10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to _______

Commission File Number: 001-35737

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 94-3306718  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(240) 497-9024

(Registrant's telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x       No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.        ¨

As of August 21, 2017, the total number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was 295,253,044.

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the six months ended June 30, 2017	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		33
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	33
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Item 5.	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	35
SIGNATURES		36

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	22	$	6,186
Restricted cash - interest payments held in escrow		-		685
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		797		1,013
Total current assets		819		7,884
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		224		315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)		46,221		44,559
Other assets		119		148
Total non-current assets		46,564		45,022
Total assets	$	47,383	$	52,906
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	16,149	$	13,239
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties		21,373		23,393
Convertible notes, net		3,495		10,960
Notes payable, net		5,661		2,450
Notes payable to related party		2,170		310
Share settled debt, at fair value (in default)		4,749		5,200
Environmental remediation liability		6,200		6,200
Warrant liability		6,878		4,862
Mortgage loan, net		6,115		9,791
Total current liabilities		72,790		76,405

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	June 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Non-current liabilities:
Note payable, net of current portion, net		-			3,000
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion, net		5,383			-
Mortgage loan, net of current portion, net		4,453			-
Total non-current liabilities		9,836			3,000
Total liabilities		82,626			79,405
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 40,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively		-			-
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 450,000,000 shares authorized; 237,322,805 and 157,028,270 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively		237			157
Additional paid-in capital		702,661			686,972
Accumulated deficit		(738,349	)		(715,476	)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain		208			1,848
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)		(35,243	)		(26,499	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	47,383		$	52,906

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues:
Research and other	$	88		$	157		$	156		$	393
Total revenues		88			157			156			393
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development		5,466			8,713			10,501			22,153
General and administrative		3,284			1,926			6,289			5,261
Legal expenses		2,003			4,541			5,935			5,481
Total operating costs and expenses		10,753			15,180			22,725			32,895
Loss from operations		(10,665	)		(15,023	)		(22,569	)		(32,502	)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		6,457			3,930			7,896			17,455
Loss from extinguishment of debt		(7,007	)		-			(8,542	)		-
Interest expense		(1,308	)		(729	)		(2,502	)		(1,447	)
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)		2,270			(2,353	)		2,844			(3,787	)
Net loss	$	(10,253	)	$	(14,175	)	$	(22,873	)	$	(20,281	)
Deemed dividend related to warrant modification		-			(2,640	)		-			(2,640	)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(10,253	)	$	(16,815	)	$	(22,873	)	$	(22,921	)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.23	)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share		208,458			103,831			185,108			100,782

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net loss	$	(10,253	)	$	(14,175	)	$	(22,873	)	$	(20,281	)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(1,326	)		537			(1,640	)		1,037
Total comprehensive loss	$	(11,579	)	$	(13,638	)	$	(24,513	)	$	(19,244	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands) 

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Cumulative Translation			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Par value		Capital			Deficit			Adjustment			Equity (Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2017		157,027	$	157	$	686,972		$	(715,476	)	$	1,848		$	(26,499	)
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $6.4 million warrant liability)		20,229		20		1,369			-			-			1,389
Offering cost related to registered direct offering		-		-		(693	)		-			-			(693	)
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering  (net of $0.3 million warrant liability)		3,611		4		228			-			-			232
Warrants exercised for cash		10,000		10		90			-			-			100
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		-		-		1,847			-			-			1,847
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock		3,500		3		448			-			-			451
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest		35,866		36		6,230			-			-			6,266
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes		7,090		7		2,047			-			-			2,054
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.		-		-		3,750			-			-			3,750
Stock-based compensation		-		-		373			-			-			373
Net loss		-		-		-			(22,873	)		-			(22,873	)
Cumulative translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			(1,640	)		(1,640	)
Balance at June 30, 2017		237,323	$	237	$	702,661		$	(738,349	)	$	208		$	(35,243	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2017			2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$	(22,873	)	$	(20,281	)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		100			80
Amortization of debt discount		687			431
Non-cash interest expense		348			-
Change in fair value of derivatives		(7,896	)		(17,455	)
Loss from extinguishment of debt		8,092			-
Stock-based compensation		373			12
Stock issued to Cognate BioServices under Cognate Agreements		-			2,277
Subtotal of non-cash charges		1,704			(14,655	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		212			337
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		3,222			628
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,730			2,121
Other non-current assets		29			49
Net cash used in operating activities		(15,976	)		(31,801	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(9	)		(4,303	)
Refund of leasehold improvement related to UK construction		220			-
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		211			(4,303	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in a registered direct offering		7,760			10,000
Offering cost related to registered direct offering		(693	)		(756	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in private offering		553			-
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		100			4,235
Offering cost related to warrants exercise		-			(341	)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net		3,973			-
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to related party		2,740			-
Repayment of notes payable to related parties		(880	)		-
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net		1,604			-
Repayment of convertible notes payable		(3,258	)		-
Net cash provided by financing activities		11,899			13,138
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(2,983	)		3,021
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(6,849	)		(19,945	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period		6,871			23,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	$	22		$	3,103
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments on mortgage loan	$	(658	)	$	(920	)
Interest payments on senior convertible note	$	(485	)	$	(275	)
Interest payments on notes payable to related party	$	(47	)	$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Continued)

(in thousands)

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	$	451	$	-
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	$	5,462	$	-
Exchange 2014 Senior Convertible Notes and accrued interest for secured convertible note	$	5,175	$	-
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	$	1,847	$	-
Issuance of warrants in conjunction with note payable	$	83	$	-
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	$	3,750	$	-
Embedded conversion features with issuance of secured convertible notes	$	1,826	$	-
Accrued renewal fee incurred from mortgage loan	$	-	$	301
Deemed dividend related to modification of warrant	$	-	$	2,640
VAT receivables related to UK property	$	-	$	408

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries NW Bio Gmbh, and Aracaris Capital, Ltd (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer.

The Company is developing an experimental dendritic cell vaccine using its platform technology known as DCVax. DCVax is currently being tested for use in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

Cognate BioServices, Inc. (“Cognate BioServices”), which is a company related by common ownership (Note 9), provides the Company with mission critical contract manufacturing services, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements for clinical grade cellular products. The Company and Cognate BioServices are currently parties to a series of contracts providing for these services as more fully described below. The Company is dependent on Cognate BioServices to provide the manufacturing services, and any interruption of such services could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to proceed with its clinical trials. Cognate BioServices’ manufacturing facility for clinical-grade cellular products is located in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, a Cognate affiliate in the UK (which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices) is preparing for production of DCVax-L products there.

Although there are many contract manufacturers for small molecule drugs and for biologics, there are only a few contract manufacturers in the U.S., and even fewer in Europe, that specialize in producing living cell products and that have a track record of success with regulatory authorities. The manufacturing of living cell products is highly specialized and entirely different than production of biologics: the physical facilities and equipment are different, the types of personnel and skill sets are different, and the processes are different. The regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and cellular products are especially challenging and are one of the most frequent reasons for the development of a company’s cellular products to be put on clinical hold (i.e., stopped by regulatory authorities).

In addition, the Company’s programs require a large amount of capacity in these specialized manufacturing facilities. The Company’s products are fully personalized and not made in standardized batches: the Company’s products are made on demand, patient by patient, on an as needed basis.

2. Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company used approximately $16.0 million and $31.8 million of cash in its operating activities, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company raised approximately $16.0 million in equity and debt securities to fund its operations, and raised an additional $5 million from a third party who retired the 2014 Notes on the Company’s behalf (see Note 7 for further details). As expected for a company that is pre-revenue, the Company incurred a net loss of $10.3 million and $22.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company had current assets of $0.8 million and a working capital deficit of approximately $72.0 million at June 30, 2017. The Company owed an aggregate of $21.4 million of trade liabilities to related parties as of June 30, 2017 (after waiver by such related parties during this period of $3.75 million of payables owed to them by the Company).

The Company has not yet generated any material revenue from the sale of its products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to R&D and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues.  Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations.  If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses, net operating cash flow deficits, and an accumulated deficit, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade, and so the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company did not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

10

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the six months ended June 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of June 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are currently pending. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein.      

11

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. 

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

12

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Warrants Granted in 2017

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 94,703,000 warrants (the “Warrants”) to multiple investors (the “Holders”). Since the Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy (see Note 3), the warrants were classified as liabilities and measured at fair value on the grant date, with changes in fair value recognized as other income on the statements of operations and disclosed in the financial statements as long as the contracts remain classified as liabilities.

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt
Strike price	$	0.51		$	0.39		$	0.18
Contractual term (years)		2.3			2.3			2.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		109	%		112	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

Embedded Conversion Features

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded approximately $4.3 million of derivative liabilities, which were related to the embedded conversion features of certain convertible notes as of the issuance date.

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	6,878	$	-	$	-	$	6,878
Embedded conversion feature		2,075		-		-		2,075
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,749		-		-		4,749
Total fair value	$	13,702	$	-	$	-	$	13,702

13

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

In accordance with ASC 820, the development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant			Embedded			Share-settled
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Debt (in Default)			Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862		$	-		$	5,200		$	10,062
Warrants granted		9,572			-			-			9,572
Issuance of convertible notes		-			4,262			-			4,262
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(1,847	)		-			-			(1,847	)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-			-			(451	)		(451	)
Change in fair value		(5,709	)		(2,187	)		-			(7,896	)
Balance – June 30, 2017	$	6,878		$	2,075		$	4,749		$	13,702

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.41		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.4			1.9			4.7
Volatility (annual)		98	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

14

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

5. Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

Property and equipment consist of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	June 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69		$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25			25
Computer equipment and software		635			626
		729			720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(505	)		(405	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		224			315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)		46,221			44,559
	$	46,445		$	44,874

* Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

Depreciation expenses were approximately $100,000 and $80,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

6. Stock-based Compensation

On June 13, 2017, the Company granted options (the “Options”) to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to Dr. Marnix Bosch, the Chief Technical Officer of the Company, and Dr. Alton Boynton, the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The Options were granted pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan provides for awards of various types of equity securities (including common stock, restricted stock units, options and/or other derivative securities) to employees and directors of the Company.

