6-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of May 2023

Commission File Number: 001-31819

Gold Reserve Inc.
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

999 W. Riverside Avenue, Suite 401
Spokane, Washington 99201
(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F. Form 20-F x Form 40-F ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ¨

1 

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS FORM 6-K REPORT

On May 17, 2023, Gold Reserve Inc. (the “Company”) filed its Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, Management’s Discussion and Analysis and related management certifications with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. Copies of these documents are furnished as Exhibits to this Report on Form 6-K.

This Report on Form 6-K and the exhibits attached hereto are hereby incorporated by reference into the Company’s effective registration statements (including any prospectuses forming a part of such registration statements) on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is filed, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The information presented or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements of historical fact, are, or could be, “forward-looking statements” (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) or “forward-looking information” (within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial and territorial securities laws) (collectively referred to herein as “forward-looking statements”) that may state the Company’s and its management’s intentions, hopes, beliefs, expectations or predictions for the future.

Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of estimates, expectations, and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company and its management at this time, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. The Company cautions that such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other risks that may cause the actual outcomes, financial results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied therein, many of which are outside its control. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and any such forward-looking statements are not intended to provide any assurances as to future results. The Company believes its estimates, expectations and assumptions are reasonable, but there can be no assurance those reflected herein will be achieved. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, including those set out herein, that may never materialize, prove incorrect or materialize other than as currently contemplated which could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan,” “may,” “could” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Any such forward-looking statements are not intended to provide any assurances as to future results.

2 

Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, any of which could adversely affect the Company, including, without limitation: (i) risks associated with the timing and ability to appeal, contest, reverse or otherwise alter the resolution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights held by our joint venture entity Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (“Siembra Minera”) for alleged non-compliance with certain Venezuelan mining regulations (the “Resolution”), with various Venezuelan authorities, including the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice; (ii) Venezuela’s failure to honor its commitments under the Company’s settlement agreement with them, with respect to their obligations to the Company in connection with Siembra Minera and/or the inability of the Company and Venezuela to overcome certain obstacles associated with the Siembra Minera project; (iii) risks associated with Venezuela’s ongoing failure to honor its commitments associated with the formation, financing and operation of Siembra Minera; (iv) the breach of one or more of the terms of the underlying agreements governing the formation of Siembra Minera and the future development of the Siembra Minera project by Venezuela; (v) risks associated with exploration, delineation of sufficient reserves, regulatory and permitting obstacles and other risks associated with the development of the Siembra Minera project; (vi) risks associated with sanctions imposed by the U.S. and Canadian governments, including without limitation those targeting Venezuela; (vii) risks associated with whether the Company is able to obtain (or get results from) relief from such sanctions, if any, obtained from the U.S. Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”) or other similar regulatory bodies, including whether and to what extent OFAC grants licenses with respect to any court-ordered sale of PDV Holdings, Inc. (“PDVH”) shares, including timing and terms of such licenses; (viii) risks associated with recovering funds (including related costs associated therewith) under the Company’s settlement arrangements with the government of Venezuela or its various proceedings against the government of Venezuela, including (a) the potential ability of the Company to obtain funds as a result of the conditional writ of attachment fieri facias granted by the U.S. District Court of Delaware on March 31, 2023 with respect to shares of PDVH, whereby the Company may potentially enforce its September 2014 arbitral award and corresponding November 2015 U.S. judgment by participating in the potential sale of PDVH shares, and the potential ability of the Company to obtain the funds that the Lisbon District Court in Portugal granted a motion to allow the Company to attach and seize, (b) whether PDVH’s parent company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A., is successful in its appeal of the U.S. District Court of Delaware’s decision to grant the conditional writs of attachment, and (c) the Company’s ability to repatriate any such funds, in the event grant of the writ of attachment is upheld and funds become available, or any funds owed to the Company under the settlement arrangements that may become available; and (ix) risks associated with Camac Partners LLC’s activist campaign or any other activist from time to time, including potential costs and distraction of management and the directors’ time and attention related thereto that would otherwise be spent on other matters including appealing or contesting the Resolution. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company’s forward-looking statements.

Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and investors should not infer that there has been no change in our affairs since the date of this report that would warrant any modification of any forward-looking statement made in this document, other documents periodically filed with the SEC, the Ontario Securities Commission or other securities regulators or presented on the Company's website. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. Investors are urged to read the Company's filings with U.S. and Canadian securities regulatory agencies, which can be viewed online at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, respectively.

These risks and uncertainties, and additional risk factors that could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, are more fully described in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 20-F, including, but limited to, the section entitled “Risk Factors” therein, and in the Company’s other filings with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory agencies, which can be viewed online at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, respectively. Consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company, the Company’s management, or other persons acting on the Company’s behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this notice. The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements or the foregoing list of assumptions or factors, whether, as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, subject to its disclosure obligations under applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and applicable Canadian provincial and territorial securities laws. Any forward-looking information contained herein is presented for the purpose of assisting investors in understanding the Company’s expected financial and operational performance and results as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented in the Company’s plans and objectives and may not be appropriate for other purposes.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
99.1 99.2 99.3 99.4	March 31, 2023 Interim Consolidated Financial Statements* March 31, 2023 Management’s Discussion and Analysis* Chief Executive Officer’s Certification of Interim Filings* Chief Financial Officer’s Certification of Interim Filings*
* Furnished herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 17, 2023

GOLD RESERVE INC. (Registrant)

By: /s/ David P. Onzay

David P. Onzay, its Chief Financial Officer

and its Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

GOLD RESERVE INC.

March 31, 2023

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

U.S. Dollars

(unaudited)

1 

GOLD RESERVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited - Expressed in U.S. dollars)

				March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 3)			$	10,666,252	$	15,380,489
Term deposits (Note 4)				30,760,871		27,499,188
Marketable equity securities (Note 5)				133,985		98,053
Income tax receivable (Note 10)				8,091,104		8,091,104
Prepaid expense and other				130,800		458,939
Total current assets				49,783,012		51,527,773
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 6)				1,400,003		1,416,152
Total assets			$	51,183,015	$	52,943,925
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (Note 2)			$	512,420	$	647,283
Severance accrual (Note 9)				–		531,981
Contingent value rights (Note 2)				172,077		172,077
Total current liabilities				684,497		1,351,341
Total liabilities				684,497		1,351,341
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Serial preferred stock, without par value
Authorized:	Unlimited
Issued:	None
Common shares				302,679,682		302,679,682
Class A common shares, without par value
Authorized:	Unlimited
Issued and outstanding:	2023…99,547,710	2022…99,547,710
Contributed surplus				20,625,372		20,625,372
Stock options (Note 9)				23,561,301		23,561,301
Accumulated deficit				(296,367,837)		(295,273,771)
Total shareholders' equity				50,498,518		51,592,584
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity			$	51,183,015	$	52,943,925

Contingencies (Notes 2 and 9)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim consolidated financial statements.

Approved by the Board of Directors:

/s/ James P. Tunkey /s/ Yves M. Gagnon

2 

GOLD RESERVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited - Expressed in U.S. dollars)

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2023		2022
INCOME (LOSS)
Interest income	$$	457,330	$	12,098
Gain on marketable equity securities (Note 5)		35,932		20,799
Foreign currency gain (loss)		(5,305)		10,479
Total Other Income		487,957		43,376
EXPENSES
Corporate general and administrative (Notes 2 and 9)		1,053,080		902,058
Siembra Minera Project and related costs (Note 7)		–		223,237
Exploration costs		10,434		8,189
Legal and accounting		293,970		398,606
Settlement Agreement enforcement (Note 2)		183,931		18,177
Equipment holding costs		40,608		38,496
Total Expense		1,582,023		1,588,763
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period	$$	(1,094,066)	$	(1,545,387)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01)	$	(0.02)
Weighted average common shares outstanding,     basic and diluted		99,547,710		99,547,710

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim consolidated financial statements.

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GOLD RESERVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited - Expressed in U.S. dollars)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
	Common Shares		Contributed Surplus	Stock Options	Accumulated Deficit
	Number	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2022	99,547,710	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,561,301	$ (295,273,771)
Net loss for the period	–	–	–	–	(1,094,066)
Stock option compensation (Note 9)	–	–	–	–	–
Balance, March 31, 2023	99,547,710	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,561,301	$ (296,367,837)
Balance, December 31, 2021	99,547,710	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,402,083	$ (286,677,255)
Net loss for the period	–	–	–	–	(1,545,387)
Stock option compensation (Note 9)	–	–	–	3,930	–
Balance, March 31, 2022	99,547,710	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,406,013	$ (288,222,642)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim consolidated financial statements.

4 

GOLD RESERVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited - Expressed in U.S. dollars)

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2023		2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss for the period	$	(1,094,066)	$	(1,545,387)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock option compensation		–		3,930
Depreciation		16,149		26,716
Gain on marketable equity securities		(35,932)		(20,799)
Amortized interest on term deposits		(384,378)		–
Changes in non-cash working capital:
Decrease in severance accrual		(531,981)		–
Net decrease in prepaid expense   and other		328,139		291,989
Net increase (decrease) in payables and accrued expenses		(134,863)		148,404
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,836,932)		(1,095,147)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of term deposits		(13,077,305)		–
Proceeds from maturity of term deposits		10,200,000		–
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,877,305)		–
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net cash used in financing activities		–		–
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(4,714,237)		(1,095,147)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period		15,380,489		49,117,630
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	10,666,252	$	48,022,483

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim consolidated financial statements.

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Note 1. The Company and Significant Accounting Policies:

Gold Reserve Inc. ("Gold Reserve," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") is engaged in the business of evaluating, acquiring, exploring and developing mining projects and was incorporated in 1998 under the laws of the Yukon Territory, Canada and continued to Alberta, Canada in September 2014.

Gold Reserve Inc. is the successor issuer to Gold Reserve Corporation which was incorporated in 1956. Management's primary activities have included: the advancement of the Siembra Minera project (the "Siembra Minera Project") (including the related social and humanitarian efforts) and corporate and legal activities associated with the collection of the unpaid balance of the Award and the Resolution (as defined herein) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights in connection with the Siembra Minera Project, along with planned activities if there is a successful appeal or other outcome of such Resolution.

The U.S. and Canadian governments have imposed various sanctions targeting Venezuela (the "Sanctions"). The Sanctions, in aggregate, essentially prevent any dealings with Venezuelan government or state-owned or controlled entities and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons from dealing with certain Venezuelan individuals or entering into certain transactions.

The Sanctions imposed by the U.S. government generally block all property of the government of Venezuela and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons (as defined by U.S. Sanction statutes) from dealing with the Venezuelan government and/or state-owned/controlled entities, entering into certain transactions or dealing with Specially Designated Nationals ("SDNs") and target corruption in, among other identified sectors, the gold sector of the Venezuelan economy.

The Sanctions imposed by the Canadian government include asset freezes and prohibitions on dealings with certain named Venezuelan officials under the Special Economic Measures (Venezuela) Regulations of the Special Economic Measures Act and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Regulations of the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law).

The cumulative impact of the Sanctions continues to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the payment and transfer of funds associated with the Settlement Agreement (defined below) as well as the Resolution which adversely impacts our ability to collect the remaining balance of the Award plus interest and/or amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement from Venezuela and/or pursuing remedies with respect to the Resolution. Even if we are successful in appealing the Resolution by the Venezuelan Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights in connection with the Siembra Minera Project, the Sanctions continue to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the operation of Siembra Minera (as defined herein) and the development of the Siembra Minera Project and, until Sanctions are lifted, would obstruct any ability for us to develop the Siembra Minera Project as originally planned.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The statements include the accounts of the Company, Gold Reserve Corporation and three Barbadian subsidiaries one of which was formed to hold our equity interest in Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (“Siembra Minera”) which is beneficially owned 55% by a Venezuelan state-owned entity and 45% by Gold Reserve. Our investment in Siembra Minera is accounted for as an equity investment. All subsidiaries are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. Our policy is to consolidate those subsidiaries where control exists. We have only one operating segment, the exploration and development of mineral properties.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of reporting cash equivalents and cash flows. The cost of these investments approximates fair value. We manage the exposure of our cash and cash equivalents to credit risk by diversifying our cash holdings (See Note 3).

Exploration and Development Costs. Exploration costs incurred in locating areas of potential mineralization or evaluating properties or working interests with specific areas of potential mineralization are expensed as incurred. Development costs of proven mining properties not yet producing are capitalized at cost and classified as capitalized development costs under property, plant and equipment. Mineral property acquisition costs are capitalized and holding costs of such properties are charged to operations during the period if no significant exploration or development activities are being conducted on the related properties. Upon commencement of production, capitalized exploration and development costs would be amortized based on the estimated proven and probable reserves benefited. Mineral properties determined to be impaired or that are abandoned are written-down to the estimated fair value. Carrying values do not necessarily reflect present or future values.

6 

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, except for equipment not yet placed into use. Included in property, plant and equipment is certain equipment, originally acquired for the Brisas Project, that is not being depreciated as it is not in use. The ultimate recoverable value of this equipment may be different than management's current estimate. We have additional property, plant and equipment which are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Replacement costs and major improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over five to ten years. The remaining property, plant and equipment are fully depreciated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows to be generated from the use or eventual disposition of a long-lived asset (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on a determination of the asset's fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting estimated cash flows based on market participant expectations of those future cash flows, or applying a market approach that uses market prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable assets.

Foreign Currency. The U.S. dollar is our (and our foreign subsidiaries') functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates and revenue and expense items are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period, except for depreciation which is translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are included in the statement of operations.

