AllianceBernstein Growth or Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC research analyst; b. Any change in a research rating or position by an AllianceBernstein Growth or Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC research analyst; c. Any other rating, view, opinion, or advice from an AllianceBernstein Growth research analyst, the issuance (or re-issuance) of which in the opinion of such research analyst, or his or her director of research, would be reasonably likely to have a material effect on the price of the security. ii. Exceptions: This prohibition does not apply to: a. Non-Volitional Transactions, including: - Transactions in a Personal Account managed for an Employee on a discretionary basis by a third person or entity, when the Employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager; A-12 81149 v3 - Any Security received as part of an Employee's compensation (although any subsequent sales must be pre-cleared); - Any Securities transaction effected in an Employee's Personal Account pursuant to an automatic investment plan, which means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) a Personal Account in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, and includes dividend reinvestment plans. Additional purchases and sales that are not automatic, however, are subject to this prohibition. The Legal and Compliance Department may request an Employee to certify as to the non-volitional nature of these transactions. b. Exercise of Pro Rata Issued Rights Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer's Securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. This exemption applies only to the exercise or sale of rights that are issued in connection with a specific upcoming public offering on a specified date, as opposed to rights acquired from the issuer (such as warrants or options), which may be exercised from time-to-time up until an expiration date. This exemption does not apply to the sale of stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of rights. c. De Minimis Transactions -- Fixed Income Securities This exception does not apply to research issued by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. Any of the following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual knowledge that the issuer is the subject of significantly new or significantly changed research: - Fixed income securities transaction involving no more than 100 units or having a principal amount not exceeding $25,000; or - Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization ("NRSRO") in one of the three highest investment grade rating categories. d. De Minimis Transactions -- Equity Securities This exception does not apply to research issued by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. Any equity Securities transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of common stock and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided: - Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as "market on open" or "market on close;" A-13 81149 v3 - The aggregate value of the transactions do not exceed (1) $10,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of less than $1 billion; (2) $25,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of $1 billion to $5 billion and (3) $50,000 for Securities of an issuer with a market capitalization of greater than $5 billion; and - The Employee has no actual knowledge that the issuer is the subject of significantly new or significantly changed research. PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared by the Legal and Compliance Department in advance of being placed. (l) Initial Public Offerings No Employee shall acquire for a Personal Account any Security issued in an Initial Public Offering. (m) Limited Offerings/Private Placements No Employee shall acquire any Security issued in any limited or private offering (please note that hedge funds are sold as limited or private offerings) unless the Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) and the Employee's Business Unit Head give express prior written approval and document the basis for granting approval after due inquiry. The Chief Compliance Officer, in determining whether approval should be given, will take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Client and whether the opportunity is being offered to the individual by virtue of his or her position with AllianceBernstein. Employees authorized to acquire Securities issued in a limited or private offering must disclose that investment when they play a part in any Client's subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer, and in such a case, the decision of AllianceBernstein to purchase Securities of that issuer for a Client will be subject to an independent review by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in such issuer.9 Additional restrictions or disclosures may be required if there is a business relationship between the Employee or AllianceBernstein and the issuer of the offering. 3. Additional Restrictions - Portfolio Managers for Specific Client Accounts In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager of a Client account. For purposes of the restrictions in this section, a ----------------------------------- 9 Any Employee who acquires (or any new Employee with a pre-existing position in) an interest in any private investment fund (including a "hedge fund") or any other Security that cannot be purchased and held in an account at a Designated Broker shall be exempt from the Designated Broker requirement as described in this Appendix A of the Code. The Legal and Compliance Department may require an explanation as to why such Security can not be purchased and held in such manner. Transactions in these Securities nevertheless remain subject to all other requirements of this Code, including applicable private placement procedures, pre-clearance requirements and blackout-period trading restrictions. A-14 81149 v3 portfolio manager is defined as an Employee who has specific decision-making authority regarding trades to be entered for specific Client accounts, as well as such Employee's supervisor. Individuals who are members of a centralized portfolio management group (i.e., the Bernstein Value SBU) should refer to Section 4 of this Appendix for applicable restrictions. (a) Blackout Periods No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager will be permitted to buy or sell a Security for a Personal Account within seven calendar days before and after any Client serviced in that manager's product group (e.g., Large Cap Growth) trades in the same Security. If a portfolio manager engages in such a personal securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer may direct that any profit realized on the trade be disgorged. (b) Actions During Blackout Periods No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall delay or accelerate a Client trade due to a previous purchase or sale of a Security for a Personal Account. In the event that a portfolio manager determines that it is in the best interest of a Client to buy or sell a Security for the account of the Client within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal Account, the portfolio manager must contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately, who may direct that the trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other appropriate action. (c) Transactions Contrary to Client Positions No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall purchase or sell a Security in a Personal Account contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of a Client, unless the portfolio manager represents and warrants in the personal trading request form that (1) it is appropriate for the Client account to buy, sell or continue to hold that Security and (2) the decision to purchase or sell the Security for the Personal Account arises from the need to raise or invest cash or some other valid reason specified by the portfolio manager and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer and is not otherwise based on the portfolio manager's view of how the Security is likely to perform. 4. Additional Restrictions - Bernstein Value Portfolio Management Groups In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons in the firm's Bernstein centralized portfolio management groups. (a) Senior Portfolio Managers and Members of the Value Investment Policy Groups Senior Portfolio Managers (SPMs) and members of the Value Investment Policy Groups (IPGs) are restricted from transacting in any Security included in the top 2 quintiles of the Value Research Universe. A-15 81149 v3 (b) All Other Members of the Bernstein Value SBU Members of the Bernstein Value SBU are deemed to have actual knowledge of the unit's Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale. As a consequence, the de minimis exceptions in Section 2(i) of this Appendix relating to "significant" Value Client orders or "priority" purchases or sales (as those terms are defined by the applicable Value CIO) are not available to individuals in the Bernstein Value SBU. 5. Additional Restrictions - Research Analysts In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a research analyst, other than Bernstein Value buy-side analysts. Please note that rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers and the New York Stock Exchange impose additional limitations on the personal trading of the research analysts of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. Such research analysts should refer to the relevant policy documents that detail those additional restrictions. (a) Blackout Periods No person acting as a research analyst shall buy or sell a Security for a Personal Account within seven calendar days before and after making a change in a rating or other published view with respect to that Security. If a research analyst engages in such a personal securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer may direct that any profit realized on the trade be disgorged. (b) Actions During Blackout Periods No person acting as a research analyst shall delay or accelerate a rating or other published view with respect to any Security because of a previous purchase or sale of a Security in such person's Personal Account. In the event that a research analyst determines that it is appropriate to make a change in a rating or other published view within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal Account, the research analyst must contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately, who may direct that the trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other appropriate action. (c) Actions Contrary to Ratings No person acting as a research analyst shall purchase or sell a Security (to the extent such Security is included in the research analyst's research universe) contrary to an outstanding rating or a pending ratings change or traded by a research portfolio, unless (1) the research analyst represents and warrants in the personal trading request form that (as applicable) there is no reason to change the outstanding rating and (2) the research analyst's personal trade arises from the need to raise or invest cash, or some other valid reason specified by the research analyst and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer A-16 81149 v3 and is not otherwise based on the research analyst's view of how the security is likely to perform. 6. Reporting Requirements (a) Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements All Employees must direct their brokers to supply to the Chief Compliance Officer, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations of, and account statements concerning, all Securities transactions in any Personal Account.10 The Compliance Department will review such documents for Personal Accounts to ensure that AllianceBernstein's policies and procedures are being complied with, and make additional inquiries as necessary. Access to duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons who are assigned to perform review functions, and all such materials will be kept confidential except as otherwise required by law. (b) Initial Holdings Reports by Employees An Employee must, within 10 days of commencement of employment with AllianceBernstein, provide a signed and dated Initial Holdings Report to the Chief Compliance Officer. The report must contain the following information current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date of the report: i. All Securities (including mutual fund shares and private investments, but not money market funds)11 held in a Personal Account of the Employee or held directly with the transfer agent of a mutual fund, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security beneficially owned); ii. The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee; and iii. Details of any outside business affiliations. Employees must then take all necessary actions to bring their accounts into compliance with the designated broker guidelines detailed in Section 2(c) of this Appendix. ------------------------------- 10 Each Employee must verify with his or her Designated Broker(s) that the Employee's account(s) is properly "coded" for AllianceBernstein to receive electronic data feeds. 