Dr. Bosch received Options exercisable for 7,940,182 Shares and Dr. Boynton received Options exercisable for 3,402,935 Shares. The Options are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per share, and have a 5-year exercise period. The Options granted to Dr. Bosch and Dr. Boynton are subject to vesting requirements. 50% of the Options vested on the grant date, and 50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551		$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343			0.25		-		5.0
Forfeited/expired		(238	)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		12,656		$	1.32		-		4.6
Options vested and exercisable		6,546		$	1.63	$	-		4.5

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	For the Six Months
	Ended
	June 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%

15

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of $373,000, which was included as part of research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The weighted average grant date fair value was approximately $0.7 million and the unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $0.3 million as of June 30, 2017, and will be recognized over the next 2.2 years. The Company records the forfeitures, if any, when such forfeitures occur.

The risk-free rate is based on the rate of U.S Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option grants. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock using the daily closing price of the Company’s common stock. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding.

7. Outstanding Debt

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated							Remaining					Fair Value of
		Interest			Conversion				Debt			Debt		Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount			Premium		Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09		135		-			-		-		135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default		10	%	$	0.26		1,578		-			-		14		1,592
18% unsecured (3)	In Default		18	%	$	0.26		1,183		-			348		237		1,768
								2,896		-			348		251		3,495
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (4)	Various		8	%		N/A		5,620		(400	)		-		-		5,220
0% unsecured (5)	9/1/2017		0	%		N/A		226		(2	)		-		-		224
12% unsecured (5)	On Demand		12	%		N/A		300		(83	)		-		-		217
								6,146		(485	)		-		-		5,661
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (6)	On Demand		10	%		N/A		2,170		-			-		-		2,170
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.16		4,749		-			-		-		4,749
Short term mortgage loan	11/16/2017		12	%		N/A		6,225		(110	)		-		-		6,115
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (8)	6/21/2020		12	%	$	0.50		6,000		(2,443	)		-		1,826		5,383
Long term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018		12	%		N/A		4,478		(25	)		-		-		4,453
Ending balance as of June 30, 2017								32,664		(3,063	)		348		2,077		32,026

16

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

		Stated							Remaining
		Interest			Conversion				Debt			Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount			Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-		$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (8)	8/15/2017		5	%	$	6.60		11,000		(175	)		10,825
								11,135		(175	)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10%  unsecured (2)	11/4/2017		10	%		N/A		2,450		-			2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		10	%		N/A		50		-			50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		12	%		N/A		260		-			260
								310		-			310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.35		5,200		-			5,200
Mortgage loan	11/16/17 & 8/13/17		12	%		N/A		10,156		(365	)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (4)	6/30/2018		8	%		N/A		3,310		(310	)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016							$	32,561	$	(850	)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents. 

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreement (“the Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term.

On April 12, 2017, the Company entered a note amendment (“the Amendment”) with the Holder. The maturity date was amended to June 30, 2017, and the Holder was granted an option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.4 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were valued at fair value of $14,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On May 22, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert approximately $872,000 principal and $128,000 accrued interest of the Notes into 5,555,556 shares of common stock at fair value of $0.16, and 8,333,334 warrants at fair value of $0.11 using Black-Scholes model. The Company recorded approximately $349,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(3) On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “OID Notes”) with unrelated third parties (the “Holders”) in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate.

On April 10, 2017, the Company entered into multiple note amendments (“the Amendment”) with the OID Notes holders. The maturity date was amended to June 10, 2017, and the Holders were granted the option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at the conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.0 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of the embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were revalued at fair value of $237,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the OID Notes holders.

The Company accrued an additional $348,000 debt premium on the prepaid portion and any unpaid portion of the OID Notes after the maturity date pursuant to the default provision.

17

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

(4) During six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $186,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3,310,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Note was approximately $214,000 as of June 30, 2017.

(5) On June 29, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor for the amount of $300,000. The Note bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued 833,333 warrants with a strike price of $0.18 in conjunction the note. The Company recorded $84,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

On March 1, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor in the original principal amount of $226,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for net proceeds of $220,000 with no stated interest rate.

(6) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice by Mr. Goldman to the Company.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. In June 2017, the Company repaid $150,000 of the Toucan Notes.

Board of Directors Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(7) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $0.5 million of outstanding share-settled debt.

(8) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments was completed during the six months ended June 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

18

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7,089,860 common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated institutional investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $350,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $325,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of June 30, 2017 was $6.0 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. The was no change in fair value from these embedded conversion features from June 21, 2017 to June 30, 2017.

(9) The mortgage loan, which was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018.

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	39	$	137	$	424	$	274
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		70		175		140
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		39		207		599		414
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		245		38		389		76
Additional debt premium		348		-		348		-
Amortization of debt discount		190		-		270		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		783		38		1,007		76
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		360		332		649		665
Amortization of debt issuance costs		123		152		242		291
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		483		484		891		956
Other interest expenses		3		-		5		1
Total interest expense	$	1,308	$	729	$	2,502	$	1,447

19

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

8. Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,554		23,276
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		84,135		21,169
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		30,932		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		27,501		1,764
Potentially dilutive securities		192,778		47,760

9. Related Party Transactions

Cognate BioServices, Inc.

Cognate Expenses and Accounts Payable

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company owed Cognate $21.4 million (after waiver of $3.75 million by Cognate as described below) and $23.4 million, respectively, for unpaid invoices for manufacturing and related services.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Cognate waived its right to receive payment of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate $21.4 million for unpaid invoices as of June 30, 2017. 

Overall, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $2.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials. 

Overall, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $5.2 million and $16.6 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials.  The substantial reduction in costs related to Cognate BioServices relates in part to reduction in clinical trial related activity and in part to an arrangement being tested under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually.

Cognate Organization

Pursuant to an institutional financing of Cognate in October 2016, Cognate’s operations outside the US were separated from its operations in the US. The operations outside the US include Cognate BioServices GmbH in Germany, Advent BioServices, Ltd (formerly called Cognate BioServices Ltd.) in the UK, and Cognate Israel in Israel. Both Cognate BioServices, Inc. in the US and the Cognate affiliates outside the US are owned by Toucan Capital Fund III. The Cognate affiliates in Germany and Israel are in the process of being wound down, and manufacturing and related activities are being expanded and consolidated in the U.K. Approximately $1.5 and $2.3 million of the total research and development cost related to Cognate entities outside the US are included in the overall amounts reported with respect to Cognate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

20

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Other Related Parties

Leslie J. Goldman - Demand Loans

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum.  

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Mr. Goldman loaned the Company an additional $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). These Goldman Notes bear interest at the rate of 10% per annum and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017.

Toucan Capital III Fund - Demand Loans

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

In June 2017, the Company made repayment of $150,000 toward the Toucan Notes.

Various Related Parties - Demand Loans

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

10. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock Issuances

First Quarter of 2017

Public Offering

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with institutional investors for a registered direct offering with gross proceeds of $7.5 million. The Company issued 18.8 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.26 per share, or pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares.  Additionally, the investors received 5 year Class A warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, 3 month Class B warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, and a pre-paid 3 month Class C warrant to purchase up to approximately 10.0 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, of which $0.25 per share was pre-paid at the time of closing and another $0.01 per share is payable upon exercise of each Class C Warrant. Total warrants issued in March 2017 have value of approximately $6.2 million.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,100,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $31,000. All of these 3,100,000 shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was $713,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

On March 10, 2017, the Company issued 4,039,860 shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible notes as additional consideration to enter into a payment plan and extend the debt payment. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $1.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

21

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Share-settled Debt

On March 30, 2017, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Second Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued 1,384,615 shares of common stock at a price of $0.26 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to 1,038,461 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.26 per share (the “Class A Warrants”) and Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to 1,038,461 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (the “Class B Warrants”). Both the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable immediately. The Class A Warrants are exercisable for five years and the Class B Warrants are exercisable for three months. The Company received gross proceeds of $360,000 from this offering.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued 3,610,452 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.15 per share. The investors also received an aggregate of 3,274,553 warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.33 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $552,000 from this offering.

Debt Conversion

On May 22, 2017, the holders of certain existing notes converted approximately $2.0 million principal amount and accrued interest for 11,137,345 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.18 per share and issued to such investors 8,353,009 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.26 per share for a period of 5 years and 8,353,009 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The difference of $0.7 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

On May 31, 2017, the Company and certain unaffiliated institutional investors (the “Investor”) entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange $3.0 million of the Company’s 2014 Senior Convertible Notes for 20,628,571 shares of common stock, warrants to acquire up to 16,071,428 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.175 per share and exercisable for 2 years from the date of issuance of such warrants, and or 800,000 shares of Common Stock.  The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $0.5 million principal amount and accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,300,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors 2,475,000 Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of $0.4 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,900,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of pre-paid warrants that were issued in March 2017 with an exercise price of $0.26, of which $0.25 was paid in March and $0.01 was paid at the time of exercise, for proceeds of $69,000 at the time of exercise during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  All of these 6,900,000 shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $1.1 million on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

During the three months ended June 30, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,050,000 shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible note as additional consideration to extend the debt payment and to enter into a forbearance agreement. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $0.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

22

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Share-settled Debt

On June 14, 2017, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

As of June 30, 2017, the outstanding share-settled debt was approximately $4.7 million.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of			Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants			Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278		$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted *		96,530			0.48
Warrants exercised for cash		(10,800	)		0.02
Warrants expired and cancellation		(22,319	)		1.24
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		121,689		$	0.98		3.10

* Including approximately 1.0 million ratchet warrants due to the exercise price reset during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

The Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy in the fourth quarter of 2016 requires that all financial instruments issued subsequent to such adoption be treated as a derivative liability. As such, warrants issued in the current period report have been classified as liabilities.

11.   Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary is the party who has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. 