Stock Based Compensation. We maintain an equity incentive plan which provides for the grant of stock options to purchase Class A common shares. We use the fair value method of accounting for stock options. The fair value of options granted to employees is computed using the Black-Scholes method as described in Note 9 and is expensed over the vesting period of the option. For non-employees, the fair value of stock-based compensation is recorded as an expense over the vesting period or upon completion of performance. Consideration paid for shares on exercise of stock options, in addition to the fair value attributable to stock options granted, is credited to capital stock. Stock options granted under the plan become fully vested and exercisable upon a change of control.

Income Taxes. We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and those amounts reported in the financial statements. The deferred tax assets or liabilities are calculated using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the differences are expected to be settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized.

Uncertain Tax Positions. We record uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process that separates recognition from measurement. The first step is determining whether a tax position has met the recognition threshold which requires that the Company determine if it is more likely than not that it will sustain the tax benefit taken or expected to be taken in the event of a dispute with taxing authorities. The second step, for those positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, is to recognize the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with taxing authorities. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns in situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. The Company establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be received from or paid to tax authorities.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potentially dilutive effects of outstanding stock options. In periods in which a loss is incurred, the effect of potential issuances of shares under stock options would be anti-dilutive, and therefore basic and diluted losses per share are the same in those periods.

Marketable Equity Securities. The Company's marketable equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in fair value included in the statement of operations.

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Equity accounted investments. Investments in incorporated entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for by the equity method.

Financial Instruments. Marketable equity securities are measured at fair value at each reporting date, with the change in value recognized in the statement of operations as a gain or loss. Cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, deposits, advances and receivables are accounted for at amortized cost which approximates fair value (See Notes 3 and 4). Accounts payable and contingent value rights are recorded at amortized cost which approximates fair value.

Note 2. Arbitral Award, Settlement Agreement and Mining Data Sale:

In October 2009 we initiated a claim (the "Brisas Arbitration") under the Additional Facility Rules of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes ("ICSID") to obtain compensation for the losses caused by the actions of Venezuela that terminated our previous mining project known as the "Brisas Project." On September 22, 2014, we were granted an Arbitral Award (the "Award") totaling $740.3 million.

In July 2016, we signed the Settlement Agreement, subsequently amended, whereby Venezuela agreed among other things to pay us a total of approximately $1.032 billion which is comprised of $792 million to satisfy the Award (including interest) and $240 million for the purchase of our mining data related to the Brisas Project (the "Mining Data") in a series of payments ending on or before June 15, 2019 (the "Settlement Agreement"). As agreed, the first $240 million received by Gold Reserve from Venezuela has been recognized as proceeds from the sale of the Mining Data.

To date, the Company has received payments of approximately $254 million pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. The remaining unpaid amount due from Venezuela pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, which is delinquent, totals an estimated $989 million (including interest of approximately $211 million) as of March 31, 2023. In relation to the unpaid amount due from Venezuela, the Company has not recognized an Award receivable or associated liabilities on its financial statements which would include taxes, bonus plan and contingent value right payments, described below, as management has not yet determined that payment from Venezuela is probable. This judgement was based on various factors including the Sanctions imposed on Venezuela, the current economic and political instability in Venezuela, the history of non-payment by Venezuela under the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the Resolution (See Note 7). The Award receivable and any associated liabilities will be recognized when, in management’s judgment, it is probable that payment from Venezuela will occur.

The interest rate provided for on any unpaid amounts pursuant to the Award is specified as LIBOR plus two percent. With the phase out of LIBOR, if and when it is possible to engage with the Venezuelan government, we expect that, if necessary, we will either come to an agreement with Venezuela as to an appropriate replacement or, alternatively, petition the court responsible for the enforcement of our Award judgement to rule on a new interest rate benchmark.

In addition to other constraints, the Sanctions restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the payment and transfer of funds associated with the Settlement Agreement which adversely impacts our ability to collect the remaining balance of the Award plus interest and/or amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement from Venezuela. The Company, with counsels’ assistance, continues to evaluate and pursue various options in regard to the Award and the Settlement Agreement.

We have Contingent Value Rights ("CVRs") outstanding that entitle the holders to an aggregate of 5.466% of certain proceeds from Venezuela associated with the collection of the Award and/or sale of Mining Data or an enterprise sale, as such terms are defined in the CVRs (the "Proceeds"), less amounts for certain specified obligations (as defined in the CVR), as well as a bonus plan as described below. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the CVR from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award (not taking into account the claim and settlement with the CVR holders, as described below) was approximately $10 million, all of which has been paid to the CVR holders other than approximately $60,000 which has not yet been distributed.

8 

As previously disclosed, a dispute existed between us and the holder of the majority of the CVRs. The holder believed that the Company's 45% interest in Siembra Minera represented "Proceeds" for purposes of the CVRs and as such the CVR holders were entitled to the value of 5.466% of that interest on the date of its acquisition. In December 2022, the Company and such holder agreed to settle their differences and entered into an agreement whereby the Company paid $350,000 in exchange for the release of claims made by the holder. The Company also decided to offer a pro-rata settlement with the other CVR holders of approximately $112,000, in the aggregate, of which approximately $85,000 was payable to other related parties. The Company recorded CVR expense in relation to this matter of approximately $462,000 during 2022, approximately $112,000 of which remained payable as of March 31, 2023.

We maintain a bonus plan (the "Bonus Plan") which is intended to compensate the participants, including executive officers, employees, directors and consultants for their past and present contributions to the Company. The bonus pool under the Bonus Plan is comprised of the gross proceeds collected or the fair value of any consideration realized less applicable taxes multiplied by 1.28% of the first $200 million and 6.4% thereafter. The bonus pool is determined substantially the same as Net Proceeds for the CVR. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the Bonus Plan from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award was approximately $4.4 million, all of which has been paid to the Bonus Plan participants other than approximately $70,000 which has not yet been distributed.

Due to U.S. and Canadian Sanctions and the uncertainty of transferring the remaining amounts due from Venezuela to bank accounts outside of Venezuela, management only considers those funds received by the Company into its North American bank accounts as funds available for purposes of the CVR and Bonus Plan cash distributions.

Following receipt, if any, of additional funds pursuant to the Settlement Agreement and after applicable payments to CVR holders and Bonus Plan participants, we expect to distribute to our shareholders a substantial majority of any remaining amounts, subject to applicable regulatory requirements and retaining sufficient reserves for operating expenses, contractual obligations, accounts payable and income taxes, and any obligations arising as a result of the collection of the remaining amount owed by Venezuela.

Note 3. Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Bank deposits	$	715,058	$	1,123,095
Short term investments		9,951,194		14,257,394
Total	$	10,666,252	$	15,380,489

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are predominantly held in U.S. banks and Canadian chartered banks. Short term investments include money market funds, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills which mature in three months or less.

Note 4. Term Deposits:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	28,231,080	$	27,499,188
Certificates of deposit		2,529,791		–
	$	30,760,871	$	27,499,188

The Company has term deposits which are classified as held to maturity, carried at amortized cost and have original maturities of between 3 and 12 months. Term deposits consist of U.S. treasury bills purchased at a discount and amortized to face value over their respective terms and bank certificates of deposit. In 2023, the Company recorded non-cash interest income of $384,378 related to the amortization of discount on U.S. treasury bills and accrued interest on bank certificates of deposit.

9 

Note 5. Marketable Securities:

		March 31,		December 31,
Schedule of Marketable Securities Value		2023		2022
Equity securities
Fair value and carrying value at beginning of period	$	98,053	$	105,218
Increase (decrease) in fair value		35,932		(7,165)
Fair value and carrying value at balance sheet date	$	133,985	$	98,053

Marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities and accounted for at fair value, based on quoted market prices with unrealized gains or losses recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that reflect the entity's own assumptions. The fair values of the Company's marketable equity securities as at the balance sheet date are based on Level 1 inputs.

Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment:

Property, Plant and Equipment

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
March 31, 2023
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(365,986)		57,827
Transportation equipment		326,788		(303,770)		23,018
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,982)		408
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(698,738)	$	1,400,003

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(357,690)		66,123
Transportation equipment		326,788		(296,053)		30,735
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,846)		544
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(682,589)	$	1,416,152

Machinery and equipment consists of a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill shell and minor infrastructure equipment originally intended for use on the Brisas Project. We evaluate our equipment and mineral property to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We regularly obtain comparable market data for similar equipment as evidence that our equipment’s fair value less cost to sell is in excess of the carrying amount. No impairment write-downs of property, plant and equipment were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded impairment write-downs of $0.6 million.

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Note 7. Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.:

In March 2022, the Ministry of Mines of Venezuela (“Ministry”) issued a resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera for alleged non-compliance by Siembra Minera with certain Venezuelan mining regulations (the “Resolution”). Siembra Minera filed a reconsideration request in May 2022 which was denied by the Ministry. The Company disagrees with both the substantive and procedural grounds claimed by the Venezuelan government regarding the revocation of mining rights and the reconsideration request. We are evaluating all legal rights and remedies that are available to us under Venezuelan and other laws, under the Settlement Agreement and otherwise and, in late 2022, we filed for an appeal of the Resolution with the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice. We also requested a precautionary measure of suspension of the effects of the Resolution which was denied. Even if the Resolution is successfully annulled, the Sanctions, along with other constraints, could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project or collect or repatriate sums under the Settlement Agreement.

In August 2016, we executed the Contract for the Incorporation and Administration of the Mixed Company with the government of Venezuela and in October 2016, together with an affiliate of the government of Venezuela, we incorporated Siembra Minera by subscribing for shares in Siembra Minera for a nominal amount. The primary purpose of this entity is to develop the Siembra Minera Project. Siembra Minera is beneficially owned 55% by Corporacion Venezolana de Mineria, S.A., a Venezuelan government corporation, and 45% by Gold Reserve. Siembra Minera was granted by the government of Venezuela certain gold, copper, silver and other strategic mineral rights (primarily comprised of the historical Brisas and Cristinas areas) contained within Bolivar State comprising the Siembra Minera Project. The Company directly incurred the costs associated with the Siembra Minera Project which, beginning in 2016 through March 31, 2022, amounted to a total of approximately $22.9 million. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company incurred approximately $0.2 million of certain Venezuelan related costs which, previous to March 31, 2022, were recorded as Siembra Minera Project and related costs. Beginning in the second quarter of 2022, as a result of the Resolution, these costs were recorded in general and administrative expense.

Note 8. 401(k) Plan:

The 401(k) Plan, formerly entitled the KSOP Plan, was originally adopted in 1990 and was most recently restated effective January 1, 2021. The purpose of the 401(k) Plan is to offer retirement benefits to eligible employees of the Company. The 401(k) Plan provides for a salary deferral, a non-elective contribution of 3% of each eligible Participant’s annual compensation and discretionary contributions. Allocation of Class A common shares or cash to participants' accounts, subject to certain limitations, is at the discretion of the Board. Cash contributions for the 2022 plan year were approximately $140,000. As of March 31, 2023, no contributions by the Company had been made for the 2023 plan year.

.

Note 9. Stock Based Compensation Plans:

Equity Incentive Plan

The Company's equity incentive plan provides for the grant of stock options to purchase up to a maximum of 9,939,500 of the Company’s Class A common shares. As of March 31, 2023, there were 2,361,107 options available for grant. Grants are made for terms of up to ten years with vesting periods as required by the TSXV and as may be determined by the Board or a committee of the Board established pursuant to the equity incentive plan.

Stock option transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023		2022
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding - beginning of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
	0	0	0	0
Options outstanding - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
Options exercisable - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,173,391	$ 2.08

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The following table relates to stock options at March 31, 2023:

	Outstanding Options				Exercisable Options
Exercise Price	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
$0.99 - $1.28	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59
$1.60 - $1.60	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51
$1.61 - $1.93	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53
$2.39 - $2.39	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88
$3.15 - $3.26	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71
$0.99 - $3.26	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00

The Company recorded non-cash compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $0 and $3,930, respectively upon the vesting of stock options granted in prior periods.

Change of Control Agreements

The Company maintains change of control agreements with certain officers and employees. A Change of Control is generally defined as one or more of the following: the acquisition by any individual, entity or group, of beneficial ownership of 25 percent of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding Common Shares; a change in the composition of the Board that causes less than a majority of the current directors of the Board to be members of the incoming board; reorganization, merger or consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or any other event the Board reasonably determines constitutes a Change of Control. As of March 31, 2023, the amount payable to participants under the change of control agreements, in the event of a Change of Control, was approximately $4.9 million, which has not been recognized herein as no event of a change of control has been triggered as of the date of this report.

Milestone bonuses

The Company implemented an incentive bonus plan in the fourth quarter of 2021 which involves senior management whose cash compensation was reduced as part of a three-year cost reduction program. The plan provides for the payment of a bonus upon the achievement of specific objectives related to the development of the Company’s business and prospects in Venezuela within certain time frames. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated maximum amount payable under the plan in the event of the achievement of the specific objectives was approximately $2.8 million. This amount has not been recognized herein and will only be recognized when, in management’s judgment, it is probable the specific objectives will be achieved. The plan also provides for severance payments upon the occurrence of certain events resulting in termination of employment. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an accrued liability for severance payments of approximately $0.5 million which was paid during the first quarter of 2023.