11 Employees are not required to report transactions or holdings in money market funds or other short duration funds used as checking accounts or for similar cash management purposes. In addition, transactions and holdings in investment vehicles in which the specific funds are not identified (e.g., certain "529" and 401(k) plans that only permit the investor to choose among generically named collective vehicles without naming the specific underlying fund(s) in which it invests) do not require reporting. A-17 81149 v3 (c) Quarterly Reports by Employees - including Mutual Funds and Limited Offerings Following each calendar quarter, the Legal and Compliance Department will forward to each Employee, an individualized form containing all Securities transactions in the Employee's Personal Accounts during the quarter based on information reported to AllianceBernstein by the Employee's brokers. Transactions in Personal Accounts managed on a discretionary basis or pursuant to an automated investment program need not be included for purposes of this reporting requirement. Within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, every Employee must review the form and return it to the Chief Compliance Officer, disclosing all transactions made in shares of mutual funds and limited offerings and any other Securities that are not otherwise already pre-populated on the form (generally this will include those shares of mutual funds held directly with the investment company and Securities issued in limited offerings which are not sent directly to the Compliance Department, but also see footnote #11). For each such Security, the report must contain the following information: (1) the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security involved; (2) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (3) the price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; (4) the name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected; and (5) the date the Employee submits the report. In addition, any new Personal Account established during the calendar quarter must be reported, including (1) the name of the broker or other financial institution with which the account was established and (2) the date the account was established. (d) Annual Holdings Reports by Employees On an annual basis, by a date to be specified by the Compliance Department (typically February 15th), each Employee must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated (or electronically certified) Annual Holdings Report containing data current as of a date not more than forty five (45) days prior to the date of the submission. The report must disclose: i. All Securities (including mutual fund shares and limited offerings, but see footnote #11), held in a Personal Account of the Employee, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security beneficially owned); and ii. The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee. In the event that AllianceBernstein already maintains a record of the required information via duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations and account statements received from the Employee's broker-dealer, an Employee may satisfy this requirement by (i) confirming in writing (which may include e-mail) the accuracy of the record on at least an annual basis and (ii) recording the date of the confirmation. A-18 81149 v3 (e) Report and Certification of Adequacy to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients On a periodic basis, but not less than annually, the Chief Compliance Officer shall prepare a written report to the management and the board of directors of each registered investment fund (other than a unit investment trust) in which AllianceBernstein acts as investment adviser setting forth the following: i. A certification on behalf of AllianceBernstein that AllianceBernstein has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Employees and Directors from violating the Code; ii. A summary of existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in procedures made during the past year; and iii. A description of any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Board including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations. AllianceBernstein shall also submit any material changes to this Code to each Fund's Board at the next regular board meeting during the quarter following the change. (f) Report Representations Any Initial or Annual Holdings Report or Quarterly Transaction Report may contain a statement that the report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security to which the report relates. (g) Maintenance of Reports The Chief Compliance Officer shall maintain the information required by this Section and such other records, if any, and for such time periods required by Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and Rules 204-2 and 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. All reports furnished pursuant to this Section will be kept confidential, subject to the rights of inspection and review by the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer and his or her designees, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (or sub-Committee thereof), the Securities and Exchange Commission and by other third parties pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. 7. Reporting Requirements for Directors who are not Employees All Affiliated Directors (i.e., not Employees of AllianceBernstein, but employees of an AllianceBernstein affiliate) and Outside Directors (i.e., neither Employees of AllianceBernstein, nor of an AllianceBernstein affiliate) are subject to the specific reporting requirements of this Section 7 as described below. Directors who are Employees, however, are subject to the full range of personal trading requirements, restrictions and reporting obligations outlined in Sections 1 through 6 of this Appendix A of the Code, as applicable. In addition, all Directors are expected to adhere to the fiduciary duties and high ethical standards described in the Code. The designation of a Director as an Affiliated Director or A-19 81149 v3 Outside Director will be communicated to each such Director by the Chief Compliance Officer. (a) Affiliated Directors i. Initial Holdings Report Upon becoming a Director, an Affiliated Director must submit a signed and dated Initial Holdings Report within ten (10) days of becoming Director. The Initial Holdings Report must contain the following information current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date of the report: a. All Securities (including mutual fund shares, but not money market funds) held in a Personal Account of the Affiliated Director or held directly with the transfer agent of a mutual fund, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security beneficially owned); b. The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Affiliated Director maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee; and c. Details of any outside business affiliations. ii. Annual Holdings Report Once each year, by a dated to be specified by the Legal and Compliance Department (typically February 15th), each Affiliated Director must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer a signed and dated report containing the following information as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date of the report: a. All Securities (including mutual fund shares, but not money market funds), held in a Personal Account of the Affiliated Director, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each Security beneficially owned); and b. The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Affiliated Director maintains a Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee. PLEASE NOTE: In the event that AllianceBernstein already maintains a record of the required information via duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations and account statements received from the Affiliated Director's broker-dealer(s), the Affiliated Director may satisfy this requirement by (i) confirming in writing (which may include e-mail) the accuracy of the record on at least an annual basis and (ii) recording the date of the confirmation. A-20 81149 v3 iii. Quarterly Transaction Report Within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter (see exceptions in section (c)), each Affiliated Director must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated report disclosing all Securities transactions in any Personal Account. For each such Security, the report must contain the following information: a. The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security involved; b. The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); c. The price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; and d. The name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected. (b) Outside Directors i. In general, pursuant to various regulatory rule exceptions and interpretations, no reporting is required of Outside Directors. However, if an Outside Director knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Director should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the Outside Director's transaction in a Security for a Personal Account, a Client bought or sold the Security, or the Client or AllianceBernstein considered buying or selling the Security, the following reporting would be required. Quarterly Transaction Report. In the event that a quarterly transaction report is required pursuant to the scenario in the preceding paragraph, subject to the exceptions in part (c) of this Section 7 below, each outside director must within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, provide to the Chief Compliance Officer, a signed and dated report disclosing all Securities transactions in any Personal Account. For each such Security, the report must contain the following information: a. The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security involved; b. The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); c. The price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; and d. The name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected. A-21 81149 v3 (c) Reporting Exceptions i. Duplicate Broker Confirmations and Account Statements An Affiliated Director or Outside Director is not required to submit any report for any Securities transaction in a Personal Account provided that the transaction and required information are otherwise reported on duplicate copies of broker trade confirmations and account statements provided to the Chief Compliance Officer. ii. Accounts with No Influence or Control An Affiliated Director or Outside Director is not required to submit any report for any Securities transaction in a Personal Account provided that the Affiliated Director or Outside Director has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account. In addition, an Affiliated Director and Outside Director may include a statement that the report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security to which the report relates. A-22 81149 v3 ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS CERTIFICATION I hereby acknowledge receipt of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code") of AllianceBernstein L.P., its subsidiaries and joint ventures, which includes the AllianceBernstein Personal Trading Policies and Procedures attached as Appendix A to the Code. I certify that I have read and understand the Code and recognize that I am subject to its provisions. I have reviewed my own situation and conduct in light of the Code. I confirm that I am in compliance with the Code, including the requirements regarding the manner in which I maintain and report my Securities holdings and transactions in my Personal Accounts (as such terms are defined in Appendix A of the Code) and conduct my personal securities trading activities, as well as the requirements associated with the firm's Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment. I understand that any violation(s) of the Code is grounds for immediate disciplinary action up to, and including, termination of employment. Signature Print Name Date Please return this form to the Chief Compliance Officer at: 1345 Avenue of the Americas - 17th Floor New York, N.Y. 10105 81149 v3
EX-99.P CODE ETH 10 armstrongcoe.htm ARMSTRONG CODE OF ETHICS armstrongcoe.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing

                                                                                       

 

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

45 Grove Street • New Canaan, Connecticut   06840

 

Principals:                                                                                                                                     Phone: (203) 972-9600

     Jeffrey M. Shaw                                                                                                                        Fax:      (203) 972-9630

    Monica C. Grady

    Stephan J. Weinberger

    Bruce P. Crystal

    Fred Norten

    Terry Newman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                           

                                                                                                            October 2006


 

       I.            INTRODUCTION 

  

            Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (“ASA”) is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”).  As a registered investment adviser, ASA is subject to the Advisers Act and to the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  The Securities and Exchange Commission has jurisdiction to enforce the Advisers Act and its rules and regulations.

 

            Where ASA handles the accounts of United States pension plans, it is also subject to the Employees Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Labor.

 

            As a registered investment advisor, ASA owes a duty of loyalty to each of its clients, which requires that the firm serve the best interests of its clients at all times.  ASA’s access persons (includes all employees) shall always place the interests of clients ahead of their own.  ASA will not tolerate illegal or improper actions undertaken either for personal benefit or in a misguided effort to achieve gains on behalf of the firm or its clients.

 

            Each access person must review this manual and abide by its terms.  Of course, there will always be situations not covered by this manual, and some situations may have compliance or regulatory implications that become apparent only upon examination.  Therefore, you should consult Monica Grady, Chief Compliance Officer, whenever you are in doubt about the proper way to respond to the situation.

 

 

    II.            PURPOSE 

 

            This Code of Ethics (the “Code”) was originally adopted in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), as amended.  The purpose of this amended Code is to provide regulations and procedures consistent with the 1940 Act, and Rule 17j-1 thereunder, as well as the Advisers Act’s new rule 204A-1.  In addition to the various laws and regulations covering our activities, it is clearly in our best interest as a professional investment advisory organization to avoid potential conflicts of interest or even the appearance of such conflicts with respect to the conduct of our officers and access persons.  While it is not possible to anticipate all instances of potential conflict, the standard is clear.

 

Rule 17j-1 and Rule 204A-1 set forth the following general prohibitions:

 

It shall be unlawful for any access person of ASA in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired to:

 

1.      employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud;

2.      make any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;


 

 

3.      engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit;

 

4.      engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any client; or

 

5.      to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation

 

 

 III.            GENERAL PRINCIPLES

 

            It is the policy of ASA that no access person shall engage in any act, practice or course of conduct that would violate the provisions of the Investment Advisors Act or the 1940, as amended.

             

            Our aim is to be as flexible as possible in our organization and our internal procedures, while simultaneously protecting our organization and our clients from the damage that could arise from a situation involving a real or apparent conflict of interest.  As a general principle, it is imperative that those who work on behalf of ASA avoid any situation that might compromise, or call into question, their exercise of fully independent judgment in the interests of clients. 

 

            While it is not possible to specifically define and prescribe rules regarding all possible cases in which conflicts might arise, this Code is designed to set forth our policy regarding access person conduct in those situations in which conflicts are most likely to develop.  As you consider the more detailed portions of the Code below, you should keep in mind the following fundamental fiduciary principles that govern personal investment activities:

 

A.    The interests of ASA’s clients must come first at all times.  In any decision relating to your personal investments, you must scrupulously avoid serving your own interests ahead of those of the shareholders.

 

B.     Personal investments should comport with both the letter and the spirit of this Code, and should avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

 

Individual security transactions by access persons of ASA must be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an access person's position of trust and responsibility.  Further, access persons should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions with, or on behalf of, any client of ASA.

 

 

 

 


 

 IV.            DEFINITIONS 

             

A.    “Adviser” means Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc. (“ASA”).

 

B.     “Access Person” means any director, officer, or employee of ASA. 

 

C.     “Beneficial Ownership” shall be interpreted to include any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the security.  As set forth in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the term “pecuniary interest” in securities shall mean the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the subject securities.  A person is regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in 1) the name of his or her spouse, domestic partner, minor children, financial dependents, or other relatives living in his or her household, 2) a trust, estate or other account in which he or she has a present or future interest in the income principal or right to obtain title to securities, or 3) the name of another person or entity by reason of any contract, understanding, relationship, agreement or other arrangement whereby he or she obtains benefits substantially equivalent of ownership.

 

D.    “Buy or sell program” means transactions in client accounts resulting from changes in ASA’s model portfolio and excludes maintenance trades.  Maintenance trades typically occur to raise cash, invest cash deposits or to get a portfolio in line with client guidelines.

 

E.     “Chief Compliance Officer” (CCO) is Monica Grady or her successor.

 

F.      “Control” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a) (9) of the Act  (the power to exercise a controlling influence).

 

G.    “Gifts” include, but are not limited to, occasional meals, tickets to games, concerts or other social events and/or gatherings, wine, food, trips and miscellaneous merchandise and entertainment. 

 

H.      “Investment Company” means a company registered as such under the 1940 Act or any series thereof for which ASA is an investment adviser or sub-advisor.

 

I.       “Inside information” means material non-public information.

 

J.       “Personal Securities Transactions” means transactions in securities 1) for your own accounts, including IRAs, or 2) for an account in which you have indirect beneficial ownership, unless you have no direct or indirect influence or control over the account.  Accounts involving family members (including husband, wife, minor children or other dependent relatives), or accounts in which you have a beneficial interest (such as a trust of which you are an income or principal beneficiary) are included within the meaning of “indirect beneficial interest.”


 

 

L.     “Purchase or sale of a security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security, the conversion of a convertible security, and the exercise of a warrant for the purchase of a security.

 

M.   “Review Officer” shall mean the officer or employee of ASA designated from time to time by ASA to pre-clear access person trades and to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by access persons.  The term "Alternate Review Officer" shall mean the officer or employee of ASA designated from time to time by ASA to pre-clear Review Officer trades and to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by the Review Officer, and who shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the Review Officer.

 

N.    “Security” means any stock, bond, future, investment contract or any other instrument that is considered a “security” under the Advisers Act.  The term “security” is very broad and includes items you might not ordinarily think of as securities, such as: 1) options on securities, on indexes, and on currencies, 2) all kinds of limited partnerships, 3) foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds, and 4) private investment funds, hedge funds, and investment clubs and ETF’s.

 

“Security” does not include: 1) direct obligations of the U.S. government (e.g., treasury securities), 2) bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, and high quality short-term debt obligations, (any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and which is rated in one of the highest two rating categories by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization, or which is unrated but is of comparable quality), 3) shares issued by money market funds, 4) shares of open-end mutual funds that are not sub-advised by ASA, and 5) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are funds sub-advised by ASA.

 

 

    V.            CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

ASA has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interests of its clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by trying to avoid any actual and/or possible conflicts of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any actual and/or possible conflict that does arise with respect to any client.