After the assumption of $5.7 million in debt originally incurred by Cognate in October 2016 the Company had an implicit variable interest in Cognate to potentially fund Cognate’s losses (if Cognate incurs losses).  The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate upon its initial involvement and the Company reassess whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate on an ongoing basis.  The determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of Cognate is based upon the facts and circumstances and requires significant judgment.  The Company’s considerations in determining Cognate’s most significant activities and whether the Company has power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, Cognate’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the equity ownership and voting interests of Cognate, management, service and/or other agreements of Cognate, involvement in Cognate’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees.  As of June 30, 2017, the Company does not have the power over the most significant activities (control of operating decisions) and therefore does not meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary.

The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the notional amounts of the implicit variable interest in Cognate.  The Company has no current plans to provide any support additional to that which is noted above.  Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss from its implicit interest is limited to $4.5 million as of June 30, 2017; which is the shutdown fee the Company must pay to terminate their relationship with Cognate.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Payment to Cognate BioServices

Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension.  Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

23

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or After the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million.

For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.

· After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.

· After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or After the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of June 30, 2017, none of the above fees were triggered.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually.

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit names Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and names the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenges certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On May 19, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement to the court, which is pending court approval. A settlement hearing is currently scheduled for October 17, 2017, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to approve the proposed settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff seeks an award of unspecified damages to the Company and seeks equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also seeks costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys' fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed pending review of the proposed settlement in the Tharp case by the Delaware Court of Chancery. If the settlement in the Tharp case is approved and becomes effective, then the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case.

24

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The complaint seeks the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. The parties are currently engaged in settlement negotiations, and the plaintiff has filed an unopposed motion to stay the deadlines in the case pending the court’s review of an anticipated motion for preliminary settlement approval.

Class Action Securities Litigation

On August 26, 2015, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Lerner v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., et al., No. 15-02532 (D. Md. filed Aug. 26, 2015). The lawsuit named the Company and Ms. Powers as defendants. On December 14, 2015, the court appointed two lead plaintiffs. The Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on February 12, 2016, purportedly on behalf of all of those who purchased common stock in the Company between January 13, 2014 and August 21, 2015. The amended complaint generally claimed that the defendants violated Section 10(b) and Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by making misleading statements and/or omissions on a variety of subjects, including the status and results of the Company’s DCVax trials. The amended complaint sought unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs. The Company and Ms. Powers filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 21, 2017, the court entered an order dismissing the case, and on April 12, 2017, the Lead Plaintiffs submitted a letter advising the court that they do not intend to file an amended complaint.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported,  the Company has received a number formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages. Unfortunately, the investigation has been costly for the Company, both in terms of professional fees and in distraction of management from operation of the Company and its programs.

Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

On June 22, 2017, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC filed a lawsuit against the Company in the United District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., 1:17-cv-04727-PKC.  Chardan alleges that it provided capital placement agent services to the Company in December 2016 under a contract and that it has not been fully compensated for those services.  Chardan further alleges that it provided additional services to the Company in March 2017 in anticipation of entering into contract and that it received no compensation.  The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and purports to seek “at least” $1 million, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs.  On August 14, 2017, Chardan filed a notice of motion for default judgment in the amount of $446,000, plus prejudgment interest.  The Company intends to vigorously defend the case. 

25

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

13. Subsequent Events

During July and August, 2017, the Company raised additional gross funding of $4.6 million through financing transactions as detailed in the following disclosures.

Public and Private Offering

On July 11, 2017, the Company sold to an unaffiliated investor 200,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.16 per share and issued to such investor 150,000 Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years for an aggregate of $32,000.

On August 1, 2017, the Company entered into a $1 million financing in which it sold to an unaffiliated investor 5.0 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.20 per share and issued to such investor 2.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.23 per share for a period of two years, and 2.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.30 per share for a period of two years.

Debt Offering

During July and August 2017, the Company entered into multiple demand note agreements with investors for total proceeds of $0.9 million.

Warrants Exercised for Cash and Warrants Modification

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a $2.7 million financing with an institutional health care investor holding Class B Warrants exercisable for 13,527,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company, in which the investor exercised its Class B Warrants in full in return for amendment of the investor’s Class B Warrants to reduce the exercise from $1.00 to $0.20 per share, as set forth in a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement. The Class B Warrants were originally issued on March 17, 2017 with an exercise period of 90 days, and the exercise period was previously extended to August 24, 2017. Also in consideration for the investor’s exercise in full of the Class B Warrants, the Company agreed to issue to the investor new Series A Warrants exercisable for the purchase of 13,527,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years.

Cashless Warrants Exercise

On July 17, 2017, holders of 16,071,428 Class A warrants of the Company exercised such warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for the delivery of 6,939,934 shares of the Company’s common stock.

On July 17, 2017, the Company extended the expiration date of 1,038,460 Class B warrants of the Company, having an exercise price of $1.00, from July 17, 2017 to October 17, 2017.

Debt Conversions

On July 17, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.6 million principal amount and $36,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by unaffiliated investors for 10,086,853 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.16 per share and issued to such investors 7,565,139 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.18 per share for a period of 5 years and 7,565,139 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days.

On July 10, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $412,000 principal amount of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,335,730 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.12 per share.

On August 1, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.2 million principal amount, $407,000 premium amount, and $39,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by certain unaffiliated investors for 9,059,107 shares of its Common Stock at a price of $0.18 per share. The Company also issued to such investors 13,588,663 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.18 per share for a period of 5 years and 6,794,333 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days.

On August 4, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.0 million principal amount of multiple notes held by certain unaffiliated investors for 5.0 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.20 per share. The Company also issued to such investors 2,442,890 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.23 per share for a period of 2 years and 2,442,890 Class B warrants with exercise price of $0.30 per share for a period of 2 years.

Share-settled Debt

From July to August, the Company issued 3,500,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. Such common shares were not sold by the Holder as of June 30, 2017. Therefore the Company didn’t reduce the share-settled debt balance upon issuance of such shares. 

Shares for Services

On July 6, 2017, as compensation for services as a Director, the Company issued 1,312,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.16 to a designee of Robert Farmer. On July 22, 2017 Robert Farmer passed away. 

26

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included with this report. In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements, but some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. Many factors could affect our actual results, including those factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in Part II Item 1A of this report. These factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those presently anticipated by us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

The Company is focused on developing personalized immune therapies for cancer. We have developed a platform technology, DCVax, which uses activated dendritic cells to mobilize a patient's own immune system to attack their cancer.

The Company’s lead product, DCVax®-L, is designed to treat solid tumor cancers in which the tumor can be surgically removed. This product in an ongoing Phase III trial for newly diagnosed Glioblastome multiforme (GBM). 331 patients have been enrolled in the trial, and enrollment is closed. The Company is continuing to collect data “events” in the Phase III trial, and the data set is gradually maturing. The Company is also working on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-L for other indications.

The Company’s second product, DCVax®-Direct, is designed to treat inoperable solid tumors. A 40-patient Phase I trial has been completed, and included treatment of a diverse range of cancers. The Company is working on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-Direct.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was $3.7 million and $14.2 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was approximately $16.0 million and $31.8 million, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes (the Whitebox bonds), as well as $660,000 of interest payments and $450,000 of cash forbearance payments (in addition to stock forbearance payments) related to those 2014 Notes, was completed through a series of transactions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we completed equity and debt financings (including the exchange of the 2014 convertible notes) totaling $21.2 million. 

During July and August, 2017, the Company raised additional gross funding of $4.64 million through financing transactions.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate BioServices of $0.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively. Also during the three months ended June 30, 2017, Cognate waived $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate $21.4 million for unpaid invoices as of June 30, 2017.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed substantially from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

27

Results of Operations

Operating costs:

Operating costs and expenses consist primarily of research and development expenses, including clinical trial expenses which increase when we are actively participating in clinical trials and especially when we are in a large ongoing international phase III trial. The associated administrative expenses also increase as such operating activities grow.

In addition to clinical trial related costs, our operating costs may include ongoing work relating to our DCVax products, including R&D, product characterization, and related matters. Going forward, we will also have to undertake process validation work.

Our operating costs also include the costs of preparations for the launch of new or expanded clinical trial programs, such as our planned Phase II clinical trials. The preparation costs include payments to regulatory consultants, lawyers, statisticians, sites and others, evaluation of potential investigators, the clinical trial sites and the CROs managing the trials and other service providers, and expenses related to institutional approvals, clinical trial agreements (business contracts with sites), training of medical and other site personnel, trial supplies and other. Additional substantial costs relate to the maintenance of manufacturing capacity, in both the US and Europe.

Our operating costs also include significant legal and accounting costs in operating the Company.

Research and development:

Discovery and preclinical research and development expenses include costs for substantial external scientific personnel, technical and regulatory advisers, and others, costs of laboratory supplies used in our internal research and development projects, travel, regulatory compliance, and expenditures for preclinical and clinical trial operation and management when we are actively engaged in clinical trials.

Because we are a pre-revenue company, we do not allocate research and development costs on a project basis. We adopted this policy, in part, due to the unreasonable cost burden associated with accounting at such a level of detail and our limited number of financial and personnel resources.

General and administrative:

General and administrative expenses include administrative personnel related salary and benefit expenses, cost of facilities, insurance, travel, legal fees and expenses, property and equipment and amortization of stock options and warrants.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016

For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was $3.7 million and $14.2 million, respectively. The cash expenditures in the three months ended June 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net loss was $10.3 million and $14.2 million, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, research and development expense (cash and non-cash expenses combined) was $5.5 million and $8.7 million, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in cash and non-cash manufacturing and services costs for Cognate.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate of approximately $0.3 million and $4.8 million to Cognate, respectively. At June 30, 2017, we owed Cognate $21.4 million (after waiver by Cognate, during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017), for unpaid invoices for DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative and legal expense were $5.3 million (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 versus $6.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in legal expenses. We incurred legal expenses of $2.0 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 we recognized a non-cash gain of $6.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The non-cash gain was due to the decrease of our stock price for both periods.

28

Interest Expense

Interest expense (including non-cash elements such as amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost) was $1.3 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The change is due to the increase in the outstanding debt balance as of June 30, 2017 versus June 30, 2016.