Note 10. Income Tax:

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the amount that would result from applying Canadian tax rates to net loss before taxes. These differences result from the items noted below:

	2023		2022
	Amount	%	Amount	%
Income tax benefit based on Canadian tax rates	$ 273,517	25	$ 386,347	25
Decrease due to:
Different tax rates on foreign subsidiaries	(43,330)	(4)	(63,621)	(4)
Non-deductible expenses	(110)	-	(1,256)	-
Change in valuation allowance and other	(230,077)	(21)	(321,470)	(21)
	$              0	0	$              0	0

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No current income tax was recorded by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of the deferred tax assets which may not be realized, principally due to the uncertainty of utilization of net operating losses and other carry forwards prior to expiration. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be reduced if our estimate of future taxable income changes. As part of the US government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress passed the CARES act in late March 2020 which, among other things, allowed companies to carryback losses incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company recorded an income tax benefit in prior years to reflect the carryback of U.S. taxable losses incurred in 2020 and 2019 to offset taxable income in 2018.

The Company has an income tax receivable of $8.1 million related to the carryback of losses as noted above and prior year overpayments resulting from revisions to management's estimates of the timing and amount of deductions available to the Company's U.S. subsidiary associated with the 2017 write-off of certain subsidiaries primarily related to the Company's previous investment in the Brisas Project. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company received a tax refund of $0.6 million related to the carryback of losses incurred in 2020 as noted above. The 2017 tax filing of the Company’s U.S. subsidiary is under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Additionally, Canada Revenue Agency is examining the Company’s 2018 and 2019 international transactions. Determining our tax liabilities requires the interpretation of complex tax regulations and significant judgment by management. There is no assurance that the tax examinations to which we are currently subject will result in favorable outcomes.

The components of the Canadian and U.S. deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Deferred income tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	39,542,640	$	39,298,070
Property, Plant and Equipment		2,129,380		2,129,038
Other		1,670,947		1,672,940
Total  deferred income tax asset		43,342,967		43,100,048
Valuation allowance		(43,326,316)		(43,090,943)
Deferred income tax assets net of valuation allowance	$	16,651	$	9,105
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other		(16,651)		(9,105)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	-	$	-

At March 31, 2023, we had the following U.S. and Canadian tax loss carry forwards stated in U.S. dollars.

	U.S.	Canadian	Expires
$		$    1,932,223	2026
		3,585,953	2027
		13,668,020	2028
		12,953,284	2029
		16,003,062	2030
		17,919,724	2031
		5,199,272	2032
		7,558,671	2033
		8,757,866	2034
		12,501,208	2035
		14,862,621	2036
		11,208,455	2037
		1,072,618	2038
		2,795,550	2039
		4,155,465	2040
		15,042,299	2041
		3,960,052	2042
		838,094	2043
	4,947,767		-
$	4,947,767	$ 154,014,437

EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

GOLD RESERVE INC.

March 31, 2023

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

U.S. Dollars

(unaudited)

1 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, dated May 17, 2023 is intended to assist in understanding and assessing our results of operations and financial condition and should be read in conjunction with the March 31, 2023 unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes and the December 31, 2022 audited consolidated financial statements.

CURRENCY

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "$", "U.S. $" or "U.S. dollars" in this MD&A refer to U.S. dollars and references to "Cdn $" or "Canadian dollars" refer to Canadian dollars. The 3-month average rate of exchange for one Canadian dollar, expressed in U.S. dollars, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 equaled 0.7397 and 0.7896, respectively, and the exchange rate at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 equaled 0.7394 and 0.739, respectively.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION

The information presented or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements of historical fact, are, or could be, “forward-looking statements” (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) or “forward-looking information” (within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial and territorial securities laws) (collectively referred to herein as “forward-looking statements”) that may state the Company’s and its management’s intentions, hopes, beliefs, expectations or predictions for the future.

Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of estimates, expectations, and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company and its management at this time, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. The Company cautions that such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other risks that may cause the actual outcomes, financial results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied therein, many of which are outside its control. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and any such forward-looking statements are not intended to provide any assurances as to future results. The Company believes its estimates, expectations and assumptions are reasonable, but there can be no assurance those reflected herein will be achieved. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, including those set out herein, that may never materialize, prove incorrect or materialize other than as currently contemplated which could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan,” “may,” “could” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Any such forward-looking statements are not intended to provide any assurances as to future results.

Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, any of which could adversely affect the Company, including, without limitation:

● risks associated with the timing and ability to appeal, contest, reverse or otherwise alter the resolution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights held by our joint venture entity Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (“Siembra Minera”) for alleged non-compliance with certain Venezuelan mining regulations (the “Resolution”), with various Venezuelan authorities, including the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice or any adverse outcome of such efforts, the Resolution and/or the ability to take other legal actions including with respect to non-compliance by Venezuela of its obligations under the Settlement Agreement;

●risks associated with sanctions imposed by the U.S. and Canadian governments targeting Venezuela (the "Sanctions") and/or whether we are able to obtain (or get results from) relief from such sanctions, if any, obtained from the U.S. Office of Foreign Asset Control or “OFAC” or other similar regulatory bodies in Canada or elsewhere:

2 

- Sanctions imposed by the U.S. government generally block all property of the government of Venezuela and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons (as defined by U.S. Sanction statutes) from dealing with the Venezuelan government and/or state-owned/controlled entities, entering into certain transactions or dealing with Specially Designated Nationals ("SDNs") and target corruption in, among other identified sectors, the gold sector of the Venezuelan economy;

- Sanctions imposed by the Canadian government include asset freezes and prohibitions on dealings with certain named Venezuelan officials under the Special Economic Measures (Venezuela) Regulations of the Special Economic Measures Act and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Regulations of the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law);

- The Sanctions have adversely impacted our ability to collect the remaining funds owed by Venezuela and interact with Venezuela as to Siembra Minera and the Resolution, which is expected to continue for an indeterminate period of time; and

- Even if there is a successful appeal of the Resolution by the Venezuelan Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera, the Sanctions could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project (as defined herein), and the Sanctions will continue indefinitely until modified by the U.S. or the Canadian government;

●risks that U.S. and Canadian government agencies that enforce Sanctions may not issue licenses that the Company has requested, or may request in the future, to engage in certain Venezuela-related transactions;

●risks associated with the continued failure by Venezuela to honor its commitments under the Settlement Agreement (as defined below). As of the date of this report, Venezuela still owes the Company an estimated $998 million (including interest of approximately $220 million) related to the original settlement obligation of approximately $1.032 billion, which was payable in a series of monthly payments ending on or before June 15, 2019 (as amended, the "Settlement Agreement");

●risks associated with recovering funds under our Settlement Agreement with the government of Venezuela, including our ability to repatriate any such funds;

●risks associated with our ability to resume our efforts to enforce and collect the September 2014 arbitral award granted pursuant to the Additional Facility Rules of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (the "Award"). These risks include incurring the costs of enforcement and collection of the Award and the timing and success of that effort, if Venezuela ultimately fails to honor its commitments pursuant to the Settlement Agreement;

● risks associated with the phase out of LIBOR and our ability, if and when it's possible to engage with the Venezuelan government, to either agree with Venezuela on a new interest benchmark or, alternatively, petition the court responsible for the enforcement of our Award judgement to rule on a new benchmark;

●even if there is a successful appeal or other outcome with respect to the Resolution there would be:

o risks associated with Venezuela's failure to honor its commitments associated with the formation, financing and operation of Siembra Minera (a company formed to develop the Siembra Minera Project which is comprised of certain gold, copper, silver and other strategic mineral rights located in Bolivar State, Venezuela (the “Siembra Minera Project”));

o risks associated with the ability of the Company to (i) successfully overcome legal or regulatory obstacles to operate Siembra Minera for the purpose of developing the Siembra Minera Project, (ii) complete any additional definitive documentation and finalize remaining governmental approvals and (iii) obtain financing to fund the capital costs of the Siembra Minera Project;

o the risk that the conclusions of management and its qualified consultants contained in the Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Siembra Minera Gold Copper Project in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101- Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") may not be realized in the future;

o risks associated with exploration, delineation of sufficient reserves, regulatory and permitting obstacles and other risks associated with the development of the Siembra Minera Project; and

3 

o risks that any future Venezuelan administration or power, de jure or de facto, will fail to respect the agreements entered into by the Company and Venezuela, including past or future actions of any branch of Government challenging the formation of Siembra Minera and Presidential Decree No. 2.248 creating the National Strategic Development Zone Mining Arc of the Orinoco;

●risks associated with filing a claim, if warranted, against Venezuela for breach of the terms of the underlying agreements governing the formation of Siembra Minera and the future development of the Siembra Minera Project and/or the Settlement Agreement. The cost of prosecuting such a claim(s) over a number of years could be substantial, and there is no assurance that we would be successful in our claim(s) or, if successful, could collect any compensation from the Venezuelan government. If we are unable to prevail, in the event we filed a claim against the Venezuelan government related to our stake in the Siembra Minera Project and/or the Settlement Agreement or were unable to collect compensation in respect of our claim(s), the Company would be adversely affected;

● risks associated with potential tax, accounting or financial impacts that may result from the current audits of our tax filings by U.S. and Canadian tax authorities (or any future ones);

● risks associated with Camac Partners LLC’s activist campaign or any other activist from time to time, including potential costs and distraction of management and the directors’ time and attention related thereto that would otherwise be spent on other matters including appealing or contesting the Resolution;

● risks associated with bonus plan participants claiming Siembra Minera is “proceeds” for purposes of such bonus plan, including costs associated therewith and amounts paid in settlement, if any;

●risks associated with our ability to service outstanding obligations as they come due and access future additional funding, when required, for ongoing liquidity and capital resources, pending the receipt of payments under the Settlement Agreement or collection of the Award in the courts;

●risks associated with our prospects in general for the identification, exploration and development of mining projects and other risks normally incident to the exploration, development and operation of mining properties, including our ability to achieve revenue producing operations in the future;

● risks that estimates and/or assumptions required to be made by management in the course of preparing our financial statements are determined to be inaccurate, resulting in a negative impact on the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period;

● risks associated with the ability of the Company to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, which may result in the Company not being able to produce accurate and timely financial statements and other public filings;

●risks associated with shareholder dilution resulting from the future sale of additional equity, if required;

●risks associated with the value realized, if any, from the disposition of the assets related to our previous mining project in Venezuela known as the "Brisas Project";

●risks associated with the abilities of and continued participation by certain employees;

●risks associated with the impact of current or future U.S., Canadian and/or other jurisdiction's tax laws to which we are or may be subject; and

Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and investors should not infer that there has been no change in our affairs since the date of this report that would warrant any modification of any forward-looking statement made in this document, other documents periodically filed with the SEC, the Ontario Securities Commission or other securities regulators or presented on the Company's website. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. Investors are urged to read the Company's filings with U.S. and Canadian securities regulatory agencies, which can be viewed online at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, respectively.

4 

These risks and uncertainties, and additional risk factors that could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, are more fully described in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 20-F, including, but limited to, the section entitled “Risk Factors” therein, and in the Company’s other filings with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory agencies, which can be viewed online at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, respectively. Consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company, the Company’s management, or other persons acting on the Company’s behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this notice. The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements or the foregoing list of assumptions or factors, whether, as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, subject to its disclosure obligations under applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and applicable Canadian provincial and territorial securities laws. Any forward-looking information contained herein is presented for the purpose of assisting investors in understanding the Company’s expected financial and operational performance and results as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented in the Company’s plans and objectives and may not be appropriate for other purposes.

THE COMPANY

Gold Reserve, an exploration stage company, is engaged in the business of acquiring, exploring and developing mining projects. We were incorporated in 1998 under the laws of the Yukon Territory, Canada and continued to Alberta, Canada in September 2014. We are the successor issuer to Gold Reserve Corporation, which was incorporated in the United States in 1956. We have only one operating segment, the exploration and development of mineral properties. We employed five individuals as of March 31, 2023. Our Class A common shares (the "Class A Shares") are listed for trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (the "TSXV") and quoted on the OTCQX under the symbol GRZ and GDRZF, respectively.

Our registered office is located at the office of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, 400 3rd Avenue SW, Suite 3700, Calgary, Alberta T2P 4H2, Canada. Telephone and fax numbers for our registered agent are 403.267.8222 and 403.264.5973, respectively. Our administrative office is located at 999 West Riverside Avenue, Suite 401, Spokane, WA 99201, U.S.A. and our telephone and fax numbers are 509.623.1500 and 509.623.1634, respectively. The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, the Company files reports and other information as a foreign private issuer with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information relating to the Company. The site is located at www.sec.gov. Similar information can also be found on our website at www.goldreserveinc.com. Copies of documents that have been filed with the Canadian securities authorities can be obtained at www.sedar.com. The information found on, or accessible through, our website does not form part of this MD&A.

We have no commercial operations or production at this time. Historically we have financed our operations through the issuance of common shares, other equity securities and debt and from payments made by Venezuela pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. Funds necessary for ongoing corporate activities, or other future investments and/or transactions if any, cannot be determined at this time and are subject to available cash, any future payments under the Settlement Agreement and/or collection of the unpaid Award (as defined herein) in the courts or future financings.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

The Company is engaged in the business of evaluating, acquiring, exploring and developing mining projects.

Exploration Prospects

Siembra Minera

In August 2016, we executed the Contract for the Incorporation and Administration of the Mixed Company with the government of Venezuela and in October 2016, together with an affiliate of the government of Venezuela, we incorporated Siembra Minera by subscribing for shares in Siembra Minera for a nominal amount. The primary purpose of this entity is to develop the Siembra Minera Project. Siembra Minera is beneficially owned 55% by Corporacion Venezolana de Mineria, S.A., a Venezuelan government corporation, and 45% by Gold Reserve. Siembra Minera was granted by the government of Venezuela certain gold, copper, silver and other strategic mineral rights (primarily comprised of the historical Brisas and Cristinas areas) contained within Bolivar State comprising the Siembra Minera Project.

