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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value at March 31, 2020 are classified in the categories described in the table below (in millions):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Recurring fair value measurements
ASSETS:
Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	5,944	$	—	$	—	$	5,944
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	26		—		—		26
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt securities	—		164		—		164
Trip.com Group convertible debt securities	—		248		—		248
Trip.com Group equity securities	414		—		—		414
Long-term investments:
Investments in private companies:
Debt securities	—		—		230		230
Other long-term investments:
Trip.com Group convertible debt securities	—		448		—		448
Equity securities	977		—		—		977
Derivatives:
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	—		12		—		12
Total assets at fair value	$	7,361	$	872	$	230	$	8,463

LIABILITIES:
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	21

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Investment in Didi Chuxing	$	—	$	—	$	400	$	400
Goodwill of the OpenTable and KAYAK reporting unit	—		—		1,545		1,545
Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	1,945	$	1,945

Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value at December 31, 2019 are classified in the categories described in the table below (in millions):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Recurring fair value measurements
ASSETS:
Cash and restricted cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	5,734	$	—	$	—	$	5,734
Corporate debt securities	—		2		—		2
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	29		—		—		29
Short-term investments:
International government securities	—		109		—		109
U.S. government securities	—		138		—		138
Corporate debt securities	—		751		—		751
Long-term investments:
Investments in private companies:
Debt securities	—		—		250		250
Other long-term investments:
International government securities	—		68		—		68
U.S. government securities	—		135		—		135
Corporate debt securities	—		963		—		963
Trip.com Group convertible debt securities	—		767		—		767
Equity securities	1,793		—		—		1,793
Derivatives:
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	—		12		—		12
Total assets at fair value	$	7,556	$	2,945	$	250	$	10,751

LIABILITIES:
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	5

There are three levels of inputs to measure fair value. The definition of each input is described below:


Level 1:	Quoted prices in active markets that are accessible by the Company at the measurement date for

identical assets and liabilities.


Level 2:	Inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. Such prices may be based upon quoted

prices for identical or comparable securities in active markets or inputs not quoted on active

markets, but corroborated by market data.


Level 3:	Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

Rollforward of Level 3 Fair Value Measurements



	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Debt securities (in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	250
Total losses for the period:
Total unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss ⁽¹⁾	(20		)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	230


(1)	These losses are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Investments

See Note 5 for further information related to the Company's investments.

The valuation of investments in corporate debt securities, U.S. and international government securities and Trip.com Group convertible debt securities are considered "Level 2" valuations because the Company has access to quoted prices, but does not have visibility into the volume and frequency of trading for these investments. A market approach is used for recurring fair value measurements and the valuation techniques use inputs that are observable, or can be corroborated by observable data, in an active marketplace.

Investments in private companies measured using Level 3 inputs

The Company’s investments measured using Level 3 inputs primarily consist of preferred stock investments in privately-held companies that are classified as either debt securities or equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Fair values of privately held securities are estimated using a variety of valuation methodologies, including both market and income approaches. The Company has used valuation techniques appropriate for the type of investment and the information available about the investee as of the valuation date to determine fair value. Recent financing transactions in the investee, such as new investments in preferred stock, are generally considered the best indication of the enterprise value and therefore used as a basis to estimate fair value. However, based on a number of factors, such as the proximity in timing to the valuation date or the volume or other terms of these financing transactions, the Company may also use other valuation techniques to supplement this data, including the income approach. In addition, an option-pricing model (“OPM”) is utilized to allocate value to the various classes of securities of the investee, including the class owned by the Company. The model includes assumptions around the investees’ expected time to liquidity and volatility.

At March 31, 2020, the fair values of the Company's investments in Didi and Grab, measured using Level 3 inputs, were $400 million and $180 million, respectively. As discussed below, the Company used unobservable inputs in order to determine fair value. The Company used an income approach in estimating the fair value of Didi and a relative weighting of 75% income approach and 25% recent financing transactions in estimating the fair value of Grab. The income approach estimates value based on the expectation of future cash flows that a company will generate. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a discount rate based on a company’s weighted-average cost of capital, and is adjusted to reflect the risks inherent in its cash flows. The key unobservable inputs and ranges used for these investments include the weighted average cost of capital (12%-14%), terminal Earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) Multiple (13x-15x), volatility (60%-70%) and an estimated time to liquidity of 4 years. Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly different fair value measurements. Generally, a change in the assumption used for terminal EBITDA multiples would result in a directionally similar change in the fair value and a change in the assumption used for weighted average cost of capital or volatility would result in a directionally opposite change in the fair value.

The determination of the fair values of investments, where the Company is a minority shareholder and has access to limited information from the investee, reflects numerous assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including key assumptions regarding the investee’s expected growth rates and operating margin, expected length and severity of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and the shape and timing of the subsequent recovery, as well as other key assumptions with respect to matters outside of the Company's control, such as discount rates and market comparables. It requires significant judgments and estimates and actual results could be materially different than those judgments and estimates utilized in the fair value estimate. Future events and changing market conditions may lead the Company to re-evaluate the

assumptions reflected in the valuation, particularly the assumptions related to the length and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shape and timing of the subsequent recovery and the overall impact on the investee’s business, which may result in a need to recognize an additional impairment charge that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations.

Derivatives

The Company's derivative instruments are valued using pricing models. Pricing models take into account the contract terms as well as multiple inputs where applicable, such as interest rate yield curves, option volatility and foreign currency exchange rates. The valuation of derivatives are considered "Level 2" fair value measurements. The Company's derivative instruments are typically short-term in nature.

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The Company mitigates these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts to hedge translation risks from short-term foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for the Euro, British Pound Sterling and certain other currencies versus the U.S. Dollar. The Company also enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its exposure to the impact of movements in foreign currency exchange rates on its transactional balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company reports the fair values of its derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net" and "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities," respectively. Unless designated as hedges for accounting purposes, gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments are recognized in "Foreign currency transactions and other" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that the changes occur and cash flow impacts, if any, are classified within "Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not designate any derivatives as hedges for accounting purposes.

The table below provides fair values and notional amounts of foreign currency exchange derivatives outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in millions). The notional amount of a foreign currency forward contract is the contracted amount of foreign currency to be exchanged and is not recorded in the balance sheets.



	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Fair value of derivative assets	$	12	$	12
Fair value of derivative liabilities	21		5

Notional amount:
Foreign currency purchases	1,441		1,770
Foreign currency sales	950		901

The effect of foreign currency exchange derivatives recorded in "Foreign currency transactions and other" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in millions):



	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Losses on foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	23	$	13

Other Financial Assets and Liabilities

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company's cash consisted of bank deposits. Other financial assets and liabilities, including restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred merchant bookings, are carried at cost which approximates their fair values because of the short-term nature of these items. Accounts receivable and other financial assets measured at amortized cost are carried at cost less an allowance for expected credit losses to present the net amount expected to be collected (see Note 7). See Note 9 for the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding senior

notes and Note 5 for information related to an embedded derivative associated with the $25 million Trip.com Group convertible notes issued in 2016.

Goodwill

See Note 8 for nonrecurring fair value measurements related to the goodwill impairment test.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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