Debt Extinguishment Loss

Due to the multiple debt conversations during the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized a $7.0 million loss from the extinguishment of debt.

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized foreign currency transaction gains of $2.3 million and a $2.4 million loss, respectively. The 2017 gain was due to the strengthening of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar during the three months ended June 30, 2017. The 2016 loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling during the three months ended June 30, 2016.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized a net loss of $22.9 million and a net loss of $20.3 million, respectively. Net cash used in operations was $16.0 million and $31.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The cash expenditures in the six months ended June 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, was $10.5 million and $22.2 million, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of approximately $11.7 million of non-cash manufacturing and services costs to Cognate.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate of approximately $3.5 million, and $10.1 million, respectively. At June 30, 2017, we owed Cognate $21.4 million (after waiver by Cognate, during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017) for unpaid invoices for DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative and legal expense were $12.2 million (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 versus $10.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was due to an increase in legal fees and expenses. We incurred legal expenses of $5.9 million and $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 we recognized a non-cash gain of $7.9 million and $17.5 million, respectively. The non-cash gains were due to the decrease of our stock price for both periods.

Interest Expense

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, interest expense (including non-cash elements such as amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost) was $2.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The change is due to the increase in outstanding debt balance as of June 30, 2017 versus June 30, 2016.

Debt Extinguishment Loss

Due to the multiple debt conversations during the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized a $8.5 million loss from the extinguishment of debt.

29

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized foreign currency transaction gain of $2.8 million and a foreign currency transaction loss of $3.8 million, respectively. The 2017 gain was due to the strengthening of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar during the three months ended June 30, 2017. The 2016 loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling during the three months ended June 30, 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have experienced recurring losses from operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we completed equity and debt financings (including the exchange of the 2014 convertible notes) totaling $21.2 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $16.0 million and $31.8 million, respectively. The net cash outflows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

At June 30, 2017, current assets totaled $0.8 million, compared to $7.9 million at December 31, 2016. Current assets less current liabilities produces working capital deficit (cash and non-cash liabilities combined) in the amount of $72.0 million at June 30, 2017 (with $9.0 million of the $72.0 million deficit comprised of non-cash derivative liabilities and $6.2 million comprised of an estimated liability for future environmental costs), compared to a deficit of $68.5 million at December 31, 2016, as described above.

Contingent Contractual Payment

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2017 (amount in thousands):

	Payment Due by Period
			Less than		1 to 2
	Total		1 Year		Years
Short term convertible notes payable (1)
10% unsecured and interest		1,614		1,614		-
18% unsecured and interest		1,631		1,631		-
Short term notes payable (2)
0% unsecured and interest		226		226		-
8% unsecured and interest		5,941		5,941		-
12% unsecured (on demand)		300		300		-
Short term notes payable - related parties (3)
10% unsecured - Related Parties (on demand)		2,170		2,170		-
Long term convertible notes payable (4)
12% secured convertible notes and interest		8,160		-		8,160
Share-settled debt, at fair value (5)		4,751		4,751		-
Mortgage loan and interest (6)		11,081		11,081		-
Operating leases (7)		411		411		-
Purchase obligations (8)
Total	$	36,285	$	28,125	$	8,160

(1) The obligations related to short term convertible notes were approximately $3.2 million as of June 30, 2017, which included a debt premium of $0.4 million pursuant to the original term.

(2) The obligations related to short term notes were approximately $6.5 million as of June 30, 2017, which included remaining contractual unpaid interest of $0.3 million.

(3) The obligations related to short term notes to related parties were approximately $2.2 million as of June 30, 2017, which included loans of $50,000 from Cofer Black, a Company Director; $125,000 from Jerry Jasinowski, a Company Director; $125,000 from Robert Farmer, a Company Director; $850,000 from Leslie Goldman, an officer of the Company, and $1.17 million from Toucan Capital Fund III.

(4) The obligations related to long term convertible notes were approximately $8.2 million as of June 30, 2017, which included $2.2 million unpaid interest. The convertible notes will be due in June 2020.

(5) The share settled debt included $4.8 million principal balance and $0.2 million accrued interest as of June 30, 2017.

(6) The mortgage loan contains approximately $10.1 million principal, $0.6 million renewal fee and exit fee which will be due at end of the loan term, and $0.4 million of remaining interest payments.

(7) The operating leases obligations during the next 2 years included $240,000, $35,000 and $136,000 to our office in Maryland, Germany and London, respectively.

30

(8) We have possible contingent obligations to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if we shut down or suspend its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  These obligations are not reflected in the accompanying balance sheets. For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or after the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million

For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.

· After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.

· After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or after the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of June 30, 2017, none of the contingent payments described above had been triggered.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, we are required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually.

Operating Activities

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $3.7 million and $14.2 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $16.0 million and $31.8 million, respectively.

Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we received a $0.2 million cash refund from certain vendors relating to the UK facility leasehold improvements.

During the six months end June 30, 2016, we used $4.3 million to capitalize costs related to the UK facility.

Financing Activities

We received approximately $7.1 million and $9.2 million in cash proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in the registered direct offering during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We received approximately $0.6 million in cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants in private offerings during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

We received approximately $0.1 million and $3.9 million cash proceeds from exercise of warrants during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We received approximately $8.3 million in cash proceeds from issuance of multiple debts to third parties and related parties during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

We made aggregate debt payments of $4.1 million, including a $0.9 million payment to related parties during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

31

Our financial statements indicate there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as we are dependent on our ability to obtain ongoing financing and ultimately to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our obligations on a timely basis. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade.  However, we can give no assurance that our plans and efforts to achieve the above steps will be successful.

Other factors affecting our ongoing funding requirements include the number of staff we employ, the number of active sites and number of patients still undergoing treatment in our Phase III brain cancer trial, the costs of further product and process development work relating to our DCVax products, the costs of preparations for multiple Phase II trials, the costs of expansion of manufacturing, and unanticipated developments. The extent of resources available to us will determine which programs can move forward and at what pace.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may result from the change in value of financial instruments due to fluctuations in its market price. Market risk is inherent in all financial instruments. Market risk may be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to derivatives, debt and equity linked instruments related to our financing activities.

Our assets and liabilities are overwhelmingly denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not use foreign currency contracts or other derivative instruments to manage changes in currency rates. We do not now, nor do we plan to, use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. However, these circumstances might change.

The primary quantifiable market risk associated with our financial instruments is sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk represents the potential loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. We use an interest rate sensitivity simulation to assess our interest rate risk exposure. For purposes of presenting the possible earnings effect of a hypothetical, adverse change in interest rates over the 12-month period from our reporting date, we assume that all interest rate sensitive financial instruments will be impacted by a hypothetical, immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of the beginning of the period. The sensitivity is based upon the hypothetical assumption that all relevant types of interest rates that affect our results would increase instantaneously, simultaneously and to the same degree. We do not believe that our cash and equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity.

The sensitivity analyses of the interest rate sensitive financial instruments are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 1% or 2% variation in an estimate generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the estimate to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular estimate on the fair value of financial instruments is calculated independent of changes in any other estimate; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another factor, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analyses do not consider any action that we may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key estimates.

Based on our analysis, as of June 30, 2017, the effect of a 100+/- basis point change in interest rates on the value of our financial instruments and the resultant effect on our net loss are considered immaterial.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Certain of our Company’s finance and accounting functions are performed by an external firm on a contract services basis. This firm specializes in providing finance and accounting functions for biotech companies, and the founders and senior managers are highly experienced former partners of national accounting firms. Further, the Company is engaged with a second external firm: one that specializes in Sarbanes-Oxley matters and helping public companies improve their disclosure controls and procedures. Together with these two external firms, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our principal executive, financial and accounting officer concluded that during the period covered by this report, our Company’s processes for internally reporting material information in a systematic manner to allow for timely filing of material information were not effective, due to inherent limitations from being a small company, and the three material weaknesses described in our December 31, 2016 Form 10-K remain as of the filing of this form 10-Q.  We continue to implement the enhanced procedures and controls developed during 2016, and we continue to work together with the two external firms to further strengthen our disclosure controls and procedures, and further mitigate the remaining weaknesses.

32

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We continue to make further improvements to our internal controls over financial reporting, in addition to the improvements developed in 2016. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, we implemented enhanced procedures to identify and disclose related party transactions.  These enhanced procedures did not result in identifying any related party transactions other than the ones already known and disclosed. We will continue to take steps to improve our internal control system and to address the remaining deficiencies, but the timing of such steps is uncertain and our ability to retain or attract qualified individuals to undertake these functions is also uncertain.  Other than the enhanced procedures to identify and disclose related party transactions, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit names Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and names the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenges certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On May 19, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement to the court, which is pending court approval. A settlement hearing is currently scheduled for October 17, 2017, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to approve the proposed settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff seeks an award of unspecified damages to the Company and seeks equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also seeks costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys' fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed pending review of the proposed settlement in the Tharp case by the Delaware Court of Chancery. If the settlement in the Tharp case is approved and becomes effective, then the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case.

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The complaint seeks the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. The parties are currently engaged in settlement negotiations, and the plaintiff has filed an unopposed motion to stay the deadlines in the case pending the court’s review of an anticipated motion for preliminary settlement approval.

33

Class Action Securities Litigation

On August 26, 2015, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Lerner v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., et al., No. 15-02532 (D. Md. filed Aug. 26, 2015). The lawsuit named the Company and Ms. Powers as defendants. On December 14, 2015, the court appointed two lead plaintiffs. The Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on February 12, 2016, purportedly on behalf of all of those who purchased common stock in the Company between January 13, 2014 and August 21, 2015. The amended complaint generally claimed that the defendants violated Section 10(b) and Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by making misleading statements and/or omissions on a variety of subjects, including the status and results of the Company’s DCVax trials. The amended complaint sought unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs. The Company and Ms. Powers filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 21, 2017, the court entered an order dismissing the case, and on April 12, 2017, the Lead Plaintiffs submitted a letter advising the court that they do not intend to file an amended complaint.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported,  the Company has received a number formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages. Unfortunately, the investigation has been costly for the Company, both in terms of professional fees and in distraction of management from operation of the Company and its programs.

Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

On June 22, 2017, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC filed a lawsuit against the Company in the United District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., 1:17-cv-04727-PKC.  Chardan alleges that it provided capital placement agent services to the Company in December 2016 under a contract and that it has not been fully compensated for those services.  Chardan further alleges that it provided additional services to the Company in March 2017 in anticipation of entering into contract and that it received no compensation.  The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and purports to seek “at least” $1 million, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs.  On August 14, 2017, Chardan filed a notice of motion for default judgment in the amount of $446,000, plus prejudgment interest.  The Company intends to vigorously defend the case. 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

See risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $453,000 principal amount and $5,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,300,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors 2,475,000 Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

34

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

10.1	Promissory note, dated April 19, 2017, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and the investor named therein*
10.2	Securities Exchange Agreement, dated May 31, 2017, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and the investor named therein (as filed with SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated May 31, 2017)
10.3	Second Supplemental Indenture, dated June 7, 2017, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (as filed with SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated June 7, 2017)
10.4	Securities Exchange Agreement, dated June 21, 2017, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and the investor named therein (as filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated June 27, 2017)
10.5	Note Purchase Agreement, dated June 21, 2017, between Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and the investor named therein (as filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K dated June 27, 2017)

31.1	Certification of President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1	Certification of President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC
Dated: August 21, 2017	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			Principal Executive Officer
			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

36

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

LOAN AGREEMENT and PROMISSORY NOTE

US $_____ April 19, 2017

SECTION 1. GENERAL.

______ (the “Holder”) hereby grants to Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware company (the “Maker” or the “Company”) a loan of Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars (US $______) (the “Principal Amount”) on the terms and conditions set forth in this Loan Agreement and Promissory Note (this “Note”). Holder will deliver the Principal Amount to the Company in US dollars in immediately available funds, at the account notified to Holder by the Company. The Principal Amount will bear interest from the date hereof until repaid, at an annualized rate of ten percent (10%) per annum (the “Interest”). This Note will be payable on demand, in whole or in part at the election of the Holder on one or more occasions, with seven (7) days’ advance written notice from the Holder to the Maker (such date(s) the “Maturity Date(s)”). The Maker will deliver the Principal Amount together with all interest thereon in accordance with the terms hereof (collectively, the “Repayment Amount”) to the Holder in US dollars in immediately available funds, at the account notified to Maker by the Holder.

SECTION 2. PRE-PAYMENT.

This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part prior to the Maturity Date, at the election of the Maker in its discretion. In such event, the effective date of the pre-payment shall be deemed to be the Maturity Date for purposes of determining the Repayment Amount.

SECTION 3. DEFAULT PAYMENT.

Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in Section 4 hereof) after notice and opportunity for cure as provided in Section 15.1 hereof (“Event of Default”), default interest (the “Default Interest”) will become due and payable on any unpaid Repayment Amount (the “Default Principal”). The Default Interest will be assessed on a monthly basis at the end of each month or partial month in which any Default Principal remains outstanding, and will be pro rated if the Default Principal is repaid by the Maker during a month. Such such Default Interest will be payable in addition to the interest payable under Section 1 hereof, and will be equal to an annualized rate of three percent (3%) per annum, provided, however, that such Default Interest will be subject to applicable law. Accrual of such Default Interest will commence upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and will continue until such Event of Default is cured or waived.

SECTION 4. DEFAULTS.

4.1       Definitions. Each occurrence of any of the following events will constitute an “Event of Default”:

(a)       if a default occurs in the payment of any Repayment Amount, or other amounts due under this Note, whether at the due date thereof or upon acceleration thereof, and such default remains uncured for fifteen (15) business days after written notice thereof from Holder;

(b)       if any representation or warranty of the Maker made herein will have been false or misleading in any material respect, or will have contained any material omission, as of the date hereof;

(c)       if a material default occurs in the due observance or performance on the part of the Maker of any covenant or agreement to be observed or performed pursuant to the terms of this Note and such default remains uncured for ten (10) business days after written notice thereof from Holder;

(d)       if the Maker (i) discontinues its business, (ii) applies for or consent to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or liquidator of Maker or any of its property, (iii) makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or (iv) files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, or a petition or an answer seeking reorganization or an arrangement with creditors, or take advantage of any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, readjustment of debt, dissolution or liquidation laws or statutes, or file an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any proceeding under any such law;

(e)       if there is filed against Maker an involuntary petition seeking reorganization of Maker or the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or liquidator of Maker or a substantial part of its assets, or an involuntary petition under any bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency law of any jurisdiction, whether now or hereafter in effect (any of the foregoing petitions being hereinafter referred to as an “Involuntary Petition”) and such Involuntary Petition will not have been dismissed within ninety (90) days after it was filed;

4.2       Remedies on Default.

(a)       Upon each and every such Event of Default and at any time thereafter during the continuance of such Event of Default: (i) any and all indebtedness and related amounts (including, without limitation, Default Payments) due from the Maker to the Holder under this Note or otherwise will immediately become due and payable; and (ii) the Holder may exercise all the rights of a creditor under applicable law.

(b)       In the event that any one or more Events of Default will occur and be continuing, and acceleration of this Note or any other indebtedness or obligation of the Maker to the Holder will have occurred, the Holder may, inter alia, proceed to protect and enforce its rights by an action at law, suit in equity and/or other appropriate proceeding. No right conferred

upon the Holder by this Note will be exclusive of any other right referred to herein or therein or now or hereafter available at law, in equity, by statute or otherwise.

SECTION 5. EXTENSION OF MATURITY.

In the event that the Repayment Amount or any other amounts due under this Note become due and payable on other than a business day, the due date thereof will be extended to the next succeeding business day in the United States. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a business day will be any day that is not a Saturday or Sunday, or a legal holiday in the State of New York in the United States.

SECTION 6. ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COLLECTION COSTS.

In the event that all or part of the indebtedness evidenced by this Note is collected at law or in equity, or in bankruptcy, receivership or other court proceedings, arbitration or mediation, or any settlement of any of the foregoing, the Maker agrees to pay, in addition to all amounts due and payable hereunder, all costs of collection incurred by the Holder in collecting or enforcing this Note, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses actually incurred.

SECTION 7. WAIVERS, DISPUTES, JURISDICTION.

7.1       Actions of Holder not a Waiver. No delay by Holder in exercising any power or right hereunder will operate as a waiver of any power or right, nor will any single or partial exercise of any power or right preclude other or further exercise thereof, or the exercise of any other power or right hereunder or otherwise; and no waiver or modification of the terms hereof will be valid unless set forth in writing by the Holder and then only to the extent set forth therein.

7.2       Consent to Jurisdiction. The Parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the state or federal courts sitting in the State of Delaware over any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Note or any other agreements or instruments with respect to Holder. The parties hereby waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that the parties may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such suit, action, or proceeding brought in any such court and any claim that any such suit, action, or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. A final, non-appealable judgment in any such suit, action, or proceeding brought in any such courts will be conclusive and binding upon the parties, and may be enforced in any court in which the applicable party is subject to jurisdiction by a suit upon such judgment, provided that service of process is effected upon the applicable party as provided in this Note or as otherwise permitted by applicable law.

7.3       Waiver of Jury Trial. THE PARTIES WAIVE ANY RIGHTS THEY MAY HAVE TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY DEALINGS BETWEEN THE PARTIES RELATING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS NOTE. THE SCOPE OF THIS WAIVER IS INTENDED TO BE ALL-ENCOMPASSING OF ANY AND ALL DISPUTES THAT MAY BE FILED IN ANY

COURT AND THAT RELATE TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS NOTE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CONTRACT CLAIMS, TORT CLAIMS, AND ALL OTHER COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY CLAIMS. THIS WAIVER IS IRREVOCABLE, MEANING THAT IT MAY NOT BE MODIFIED EITHER ORALLY OR IN WRITING, AND THIS WAIVER WILL APPLY TO ANY SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS OR MODIFICATIONS TO THIS AGREEMENT OR TO ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE LOAN.

7.4       Service of Process. The parties hereby consent to process being served in any suit, action, or proceeding instituted in connection with this Note by delivery of a copy thereof by certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, and/or by delivery of a copy thereof to a registered agent of the party.

SECTION 8. MAKER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

Except as disclosed in the Maker’s public filings with the SEC, the Maker represents and warrants the following:

8.1       Organization, Good Standing and Qualification. The Maker is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware in the United States, and has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business. The Maker is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure so to qualify would have a material adverse effect on its business, properties, operations, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise).

8.2       Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by the Maker of this Note have been duly authorized by all requisite action by Maker, if any, in accordance with Delaware law. This Note is a valid and binding obligation of Maker, enforceable against Maker in accordance with its terms, except as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other laws of general application affecting enforcements of creditors’ rights or general principles of equity.

8.3       No Conflicts. The execution, delivery, performance, issuance, sale and delivery of this Note and compliance with the provisions hereof by Maker will not, to the knowledge of Maker, (a) violate any provision of any law, statute, rule or regulation applicable to Maker or any order, judgment or decree of any court, arbitrator, administrative agency or other governmental body applicable to Maker or any of its assets or (b) conflict with or result in any material breach of any of the terms or conditions of any agreement or instrument to which Maker is a party, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration under any such agreement or instrument, or result in the creation of any lien or other encumbrance upon any of the material assets of Maker.

SECTION 9. HOLDER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

9.1       Accredited Investor. Holder hereby represents and warrants that Holder has substantial experience in evaluating and investing in securities, and is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of its loan to Maker under this Note and any investment in Conversion Shares,

and has the capacity to protect its own interests. Holder is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

9.2       Investment Purpose. This Note is being made for business and investment purposes.

SECTION 10. REPLACEMENT OF NOTE.

Upon receipt by Maker of reasonable evidence of the loss, theft, destruction, or mutilation of this Note, Maker will deliver a new Note containing the same terms and conditions in lieu of this Note. Any Note delivered in accordance with the provisions of this Section 14 will be dated as of the date of this Note.