In March 2022, the Ministry issued a Resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera for alleged non-compliance by Siembra Minera with certain Venezuelan mining regulations. Siembra Minera filed a

5 

reconsideration request in May 2022 which was denied by the Ministry. The Company disagrees with both the substantive and procedural grounds claimed by the Venezuelan government regarding the revocation of mining rights and the reconsideration request. We are evaluating all legal rights and remedies that are available to us under Venezuelan and other laws, under the Settlement Agreement and otherwise and, in late 2022, we filed for an appeal of the Resolution with the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice. We also requested a precautionary measure of suspension of the effects of the Resolution which was denied. Even if there is a successful appeal or overturning of such resolution, the Sanctions, along with other constraints, could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project or collect or repatriate sums under the Settlement Agreement.

Further details regarding the Siembra Minera Project can be found in our Annual Information Form dated April 29, 2022 and our Management Discussion and Analysis dated April 29, 2022, each filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 40-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 with the SEC on April 29, 2022 and on www.sedar.com.

LMS Gold Project

On March 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of certain wholly-owned mining claims known as the LMS Gold Project (the “LMS Property”), together with certain personal property for $350,000, pursuant to a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Raven Gold Alaska Inc. (“Raven”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Corvus Gold Inc. Raven retains Net Smelter Returns (“NSRs”) with respect to (i) “Precious Metals” produced and recovered from the LMS Property equal to 3% of NSRs on such metals (the “Precious Metals Royalty”) and (ii) “Base Metals” produced and recovered from the LMS Property equal to 1% of NSRs on such metals, however we have the option, for a period of 20 years from the date of closing of the acquisition, to buy back a one-third interest (i.e. 1 %) in the Precious Metals Royalty at a price of $4 million. In 2019 Raven assigned the NSRs to Bronco Creek Exploration, Inc. The LMS Property, located in Alaska, remains at an early stage of exploration with limited annual on-site activities being conducted by the Company.

Management’s Recent Activities

Management’s focus has been on the collection of the remaining amounts owed to us by Venezuela and working toward all remedies that are available to us with respect to the Siembra Minera Project.

Settlement Agreement and Formation of Siembra Minera

In October 2009, we initiated a claim (the “Brisas Arbitration”) under the Additional Facility Rules of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) to obtain compensation for the losses caused by the actions of Venezuela that terminated our Brisas Project (as herein defined) in violation of the terms of the Treaty between the Government of Canada and the Government of Venezuela for the Promotion and Protection of Investments. In September 2014, the ICSID Tribunal granted us an Award totaling $740.3 million. The Award (less legal costs and expenses) currently accrues post-award interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2%, compounded annually.

Under the terms of the July 2016 Settlement Agreement (as amended) Venezuela agreed to pay the Company $792 million to satisfy the Award and $240 million for the purchase of our technical mining data (the “Mining Data”) associated with our previous mining project in Venezuela (the “Brisas Project”) for a total of approximately $1.032 billion in a series of monthly payments ending on or before June 15, 2019. As agreed, the first $240 million received by Gold Reserve from Venezuela has been recognized as proceeds from the sale of the Mining Data.

In August 2016, we executed the Contract for the Incorporation and Administration of the Mixed Company with the government of Venezuela and in October 2016, together with an affiliate of the government of Venezuela, we incorporated Siembra Minera as a Venezuelan company, by subscribing for shares in Siembra Minera for a nominal amount. The primary purpose of this entity is to develop the Siembra Minera Project. Siembra Minera is beneficially owned 55% by Corporacion Venezolana de Mineria, S.A., a Venezuelan government corporation, and 45% by Gold Reserve. Siembra Minera was granted by the government of Venezuela certain gold, copper, silver and other strategic mineral rights (“the Mining Rights”) primarily related to the historical Brisas and Cristinas areas located in Bolivar State comprising the Siembra Minera Project.

As of the date of this MD&A, the Company had received payments of approximately $254 million pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. The remaining unpaid amount due from Venezuela pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, which is delinquent, totals an estimated $998 million (including interest of approximately $220 million). In relation to the unpaid amount due from Venezuela, the Company has not recognized an Award receivable or associated liabilities on its financial statements which would include taxes, bonus plan and contingent value right payments, as management has not yet determined that payment from Venezuela is probable.

6 

The interest rate provided for on any unpaid amounts pursuant to the Award is specified as LIBOR plus 2%, compounded annually. With the phase out of LIBOR, if and when it is possible to engage with the Venezuelan government, we expect that, if necessary, we will either come to an agreement with Venezuela as to an appropriate replacement or, alternatively, petition the court responsible for the enforcement of our Award judgement to rule on a new interest rate benchmark.

The terms of the Settlement Agreement also included Venezuela’s obligation to make available to an escrow agent, negotiable financial instruments, with a face value of at least $350 million, partially guaranteeing the payment obligations to the Company as well as the obligation to advance approximately $110 million to Siembra Minera to facilitate the early startup of the pre-operation and construction activities. As of the date of this MD&A, Venezuela has not yet taken steps to provide such collateral or the early funding and it is unclear if and when Venezuela will comply with these particular obligations contained in the Settlement Agreement.

In March 2022, the Ministry of Mines of Venezuela (“Ministry”) issued a resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera for alleged non-compliance by Siembra Minera with certain Venezuelan mining regulations (the “Resolution”). Siembra Minera filed a reconsideration request in May 2022 which was denied by the Ministry. The Company disagrees with both the substantive and procedural grounds claimed by the Venezuelan government regarding the revocation of mining rights and the reconsideration request. We are evaluating all legal rights and remedies that are available to us under Venezuelan and other laws, under the Settlement Agreement and otherwise and, in late 2022, we filed for an appeal of the Resolution with the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice. We also requested a precautionary measure of suspension of the effects of the Resolution which was denied. Even if the Resolution is successfully annulled, the Sanctions, along with other constraints, could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project or collect or repatriate sums under the Settlement Agreement.

Obligations Due Upon Collection of the Award and Sale of Mining Data

Pursuant to a 2012 restructuring of convertible notes, we issued CVRs that entitle the holders to an aggregate of 5.466% of certain proceeds from Venezuela associated with the collection of the Award and/or sale of Mining Data or an enterprise sale, as such terms are defined in the CVRs (the "Proceeds"), less amounts for certain specified obligations (as defined in the CVR), as well as a bonus plan as described below. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the CVR from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award (not taking into account the claim and settlement with the CVR holders, as described below) was approximately $10 million, all of which has been paid to the CVR holders other than approximately $60,000 which has not yet been distributed.

A dispute existed between us and the holder of the majority of the CVRs, a related party. The holder believed that the Company's 45% interest in Siembra Minera represented "Proceeds" for purposes of the CVRs and as such the CVR holders were entitled to the value of 5.466% of that interest on the date of its acquisition. In December 2022, the Company and such holder agreed to settle their differences and entered into an agreement whereby the Company paid $350,000 in exchange for the release of claims made by the holder. The Company also decided to offer a pro-rata settlement with the other CVR holders of approximately $112,000, in the aggregate, of which approximately $85,000 was payable to other related parties. The Company recorded CVR expense in relation to this matter of approximately $462,000 during 2022, approximately $112,000 of which remained payable as of March 31, 2023. As of the date of this report, substantially all of these payments have been made.

The Board approved a bonus plan (the "Bonus Plan") in May 2012, which was intended to compensate the participants, including executive officers, employees, directors and consultants for their contributions related to: the development of the Brisas Project; the manner in which the development effort was carried out allowing the Company to present a strong defense of its arbitration claim; the support of the Company's execution of the Brisas Arbitration; and the ongoing efforts to assist with positioning the Company in the collection of the Award, sale of the Mining Data or enterprise sale. The bonus pool under the Bonus Plan is comprised of the gross proceeds collected or the fair value of any consideration realized less applicable taxes multiplied by 1.28% of the first $200 million and 6.4% thereafter. The bonus pool is determined substantially in the same manner as Net Proceeds for the CVR. The Bonus Plan is administered by independent members of the Board of Directors.

Participation in the Bonus Plan by existing participants is fixed, subject to voluntary termination of employment or termination for cause. Participants who reach age 65 and retire are fully vested and continue to participate in future distributions under the Bonus Plan. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the Bonus Plan from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award was approximately $4.4 million, all of which has been paid to the Bonus Plan participants other than approximately $70,000 which has not yet been distributed.

7 

Intention to Distribute Funds Received in Connection with the Award in the Future

In June 2019, the Company completed a distribution of approximately $76 million or $0.76 per share to holders of Class A Shares as a return of capital (the "Return of Capital"). The Return of Capital was completed pursuant to a plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (the "ABCA") which required approval by the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench (the "Court") and at least two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders of the Company ("Shareholders") in respect of a special resolution.

Following the receipt, if any, of additional funds associated with the Settlement Agreement and/or Award and after applicable payments of obligations related to the CVR and Bonus Plan, we expect to distribute to our Shareholders a substantial majority of any remaining proceeds, subject to applicable regulatory requirements and retaining sufficient reserves for operating expenses, contractual obligations, accounts payable and income taxes, and any obligations arising as a result of the future collection of the remaining amounts owed by Venezuela.

Venezuela's Political, Economic and Social Conditions

Venezuela continues to experience political, economic and social turmoil. The country’s foreign currency earnings continue to fall due to reduced oil exports caused by declining production at PDVSA, the state-owned oil company, along with low oil prices and the impact of U.S. Sanctions. The country's overall infrastructure, social services network, and economy continue to deteriorate.

In early January 2023, the opposition National Assembly agreed not to extend the dual or interim government of Juan Guaidó any further, and the interim government was dissolved as a result. Additionally, the Assembly established a commission to oversee the country’s assets abroad in an effort to prevent the Maduro Administration from accessing those assets. All embassies in other countries opened by the interim government have been closed.

The U.S., Canada, and a few other countries that recognized the Juan Guaidó government still don’t recognize the Maduro Administration. The U.S., Canada, and others have called upon the Maduro Administration to hold free and fair presidential elections in the near term with the expectation of some Sanctions relief, if that were to occur. Countries including Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, and certain other Latin American and European countries are normalizing relations with the Maduro Administration.

The existing conditions in Venezuela and the Sanctions are expected to continue in the foreseeable future, adversely impacting our ability to collect the remaining amount owed to us by Venezuela under the Settlement Agreement and/or Award or to have the Resolution annulled.

U.S. and Canadian Sanctions

The U.S. and Canadian governments have imposed various Sanctions targeting Venezuela. The Sanctions, in aggregate, essentially prevent any dealings with Venezuelan government or state-owned or controlled entities and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons, persons in Canada or Canadians outside Canada from dealing with certain Venezuelan individuals or entering into certain transactions.

The Sanctions imposed by the U.S. government generally block all property of the government of Venezuela and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons (as defined by U.S. Sanction statutes) from dealing with the Venezuelan government and/or state-owned/controlled entities, entering into certain transactions or dealing with Specially Designated Nationals ("SDNs") and target corruption in, among other identified sectors, the gold sector of the Venezuelan economy.

The Sanctions imposed by the Canadian government include asset freezes and prohibitions on dealings with certain named Venezuelan officials under the Special Economic Measures (Venezuela) Regulations of the Special Economic Measures Act and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Regulations of the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law).

The Sanctions have adversely impacted our ability to collect the remaining funds owed by Venezuela or to contest the Resolution, which is expected to continue for an indeterminate period of time.

8 

The cumulative impact of the Sanctions continues to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the payment and transfer of funds associated with the Settlement Agreement which adversely impacts our ability to collect the remaining balance of the Award plus interest and/or amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement from Venezuela. It also impacts our ability to contest the Resolution. Even if we are successful in appealing the Resolution by the Ministry to revoke the mining rights in connection with the Siembra Minera Project, the Sanctions continue to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the operation of Siembra Minera and the development of the Siembra Minera Project and, until Sanctions are lifted, would obstruct any ability for us to develop the Siembra Minera Project as originally planned.

Legal Proceedings

Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Award in the United States

The Company obtained an order dated November 20, 2015, confirming and entering judgment on the Brisas ICSID Award in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (DDC). Venezuela's appeal of this order was dismissed pursuant to the terms of the 2016 Settlement Agreement between Gold Reserve and Venezuela. The Company registered its DDC Judgment in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Delaware District Court) and, by order dated March 31, 2023, the Company obtained a conditional writ of attachment fieri facias against the shares of PDV Holding, Inc. (PDVH), the indirect parent company of CITGO Petroleum Corp., one of the largest oil refiners in the United States. Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), the holding company of PDVH, appealed this order on April 10, 2023. On May 1, 2023, the U.S. Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”) published guidance stating that it will not take enforcement actions against individuals or entities participating in the previously announced sales process for the shares of PDVH. The Company is in the process of requesting that it be designated as an Additional Judgment Creditor in the sales process and if successful may be entitled to a share of the proceeds of any such sale. On May 1, 2023, OFAC issued a license to the Clerk of the Court for the Delaware District Court, authorizing the issuance and service of writs of attachment granted by the court to judgment creditors such as the Company against the shares of PDVH. On May 5, 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeal for the Third Circuit granted PDVSA’s motion for a temporary stay of the Company’s case in the Delaware District Court and set an expedited schedule for briefing and hearing PDVSA’s appeal.

Portugal Attachment

By order dated January 13, 2023, the Lisbon District Court granted the motion filed by Gold Reserve Inc. and Gold Reserve Corporation (USA) to attach and seize funds deposited at a Portugal state owned bank up to the amount of EUR 21,368,805.12.  On February 20, 2023, the Lisbon District Court’s attachment order was effective. The Company is now in the process of instituting a "main action" required to execute against the attached funds.