 

  1. Conflicts Among Client Interests.  Conflicts of interest may arise where ASA or its access persons have reason to favor the interests of one client over another client (e.g., larger accounts over smaller accounts, accounts compensated by performance fees over accounts not so compensated, accounts in which employees have made material personal investments, accounts of close friends or relatives of supervised persons).  This

Code specifically prohibits inappropriate favoritism of one client over another client that would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty.


 

 

  1. Competing with Client Trades  This Code prohibits access persons from using knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally, directly or indirectly, as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling such securities.

 

  1. Other Potential Conflicts Provisions:  

 

1)      Referrals/Brokerage.  All access persons shall act in the best interests of the firm’s clients regarding execution and other costs paid by clients for brokerage services. At all times strict adherence to ASA’s policies and procedures

      regarding brokerage (including allocation, best execution, soft dollars, and directed brokerage) is required.

 

2)      No Transactions with Clients.  Access persons are not permitted to knowingly sell to or purchase from a client any security or other property, except securities issued by the client.

 

3)      Gifts and Entertainment.  Access persons should not accept inappropriate gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of a material value that could influence their decision-making or make them feel beholden to a person or firm.  Similarly, access persons should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden to the firm or the access person.

 

 

 VI.            SUBSTANTIVE RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL TRADING ACTIVITIES

 

A.    Pre-clearance of Personal Securities Transactions.  All access persons must pre-clear all purchases and sales of securities on ASA’s Pre-approval List, and in Initial Public Offerings and Private Placements (includes any security that is not a publicly traded/listed security) with the Review Officer or Alternate Review Officer.

 

The ASA Pre-approval List is an actively monitored list of securities which are in the ASA model portfolio or being considered for addition to the ASA model portfolio.

 

In considering approval for Initial Public Offerings and Private Placements the Review Officer or Alternate Review Officer will take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for an advisory client and whether the opportunity is being offered to the access person by virtue of his or her position.

 

Access persons should request pre-clearance by completing, signing and submitting a Personal Securities Transaction Pre-clearance Form (Attachment A).  The Pre-Clearance Form will document the details of the proposed transaction.  The Review Officer or Alternate Review Officer will communicate to the requesting access person approval or denial of the proposed transactions, either in writing or orally.  Access persons must wait for approval before placing an order with their broker.  Pre-clearance approval will expire at the close of the trading day on which the approval is received.  If the proposed trade is not completed before pre-clearance expires, the access person is required to again obtain pre-clearance for the trade.


 

 

B.     Blackout Periods for Personal Securities Transactions.  No access person may initiate a transaction in any security until the third business day after a buy or sell program for that security has been completed or cancelled by the firm on behalf of clients.  In the event an access person makes a prohibited purchase or sale within the three-day blackout period, the access person may be required to unwind the transaction and relinquish any gain to a charity picked by ASA.

 

No access person may initiate a transaction in any security in an opposite side transaction (i.e. access person is requesting approval to buy a security when ASA clients have been selling it or when access person is requesting approval to sell a security when ASA clients have been buying it) until the seventh business day after a buy or sell program has been completed or cancelled by the firm on behalf of clients.  In the event an access person makes a prohibited purchase or sale within the seven day blackout period, the access person may be required to unwind the transaction and relinquish any gain to a charity picked by ASA.

 

C.     Special Exemptions.  The Chief Compliance Officer may grant exemptions from the personal trading restrictions in this Code upon determining that the transaction for which an exemption is requested would not result in a conflict with ASA’s clients interest, would not violate any policy embodied in this Code and that an exemption is appropriate to avoid an injustice to or hardship the access person.  Factors to be considered may include:  the size and holding period of the access person’s position in the security, the market capitalization of the issuer, the liquidity of the security, market conditions, the reason for the access person’s requested transaction, the amount and timing of client trading in the same or a related security, and other relevant factors.  Purchases and sales for which the Chief Compliance Officer has granted an exemption are subject to reporting requirements (detailed below).

 

      Any access person wishing an exemption should submit a written request to the Chief Compliance Officer setting forth the pertinent facts and reasons why the access person believes that the exemption should be granted.   The CCO shall maintain a record of exemptions granted and the reasons supporting the decision.  Access persons are cautioned that exemptions are intended to be exceptions and will not routinely be approved.

 

D.    Insider Information.  No access person shall trade, either personally or on behalf of others, on “inside information.”  While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits: 1) trading by an insider while in possession of inside information, 2) trading by a non-insider while in possession of inside information where the information was either disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated, and 3) communicating material non-public information to others.  “Insiders” include officers, directors and employees of a company, as well as “temporary insiders” who enter into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company’s affairs and as a result gain access to information solely for the company’s purpose.  Temporary insiders can include, for example, lawyers, accountants, advisers, consultants and employees of such persons. 


 

 

Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information material; i.e., information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider such information important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have substantial effect on the price of the company’s securities.  Such information would include, for example, dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems and extraordinary management developments.  Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business per se; for example, courts have found information respecting the contents of forthcoming newspaper columns to be material.  In addition, the information must be non-public i.e., not effectively communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact; e.g., an SEC filing, to show that the information

is generally public.  Material nonpublic information relates not only to issuers but also to ASA’s securities recommendations and client securities holdings, transactions and pending transactions.

 

E.     No access person shall reveal to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of ASA) any information regarding any client interests or actual or contemplated securities transactions, investment decisions or research priorities of ASA.

 

 

VII.            PERSONAL SECURITIES HOLDINGS AND TRADING REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

 

A.    Initial Holdings Report.  No later than 10 days after becoming an access person of ASA, every access person shall report to the Review Officer the following information:

 

1.      The title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), number of shares and principal amount of each security in which the access person had any beneficial ownership when the person became an access person.

 


 

2.      The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the access person as of the date the person became an access person.

 

3.      The date that the report is submitted by the access person.

 

 

B.     Quarterly Transaction Reports.  No later than 15 days after the end of each calendar quarter, every access person shall report to the Review Officer the following information:

 

1.      With respect to any transaction during the quarter in which the access person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership:

 

a)      The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each security involved.

 

b)      The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or other type of     acquisition or disposition).

 

c)      The price of the security at which the transaction was effected.

 

d)     The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which transaction was effected.

 

e)      The date that the report is submitted by the access person.

 

 

2.      With respect to any account established by the access person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the access person:

 

a)      The name of the broker, dealer or bank with which the access person established the account.

 

b)      The date the account was established.

 

c)      The date the report is submitted by the access person.

 

 

C.     Annual Holdings Report.  Annually, every access person shall report and certify to the Review Officer the following information (information must be current as of a date no more than 30 days before the report is submitted):

 

1.      The title, number of shares and principal amount of each security in which the access person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership.


 

 

2.      The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person                                                 maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access person.

 

3.      The date that the report is submitted by the access person.

 

4.      Every access person shall execute an Annual Certification of Compliance with Code

of Ethics form (Attachment B) as of the same date as the Annual Holdings Report.

 

 

D.    Excepted Securities and Funds.  Because certain types of securities do not present the

opportunity for the type of improper trading activities this Code of Ethics is designed to prevent, the following are excepted from coverage and therefore from reporting requirements:

                                     

1.      Money market fund investments.

 

2.      Direct obligations of the government of the United States (U.S. and securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government.

 

3.      Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt, instruments including repurchase agreements.

 

4.      Securities of publicly-traded, open-ended mutual funds, except those sub-advised by ASA.

 

5.      Automatic dividend reinvestment plans or other periodic payment for the purchase or sale of a security other than optional cash purchase.

 

6.      Securities issued by any state or municipal subsidiary thereof.

 

 

E.     Exceptions to Reporting Requirements.  An access person need not make a report under this Section with respect to transactions effected for, and securities held in any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control.