SECTION 11. MISCELLANEOUS.

11.1       Notices. All notices, demands and requests of any kind to be delivered to any party in connection with this Note will be in writing and will be deemed to be effective upon delivery if (i) personally delivered, (ii) sent by facsimile or email with confirmed delivery, (iii) sent by nationally or internationally recognized overnight courier, or (iv) sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid to such address as the party to whom notice is to be given may have furnished to the other parties hereto.

11.2       Parties In Interest; Assignment. This Note will bind and inure to the benefit of Holder, Maker and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Maker will not transfer or assign this Note without the prior written consent of Holder. Holder may transfer and assign this note without the prior consent of Maker.

11.3       Severability. If one or more provisions of this Note are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, then (i) such provision will be excluded from this Note, (ii) the balance of the Note will be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded, (iii) the balance of the Note will be enforceable in accordance with its terms, and (iv) the parties will negotiate in good faith to amend or add to the provisions of this Note to effectuate as nearly as reasonably practicable, and as nearly as permitted under applicable law, the original intent of the parties with respect to the provision excluded.

11.4       Amendments. No provision of this Note may be amended or waived without the express written consent of both Maker and Holder, provided, however, that Holder may waive any provision hereof that inures to the benefit of Holder without the prior written consent of Maker.

11.5       Governing Law. This Note will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, other than any rules relating to choice of law.

11.6       Counterparts. This Note may be executed and delivered in any number of counterparts, each of which is an original and which, together, have the same effect as if each party had signed the same document.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker has caused this Note to be duly executed by its duly authorized person(s) as of the date first written above.

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC. (MAKER)   By:                                                                              Name:   Title: ______ (HOLDER)     By:                                                                           

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Linda F. Powers, certify that:

(1)         I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.;

(2)         Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)         Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)         I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15 (f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)         Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)         Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)         Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)         Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)         I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)         All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)         Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 21, 2017
By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
	Name:	Linda F. Powers
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		Principal Executive Officer
		Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Linda F. Powers, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 21, 2017
By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
	Name:	Linda F. Powers
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		Principal Executive Officer
		Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Aug. 21, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Registrant Name	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001072379
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Trading Symbol	NWBO
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		295,253,044

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 22	$ 6,186
Restricted cash - interest payments held in escrow	0	685
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	797	1,013
Total current assets	819	7,884
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	224	315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)	46,221	44,559
Other assets	119	148
Total non-current assets	46,564	45,022
Total assets	47,383	52,906
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	16,149	13,239
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties	21,373	23,393
Convertible notes, net	3,495	10,960
Notes payable, net	5,661	2,450
Notes payable to related party	2,170	310
Share settled debt, at fair value (in default)	4,749	5,200
Environmental remediation liability	6,200	6,200
Warrant liability	6,878	4,862
Mortgage loan, net	6,115	9,791
Total current liabilities	72,790	76,405
Non-current liabilities:
Note payable, net of current portion, net	0	3,000
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion, net	5,383	0
Mortgage loan, net of current portion, net	4,453	0
Total non-current liabilities	9,836	3,000
Total liabilities	82,626	79,405
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 40,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	0	0
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 450,000,000 shares authorized; 237,322,805 and 157,028,270 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	237	157
Additional paid-in capital	702,661	686,972
Accumulated deficit	(738,349)	(715,476)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain	208	1,848
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	(35,243)	(26,499)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$ 47,383	$ 52,906

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS [Parenthetical] - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	450,000,000	450,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	237,322,805	157,028,270
Common stock, shares outstanding	237,322,805	157,028,270

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Revenues:
Research and other	$ 88	$ 157	$ 156	$ 393
Total revenues	88	157	156	393
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development	5,466	8,713	10,501	22,153
General and administrative	3,284	1,926	6,289	5,261
Legal expenses	2,003	4,541	5,935	5,481
Total operating costs and expenses	10,753	15,180	22,725	32,895
Loss from operations	(10,665)	(15,023)	(22,569)	(32,502)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	6,457	3,930	7,896	17,455
Loss from extinguishment of debt	(7,007)	0	(8,542)	0
Interest expense	(1,308)	(729)	(2,502)	(1,447)
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)	2,270	(2,353)	2,844	(3,787)
Net loss	(10,253)	(14,175)	(22,873)	(20,281)
Deemed dividend related to warrant modification	0	(2,640)	0	(2,640)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (10,253)	$ (16,815)	$ (22,873)	$ (22,921)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.23)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	208,458	103,831	185,108	100,782

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Net loss	$ (10,253)	$ (14,175)	$ (22,873)	$ (20,281)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,326)	537	(1,640)	1,037
Total comprehensive loss	$ (11,579)	$ (13,638)	$ (24,513)	$ (19,244)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - 6 months ended Jun. 30, 2017 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Cumulative Translation Adjustment [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (26,499)	$ 157	$ 686,972	$ (715,476)	$ 1,848
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		157,027
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $6.4 million warrant liability)	1,389	$ 20	1,369	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $6.4 million warrant liability) (in shares)		20,229
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(693)	$ 0	(693)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (net of $0.3 million warrant liability)	232	$ 4	228	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (net of $0.3 million warrant liability) (in Shares)		3,611
Warrants exercised for cash	100	$ 10	90	0	0
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)		10,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	1,847	$ 0	1,847	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	451	$ 3	448	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock (in shares)		3,500
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	6,266	$ 36	6,230	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest (in Shares)		35,866
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes	2,054	$ 7	2,047	0	0
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes (in shares)		7,090
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	$ 0	3,750	0	0
Stock-based compensation	373	0	373	0	0
Net loss	(22,873)	0	0	(22,873)	0
Cumulative translation adjustment	(1,640)	0	0	0	(1,640)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2017	$ (35,243)	$ 237	$ 702,661	$ (738,349)	$ 208
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2017		237,323

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) [Parenthetical] $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 6,878
Direct Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	6,400
Private Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 300

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$ (22,873)	$ (20,281)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	100	80
Amortization of debt discount	687	431
Non-cash interest expense	348	0
Change in fair value of derivatives	(7,896)	(17,455)
Loss from extinguishment of debt	8,542	0
Stock-based compensation	373	12
Stock issued to Cognate BioServices under Cognate Agreements	0	2,277
Subtotal of non-cash charges	1,704	(14,655)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	212	337
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	3,222	628
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,730	2,121
Other non-current assets	29	49
Net cash used in operating activities	(15,976)	(31,801)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(9)	(4,303)
Refund of leasehold improvement related to UK construction	220	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	211	(4,303)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in a registered direct offering	7,760	10,000
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(693)	(756)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in private offering	553	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	100	4,235
Offering cost related to warrants exercise	0	(341)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net	3,973	0
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to related party	2,740	0
Repayment of notes payable to related parties	(880)	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net	1,604	0
Repayment of convertible notes payable	(3,258)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,899	13,138
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(2,983)	3,021
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(6,849)	(19,945)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period	6,871	23,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	22	3,103
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	451	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	5,462	0
Exchange 2014 Senior Convertible Notes and accrued interest for secured convertible note	5,175	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	1,847	0
Issuance of warrants in conjunction with note payable	83	0
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	0
Embedded conversion features with issuance of secured convertible notes	1,826	0
Accrued renewal fee incurred from mortgage loan	0	301
Deemed dividend related to modification of warrant	0	2,640
VAT receivables related to UK property	0	408
Mortgage Loan [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(658)	(920)
Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(485)	(275)
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member]
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of debt discount	270	0
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	$ (47)	$ 0

XML

Organization and Description of Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries NW Bio Gmbh, and Aracaris Capital, Ltd (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer.

The Company is developing an experimental dendritic cell vaccine using its platform technology known as DCVax. DCVax is currently being tested for use in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

Cognate BioServices, Inc. (“Cognate BioServices”), which is a company related by common ownership (Note 9), provides the Company with mission critical contract manufacturing services, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements for clinical grade cellular products. The Company and Cognate BioServices are currently parties to a series of contracts providing for these services as more fully described below. The Company is dependent on Cognate BioServices to provide the manufacturing services, and any interruption of such services could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to proceed with its clinical trials. Cognate BioServices’ manufacturing facility for clinical-grade cellular products is located in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, a Cognate affiliate in the UK (which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices) is preparing for production of DCVax-L products there.

Although there are many contract manufacturers for small molecule drugs and for biologics, there are only a few contract manufacturers in the U.S., and even fewer in Europe, that specialize in producing living cell products and that have a track record of success with regulatory authorities. The manufacturing of living cell products is highly specialized and entirely different than production of biologics: the physical facilities and equipment are different, the types of personnel and skill sets are different, and the processes are different. The regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and cellular products are especially challenging and are one of the most frequent reasons for the development of a company’s cellular products to be put on clinical hold (i.e., stopped by regulatory authorities).

In addition, the Company’s programs require a large amount of capacity in these specialized manufacturing facilities. The Company’s products are fully personalized and not made in standardized batches: the Company’s products are made on demand, patient by patient, on an as needed basis.

XML

Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Liquidity [Abstract]

Liquidity and Financial Condition [Text Block]

2. Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company used approximately $16.0 million and $31.8 million of cash in its operating activities, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company raised approximately $16.0 million in equity and debt securities to fund its operations, and raised an additional $5 million from a third party who retired the 2014 Notes on the Company’s behalf (see Note 7 for further details). As expected for a company that is pre-revenue, the Company incurred a net loss of $10.3 million and $22.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company had current assets of $0.8 million and a working capital deficit of approximately $72.0 million at June 30, 2017. The Company owed an aggregate of $21.4 million of trade liabilities to related parties as of June 30, 2017 (after waiver by such related parties during this period of $3.75 million of payables owed to them by the Company).

The Company has not yet generated any material revenue from the sale of its products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to R&D and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues.  Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations.  If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses, net operating cash flow deficits, and an accumulated deficit, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade, and so the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company did not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the six months ended June 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of June 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are currently pending. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein.

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. 