Venezuela Political-Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice (“APC”)

On November 24, 2022, the Company filed a nullity appeal and requested a precautionary measure of suspension of effects before the APC to declare the absolute nullity of the administrative act contained in Resolution No. 100-DM-00073 (“Resolution No. 73”) issued by the Ministry of People’s Power for Ecological Mining Development on May 27, 2022, and notified to the Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (EMESM) on May 30, 2022, which ratified in every one of its parts Resolution No. 005 issued on March 7, 2022, and notified to EMESM on March 9, 2022, which terminated the mining rights granted to EMESM through the Transfer Decree No. 2.788 of March 20, 2017, and against which EMESM exercised the corresponding Administrative Request for Reconsideration. On February 9, 2023, the APC denied the Company’s precautionary request to suspend the effects of Resolution No. 73. The trial hearing of the nullity appeal is expected to take place in the late second quarter or third quarter of 2023.

Financial Overview

Our overall financial position is influenced by the proceeds previously received pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, related payment obligations, the 2019 Return of Capital to Shareholders and results of operations. Recent operating results and our overall financial position and liquidity are primarily impacted by expenses associated with activities related to the Siembra Minera Project, Sanctions and costs associated with maintaining our legal and regulatory obligations in good standing and by Venezuela's failure to honor its monetary and non-monetary obligations under the Settlement Agreement in a timely manner.

9 

As discussed elsewhere in this MD&A, the Sanctions have and will continue to adversely impact our ability to collect the remaining amounts due associated with the Settlement Agreement and/or Award. Even if there is a successful annulment of the Resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera, the Sanctions could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project.

Historically we have financed our operations through the issuance of common stock, other equity securities and debt and proceeds from payments under the Settlement Agreement. The timing of any future investments or transactions if any, and the amounts that may be required cannot be determined at this time and are subject to available cash, the continued collection, if any, of the proceeds associated with the collection of the Award and/or future financings, if any. We may need to rely on additional capital raises in the future. We have only one operating segment, the exploration and development of mineral properties.

Our longer-term funding requirements may be adversely impacted by the timing of the collection of the amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement and/or Award, financial market conditions, industry conditions, regulatory approvals or other unknown or unpredictable conditions and, as a result, there can be no assurance that additional funding will be available or, if available, offered on acceptable terms.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $10.7 million which represents a decrease from December 31, 2022 of approximately $4.7 million. The net decrease was primarily due to a $2.9 million net investment in term deposits with original maturities of between 3 and 12 months. Additionally, cash decreased as a result of cash used in operations as more fully described in the “Operating Activities” section below.

		2023		Change		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,666,252	$	(4,714,237)	$	15,380,489

As of March 31, 2023, we had financial resources including cash, cash equivalents, term deposits and marketable securities totaling approximately $41.6 million (predominantly held in U.S. and Canadian banks and financial institutions), machinery and equipment intended to be sold with a carrying value of approximately $1.0 million (See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements), an income tax receivable of approximately $8.1 million (See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements), and short-term financial obligations consisting of accounts payable, accrued expenses and contingent value rights of approximately $0.7 million.

We have no revenue producing operations at this time. Our future working capital position is dependent upon the collection of amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement and/or Award. We believe that we have sufficient working capital to carry on our activities for the next 12 to 24 months. However, the annulment of the Resolution, the removal of Sanctions, an increase in legal expenses related to enforcement and collection of our Award, among other things, could result in increased activities and a higher cash burn-rate requiring us to seek additional sources of funding to ensure our ability to continue our business in the normal course. We may need to rely on additional capital raises in the future.

Operating Activities

Cash flow used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Cash flow used in operating activities consists of net loss adjusted for gains and losses on marketable securities, non-cash interest income, non-cash expense items primarily related to stock option compensation and depreciation and certain non-cash changes in working capital.

Cash flows used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased from the prior comparable period primarily due to payments of severance and accounts payable made in the first quarter of 2023.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to the net purchase of term deposits. The Company did not have cash flows from investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Financing Activities

The Company did not have cash flows from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

10 

Contractual Obligations

Our current contractual obligation payments as of March 31, 2023 consist of amounts due pursuant to the Bonus Plan and CVR agreements of approximately $0.1 million. As described above and in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is obligated to make payments under the Bonus Plan and CVR agreements based on the after-tax amounts received from Venezuela under the Settlement Agreement and/or Award.

The Company maintains change of control agreements with certain officers and employees as described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2023, the amount payable to participants under the change of control agreements, in the event of a Change of Control, was approximately $4.9 million.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company implemented a three-year cost reduction program which included a reduction in senior management compensation coupled with an incentive bonus plan. The plan provides for the payment of a bonus upon the achievement of specific objectives related to the development of the Company’s business and prospects in Venezuela within certain time frames. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated maximum amount payable under the plan in the event of the achievement of the specific objectives was approximately $2.8 million. This amount has not been recognized herein and will only be recognized when, in management’s judgment, it is probable the specific objectives will be achieved. The plan also provides for severance payments, upon the occurrence of certain events, related to termination of employment. The Company has contractual obligation payments related to the 2022 retirement of a senior executive which amount to$150,000 in 2023, $112,500 in 2024 and $90,000 in 2025.

Results of Operations

Summary Results of Operations

Consolidated net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $1.1 million compared to consolidated net loss of $1.5 million during the comparable period in 2022.

	2023	2022	Change
Income	$ 487,957	$       43,376	$444,581
Expenses	(1,582,023)	(1,588,763)	6,740
Net loss for the period	$(1,094,066)	$(1,545,387)	$451,321

Income (loss)
	2023	2022	Change
Interest income	$457,330	$12,098	$445,232
Gain on marketable equity securities	35,932	20,799	15,133
Foreign currency gain (loss)	(5,305)	10,479	(15,784)
	$487,957	$43,376	$444,581

As the Company has no commercial production or source of operating cash flow at this time, income is often variable from period to period. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, income increased over the prior year primarily as a result of an increase in interest income due to an increase in interest rates partially offset by a decrease in foreign exchange gain.

Expenses

	2023	2022	Change
Corporate general and administrative	$1,053,080	$902,058	$151,022
Siembra Minera Project and related costs	–	223,237	(223,237)
Exploration costs	10,434	8,189	2,245
Legal and accounting	293,970	398,606	(104,636)
Settlement Agreement enforcement	183,931	18,177	165,754
Equipment holding costs	40,608	38,496	2,112
Total expenses	$1,582,023	$1,588,763	$(6,740)

11 

Corporate general and administrative expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased from the prior comparable period primarily due the allocation of costs previously classified as Siembra Minera Project and related costs partially offset by a decrease in compensation costs. In the first quarter of 2023, the costs previously classified as Siembra Minera Project and related costs included $0.2 million of certain Venezuelan related costs which are expected to continue as they may be relevant to the Company’s future activities with respect to the Resolution, other legal support activities and/or the Settlement Agreement. Siembra Minera Project costs decreased from the prior comparable period as a result of the March 2022 Venezuelan Ministry of Mine’s issuance of the Resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera and the reallocation of certain costs previously associated with the Siembra Minera project to corporate general and administrative expense. Legal and accounting expenses decreased primarily as a result of a decrease in professional fees associated with the Resolution to revoke the Siembra Minera mining rights, tax compliance and other corporate matters. Settlement Agreement enforcement expense increased due to legal and other costs associated with enforcement and collection of the Award. Overall, total expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were consistent with the comparable period in 2022.

Summary of Quarterly Results (1)

Quarter ended	3/31/23	12/31/22	9/30/22	6/30/22	3/31/22	12/31/21	9/30/21	6/30/21
Income (loss)	$487,957	$322,504	$60,039	$40,754	$43,376	$(76,489)	$12,563	$95,416
Net loss
before tax	(1,094,066)	(3,103,914)	(1,703,356)	(2,243,859)	(1,545,387)	(4,933,399)	(2,044,043)	(1,745,073)
Per share	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Fully diluted	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Net loss	(1,094,066)	(3,103,914)	(1,703,356)	(2,243,859)	(1,545,387)	(4,933,399)	(2,044,043)	(1,745,073)
Per share	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Fully diluted	(0.01)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.05)	(0.02)	(0.02)

(1) The information shown above is derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

In the first quarter of 2023, income increased due to increased interest income as a result of an increase in interest rates. In the fourth quarter of 2022, income increased primarily due to increased interest income as a result of an increase in interest rates. In the third quarter of 2022, income increased primarily due to increased interest income as a result of an increase in interest rates, partially offset by a decrease in gain on marketable equity securities. In the second quarter of 2022, income decreased as a result of fluctuations in currency exchange rates resulting in foreign currency losses in the second quarter of 2022 compared to foreign currency gains in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in income was partially offset by an increase in interest as a result of higher interest rates. In the first quarter of 2022, income increased primarily as a result of unrealized gains on marketable equity securities. In the fourth quarter of 2021, income decreased as a result of unrealized losses on marketable equity securities, foreign currency loss and losses on disposition of property, plant and equipment. In the third quarter of 2021, income decreased due to a decrease in the gain on sale of equipment and an increase in foreign currency loss. In the second quarter of 2021, income increased due to a gain on sale of equipment.

In the first quarter of 2023, net loss decreased primarily due to increased interest income as a result of an increase in interest rates. In the fourth quarter of 2022, net loss increased primarily due to an increase in contingent value rights expense, write-down of property, plant and equipment and Settlement Agreement enforcement expense. In the third quarter of 2022, net loss decreased primarily due to a decrease in severance expense. In the second quarter of 2022, net loss increased primarily as a result of severance expense and legal and other costs related to the revocation, reinstatement efforts and potential damages claims associated with the Siembra Minera mining rights. In the first quarter of 2022, net loss decreased as a result of a reduction in compensation expense including non-cash stock option expense. In the fourth quarter of 2021, net loss increased primarily as a result of an increase in non-cash stock option compensation expense and a loss on impairment of cash in a bank account. In the third quarter of 2021, net loss increased due primarily to an increase in legal and accounting expense and a decrease in income. In the second quarter of 2021, net loss decreased as a result of decreases in legal, accounting and arbitration costs and a gain on sale of equipment.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues and expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

EX-99.3

Exhibit 99.3 Chief Executive Officer’s Certification of Interim Filings

Form 52-109F2

Certification of interim filings – full certificate

I, Rockne J. Timm, Chief Executive Officer of Gold Reserve Inc., certify the following:

1. I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Gold Reserve Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended March 31, 2023.
2. Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.
3. Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.
4. The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.
5. Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

(a) designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

(i) material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

(ii) information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

(b) designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

5.1 The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 2013 framework.

5.2 N/A

5.3 N/A

6. The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on January 1, 2023 and ended on March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: May 17, 2023

/s/Rockne J. Timm

Rockne J. Timm

Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.4

Exhibit 99.4 Chief Financial Officer’s Certification of Interim Filings

Form 52-109F2

Certification of interim filings – full certificate

I, David P. Onzay, Chief Financial Officer of Gold Reserve Inc., certify the following:

1. I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Gold Reserve Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended March 31, 2023.
2. Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.
3. Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.
4. The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.
5. Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

(a) designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

(i) material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

(ii) information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

(b) designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

5.1 The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 2013 framework.

5.2 N/A

5.3 N/A

6. The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on January 1, 2023 and ended on March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: May 17, 2023

/s/David P. Onzay

David P. Onzay

Chief Financial Officer

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	Mar. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	6-K
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Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Registrant Name	GOLD RESERVE INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001072725

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 3)	$ 10,666,252	$ 15,380,489
Term deposits (Note 4)	30,760,871	27,499,188
Marketable equity securities (Note 5)	133,985	98,053
Income tax receivable (Note 10)	8,091,104	8,091,104
Prepaid expense and other	130,800	458,939
Total current assets	49,783,012	51,527,773
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 6)	1,400,003	1,416,152
Total assets	51,183,015	52,943,925
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (Note 2)	512,420	647,283
Severance accrual (Note 9)		531,981
Contingent value rights (Note 2)	172,077	172,077
Total current liabilities	684,497	1,351,341
Total liabilities	684,497	$ 1,351,341
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued		0
Common shares	302,679,682	$ 302,679,682
Contributed surplus	20,625,372	20,625,372
Stock options (Note 9)	23,561,301	23,561,301
Accumulated deficit	(296,367,837)	(295,273,771)
Total shareholders' equity	50,498,518	51,592,584
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 51,183,015	$ 52,943,925

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	99,547,710	99,547,710

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
INCOME (LOSS)
Interest income	$ 457,330	$ 12,098
Gain on marketable equity securities (Note 5)	35,932	20,799
Foreign currency gain (loss)	(5,305)	10,479
Total Other Income	487,957	43,376
EXPENSES
Corporate general and administrative (Notes 2 and 9)	1,053,080	902,058
Siembra Minera Project and related costs (Note 7)		223,237
Exploration costs	10,434	8,189
Legal and accounting	293,970	398,606
Settlement Agreement enforcement (Note 2)	183,931	18,177
Equipment holding costs	40,608	38,496
Total Expense	1,582,023	1,588,763
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period	$ (1,094,066)	$ (1,545,387)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)
Weighted average common shares outstanding,     basic and diluted	99,547,710	99,547,710

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Deferred Compensation, Share-Based Payments [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,402,083	$ (286,677,255)
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	99,547,710
Net loss for the period				(1,545,387)
Stock option compensation (Note 9)			3,930
Ending balance, value at Mar. 31, 2022	302,679,682	20,625,372	23,406,013	(288,222,642)
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 302,679,682	20,625,372	23,561,301	(295,273,771)
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	99,547,710
Net loss for the period				(1,094,066)
Stock option compensation (Note 9)
Ending balance, value at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 302,679,682	$ 20,625,372	$ 23,561,301	$ (296,367,837)

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss for the period	$ (1,094,066)	$ (1,545,387)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock option compensation		3,930
Depreciation	16,149	26,716
Gain on marketable equity securities	(35,932)	(20,799)
Amortized interest on term deposits	(384,378)
Changes in non-cash working capital:
Decrease in severance accrual	(531,981)
Net decrease in prepaid expense   and other	328,139	291,989
Net increase (decrease) in payables and accrued expenses	(134,863)	148,404
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,836,932)	(1,095,147)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of term deposits	(13,077,305)
Proceeds from maturity of term deposits	10,200,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,877,305)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net cash used in financing activities
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,714,237)	(1,095,147)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period	15,380,489	49,117,630
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$ 10,666,252	$ 48,022,483

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The Company and Significant Accounting Policies:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

The Company and Significant Accounting Policies:

Note 1. The Company and Significant Accounting Policies:

Gold Reserve Inc. ("Gold Reserve," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") is engaged in the business of evaluating, acquiring, exploring and developing mining projects and was incorporated in 1998 under the laws of the Yukon Territory, Canada and continued to Alberta, Canada in September 2014.