 

F.      Mutual Fund Transactions Certifications.  ASA opposes short-term trading (also known as market timing) in the mutual funds to which it sub-advises. 

 

Annually every access person shall report and certify to the Review Officer the following:

 


 

1)      The name of any mutual fund for which Armstrong Shaw Associates serves as a subadvisor in which the access person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership.

 

2)      Whether or not the access person has engaged in any short-term trading in any mutual fund to which Armstrong Shaw Associates subadvises.  For these purposes, short-term trading is defined as a purchase and sale within a 30-day period.  The

reinvestment of any dividends and distributions should be disregarded for this purpose.

 

G.    Responsibility to Report.  Each access person required to make a report is responsible for taking the initiative to file reports required under this Code.  Any effort by the Chief Compliance Officer to facilitate the reporting process does not change or alter that responsibility.  Reports are required even if there were no reportable holdings, transactions, accounts, or gifts.  It is the responsibility of each access person to ensure that all securities transactions are made in strict compliance with this Code and would otherwise comply with all applicable laws and regulatory requirements.

 

                                

VIII.            GIFTS  

 

Business gifts and entertainment are designed to build goodwill and sound working relationships among business partners.  However giving or accepting gifts and entertainment in connection with your job may raise questions about your impartiality and ethical values.  Each ASA employee must use good judgment to ensure accepting or offering gifts, entertainment and/or other inducements will not or be reasonably viewed as compromising their ability to make fair and objective decisions on behalf of ASA and our clients.  If question arise about ethical or questionable practices relating to gifts, entertainment or other inducements, please contact Monica Grady.

 

Reporting.  No later than 15 days after the end of each calendar quarter, every access person shall report to the Review Officer the following information with respect to any gifts received during the quarter:

 

1.      Description of the gift.

 

2.      The giver of the gift.

 

3.      The date the gift was received.

 

4.      The approximate value of the gift.

 

5.      The date the report is submitted by the access person.

 

 


 

 IX.            REVIEW OF REPORTS

 

 After the end of each calendar quarter, access person reports submitted shall be reviewed to determine whether a violation of this Code of Ethics may have occurred.  If it is determined that a violation of this Code of Ethics has or may have occurred,  it will be determined whether it is appropriate to impose sanctions or take other actions against the access person.  The determination will be made in light of all relevant facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, the nature and seriousness of the violation, the extent to which the violation reflects a willful disregard of the access person’s responsibilities under the Code and the access person’s past history of compliance or non-compliance with the Code.

 

All access person reports will be maintained in confidence, except to the extent necessary to implement and enforce the provisions of the Code or to comply with requests for information from government agencies.

 

 

    X.            PRIVACY POLICY

 

Access persons must not use or disclose any proprietary and/or confidential information that they obtain during employment with the firm, except as required by their jobs. This obligation remains even after an access person’s association with the firm ends.

 

Procedures to Implement Policy

 

1.      Access persons are not to give personal information out over the telephone or in response to an e-mail unless they have identified the person to whom they are communicating as either the client, a fiduciary representative of the client, or a party that needs the information to complete a transaction for the client, e.g., broker-dealers and custodians.

 

2.      In order to confirm the identity of the persons requesting personal information over

the telephone or by e-mail, access persons are required to ask for some personal identifying information, such as social security number or account number, before releasing nonpublic information.

 

3.      Access to client information is limited to those access persons that need access to the information either to provide services to the client or conduct firm operations.

 

4.      Client information should be returned promptly to the client’s file when no longer required by the access person to provide services to the client or conduct firm operations.

 

5.      Client information should not be left in offices or conference rooms unattended.

 

 


 

6.   Visitors are not allowed to walk unattended into our offices. All visitors should be met by the receptionist, and in his/her absence, a properly designated employee.

 

7.      Documents containing client nonpublic personal information should be destroyed or shredded prior to disposal.

8.      Any questions regarding Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.’s Privacy Policy should be directed to Monica Grady.

 

9.      Any access person who violates Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.’s Privacy Policy may be subject to disciplinary action up to, and including termination of employment.

 

 

 

 XI.            SANCTIONS   

 

            Any violation of this Code of Ethics may result in the imposition of sanctions as ASA may deem appropriate under the circumstances.  Such sanctions or other actions may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:

 

·                     requiring the access person to refrain from personal trading for a period

·                     disgorgement of any profits associated with transactions which constitute a violation of the Code, or restitution to an affected client, if applicable

·                     requiring the access person to reverse the trade(s) in question and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss derived therefrom

·                     a letter of censure

·                     a monetary fine levied at the access person

·                     suspension of the employment of the access person

·                     termination of the employment of the access person

·                     civil referral to the SEC or other civil regulatory authority, if appropriate under the circumstances

·                     criminal referral, if appropriate under the circumstances

 

The Review Officer and the Alternate Review Officer shall have the authority to determine the sanction or other action, if any, to be imposed for any violation of the Code, including appropriate disposition of any monies forfeited pursuant to this provision.  Prior to imposing sanctions or taking other actions against the access person, the Review Officer or the Alternate Review Officer shall provide the access person with an opportunity to present information bearing on these matters.

 

Failure to comply with any sanctions, including the failure to abide by a directive to reverse a trade or refrain from further trading, may result in the imposition of additional sanctions.  Unless, in the opinion of the Review Officer and the Alternate Review Officer, there are extenuating circumstances, a repeat violation of the Code and any violation involving deception, dishonesty or a willful failure to comply, will result in one or more of the most severe sanctions, including the imposition of a monetary fine and/or the suspension or termination of employment.


 

 

If the access person committing the violation is the Review Officer or the Alternate Review Officer, then the other Officer shall make a determination with respect to sanctions or actions described above.

 

 

 

XII.            RECORDS 

 

Armstrong Shaw Associates shall maintain and preserve in an easily accessible place:

  

1.        A copy of this Code and any other Code that is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect. 

 

2.      A record of any violation of this Code, and of any action taken as a result of such violation, for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred.

 

3.      A copy of each report made by an access person pursuant to the Code shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made.

 

4.      A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code.

 

5.   A record of each decision and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by access persons of initial public offerings and private placements shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval was granted.

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Attachment A

 

 

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

45 Grove Street • New Canaan, Connecticut   06840

 

                                                 

 

PERSONAL SECURITY TRANSACTION PRE-CLEARANCE FORM*

 

 

Employee Name: ___________________________________________

 

Date: __________________________

 

 

Type of security:  _____Stock  _____Bond _____ Option _____ Other ______  (specify)

 

Name of security: _________________________________________

 

Symbol or Cusip: _________________________________________

 

Type of transaction: ______ Buy ______ Sell ______ Other (explain) ________________

 

Number of shares/face value:  ________________________

 

Estimated Principal Amount of trade: __________________

 

Brokerage firm to handle trade:

 

______________________________________________________

 

Is the proposed trade part of an Initial Public Offering or Private Placement?  __________

 

================================================================

Compliance Review

 

Approved by: _____________________________

 

Date Approved**: _________________________

 

* Pre-clearance is not required for certain transactions including those for money market instruments and funds, US Government securities, and open-ended mutual funds not sub-advised by ASA.  Please see the Code of Ethics for a more complete list.

 

** Pre-clearance approval will expire at the close of the trading day on which the approval is received.


 

Attachment B

 

 

Armstrong Shaw Associates Inc.

45 Grove Street • New Canaan, Connecticut   06840

Phone: (203) 972-9600                Fax: (203) 972-9630

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH CODE OF ETHICS

 

By signing below I certify the following:

 

1.      I have read and understand the Armstrong Shaw Associates Code of Ethics.

 

2.      I am subject to the provision of the Code of Ethics.                        

 

3.      I have complied with all of the requirements of the Code of Ethics to which I am     subject during the year ended December 31, ___________.