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

XML

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

4. Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Warrants Granted in 2017

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 94,703,000 warrants (the “Warrants”) to multiple investors (the “Holders”). Since the Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy (see Note 3), the warrants were classified as liabilities and measured at fair value on the grant date, with changes in fair value recognized as other income on the statements of operations and disclosed in the financial statements as long as the contracts remain classified as liabilities.

 

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt
Strike price	$	0.51		$	0.39		$	0.18
Contractual term (years)		2.3			2.3			2.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		109	%		112	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

Embedded Conversion Features

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded approximately $4.3 million of derivative liabilities, which were related to the embedded conversion features of certain convertible notes as of the issuance date.

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	6,878	$	-	$	-	$	6,878
Embedded conversion feature		2,075		-		-		2,075
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,749		-		-		4,749
Total fair value	$	13,702	$	-	$	-	$	13,702

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

In accordance with ASC 820, the development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant		Embedded		Share-settled
	Liability		Conversion Feature		Debt (in Default)		Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862	$	-	$	5,200	$	10,062
Warrants granted		9,572		-		-		9,572
Issuance of convertible notes		-		4,262		-		4,262
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(1,847)		-		-		(1,847)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-		-		(451)		(451)
Change in fair value		(5,709)		(2,187)		-		(7,896)
Balance – June 30, 2017	$	6,878	$	2,075	$	4,749	$	13,702

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.41		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.4			1.9			4.7
Volatility (annual)		98	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

XML

Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

5. Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

Property and equipment consist of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69	$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25		25
Computer equipment and software		635		626
		729		720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(505)		(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		224		315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)		46,221		44,559
	$	46,445	$	44,874

* Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

Depreciation expenses were approximately $100,000 and $80,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

XML

Stock-based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

6. Stock-based Compensation

On June 13, 2017, the Company granted options (the “Options”) to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to Dr. Marnix Bosch, the Chief Technical Officer of the Company, and Dr. Alton Boynton, the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The Options were granted pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan provides for awards of various types of equity securities (including common stock, restricted stock units, options and/or other derivative securities) to employees and directors of the Company.

Dr. Bosch received Options exercisable for 7,940,182 Shares and Dr. Boynton received Options exercisable for 3,402,935 Shares. The Options are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per share, and have a 5-year exercise period. The Options granted to Dr. Bosch and Dr. Boynton are subject to vesting requirements. 50% of the Options vested on the grant date, and 50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient. 

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551	$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343		0.25		-		5.0
Forfeited/expired		(238)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		12,656	$	1.32		-		4.6
Options vested and exercisable		6,546	$	1.63	$	-		4.5

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	For the Six Months
	Ended
	June 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%

The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of $373,000, which was included as part of research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The weighted average grant date fair value was approximately $0.7 million and the unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $0.3 million as of June 30, 2017, and will be recognized over the next 2.2 years. The Company records the forfeitures, if any, when such forfeitures occur.

The risk-free rate is based on the rate of U.S Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option grants. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock using the daily closing price of the Company’s common stock. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding.

XML

Outstanding Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

7. Outstanding Debt

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated							Remaining				Fair Value of
		Interest			Conversion				Debt		Debt		Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount		Premium		Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09		135		-		-		-		135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default		10	%	$	0.26		1,578		-		-		14		1,592
18% unsecured (3)	In Default		18	%	$	0.26		1,183		-		348		237		1,768
								2,896		-		348		251		3,495
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (4)	Various		8	%		N/A		5,620		(400)		-		-		5,220
0% unsecured (5)	9/1/2017		0	%		N/A		226		(2)		-		-		224
12% unsecured (5)	On Demand		12	%		N/A		300		(83)		-		-		217
								6,146		(485)		-		-		5,661
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (6)	On Demand		10	%		N/A		2,170		-		-		-		2,170
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.16		4,749		-		-		-		4,749
Short term mortgage loan	11/16/2017		12	%		N/A		6,225		(110)		-		-		6,115
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (8)	6/21/2020		12	%	$	0.50		6,000		(2,443)		-		1,826		5,383
Long term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018		12	%		N/A		4,478		(25)		-		-		4,453
Ending balance as of June 30, 2017								32,664		(3,063)		348		2,077		32,026

		Stated							Remaining
		Interest			Conversion				Debt		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (8)	8/15/2017		5	%	$	6.60		11,000		(175)		10,825
								11,135		(175)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10% unsecured (2)	11/4/2017		10	%		N/A		2,450		-		2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		10	%		N/A		50		-		50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		12	%		N/A		260		-		260
								310		-		310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.35		5,200		-		5,200
Mortgage loan	11/16/17 & 8/13/17		12	%		N/A		10,156		(365)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (4)	6/30/2018		8	%		N/A		3,310		(310)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016							$	32,561	$	(850)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents. 

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreement (“the Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term.

On April 12, 2017, the Company entered a note amendment (“the Amendment”) with the Holder. The maturity date was amended to June 30, 2017, and the Holder was granted an option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.4 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were valued at fair value of $14,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On May 22, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert approximately $872,000 principal and $128,000 accrued interest of the Notes into 5,555,556 shares of common stock at fair value of $0.16, and 8,333,334 warrants at fair value of $0.11 using Black-Scholes model. The Company recorded approximately $349,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

 

(3) On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “OID Notes”) with unrelated third parties (the “Holders”) in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate.

On April 10, 2017, the Company entered into multiple note amendments (“the Amendment”) with the OID Notes holders. The maturity date was amended to June 10, 2017, and the Holders were granted the option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at the conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.0 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of the embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were revalued at fair value of $237,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the OID Notes holders.

The Company accrued an additional $348,000 debt premium on the prepaid portion and any unpaid portion of the OID Notes after the maturity date pursuant to the default provision.

(4) During six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $186,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3,310,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Note was approximately $214,000 as of June 30, 2017.

(5) On June 29, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor for the amount of $300,000. The Note bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued 833,333 warrants with a strike price of $0.18 in conjunction the note. The Company recorded $84,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

On March 1, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor in the original principal amount of $226,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for net proceeds of $220,000 with no stated interest rate.

(6) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice by Mr. Goldman to the Company.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. In June 2017, the Company repaid $150,000 of the Toucan Notes.

Board of Directors Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(7) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $0.5 million of outstanding share-settled debt.

(8) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments was completed during the six months ended June 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7,089,860 common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated institutional investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $350,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $325,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of June 30, 2017 was $6.0 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. The was no change in fair value from these embedded conversion features from June 21, 2017 to June 30, 2017.

(9) The mortgage loan, which was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018.

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	39	$	137	$	424	$	274
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		70		175		140
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		39		207		599		414
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		245		38		389		76
Additional debt premium		348		-		348		-
Amortization of debt discount		190		-		270		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		783		38		1,007		76
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		360		332		649		665
Amortization of debt issuance costs		123		152		242		291
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		483		484		891		956
Other interest expenses		3		-		5		1
Total interest expense	$	1,308	$	729	$	2,502	$	1,447

XML

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

8. Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,554		23,276
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		84,135		21,169
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		30,932		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		27,501		1,764
Potentially dilutive securities		192,778		47,760

XML

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Related Party Transactions

Cognate BioServices, Inc.

Cognate Expenses and Accounts Payable

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company owed Cognate $21.4 million (after waiver of $3.75 million by Cognate as described below) and $23.4 million, respectively, for unpaid invoices for manufacturing and related services.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Cognate waived its right to receive payment of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate $21.4 million for unpaid invoices as of June 30, 2017. 

Overall, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $2.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials. 

Overall, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $5.2 million and $16.6 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials.  The substantial reduction in costs related to Cognate BioServices relates in part to reduction in clinical trial related activity and in part to an arrangement being tested under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually.

Cognate Organization

Pursuant to an institutional financing of Cognate in October 2016, Cognate’s operations outside the US were separated from its operations in the US. The operations outside the US include Cognate BioServices GmbH in Germany, Advent BioServices, Ltd (formerly called Cognate BioServices Ltd.) in the UK, and Cognate Israel in Israel. Both Cognate BioServices, Inc. in the US and the Cognate affiliates outside the US are owned by Toucan Capital Fund III. The Cognate affiliates in Germany and Israel are in the process of being wound down, and manufacturing and related activities are being expanded and consolidated in the U.K. Approximately $1.5 and $2.3 million of the total research and development cost related to Cognate entities outside the US are included in the overall amounts reported with respect to Cognate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

Other Related Parties

Leslie J. Goldman - Demand Loans

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum.  

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Mr. Goldman loaned the Company an additional $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). These Goldman Notes bear interest at the rate of 10% per annum and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017.

Toucan Capital III Fund - Demand Loans

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

In June 2017, the Company made repayment of $150,000 toward the Toucan Notes.

Various Related Parties - Demand Loans

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

10. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock Issuances

First Quarter of 2017

Public Offering

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with institutional investors for a registered direct offering with gross proceeds of $7.5 million. The Company issued 18.8 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.26 per share, or pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares.  Additionally, the investors received 5 year Class A warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, 3 month Class B warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, and a pre-paid 3 month Class C warrant to purchase up to approximately 10.0 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $ 0.26 per share, of which $0.25 per share was pre-paid at the time of closing and another $0.01 per share is payable upon exercise of each Class C Warrant. Total warrants issued in March 2017 have value of approximately $6.2 million.

 

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,100,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $31,000. All of these 3,100,000 shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was $713,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

On March 10, 2017, the Company issued 4,039,860 shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible notes as additional consideration to enter into a payment plan and extend the debt payment. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $1.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On March 30, 2017, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Second Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued 1,384,615 shares of common stock at a price of $0.26 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to 1,038,461 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.26 per share (the “Class A Warrants”) and Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to 1,038,461 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (the “Class B Warrants”). Both the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable immediately. The Class A Warrants are exercisable for five years and the Class B Warrants are exercisable for three months. The Company received gross proceeds of $360,000 from this offering.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued 3,610,452 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.15 per share. The investors also received an aggregate of 3,274,553 warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.33 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $552,000 from this offering.