Gold Reserve Inc. is the successor issuer to Gold Reserve Corporation which was incorporated in 1956. Management's primary activities have included: the advancement of the Siembra Minera project (the "Siembra Minera Project") (including the related social and humanitarian efforts) and corporate and legal activities associated with the collection of the unpaid balance of the Award and the Resolution (as defined herein) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights in connection with the Siembra Minera Project, along with planned activities if there is a successful appeal or other outcome of such Resolution.

The U.S. and Canadian governments have imposed various sanctions targeting Venezuela (the "Sanctions"). The Sanctions, in aggregate, essentially prevent any dealings with Venezuelan government or state-owned or controlled entities and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons from dealing with certain Venezuelan individuals or entering into certain transactions.

The Sanctions imposed by the U.S. government generally block all property of the government of Venezuela and prohibit directors, management and employees of the Company who are U.S. Persons (as defined by U.S. Sanction statutes) from dealing with the Venezuelan government and/or state-owned/controlled entities, entering into certain transactions or dealing with Specially Designated Nationals ("SDNs") and target corruption in, among other identified sectors, the gold sector of the Venezuelan economy.

The Sanctions imposed by the Canadian government include asset freezes and prohibitions on dealings with certain named Venezuelan officials under the Special Economic Measures (Venezuela) Regulations of the Special Economic Measures Act and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Regulations of the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law).

The cumulative impact of the Sanctions continues to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the payment and transfer of funds associated with the Settlement Agreement (defined below) as well as the Resolution which adversely impacts our ability to collect the remaining balance of the Award plus interest and/or amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement from Venezuela and/or pursuing remedies with respect to the Resolution. Even if we are successful in appealing the Resolution by the Venezuelan Ministry of Mines to revoke the mining rights in connection with the Siembra Minera Project, the Sanctions continue to restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the operation of Siembra Minera (as defined herein) and the development of the Siembra Minera Project and, until Sanctions are lifted, would obstruct any ability for us to develop the Siembra Minera Project as originally planned.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The statements include the accounts of the Company, Gold Reserve Corporation and three Barbadian subsidiaries one of which was formed to hold our equity interest in Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (“Siembra Minera”) which is beneficially owned 55% by a Venezuelan state-owned entity and 45% by Gold Reserve. Our investment in Siembra Minera is accounted for as an equity investment. All subsidiaries are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. Our policy is to consolidate those subsidiaries where control exists. We have only one operating segment, the exploration and development of mineral properties.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of reporting cash equivalents and cash flows. The cost of these investments approximates fair value. We manage the exposure of our cash and cash equivalents to credit risk by diversifying our cash holdings (See Note 3).

Exploration and Development Costs. Exploration costs incurred in locating areas of potential mineralization or evaluating properties or working interests with specific areas of potential mineralization are expensed as incurred. Development costs of proven mining properties not yet producing are capitalized at cost and classified as capitalized development costs under property, plant and equipment. Mineral property acquisition costs are capitalized and holding costs of such properties are charged to operations during the period if no significant exploration or development activities are being conducted on the related properties. Upon commencement of production, capitalized exploration and development costs would be amortized based on the estimated proven and probable reserves benefited. Mineral properties determined to be impaired or that are abandoned are written-down to the estimated fair value. Carrying values do not necessarily reflect present or future values.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, except for equipment not yet placed into use. Included in property, plant and equipment is certain equipment, originally acquired for the Brisas Project, that is not being depreciated as it is not in use. The ultimate recoverable value of this equipment may be different than management's current estimate. We have additional property, plant and equipment which are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Replacement costs and major improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over five to ten years. The remaining property, plant and equipment are fully depreciated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows to be generated from the use or eventual disposition of a long-lived asset (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on a determination of the asset's fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting estimated cash flows based on market participant expectations of those future cash flows, or applying a market approach that uses market prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable assets.

Foreign Currency. The U.S. dollar is our (and our foreign subsidiaries') functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates and revenue and expense items are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period, except for depreciation which is translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are included in the statement of operations.

Stock Based Compensation. We maintain an equity incentive plan which provides for the grant of stock options to purchase Class A common shares. We use the fair value method of accounting for stock options. The fair value of options granted to employees is computed using the Black-Scholes method as described in Note 9 and is expensed over the vesting period of the option. For non-employees, the fair value of stock-based compensation is recorded as an expense over the vesting period or upon completion of performance. Consideration paid for shares on exercise of stock options, in addition to the fair value attributable to stock options granted, is credited to capital stock. Stock options granted under the plan become fully vested and exercisable upon a change of control.

Income Taxes. We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and those amounts reported in the financial statements. The deferred tax assets or liabilities are calculated using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the differences are expected to be settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized.

Uncertain Tax Positions. We record uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process that separates recognition from measurement. The first step is determining whether a tax position has met the recognition threshold which requires that the Company determine if it is more likely than not that it will sustain the tax benefit taken or expected to be taken in the event of a dispute with taxing authorities. The second step, for those positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, is to recognize the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with taxing authorities. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns in situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. The Company establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be received from or paid to tax authorities.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potentially dilutive effects of outstanding stock options. In periods in which a loss is incurred, the effect of potential issuances of shares under stock options would be anti-dilutive, and therefore basic and diluted losses per share are the same in those periods.

Marketable Equity Securities. The Company's marketable equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in fair value included in the statement of operations.

Equity accounted investments. Investments in incorporated entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for by the equity method.

Financial Instruments. Marketable equity securities are measured at fair value at each reporting date, with the change in value recognized in the statement of operations as a gain or loss. Cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, deposits, advances and receivables are accounted for at amortized cost which approximates fair value (See Notes 3 and 4). Accounts payable and contingent value rights are recorded at amortized cost which approximates fair value.

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Arbitral Award, Settlement Agreement and Mining Data Sale:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Arbitral Award Settlement Agreement And Mining Data Sale

Arbitral Award, Settlement Agreement and Mining Data Sale:

Note 2. Arbitral Award, Settlement Agreement and Mining Data Sale:

In October 2009 we initiated a claim (the "Brisas Arbitration") under the Additional Facility Rules of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes ("ICSID") to obtain compensation for the losses caused by the actions of Venezuela that terminated our previous mining project known as the "Brisas Project." On September 22, 2014, we were granted an Arbitral Award (the "Award") totaling $740.3 million.

In July 2016, we signed the Settlement Agreement, subsequently amended, whereby Venezuela agreed among other things to pay us a total of approximately $1.032 billion which is comprised of $792 million to satisfy the Award (including interest) and $240 million for the purchase of our mining data related to the Brisas Project (the "Mining Data") in a series of payments ending on or before June 15, 2019 (the "Settlement Agreement"). As agreed, the first $240 million received by Gold Reserve from Venezuela has been recognized as proceeds from the sale of the Mining Data.

To date, the Company has received payments of approximately $254 million pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. The remaining unpaid amount due from Venezuela pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, which is delinquent, totals an estimated $989 million (including interest of approximately $211 million) as of March 31, 2023. In relation to the unpaid amount due from Venezuela, the Company has not recognized an Award receivable or associated liabilities on its financial statements which would include taxes, bonus plan and contingent value right payments, described below, as management has not yet determined that payment from Venezuela is probable. This judgement was based on various factors including the Sanctions imposed on Venezuela, the current economic and political instability in Venezuela, the history of non-payment by Venezuela under the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the Resolution (See Note 7). The Award receivable and any associated liabilities will be recognized when, in management’s judgment, it is probable that payment from Venezuela will occur.

The interest rate provided for on any unpaid amounts pursuant to the Award is specified as LIBOR plus two percent. With the phase out of LIBOR, if and when it is possible to engage with the Venezuelan government, we expect that, if necessary, we will either come to an agreement with Venezuela as to an appropriate replacement or, alternatively, petition the court responsible for the enforcement of our Award judgement to rule on a new interest rate benchmark.

In addition to other constraints, the Sanctions restrict the Company from working with those Venezuelan government officials responsible for the payment and transfer of funds associated with the Settlement Agreement which adversely impacts our ability to collect the remaining balance of the Award plus interest and/or amounts due pursuant to the Settlement Agreement from Venezuela. The Company, with counsels’ assistance, continues to evaluate and pursue various options in regard to the Award and the Settlement Agreement.

We have Contingent Value Rights ("CVRs") outstanding that entitle the holders to an aggregate of 5.466% of certain proceeds from Venezuela associated with the collection of the Award and/or sale of Mining Data or an enterprise sale, as such terms are defined in the CVRs (the "Proceeds"), less amounts for certain specified obligations (as defined in the CVR), as well as a bonus plan as described below. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the CVR from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award (not taking into account the claim and settlement with the CVR holders, as described below) was approximately $10 million, all of which has been paid to the CVR holders other than approximately $60,000 which has not yet been distributed.

As previously disclosed, a dispute existed between us and the holder of the majority of the CVRs. The holder believed that the Company's 45% interest in Siembra Minera represented "Proceeds" for purposes of the CVRs and as such the CVR holders were entitled to the value of 5.466% of that interest on the date of its acquisition. In December 2022, the Company and such holder agreed to settle their differences and entered into an agreement whereby the Company paid $350,000 in exchange for the release of claims made by the holder. The Company also decided to offer a pro-rata settlement with the other CVR holders of approximately $112,000, in the aggregate, of which approximately $85,000 was payable to other related parties. The Company recorded CVR expense in relation to this matter of approximately $462,000 during 2022, approximately $112,000 of which remained payable as of March 31, 2023.

We maintain a bonus plan (the "Bonus Plan") which is intended to compensate the participants, including executive officers, employees, directors and consultants for their past and present contributions to the Company. The bonus pool under the Bonus Plan is comprised of the gross proceeds collected or the fair value of any consideration realized less applicable taxes multiplied by 1.28% of the first $200 million and 6.4% thereafter. The bonus pool is determined substantially the same as Net Proceeds for the CVR. As of March 31, 2023, the total cumulative obligation payable pursuant to the terms of the Bonus Plan from the sale of the Mining Data and collection of the Award was approximately $4.4 million, all of which has been paid to the Bonus Plan participants other than approximately $70,000 which has not yet been distributed.

Due to U.S. and Canadian Sanctions and the uncertainty of transferring the remaining amounts due from Venezuela to bank accounts outside of Venezuela, management only considers those funds received by the Company into its North American bank accounts as funds available for purposes of the CVR and Bonus Plan cash distributions.

Following receipt, if any, of additional funds pursuant to the Settlement Agreement and after applicable payments to CVR holders and Bonus Plan participants, we expect to distribute to our shareholders a substantial majority of any remaining amounts, subject to applicable regulatory requirements and retaining sufficient reserves for operating expenses, contractual obligations, accounts payable and income taxes, and any obligations arising as a result of the collection of the remaining amount owed by Venezuela.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Note 3. Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Bank deposits	$	715,058	$	1,123,095
Short term investments		9,951,194		14,257,394
Total	$	10,666,252	$	15,380,489

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are predominantly held in U.S. banks and Canadian chartered banks. Short term investments include money market funds, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills which mature in three months or less.

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Term Deposits: - USD ($)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Term Deposits

Term Deposits:

Note 4. Term Deposits:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	28,231,080	$	27,499,188
Certificates of deposit		2,529,791		–
	$	30,760,871	$	27,499,188

The Company has term deposits which are classified as held to maturity, carried at amortized cost and have original maturities of between 3 and 12 months. Term deposits consist of U.S. treasury bills purchased at a discount and amortized to face value over their respective terms and bank certificates of deposit. In 2023, the Company recorded non-cash interest income of $384,378 related to the amortization of discount on U.S. treasury bills and accrued interest on bank certificates of deposit.

U.S. Treasury Bills

$ 28,231,080

$ 27,499,188

Certificates of deposit

$ 2,529,791

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Marketable Securities:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Marketable Securities:

Note 5. Marketable Securities:

		March 31,		December 31,
Schedule of Marketable Securities Value		2023		2022
Equity securities
Fair value and carrying value at beginning of period	$	98,053	$	105,218
Increase (decrease) in fair value		35,932		(7,165)
Fair value and carrying value at balance sheet date	$	133,985	$	98,053

Marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities and accounted for at fair value, based on quoted market prices with unrealized gains or losses recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that reflect the entity's own assumptions. The fair values of the Company's marketable equity securities as at the balance sheet date are based on Level 1 inputs.

