NOTE 12FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

(a) Fair Value Hierarchy

Under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value measurements are characterized in one of three levels based upon the inputs used to arrive at the measurement. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors including credit considerations. Such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used.

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accounts payable to affiliates and accrued interest approximate their fair values because of the short maturity or duration of these instruments, or because the instruments bear a variable rate of interest or a rate that approximates current rates. The fair value of the Partnership’s debt is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated current borrowing rates. The fair value of interest rate derivatives is calculated using the income approach, which uses period-end market rates and applies a discounted cash flow valuation model.

Long-term debt is recorded at amortized cost and classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for fair value disclosure purposes. Interest rate derivative assets and liabilities are classified in Level 2 for all periods presented where the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques that refer to observable market data or estimated market prices. The estimated fair value of the Partnership’s debt as at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $1,991 million and $1,873 million, respectively.

The ATM common units which may be subject to rescission rights, as discussed more fully in Note 7, were measured using the original issuance price, plus statutory interest and less any distributions paid. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 2.

Market risk is the risk that changes in market interest rates may result in fluctuations in the fair values or cash flows of financial instruments. The Partnership’s floating rate debt is subject to LIBOR benchmark interest rate risk. The Partnership uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to interest rate risk. We regularly assess the impact of interest rate fluctuations on future cash flows and evaluate hedging opportunities to mitigate our interest rate risk.

The interest rate swaps are structured such that the cash flows of the derivative instruments match those of the variable rate of interest on the 2013 Term Loan Facility. The Partnership hedged interest payments on the variable-rate 2013 Term Loan Facility with interest rate swaps maturing July 1, 2018, at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 2.31 percent. At September 30, 2016, the fair value of the interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges was a liability of $2 million (both on a gross and net basis) (December 31, 2015 - $1 million). The Partnership did not record any amounts in net income related to ineffectiveness for interest rate hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The change in fair value of interest rate derivative instruments recognized in other comprehensive income was a gain of $2 million and a loss of $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively (2015 — loss of $1 million and a loss of $2 million). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the net realized loss related to the interest rate swaps was $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and was included in financial charges and other (2015 — $1 million and $2 million). Refer to Note 14 — Financial Charges and Other.

The Partnership has no master netting agreements; however, it has derivative contracts containing provisions with rights of offset. The Partnership has elected to present the fair value of derivative instruments with the right to offset on a gross basis in the balance sheet. Had the Partnership elected to present these instruments on a net basis, there would be no effect on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

As discussed more fully in Note 16, during the second quarter of 2016, we performed a discounted cash flow analysis to assess, for possible impairment, the $82 million of goodwill related to our acquisition of Tuscarora. The estimated fair value measurement is classified as Level 3. In the determination of the fair value, we used internal forecasts for expected future cash flows and applied appropriate discount rates. The determination of expected future cash flows involved significant assumptions and estimates regarding revenue, operating and maintenance costs and future growth capital.