DEBT

Debt consists of the following instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Principal		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Principal		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Bank loans:
PWSC Loan	$	1,877	$	1,877	$	1,856	$	3,917	$	3,917	$	3,829
KWH Loan	9,750		8,880		12,031		—		—		—
	11,627		10,757		13,887		3,917		3,917		3,829
Notes payable:
Mortgage	170,689		179,394		185,368		173,155		182,548		174,265
Flower Note	7,447		7,447		8,269		7,768		7,768		8,565
Net Lease Note	9,000		9,000		9,449		9,000		9,000		9,409
	187,136		195,841		203,086		189,923		199,316		192,239
Subordinated debt	90,500		50,565		50,565		90,500		50,023		50,023
Total	$	289,263	$	257,163	$	267,538	$	284,340	$	253,256	$	246,091

(a) Bank loans:

As part of the acquisition of PWSC on October 12, 2017, the Company borrowed a principal amount of $5.0 million from a bank at a fixed interest rate of 5.0% (the "PWSC Loan"). The carrying value of the PWSC Loan represents its unpaid principal balance. The fair value of the PWSC Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and B minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities. The PWSC Loan was scheduled to mature on October 12, 2022; however, the principal totaling $0.3 million was fully repaid on January 30, 2020.

As part of the acquisition of Geminus on March 1, 2019, the Company formed Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC ("KWH") and contributed IWS and Trinity to KWH, which then borrowed a principal amount of $10.0 million from a bank at an annual interest rate equal to LIBOR plus 9.25% (the "KWH Loan"), using most of the proceeds to acquire Geminus. The KWH Loan matures on March 1, 2024. As part of the KWH Loan, KWH also issued warrants (the "KWH Warrants") to the lender exercisable to purchase an aggregate 1.25% membership interest in KWH. The Company allocated $0.4 million of the KWH loan proceeds to a liability, recorded as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, to reflect the estimated fair value of the KWH Warrants, as the warrants contain a put right exercisable by the holder. Changes in the estimated fair value of the KWH Warrants are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the KWH Loan issuance costs of $1.0 million specifically related to the KWH Loan. The KWH Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the discount using the effective interest rate method. The fair value of the KWH Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities. The KWH Loan is secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of KWH and its subsidiaries.

(b) Notes payable:

As part of the acquisition of CMC Industries, Inc. ("CMC") in July 2016, the Company assumed a mortgage, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Mortgage"). The Mortgage is nonrecourse indebtedness with respect to CMC and its subsidiaries, and the Mortgage is not, nor will it be, guaranteed by Kingsway or its affiliates. The Mortgage was recorded at its estimated fair value of $191.7 million, which included the unpaid principal amount of $180.0 million as of the date of acquisition plus a premium of $11.7 million. The Mortgage matures on May 15, 2034 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.07%. The Mortgage is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the premium using the effective interest rate method. The fair value of the Mortgage disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of A-rated industrial bonds with similar maturities.

On January 5, 2015, Flower Portfolio 001, LLC ("Flower") assumed a $9.2 million mortgage in conjunction with the purchase of investment real estate properties, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Flower Note"). The Flower Note requires monthly payments of principal and interest and is secured by certain investments of Flower. The Flower Note matures on December 10, 2031 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.81%. The carrying value of the Flower Note at September 30, 2019 of $7.4 million represents its unpaid principal balance. The fair value of the Flower Note disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of A and B rated industrial bonds with similar maturities.

On October 15, 2015, Net Lease assumed a $9.0 million mezzanine debt in conjunction with the purchase of investment real estate properties, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Net Lease Note"). The Net Lease Note requires monthly payments of interest and is secured by certain investments of Net Lease. The Net Lease Note matures on November 1, 2020 and has a fixed interest rate of 10.25%. The carrying value of the Net Lease Note at September 30, 2019 of $9.0 million represents its unpaid principal balance. The fair value of the Net Lease Note disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and B minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities.

The subordinated debt is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. See Note 21, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," for further discussion of the subordinated debt. Of the $0.5 million increase in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, $2.6 million is reported as change in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, partially offset by $2.1 million reported as gain on change in fair value of debt in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company gave notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters, pursuant to the contractual terms of its outstanding Trust Preferred indentures, which permit interest deferral. This action does not constitute a default under the Company's Trust Preferred indentures or any of its other debt indentures. At September 30, 2019, deferred interest payable of $7.4 million is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Subordinated debt consists of the following trust preferred debt instruments:



Issuer	Principal (in thousands)		Issue date	Interest	Redemption date
Kingsway CT Statutory Trust I	$	15,000	12/4/2002	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 4.00% payable quarterly	12/4/2032
Kingsway CT Statutory Trust II	$	17,500	5/15/2003	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 4.10% payable quarterly	5/15/2033
Kingsway CT Statutory Trust III	$	20,000	10/29/2003	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 3.95% payable quarterly	10/29/2033
Kingsway DE Statutory Trust III	$	15,000	5/22/2003	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 4.20% payable quarterly	5/22/2033
Kingsway DE Statutory Trust IV	$	10,000	9/30/2003	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 3.85% payable quarterly	9/30/2033
Kingsway DE Statutory Trust VI	$	13,000	12/16/2003	annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 4.00% payable quarterly	1/8/2034