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Property, Plant and Equipment:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment:

Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment:

Property, Plant and Equipment

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
March 31, 2023
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(365,986)		57,827
Transportation equipment		326,788		(303,770)		23,018
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,982)		408
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(698,738)	$	1,400,003

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(357,690)		66,123
Transportation equipment		326,788		(296,053)		30,735
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,846)		544
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(682,589)	$	1,416,152

Machinery and equipment consists of a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill shell and minor infrastructure equipment originally intended for use on the Brisas Project. We evaluate our equipment and mineral property to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We regularly obtain comparable market data for similar equipment as evidence that our equipment’s fair value less cost to sell is in excess of the carrying amount. No impairment write-downs of property, plant and equipment were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded impairment write-downs of $0.6 million.

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Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera S.a.

Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.:

Note 7. Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.:

In March 2022, the Ministry of Mines of Venezuela (“Ministry”) issued a resolution to revoke the mining rights of Siembra Minera for alleged non-compliance by Siembra Minera with certain Venezuelan mining regulations (the “Resolution”). Siembra Minera filed a reconsideration request in May 2022 which was denied by the Ministry. The Company disagrees with both the substantive and procedural grounds claimed by the Venezuelan government regarding the revocation of mining rights and the reconsideration request. We are evaluating all legal rights and remedies that are available to us under Venezuelan and other laws, under the Settlement Agreement and otherwise and, in late 2022, we filed for an appeal of the Resolution with the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice. We also requested a precautionary measure of suspension of the effects of the Resolution which was denied. Even if the Resolution is successfully annulled, the Sanctions, along with other constraints, could adversely impact our ability to finance, develop and operate the Siembra Minera Project or collect or repatriate sums under the Settlement Agreement.

In August 2016, we executed the Contract for the Incorporation and Administration of the Mixed Company with the government of Venezuela and in October 2016, together with an affiliate of the government of Venezuela, we incorporated Siembra Minera by subscribing for shares in Siembra Minera for a nominal amount. The primary purpose of this entity is to develop the Siembra Minera Project. Siembra Minera is beneficially owned 55% by Corporacion Venezolana de Mineria, S.A., a Venezuelan government corporation, and 45% by Gold Reserve. Siembra Minera was granted by the government of Venezuela certain gold, copper, silver and other strategic mineral rights (primarily comprised of the historical Brisas and Cristinas areas) contained within Bolivar State comprising the Siembra Minera Project. The Company directly incurred the costs associated with the Siembra Minera Project which, beginning in 2016 through March 31, 2022, amounted to a total of approximately $22.9 million. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company incurred approximately $0.2 million of certain Venezuelan related costs which, previous to March 31, 2022, were recorded as Siembra Minera Project and related costs. Beginning in the second quarter of 2022, as a result of the Resolution, these costs were recorded in general and administrative expense.

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401(k) Plan:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

K Plan

401(k) Plan:

Note 8. 401(k) Plan:

The 401(k) Plan, formerly entitled the KSOP Plan, was originally adopted in 1990 and was most recently restated effective January 1, 2021. The purpose of the 401(k) Plan is to offer retirement benefits to eligible employees of the Company. The 401(k) Plan provides for a salary deferral, a non-elective contribution of 3% of each eligible Participant’s annual compensation and discretionary contributions. Allocation of Class A common shares or cash to participants' accounts, subject to certain limitations, is at the discretion of the Board. Cash contributions for the 2022 plan year were approximately $140,000. As of March 31, 2023, no contributions by the Company had been made for the 2023 plan year.

.

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Stock Based Compensation Plans:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation Plans:

Note 9. Stock Based Compensation Plans:

Equity Incentive Plan

The Company's equity incentive plan provides for the grant of stock options to purchase up to a maximum of 9,939,500 of the Company’s Class A common shares. As of March 31, 2023, there were 2,361,107 options available for grant. Grants are made for terms of up to ten years with vesting periods as required by the TSXV and as may be determined by the Board or a committee of the Board established pursuant to the equity incentive plan.

Stock option transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023		2022
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding - beginning of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
	0	0	0	0
Options outstanding - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
Options exercisable - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,173,391	$ 2.08

The following table relates to stock options at March 31, 2023:

	Outstanding Options				Exercisable Options
Exercise Price	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
$0.99 - $1.28	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59
$1.60 - $1.60	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51
$1.61 - $1.93	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53
$2.39 - $2.39	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88
$3.15 - $3.26	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71
$0.99 - $3.26	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00

The Company recorded non-cash compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $0 and $3,930, respectively upon the vesting of stock options granted in prior periods.

Change of Control Agreements

The Company maintains change of control agreements with certain officers and employees. A Change of Control is generally defined as one or more of the following: the acquisition by any individual, entity or group, of beneficial ownership of 25 percent of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding Common Shares; a change in the composition of the Board that causes less than a majority of the current directors of the Board to be members of the incoming board; reorganization, merger or consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or any other event the Board reasonably determines constitutes a Change of Control. As of March 31, 2023, the amount payable to participants under the change of control agreements, in the event of a Change of Control, was approximately $4.9 million, which has not been recognized herein as no event of a change of control has been triggered as of the date of this report.

Milestone bonuses

The Company implemented an incentive bonus plan in the fourth quarter of 2021 which involves senior management whose cash compensation was reduced as part of a three-year cost reduction program. The plan provides for the payment of a bonus upon the achievement of specific objectives related to the development of the Company’s business and prospects in Venezuela within certain time frames. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated maximum amount payable under the plan in the event of the achievement of the specific objectives was approximately $2.8 million. This amount has not been recognized herein and will only be recognized when, in management’s judgment, it is probable the specific objectives will be achieved. The plan also provides for severance payments upon the occurrence of certain events resulting in termination of employment. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an accrued liability for severance payments of approximately $0.5 million which was paid during the first quarter of 2023.

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Income Tax:

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax:

Note 10. Income Tax:

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the amount that would result from applying Canadian tax rates to net loss before taxes. These differences result from the items noted below:

	2023		2022
	Amount	%	Amount	%
Income tax benefit based on Canadian tax rates	$ 273,517	25	$ 386,347	25
Decrease due to:
Different tax rates on foreign subsidiaries	(43,330)	(4)	(63,621)	(4)
Non-deductible expenses	(110)	-	(1,256)	-
Change in valuation allowance and other	(230,077)	(21)	(321,470)	(21)
	$              0	0	$              0	0

No current income tax was recorded by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of the deferred tax assets which may not be realized, principally due to the uncertainty of utilization of net operating losses and other carry forwards prior to expiration. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be reduced if our estimate of future taxable income changes. As part of the US government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress passed the CARES act in late March 2020 which, among other things, allowed companies to carryback losses incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company recorded an income tax benefit in prior years to reflect the carryback of U.S. taxable losses incurred in 2020 and 2019 to offset taxable income in 2018.

The Company has an income tax receivable of $8.1 million related to the carryback of losses as noted above and prior year overpayments resulting from revisions to management's estimates of the timing and amount of deductions available to the Company's U.S. subsidiary associated with the 2017 write-off of certain subsidiaries primarily related to the Company's previous investment in the Brisas Project. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company received a tax refund of $0.6 million related to the carryback of losses incurred in 2020 as noted above. The 2017 tax filing of the Company’s U.S. subsidiary is under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Additionally, Canada Revenue Agency is examining the Company’s 2018 and 2019 international transactions. Determining our tax liabilities requires the interpretation of complex tax regulations and significant judgment by management. There is no assurance that the tax examinations to which we are currently subject will result in favorable outcomes.

The components of the Canadian and U.S. deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Deferred income tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	39,542,640	$	39,298,070
Property, Plant and Equipment		2,129,380		2,129,038
Other		1,670,947		1,672,940
Total  deferred income tax asset		43,342,967		43,100,048
Valuation allowance		(43,326,316)		(43,090,943)
Deferred income tax assets net of valuation allowance	$	16,651	$	9,105
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other		(16,651)		(9,105)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	-	$	-

At March 31, 2023, we had the following U.S. and Canadian tax loss carry forwards stated in U.S. dollars.

	U.S.	Canadian	Expires
$		$    1,932,223	2026
		3,585,953	2027
		13,668,020	2028
		12,953,284	2029
		16,003,062	2030
		17,919,724	2031
		5,199,272	2032
		7,558,671	2033
		8,757,866	2034
		12,501,208	2035
		14,862,621	2036
		11,208,455	2037
		1,072,618	2038
		2,795,550	2039
		4,155,465	2040
		15,042,299	2041
		3,960,052	2042
		838,094	2043
	4,947,767		-
$	4,947,767	$ 154,014,437

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The Company and Significant Accounting Policies: (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The statements include the accounts of the Company, Gold Reserve Corporation and three Barbadian subsidiaries one of which was formed to hold our equity interest in Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A. (“Siembra Minera”) which is beneficially owned 55% by a Venezuelan state-owned entity and 45% by Gold Reserve. Our investment in Siembra Minera is accounted for as an equity investment. All subsidiaries are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. Our policy is to consolidate those subsidiaries where control exists. We have only one operating segment, the exploration and development of mineral properties.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of reporting cash equivalents and cash flows. The cost of these investments approximates fair value. We manage the exposure of our cash and cash equivalents to credit risk by diversifying our cash holdings (See Note 3).

Exploration and Development Costs

Exploration and Development Costs. Exploration costs incurred in locating areas of potential mineralization or evaluating properties or working interests with specific areas of potential mineralization are expensed as incurred. Development costs of proven mining properties not yet producing are capitalized at cost and classified as capitalized development costs under property, plant and equipment. Mineral property acquisition costs are capitalized and holding costs of such properties are charged to operations during the period if no significant exploration or development activities are being conducted on the related properties. Upon commencement of production, capitalized exploration and development costs would be amortized based on the estimated proven and probable reserves benefited. Mineral properties determined to be impaired or that are abandoned are written-down to the estimated fair value. Carrying values do not necessarily reflect present or future values.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, except for equipment not yet placed into use. Included in property, plant and equipment is certain equipment, originally acquired for the Brisas Project, that is not being depreciated as it is not in use. The ultimate recoverable value of this equipment may be different than management's current estimate. We have additional property, plant and equipment which are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Replacement costs and major improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over five to ten years. The remaining property, plant and equipment are fully depreciated.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows to be generated from the use or eventual disposition of a long-lived asset (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on a determination of the asset's fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting estimated cash flows based on market participant expectations of those future cash flows, or applying a market approach that uses market prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable assets.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency. The U.S. dollar is our (and our foreign subsidiaries') functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates and revenue and expense items are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period, except for depreciation which is translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are included in the statement of operations.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation. We maintain an equity incentive plan which provides for the grant of stock options to purchase Class A common shares. We use the fair value method of accounting for stock options. The fair value of options granted to employees is computed using the Black-Scholes method as described in Note 9 and is expensed over the vesting period of the option. For non-employees, the fair value of stock-based compensation is recorded as an expense over the vesting period or upon completion of performance. Consideration paid for shares on exercise of stock options, in addition to the fair value attributable to stock options granted, is credited to capital stock. Stock options granted under the plan become fully vested and exercisable upon a change of control.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes. We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and those amounts reported in the financial statements. The deferred tax assets or liabilities are calculated using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the differences are expected to be settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized.

Uncertain Tax Positions

Uncertain Tax Positions. We record uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process that separates recognition from measurement. The first step is determining whether a tax position has met the recognition threshold which requires that the Company determine if it is more likely than not that it will sustain the tax benefit taken or expected to be taken in the event of a dispute with taxing authorities. The second step, for those positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, is to recognize the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with taxing authorities. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns in situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. The Company establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be received from or paid to tax authorities.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potentially dilutive effects of outstanding stock options. In periods in which a loss is incurred, the effect of potential issuances of shares under stock options would be anti-dilutive, and therefore basic and diluted losses per share are the same in those periods.

Marketable Equity Securities

Marketable Equity Securities. The Company's marketable equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in fair value included in the statement of operations.

Equity accounted investments

Equity accounted investments. Investments in incorporated entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for by the equity method.

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments. Marketable equity securities are measured at fair value at each reporting date, with the change in value recognized in the statement of operations as a gain or loss. Cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, deposits, advances and receivables are accounted for at amortized cost which approximates fair value (See Notes 3 and 4). Accounts payable and contingent value rights are recorded at amortized cost which approximates fair value.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents: (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Bank deposits	$	715,058	$	1,123,095
Short term investments		9,951,194		14,257,394
Total	$	10,666,252	$	15,380,489

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are predominantly held in U.S. banks and Canadian chartered banks. Short term investments include money market funds, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills which mature in three months or less.

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Marketable Securities: (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Marketable Securities Value

		March 31,		December 31,
Schedule of Marketable Securities Value		2023		2022
Equity securities
Fair value and carrying value at beginning of period	$	98,053	$	105,218
Increase (decrease) in fair value		35,932		(7,165)
Fair value and carrying value at balance sheet date	$	133,985	$	98,053

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Property, Plant and Equipment: (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
March 31, 2023
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(365,986)		57,827
Transportation equipment		326,788		(303,770)		23,018
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,982)		408
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(698,738)	$	1,400,003

				Accumulated
		Cost		Depreciation		Net
December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	968,750	$	–	$	968,750
Furniture and office equipment		423,813		(357,690)		66,123
Transportation equipment		326,788		(296,053)		30,735
Leasehold improvements		29,390		(28,846)		544
Mineral property		350,000		–		350,000
	$	2,098,741	$	(682,589)	$	1,416,152

Machinery and equipment consists of a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill shell and minor infrastructure equipment originally intended for use on the Brisas Project. We evaluate our equipment and mineral property to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We regularly obtain comparable market data for similar equipment as evidence that our equipment’s fair value less cost to sell is in excess of the carrying amount. No impairment write-downs of property, plant and equipment were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded impairment write-downs of $0.6 million.