 

4.      I have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions, holdings, brokerage accounts and gifts  required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code of Ethics for the year ended December 31, ___________.

 

5.      I understand that any violation of the Code of Ethics may lead to serious disciplinary action up to, and including, termination of employment.

 

 

 

                                                                           _______________________  Signature 

                                                                         

_______________________

                                                                                                Name (printed)           

                                                                                                 

_______________________

                                                                                                Date               

EX-99.P CODE ETH 11 lazardcoe.txt LAZARD CODE OF ETHICS February 2006 CODE OF ETHICS AND PERSONAL INVESTMENT POLICY For Lazard Asset Management LLC Lazard Asset Management Securities LLC Lazard Asset Management (Canada) Inc. Lazard Alternatives LLC And Certain Registered Investment Companies Lazard Asset Management LLC, Lazard Asset Management Securities LLC, Lazard Asset Management (Canada) Inc., Lazard Alternatives LLC (collectively "LAM"), and those U.S.-registered investment companies advised or managed by LAM that have adopted this policy ("Funds"), have adopted this policy in order to accomplish two primary goals: first, to minimize conflicts and potential conflicts of interest between LAM employees and LAM's clients (including the Funds and shareholders of the Funds), and between Fund directors or trustees ("Directors") and their Funds, and second, to provide policies and procedures consistent with applicable law, including Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act") and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"), to prevent fraudulent or manipulative practices with respect to purchases or sales of securities held or to be acquired by client accounts. In addition, it is LAM's policy that LAM employees should not be engaging in short-term investing, including so-called market timing of any mutual funds, whether or not managed by LAM. This Policy therefore prohibits certain short-term trading activity by LAM employees. All employees of LAM, including employees who serve as Fund officers or directors, are "Covered Persons" under this policy and are required to comply with all applicable federal securities laws. Additionally, all Directors are subject to this policy as indicated below. A. Statement of Principles. All Covered Persons owe a fiduciary duty to LAM's clients when conducting their personal investment transactions. Covered Persons must place the interest of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All Directors owe a fiduciary duty to each Fund of which they are a director and to that Fund's shareholders when conducting their personal investment transactions. At all times and in all matters Directors shall place the interests of their Funds before their personal interests. The fundamental standard to be followed in personal securities transactions is that Covered Persons and Directors may not take inappropriate advantage of their positions. Covered Persons are reminded that they also are subject to other policies of LAM, including policies on insider trading, and the receipt of gifts and service as a director of a publicly traded company. Covered Persons must never trade in a security while in possession of material, non-public information about the issuer or the market for those securities, even if the Covered Person has satisfied all other requirements of this policy. LAM's Chief Executive Officer has appointed the Chief Compliance Officer as the person who shall be responsible for the implementation of this Code of Ethics and Personal Investment Policy and all record-keeping functions mandated hereunder, including the review of all initial and annual holding reports as well as the quarterly transactions reports described below. The Chief Compliance Officer may delegate this function to others in the Legal / Compliance Department, and shall promptly report to LAM's General Counsel or the Chief Executive Officer all material violations of, or deviations from, this policy. B. Personal Securities Accounts. For purposes of this Policy, "Personal Securities Accounts" include: 1. Any account in or through which securities (including open end mutual funds) can be purchased or sold, which includes, but is not limited to, a brokerage account, 401k account, or variable annuity or variable life insurance policy; 2. Accounts in the Covered Person's or Director's name or accounts in which the Covered Person or Director has a direct or indirect beneficial interest (a definition of Beneficial Ownership is included in Exhibit A); 3. Accounts in the name of the Covered Person's or Director's spouse; 4. Accounts in the name of children under the age of 18, whether or not living with the Covered Person or Director, and accounts in the name of relatives or other individuals living with the Covered Person or Director or for whose support the Covered Person or Director is wholly or partially responsible (together with the Covered Person's or Director's spouse and minor children, "Related Persons"); (1) 5. Accounts in which the Covered Person or Director or any Related Person directly or indirectly controls, participates in, or has the right to control or participate in, investment decisions. For purposes of this Policy, Personal Securities Accounts do not include: 1. Estate or trust accounts in which a Covered Person, Director, or Related Person has a beneficial interest, but no power to affect investment decisions. There must be no communication between the account(s) and the Covered Person, Director or Related Person with regard to investment decisions prior to execution; 2. Fully discretionary accounts managed by LAM or another registered investment adviser are permitted if, (i) for Covered Persons and Related Persons, the Covered Persons receives permission from the Legal / Compliance Department, and (ii) for all persons covered by this Code, there is no communication between the adviser to the account and such person with regard to investment decisions prior to execution. Covered Persons with managed accounts must designate that copies of trade confirmations and monthly statements be sent to the Legal / Compliance Department; 3. Direct investment programs, which allow the purchase of securities directly from the issuer without the intermediation of a broker/dealer, provided that the timing and size of the purchases are established by a pre-arranged, regularized schedule (e.g., dividend reinvestment plans). Covered Persons must pre-clear the transaction at the time that the dividend reinvestment plan is being set up. Covered Persons also must provide documentation of these arrangements and direct periodic (monthly or quarterly) statements to the Legal / Compliance Department; 4. 401k and similar retirement accounts that permit the participant to change their investments no more frequently than once per quarter. Such accounts that allow participants to trade more frequently (such as, for example, an "Individually Directed Account"), are Personal Securities Accounts for purposes of this Code. 5. Other accounts over which the Covered Person or Director has no direct or indirect influence or control; 6. Qualified state tuition programs (also known as "529 Programs") where investment options and frequency of transactions are limited by state or federal laws. C. Opening and Maintaining Employee Accounts. All Covered Persons and their Related Persons must maintain their Personal Securities Accounts at Lazard Capital Markets LLC ("LCM"). If your account is a mutual fund only account, you do not need to maintain it at LCM. Additionally, if LCM does not offer a particular investment product or service, or for Related Persons who, by reason of their employment, are required to conduct their securities transactions in a manner inconsistent with this policy, or in other exceptional circumstances, Covered Persons may submit a request for exemption to the Legal / Compliance Department. For any Personal Securities Account not maintained at LCM Covered Persons and their Related Persons must arrange to have duplicate copies of trade confirmations and statements provided to the Legal and Compliance Department at the following address: Lazard Asset Management LLC, Attn: Chief Compliance Officer, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 59th Floor, New York, NY 10112. All other provisions of this policy will continue to apply to any Personal Securities Account not maintained at LCM. D. Securities. For purposes of this Policy, "Security" includes, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a security including the following: 1. stocks 2. bonds 3. shares of open and closed-end funds (including exchange-traded funds) and unit investment trusts 4. hedge funds 5. private equity funds 6. limited partnerships 7. private placements or unlisted securities 8. debentures, and other evidences of indebtedness, including senior debt, subordinated debt 9. investment, commodity or futures contracts 10. all derivative instruments such as options, warrants and indexed instruments "Security" also includes securities that are "related" to a security being purchased or sold by a LAM client. A "related security" is one whose value is derived from the value of another security (e.g., a warrant, option, or an indexed instrument). For purposes of this Policy, Security does not include: 1. money market mutual funds 2. U.S. Treasury obligations 3. mortgage pass-throughs (e.g., Ginnie Maes) that are direct obligations of the U.S. government 4. bankers' acceptances 5. bank certificates of deposit 6. commercial paper 7. high quality short-term debt instruments (meaning any instrument that has a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, such as S&P or Moody's), including repurchase agreements. E. Restrictions. The following restrictions apply to trading for Personal Securities Accounts of Covered Persons and Related Persons: 1. Conflicts with Client Activity. No security, excluding open end mutual funds, may be purchased or sold in any Personal Securities Account seven (7) calendar days before or after a LAM client account trades in the same security. 2. 