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Stock Based Compensation Plans: (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Transactions

	2023		2022
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding - beginning of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
	0	0	0	0
Options outstanding - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,218,393	$ 2.08
Options exercisable - end of period	7,578,393	$ 2.03	7,173,391	$ 2.08

Stock Options Oustanding and Exercisable

	Outstanding Options				Exercisable Options
Exercise Price	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
$0.99 - $1.28	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59	360,000	$1.07	$ 67,550	9.59
$1.60 - $1.60	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51	2,983,750	$1.60	0	8.51
$1.61 - $1.93	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53	435,000	$1.77	0	6.53
$2.39 - $2.39	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88	3,369,643	$2.39	0	3.88
$3.15 - $3.26	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71	430,000	$3.21	0	1.71
$0.99 - $3.26	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00	7,578,393	$2.03	$ 67,550	6.00

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Income Tax: (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the amount that would result from applying Canadian tax rates to net loss before taxes. These differences result from the items noted below:

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the amount that would result from applying Canadian tax rates to net loss before taxes. These differences result from the items noted below:

	2023		2022
	Amount	%	Amount	%
Income tax benefit based on Canadian tax rates	$ 273,517	25	$ 386,347	25
Decrease due to:
Different tax rates on foreign subsidiaries	(43,330)	(4)	(63,621)	(4)
Non-deductible expenses	(110)	-	(1,256)	-
Change in valuation allowance and other	(230,077)	(21)	(321,470)	(21)
	$              0	0	$              0	0

No current income tax was recorded by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of the deferred tax assets which may not be realized, principally due to the uncertainty of utilization of net operating losses and other carry forwards prior to expiration. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be reduced if our estimate of future taxable income changes. As part of the US government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress passed the CARES act in late March 2020 which, among other things, allowed companies to carryback losses incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company recorded an income tax benefit in prior years to reflect the carryback of U.S. taxable losses incurred in 2020 and 2019 to offset taxable income in 2018.

The Company has an income tax receivable of $8.1 million related to the carryback of losses as noted above and prior year overpayments resulting from revisions to management's estimates of the timing and amount of deductions available to the Company's U.S. subsidiary associated with the 2017 write-off of certain subsidiaries primarily related to the Company's previous investment in the Brisas Project. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company received a tax refund of $0.6 million related to the carryback of losses incurred in 2020 as noted above. The 2017 tax filing of the Company’s U.S. subsidiary is under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Additionally, Canada Revenue Agency is examining the Company’s 2018 and 2019 international transactions. Determining our tax liabilities requires the interpretation of complex tax regulations and significant judgment by management. There is no assurance that the tax examinations to which we are currently subject will result in favorable outcomes.

The components of the Canadian and U.S. deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2023		2022
Deferred income tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	39,542,640	$	39,298,070
Property, Plant and Equipment		2,129,380		2,129,038
Other		1,670,947		1,672,940
Total  deferred income tax asset		43,342,967		43,100,048
Valuation allowance		(43,326,316)		(43,090,943)
Deferred income tax assets net of valuation allowance	$	16,651	$	9,105
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other		(16,651)		(9,105)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	-	$	-

At March 31, 2023, we had the following U.S. and Canadian tax loss carry forwards stated in U.S. dollars.

	U.S.	Canadian	Expires
$		$    1,932,223	2026
		3,585,953	2027
		13,668,020	2028
		12,953,284	2029
		16,003,062	2030
		17,919,724	2031
		5,199,272	2032
		7,558,671	2033
		8,757,866	2034
		12,501,208	2035
		14,862,621	2036
		11,208,455	2037
		1,072,618	2038
		2,795,550	2039
		4,155,465	2040
		15,042,299	2041
		3,960,052	2042
		838,094	2043
	4,947,767		-
$	4,947,767	$ 154,014,437

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The Company and Significant Accounting Policies: (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Siembra Minera beneficial ownership by Venezuela	55.00%
Siembra Minera beneficial ownership by Company	45.00%

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Arbitral Award, Settlement Agreement and Mining Data Sale: (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Arbitral Award Settlement Agreement And Mining Data Sale
Total Award		$ 740,300,000
Settlement Agreement			$ 1,032,000,000.000
[custom:VenezuelaAgreedToPayForAward-0]		792,000,000
Venezuela Agreed To Pay For Mining Data			$ 240,000,000
Payments Made Pursuant To Settlement Agreement		254,000,000
Amount Due And Unpaid Including Interest				$ 989,000,000
Interest Due		$ 211,000,000
Amount Of Proceeds Cvr Holders Entitled To		5.466%
Cumulative Amount Paid To Cvr Holders		$ 10,000,000
Increase In Obligation To Cvr Holders		60,000
[custom:CVRSettlementSteelhead-0]	$ 350,000
[custom:CVRSettlementOthers-0]		112,000
[custom:CVRSettlementGreywolf-0]		85,000
[custom:CVRExpense2022]	$ 462,000
[custom:CVRPayable-0]		$ 112,000
Bonus Percentage Of First Two Hundred Million Collected		1.28%
Bonus Percentage Thereafter		6.40%
Cumulative Amount Paid To Bonus Plan Participants		$ 4,400,000
Increase In Obligation To Bonus Plan Participants		$ 70,000

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Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Bank deposits	$ 715,058	$ 1,123,095
Short term investments	9,951,194	14,257,394
Total	$ 10,666,252	$ 15,380,489

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Term Deposits: (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Term Deposits
[custom:NonCashInterestIncome]	$ 384,378

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Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Fair value and carrying value at beginning of period	$ 98,053	$ 105,218
Increase (decrease) in fair value	35,932	(7,165)
Fair value and carrying value at balance sheet date	$ 133,985	$ 98,053

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Total	$ 1,400,003	$ 1,416,152
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Machinery and Equipment, Gross	968,750	968,750
[custom:MachineryAndEquipmentNet-0]	968,750	968,750
Accumulated Depreciation Machinery And Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:AccumulatedDepreciationMachineryAndEquipment-0]
Office Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Furniture and Fixtures, Gross	423,813	423,813
[custom:FurnitureAndFixturesNet-0]	57,827	66,123
Accumulated Depreciation Office Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:AccumulatedDepreciationFurnitureAndFixtures-0]	(365,986)	(357,690)
Transportation Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:TransportationEquipmentGross-0]	326,788	326,788
[custom:TransportationEquipmentNet-0]	23,018	30,735
Accumulated Depreciation Transportation Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:AccumulatedDepreciationTransportationEquipment-0]	(303,770)	(296,053)
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold Improvements, Gross	29,390	29,390
[custom:LeaseholdImprovementsNet-0]	408	544
Accumulated Depreciation Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:AccumulatedDepreciationLeaseholdImprovements-0]	(28,982)	(28,846)
Mineral Property [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:MineralPropertyGross-0]	350,000	350,000
[custom:MineralPropertyNet-0]	350,000	350,000
Accumulated Depreciation Mineral Property [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
[custom:AccumulatedDepreciationMineralProperty-0]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Total	2,098,741	2,098,741
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Total	1,400,003	1,416,152
Accumulated Depreciation [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and Equipment	$ (698,738)	$ (682,589)

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Property, Plant and Equipment: (Details Narrative) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
[custom:ImpairmentWritedown]	$ 0.6

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Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.: (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera S.a.
[custom:SiembraMineraCostsToDate-0]		$ 22.9
[custom:CostsPreviouslyClassifiedAsSiembraMinera-0]	$ 0.2

XML

401(k) Plan: (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
K Plan
[custom:CashContributionsToThePlan]	$ 140,000

XML

Stock Option Transactions (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Net of Forfeitures	0	0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 0	$ 0
Equity Option [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Beginning Balance	7,578,393	7,218,393
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance	$ 2.03	$ 2.08
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number, Ending Balance	7,578,393	7,218,393
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance	$ 2.03	$ 2.08
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	7,578,393	7,173,391
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 2.03	$ 2.08

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Stock Options Oustanding and Exercisable (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
[custom:OutstandingOptionsNumber99To128-0] | shares	360,000
[custom:OutstandingOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue99To128-0] | $	$ 67,550
[custom:OutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears99To128]	9 years 7 months 2 days
[custom:ExercisableOptionsNumber99To128-0] | shares	360,000
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice99To128-0]	$ 1.07
[custom:ExercisableOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue99To128-0] | $	$ 67,550
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears99To128]	9 years 7 months 2 days
[custom:OutstandingOptionsNumber160To160-0] | shares	2,983,750
[custom:OutstandingOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue160To160-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:OutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears160To160]	8 years 6 months 3 days
[custom:ExercisableOptionsNumber160To160-0] | shares	2,983,750
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice160To160-0]	$ 1.60
[custom:ExercisableOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue160To160-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears160To160]	8 years 6 months 3 days
[custom:OutstandingOptionsNumber161To193-0] | shares	435,000
[custom:OutstandingOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue161To193-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:OutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears161To193]	6 years 6 months 10 days
[custom:ExercisableOptionsNumber161To193-0] | shares	435,000
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice177-0]	$ 1.77
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice161To193-0]	$ 0
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears161To193]	6 years 6 months 10 days
[custom:OutstandingOptionsNumber239-0] | shares	3,369,643
[custom:OutstandingOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue239-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:OutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears239]	3 years 10 months 17 days
[custom:ExercisableOptionsNumber239-0] | shares	3,369,643
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice239-0]	$ 2.39
[custom:ExercisableOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue239-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears239]	3 years 10 months 17 days
[custom:OutstandingOptionsNumber315To326-0] | shares	430,000
[custom:OutstandingOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue315To326-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:OutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears315To326]	1 year 8 months 15 days
[custom:ExercisableOptionsNumber315To326-0] | shares	430,000
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice315To326-0]	$ 3.21
[custom:ExercisableOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValue315To326-0] | $	$ 0
[custom:ExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTermYears315To326]	1 year 8 months 15 days
Outstanding Options Number Total | shares	7,578,393
Outstanding Options Aggregate Intrinsic Value Total | $	$ 67,550
Outstanding Options Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Years Total	6 years
Exercisable Options Number Total | shares	7,578,393
Exercisable Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Total	$ 2.03
Exercisable Options Aggregate Intrinsic Value Total | $	$ 67,550
Exercisable Options Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Years Total	6 years
Range 99to 128 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 1.07
Range 160to 160 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.60
Range 161to 193 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.77
Range 239 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	2.39
Range 315to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	3.21
Range 99to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	2.03
Minimum [Member] | Range 99to 128 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	0.99
Minimum [Member] | Range 160to 160 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.60
Minimum [Member] | Range 161to 193 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.61
Minimum [Member] | Range 315to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	3.15
Minimum [Member] | Range 99to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	0.99
Maximum [Member] | Range 99to 128 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.28
Maximum [Member] | Range 161to 193 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	1.93
Maximum [Member] | Range 315to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	3.26
Maximum [Member] | Range 161to 326 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 3.26

XML

Stock Based Compensation Plans: (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
[custom:MaximumNumberOfOptionsAvailableUnderThePlan-0]	9,939,500
[custom:OptionsAvailableForGrant-0]	2,361,107
[custom:OptionExpense]	$ 0	$ 3,930
Amount Payable In Event Of Change Of Control	4,900,000
[custom:AmountPayableInEventOfMilestoneAchievement-0]	$ 2,800,000
[custom:SeveranceLiability-0]			$ 500,000

XML

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the amount that would result from applying Canadian tax rates to net loss before taxes. These differences result from the items noted below: (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Tax Benefit Based On Canadian Tax Rates	$ 273,517	$ 386,347
[custom:IncomeTaxBenefitBasedOnCanadianTaxRatesPercentage]	25.00%	25.00%
Different Tax Rates On Foreign Subsidiaries	$ (43,330)	$ (63,621)
[custom:DifferentTaxRatesOnForeignSubsidiariesPercentage]	(4.00%)	(4.00%)
Nondeductible Expenses	$ (110)	$ (1,256)
[custom:NondeductibleExpensesPercentage]
Change In Valuation Allowance And Other	$ (230,077)	$ (321,470)
[custom:ChangeInValuationAllowanceAndOtherPercentage]	(21.00%)	(21.00%)
Income Tax Benefit	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred income tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards	39,542,640		$ 39,298,070
Property, Plant and Equipment	2,129,380		2,129,038
Other	1,670,947		1,672,940
Total  deferred income tax asset	43,342,967		43,100,048
Valuation allowance	(43,326,316)		(43,090,943)
Deferred income tax assets net of valuation allowance	16,651		9,105
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other	(16,651)		(9,105)
Net deferred income tax asset
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2026	1,932,223
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2027	3,585,953
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2028	13,668,020
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2029	12,953,284
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2030	16,003,062
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2031	17,919,724
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2032	5,199,272
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2033	7,558,671
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2034	8,757,866
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2035	12,501,208
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2036	14,862,621
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2037	11,208,455
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2038	1,072,618
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2039	2,795,550
Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward Expiring 2040	4,155,465
[custom:CanadianTaxLossCarryforwardExpiring2041-0]	15,042,299
[custom:CanadianTaxLossCarryforwardExpiring2042-0]	3,960,052
[custom:CanadianTaxLossCarryforwardExpiring2043-0]	838,094
[custom:UsTaxLossCarryforward-0]	4,947,767
Total Us Tax Loss Carryforward	4,947,767
Total Canadian Tax Loss Carryforward	$ 154,014,437

XML

Income Tax: (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
The Companys Income Tax Receivable		$ 8.1
Proceeds from Income Tax Refunds	$ 0.6