60 Day Holding Period. Securities transactions, including transactions in mutual funds other than money-market mutual funds, must be for investment purposes rather than for speculation. Consequently, Covered Persons or their Related Persons may not profit from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same or equivalent securities within sixty (60) calendar days (i.e., the security may be purchased or sold on the 61st day), calculated on a First In, First Out (FIFO) basis. All profits from short-term trades are subject to disgorgement. However, with the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer, or in his absence another senior member of the Legal / Compliance Department, and only in the case of hardship, or other rare and/or unusual circumstances, a Covered Person or a Related Person may execute a short-term trade that results in a loss or in break-even status. Notwithstanding the above, the 60-day holding period will not apply (although the obligation to pre-clear trades will apply) to shares of exchange traded funds, options on exchange traded funds and open-end mutual funds that seek to track the performance of U.S. broad-based large-capitalization indices (i.e., the QQQ or an S&P 500 Index fund). Nevertheless, short-term trading in shares of these funds is discouraged. If a pattern of frequent trading is detected, the Legal / Compliance Department may reject any order to buy or sell these shares. 3. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). No transaction for a Personal Securities Account may be made in securities offered pursuant to an initial public offering. 4. Private Placements. Securities offered pursuant to a private placement (e.g., hedge funds, private equity funds or any other pooled investment vehicle the interests or shares of which are offered in a private placement) may not be purchased or sold by a Covered Person without the prior approval of LAM's Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Compliance Officer; however, purchases or sales of Lazard sponsored hedge funds do not require such approval. The Alternative Investments Operations Department instead provides the Legal / Compliance Department on at least a quarterly basis with a report for their review of all Covered Persons' investments in Lazard sponsored hedge funds. In connection with any decision to approve such a private placement, the Legal / Compliance Department will prepare a report of the decision that explains the reasoning for the decision and an analysis of any potential conflict of interest. Any Covered Person receiving approval to acquire securities in a private placement must disclose that investment when the Covered Person participates in a LAM client's subsequent consideration of an investment in such issuer and any decision by or made on behalf of the LAM client to invest in such issuer will be subject to an independent review by investment personnel of LAM with no personal interest in the issuer. 5. Hedge Funds. Hedge funds are sold on a private placement basis and as noted above, with the exception of Lazard sponsored hedge funds, are subject to prior approval by LAM's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Compliance Officer. In considering whether or not to approve an investment in a hedge fund, the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee, will review a copy of the fund's offering memorandum, subscription documents and other governing documents ("Offering Documents") in order to ensure that the proposed investment is being made on the same terms generally available to all other investors in the hedge fund. The Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to this general rule under certain circumstances. For example, such as when a family relationship exists between the Covered Person and the hedge fund manager. Upon receipt of a request by a Covered Person to invest in a hedge fund, the Legal / Compliance Department will contact the Fund of Funds Group (the "Team") and identify the fund in which the Covered Person has requested permission to invest. The Team will advise the Legal / Compliance Department if the fund is on the Team's approved list or if the Team is otherwise interested in investing clients assets in the fund. If the fund is not on the Team's approved list and the Team is not interested in investing in the fund, the Chief Compliance Officer and the Chief Executive Officer will generally approve the Covered Person's investment, unless other considerations warrant disapproving the investment. If the fund is on the approved list or the Team may be interested in investing in the fund, then the Legal / Compliance Department will determine whether the fund is subject to capacity constraints. If the fund is subject to capacity constraints, then the Covered Person's request will be denied and priority will be given to the Team to invest client assets in the fund. If the fund is not subject to capacity constraints, then the Covered Person will generally be permitted to invest along with the Team. If the fund is on the approved list or the Team may be interested in investing in the fund, then the Covered Person's investment must be made generally on the same terms available to all investors as set forth in the fund's Offering Documents. 6. Speculative Trading. Absent approval from the appropriate compliance personnel, Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in the trading of options or futures and from engaging in speculative trading, as opposed to investment activity. The Covered Person must wait 60 days from the date of the opening transaction before effecting the closing transaction. 7. Short Sales. Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in short sales of any security. However, provided the investment is otherwise permitted under this Policy and has received all necessary approvals, an investment in a hedge fund that engages in short selling is permitted. 8. Inside Information. No transaction may be made in violation of the Material Non-Public Information Policies and Procedures ("Inside Information") as outlined in Section 32 of the LAM Compliance Manual; and 9. Directorships. Covered Persons may not serve on the board of directors of any corporation (other than a not-for-profit corporation or a related Lazard entity) without the prior approval of LAM's Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. 10. Control of Issuer. Covered Persons and Related Persons may not acquire any security, directly or indirectly, for purposes of obtaining control of the issuer. F. Prohibited Recommendations. No Covered Person shall recommend or execute any securities transaction for any client account, or, in the case of a Director, for the Director's Fund, without having disclosed, in writing, to the Chief Compliance Officer, or in his absence another senior member of the Legal / Compliance Department, any direct or indirect interest in such securities or issuers (including any such interest held by a Related Person). Prior written approval of such recommendation or execution also must be received from the Chief Compliance Officer, or in his absence another senior member of the Legal / Compliance Department. The interest in personal accounts could be in the form of: 1. Any direct or indirect beneficial ownership of any securities of such issuer; 2. Any contemplated transaction by the person in such securities; 3. Any position with such issuer or its affiliates; or 4. Any present or proposed business relationship between such issuer or its affiliates and the person or any party in which such person has a significant interest. G. Transaction Approval Procedures. All transactions by Covered Persons (including Related Persons) in Personal Securities Accounts must receive prior approval as described below. To pre-clear a transaction, Covered Persons must: 1. Electronically complete and "sign" a "New Equity Order", "New Bond Order" or "New Mutual Fund Order" trade ticket located in the Firm's Lotus-Notes e-mail application under the heading "Employee Trades." 2. The ticket is then automatically transmitted to the Legal / Compliance Department where it will be processed. If approved, the Legal / Compliance Department will route mutual fund orders directly to Securities Processing and will route equity and bond orders directly to the trading desk for execution, provided the employee selected the "Direct Execution" option when completing the equity or bond order ticket. For any account not maintained at LCM, the ticket will be returned to the employee. Note: In completing an equity or bond order ticket, if the employee does not select the "Direct Execution" button, the ticket will be returned to her/him after Compliance approval for submission to the trading desk, or in the case of an account not maintained at LCM, to the Legal / Compliance Department to indicate that the trade will be executed. In such case, the trade must be submitted within 2 business days or it will expire and be null and void. The Legal / Compliance Department endeavors to preclear transactions promptly; however, transactions may not always be approved on the day in which they are received. Certain factors such as time of day the order is submitted or length of time it takes a LAM portfolio manager to confirm there is no client activity, all play a role in the length of time it takes to preclear a transaction. Mutual Fund Orders that are not received by the Legal / Compliance Department by 2:00 p.m. on any business day will most likely not be processed until the next business day (i.e., the order will not receive that business days' net asset value for the relevant mutual fund). H. Acknowledgment and Reporting. 1. Initial Certification. Within 10 days of becoming a Covered Person or Director, such Covered Person or Director must submit to the Legal / Compliance Department an acknowledgement that they have received a copy of this policy, and that they have read and understood its provisions. See Exhibit B for the form of Acknowledgement. 2. Initial Holdings Report. Within 10 days of becoming a Covered Person, all LAM personnel must submit to the Legal / Compliance Department a statement of all securities in which such Covered Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. This statement must include (i) the title, number of shares and principal amount of each security, (ii) the name of any broker, dealer, insurance company, mutual fund or bank with whom the Covered Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of such Covered Person and (iii) the date of submission by the Covered Person. The information provided in this statement must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the Covered Person's date of employment at LAM. Such information should be provided on the form attached as Exhibit B. 3. Quarterly Report. Within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, provide information to the Legal / Compliance Department relating to securities transactions executed during the previous quarter for all securities accounts. Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which the report relates. Note: Covered Persons satisfy this requirement by holding their personal securities accounts at LCM. 4. Annual Report. Each Covered Person shall submit an annual report to the Legal / Compliance Department showing as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted (1) all holdings in securities in which the person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and (2) the name of any broker, dealer, insurance company, mutual fund or bank with whom the person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person or Related Persons. Note: Covered Persons satisfy this requirement by certifying annually that all transactions during the year were executed in Internal Accounts or Outside Accounts for which the Legal and Compliance Department receives confirmations and periodic statements. 5. Annual Certification. All Covered Persons and Directors are required to certify annually that they have (i) read and understand this policy and recognize that they are subject to its terms and conditions, (ii) complied with the requirements of this policy and (iii) disclosed or reported all personal securities accounts and transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to this Code of Ethics and Personal Investment Policy. I. Fund Directors. A Director who is not an "interested person" of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, and who would be required to make reports solely by reason of being a Director, is required to make the quarterly transactions reports required by Section H (3.) as to any security if at the time of a transaction by the Director in that security, he/she knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his/her official duties as a Fund Director, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately preceding or following the date of that transaction, that security was purchased or sold by that Director's Fund or was being considered for purchase or sale by that Director's Fund. If a Director introduces a hedge fund to the Team, as previously defined in Section E (5.), the Director is required to inform the Team whether the Director or an affiliated person of the Director has invested in the fund and the terms of such investment. If a Director decides to invest in a hedge fund that he knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his responsibilities as a Director should have known that the hedge fund is held by or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Team, the Director is required, before making the investment, to disclose this to the Team and any different terms or rights that have been granted to the Director. If a Director learns, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his responsibilities as a Director, that the Team has invested in a fund in which the Director has an investment, the Director should advise the Chief Compliance Officer of such investment. J. Exemptions. 1. Purchases or sales of securities which receive the prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer, or in his absence another senior member of the Legal / Compliance Department, may be exempted from certain restrictions if such purchases or sales are determined to be unlikely to have any material negative economic impact on any client account managed or advised by LAM. 2. Section E (1.) (blackout period) shall not apply to any securities transaction, or series of related transactions, involving up to 500 shares of a security, but not to exceed an aggregate transaction amount of $25,000 of any security, provided the issuer has a market capitalization greater than US $5 billion ("Large Cap/De Minimus exemption"). This exemption does not apply to shares of mutual funds or to option contracts on indices or other types of securities whose value is derived from a broad-based index. K. Sanctions. The Legal / Compliance Department shall report all material violations of this Code of Ethics and Personal Investment Policy to LAM's Chief Executive Officer, who may impose such sanctions as deemed appropriate, including, among other things, a letter of censure, fine or suspension or termination of the employment of the violator. L. Confidentiality. All information obtained from any person pursuant to this policy shall be kept in strict confidence, except that such information will be made available to the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization or to the Fund Boards of Directors to the extent required by law, regulation or this policy. M. Retention of Records. All records relating to personal securities transactions hereunder and other records meeting the requirements of applicable law, including a copy of this policy and any other policies covering the subject matter hereof, shall be maintained in the manner and to the extent required by applicable law, including Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Legal / Compliance Department shall have the responsibility for maintaining records created under this policy. N. Board Review. Fund management shall provide to the Board of Directors of each Fund, on a quarterly basis, a written report of all material violations of this policy, and at least annually, a written report and certification meeting the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. O. Other Codes of Ethics. To the extent that any officer of any Fund is not a Covered Person hereunder, or an investment subadviser of or principal underwriter for any Fund and their respective access persons (as defined in Rule 17j-1) are not Covered Persons hereunder, those persons must be covered by separate codes of ethics which are approved in accordance with applicable law. P. Amendments. 1. Covered Persons. Unless otherwise noted herein, this policy shall become effective as to all Covered Persons on April 1, 2005. This policy may be amended as to Covered Persons from time to time by the Legal / Compliance Department. Any material amendment of this policy shall be submitted to the Board of Directors of each Fund for approval in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. 2. Fund Directors. This policy shall become effective as to a Fund upon the approval and adoption of this policy by the Board of Directors of that Fund in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act or at such earlier date as determined by the Secretary of the Fund. Any material amendment of this policy that applies to the Directors of a Fund shall become effective as to the Directors of that Fund only when the Board of Directors of that Fund has approved the amendment in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act or at such earlier date as determined by the Secretary of the Fund. Exhibit A EXPLANATION OF BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP You are considered to have "Beneficial Ownership" of Securities if you have or share a direct or indirect "Pecuniary Interest" in the Securities. You have a "Pecuniary Interest" in Securities if you have the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the Securities. The following are examples of an indirect Pecuniary Interest in Securities: 1. Securities held by members of your immediate family sharing the same household; however, this presumption may be rebutted by convincing evidence that profits derived from transactions in these Securities will not provide you with any economic benefit. "Immediate family" means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, and includes any adoptive relationship. 2. Your interest as a general partner in Securities held by a general or limited partnership. 3. Your interest as a manager-member in the Securities held by a limited liability company. You do not have an indirect Pecuniary Interest in Securities held by a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity in which you hold an equity interest, unless you are a controlling equityholder or you have or share investment control over the Securities held by the entity. The following circumstances constitute Beneficial Ownership by you of Securities held by a trust: 1. Your ownership of Securities as a trustee where either you or members of your immediate family have a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust. 2. Your ownership of a vested interest in a trust. 3. Your status as a settlor of a trust, unless the consent of all of the beneficiaries is required in order for you to revoke the trust. The foregoing is a summary of the meaning of "beneficial ownership". For purposes of the attached policy, "beneficial ownership" shall be interpreted in the same manner, as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder. Exhibit B LAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT & INITIAL HOLDINGS REPORT Pursuant to Code of Ethics and Personal Investment Policy (the "Policy") This report must be completed and returned to the Legal / Compliance Department within 10 days of employment. Name: ________________________________ Date of Employment: _______________ (Please print) Account Information: |_| I do not have a beneficial interest in any account(s) with any financial services firm. |_| I maintain the following account(s). Please list any broker, dealer, insurance company, mutual fund or bank, which holds securities for your direct or indirect benefit as of the date of your employment. This includes 401k accounts, insurance company variable insurance contracts, mutual fund-only accounts.* ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ Type of Account (Brokerage, Mutual Fund, Variable Annuity, 401k.) Is this a Account Number Managed Name of Financial Services Firm Name on Account Account? ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- ------------ *401k accounts and similar retirement accounts that permit the participant to change their investments no more frequently than once per quarter need not be reported. Securities Holdings Information: For each of the accounts listed above, attach to this report a copy of your most recent statements(s) listing all of your securities holdings. All statements must be current as of a date no more than 45 prior to your date of employment at LAM. In addition, please list in the space provided below holdings in hedge funds, private equity funds, limited partnerships or any other type of security that may not be held in an account listed above. ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- Description of Security Type of Security No. of Shares Principal Amount Invested ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ----------------------------------
|_| I have no securities holdings to report. I certify that I have received a copy of the Policy, and that I have read and understood its provisions. I further certify that this report represents a complete and accurate description of my account(s) and securities holdings as of my initial date of employment. The information provided is current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to my employment at LAM. Signature: ____________________________________ Date: ___________________ (1) Unless otherwise indicated, all provisions of this Code apply to Related Persons.
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