Debt Conversion

On May 22, 2017, the holders of certain existing notes converted approximately $2.0 million principal amount and accrued interest for 11,137,345 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.18 per share and issued to such investors 8,353,009 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.26 per share for a period of 5 years and 8,353,009 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The difference of $0.7 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

On May 31, 2017, the Company and certain unaffiliated institutional investors (the “Investor”) entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange $3.0 million of the Company’s 2014 Senior Convertible Notes for 20,628,571 shares of common stock, warrants to acquire up to 16,071,428 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.175 per share and exercisable for 2 years from the date of issuance of such warrants, and or 800,000 shares of Common Stock.  The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $0.5 million principal amount and accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,300,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors 2,475,000 Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of $0.4 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,900,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of pre-paid warrants that were issued in March 2017 with an exercise price of $0.26, of which $0.25 was paid in March and $0.01 was paid at the time of exercise, for  proceeds of $69,000 at the time of exercise during the three months ended June 30, 2017. All of these 6,900,000 shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $1.1 million on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

During the three months ended June 30, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,050,000 shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible note as additional consideration to extend the debt payment and to enter into a forbearance agreement. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $0.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On June 14, 2017, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

As of June 30, 2017, the outstanding share-settled debt was approximately $4.7 million.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of		Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants		Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278	$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted *		96,530		0.48
Warrants exercised for cash		(10,800)		0.02
Warrants expired and cancellation		(22,319)		1.24
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		121,689	$	0.98		3.10

* Including approximately 1.0 million ratchet warrants due to the exercise price reset during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

The Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy in the fourth quarter of 2016 requires that all financial instruments issued subsequent to such adoption be treated as a derivative liability. As such, warrants issued in the current period report have been classified as liabilities.

XML

Variable Interest Entities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entity Disclosure [Text Block]

11.   Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary is the party who has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. 

After the assumption of $5.7 million in debt originally incurred by Cognate in October 2016 the Company had an implicit variable interest in Cognate to potentially fund Cognate’s losses (if Cognate incurs losses).  The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate upon its initial involvement and the Company reassess whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate on an ongoing basis.  The determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of Cognate is based upon the facts and circumstances and requires significant judgment.  The Company’s considerations in determining Cognate’s most significant activities and whether the Company has power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, Cognate’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the equity ownership and voting interests of Cognate, management, service and/or other agreements of Cognate, involvement in Cognate’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees.  As of June 30, 2017, the Company does not have the power over the most significant activities (control of operating decisions) and therefore does not meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary.

The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the notional amounts of the implicit variable interest in Cognate.  The Company has no current plans to provide any support additional to that which is noted above.  Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss from its implicit interest is limited to $4.5 million as of June 30, 2017; which is the shutdown fee the Company must pay to terminate their relationship with Cognate.

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Payment to Cognate BioServices

Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension.  Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or After the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.

⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million.

For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.

⋅ After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.

⋅ After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or After the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.

⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of June 30, 2017, none of the above fees were triggered.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually.

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit names Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and names the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenges certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On May 19, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement to the court, which is pending court approval. A settlement hearing is currently scheduled for October 17, 2017, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to approve the proposed settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff seeks an award of unspecified damages to the Company and seeks equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also seeks costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys' fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed pending review of the proposed settlement in the Tharp case by the Delaware Court of Chancery. If the settlement in the Tharp case is approved and becomes effective, then the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case.

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The complaint seeks the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. The parties are currently engaged in settlement negotiations, and the plaintiff has filed an unopposed motion to stay the deadlines in the case pending the court’s review of an anticipated motion for preliminary settlement approval.

Class Action Securities Litigation

On August 26, 2015, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Lerner v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., et al., No. 15-02532 (D. Md. filed Aug. 26, 2015). The lawsuit named the Company and Ms. Powers as defendants. On December 14, 2015, the court appointed two lead plaintiffs. The Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on February 12, 2016, purportedly on behalf of all of those who purchased common stock in the Company between January 13, 2014 and August 21, 2015. The amended complaint generally claimed that the defendants violated Section 10(b) and Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by making misleading statements and/or omissions on a variety of subjects, including the status and results of the Company’s DCVax trials. The amended complaint sought unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs. The Company and Ms. Powers filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 21, 2017, the court entered an order dismissing the case, and on April 12, 2017, the Lead Plaintiffs submitted a letter advising the court that they do not intend to file an amended complaint.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported,  the Company has received a number formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages. Unfortunately, the investigation has been costly for the Company, both in terms of professional fees and in distraction of management from operation of the Company and its programs.

 

Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.

On June 22, 2017, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC filed a lawsuit against the Company in the United District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., 1:17-cv-04727-PKC.  Chardan alleges that it provided capital placement agent services to the Company in December 2016 under a contract and that it has not been fully compensated for those services.  Chardan further alleges that it provided additional services to the Company in March 2017 in anticipation of entering into contract and that it received no compensation.  The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and purports to seek “at least” $1 million, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs.  On August 14, 2017, Chardan filed a notice of motion for default judgment in the amount of $446,000, plus prejudgment interest.  The Company intends to vigorously defend the case. 

XML

Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

13. Subsequent Events

During July and August, 2017, the Company raised additional gross funding of $4.6 million through financing transactions as detailed in the following disclosures.

Public and Private Offering

On July 11, 2017, the Company sold to an unaffiliated investor 200,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.16 per share and issued to such investor 150,000 Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years for an aggregate of $32,000.

On August 1, 2017, the Company entered into a $1 million financing in which it sold to an unaffiliated investor 5.0 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.20 per share and issued to such investor 2.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.23 per share for a period of two years, and 2.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.30 per share for a period of two years.

Debt Offering

During July and August 2017, the Company entered into multiple demand note agreements with investors for total proceeds of $0.9 million.

Warrants Exercised for Cash and Warrants Modification

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a $2.7 million financing with an institutional health care investor holding Class B Warrants exercisable for 13,527,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company, in which the investor exercised its Class B Warrants in full in return for amendment of the investor’s Class B Warrants to reduce the exercise from $1.00 to $0.20 per share, as set forth in a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement. The Class B Warrants were originally issued on March 17, 2017 with an exercise period of 90 days, and the exercise period was previously extended to August 24, 2017. Also in consideration for the investor’s exercise in full of the Class B Warrants, the Company agreed to issue to the investor new Series A Warrants exercisable for the purchase of 13,527,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years.

Cashless Warrants Exercise

On July 17, 2017, holders of 16,071,428 Class A warrants of the Company exercised such warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for the delivery of 6,939,934 shares of the Company’s common stock.

On July 17, 2017, the Company extended the expiration date of 1,038,460 Class B warrants of the Company, having an exercise price of $1.00, from July 17, 2017 to October 17, 2017.

Debt Conversions

On July 17, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.6 million principal amount and $36,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by unaffiliated investors for 10,086,853 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.16 per share and issued to such investors 7,565,139 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.18 per share for a period of 5 years and 7,565,139 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days.

On July 10, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $412,000 principal amount of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,335,730 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.12 per share.

On August 1, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.2 million principal amount, $407,000 premium amount, and $39,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by certain unaffiliated investors for 9,059,107 shares of its Common Stock at a price of $0.18 per share. The Company also issued to such investors 13,588,663 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.18 per share for a period of 5 years and 6,794,333 Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days.

On August 4, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $1.0 million principal amount of multiple notes held by certain unaffiliated investors for 5.0 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.20 per share. The Company also issued to such investors 2,442,890 Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.23 per share for a period of 2 years and 2,442,890 Class B warrants with exercise price of $0.30 per share for a period of 2 years.

Share-settled Debt

From July to August, the Company issued 3,500,000 shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. Such common shares were not sold by the Holder as of June 30, 2017. Therefore the Company didn’t reduce the share-settled debt balance upon issuance of such shares.

Shares for Services

On July 6, 2017, as compensation for services as a Director, the Company issued  1,312,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.16 to a designee of Robert Farmer. On July 22, 2017 Robert Farmer passed away.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the six months ended June 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability Policy [Policy Text Block]

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing [Policy Text Block]

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Cost, Expense Policy [Policy Text Block]

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of June 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are currently pending. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein.

Comprehensive Loss Policy [Policy Text Block]

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. 

Significant Accounting Policies [Policy Text Block]

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant		Embedded		Share-settled
	Liability		Conversion Feature		Debt (in Default)		Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862	$	-	$	5,200	$	10,062
Warrants granted		9,572		-		-		9,572
Issuance of convertible notes		-		4,262		-		4,262
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(1,847)		-		-		(1,847)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-		-		(451)		(451)
Change in fair value		(5,709)		(2,187)		-		(7,896)
Balance – June 30, 2017	$	6,878	$	2,075	$	4,749	$	13,702

Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.41		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.4			1.9			4.7
Volatility (annual)		98	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	6,878	$	-	$	-	$	6,878
Embedded conversion feature		2,075		-		-		2,075
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,749		-		-		4,749
Total fair value	$	13,702	$	-	$	-	$	13,702

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

Warrant [Member] | Public and Private Offering [Member]

Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt
Strike price	$	0.51		$	0.39		$	0.18
Contractual term (years)		2.3			2.3			2.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		109	%		112	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

XML

Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

Property and equipment consist of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69	$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25		25
Computer equipment and software		635		626
		729		720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(505)		(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		224		315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)		46,221		44,559
	$	46,445	$	44,874

XML

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551	$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343		0.25		-		5.0
Forfeited/expired		(238)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		12,656	$	1.32		-		4.6
Options vested and exercisable		6,546	$	1.63	$	-		4.5

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	For the Six Months
	Ended
	June 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%

XML

Outstanding Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated							Remaining				Fair Value of
		Interest			Conversion				Debt		Debt		Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount		Premium		Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09		135		-		-		-		135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default		10	%	$	0.26		1,578		-		-		14		1,592
18% unsecured (3)	In Default		18	%	$	0.26		1,183		-		348		237		1,768
								2,896		-		348		251		3,495
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (4)	Various		8	%		N/A		5,620		(400)		-		-		5,220
0% unsecured (5)	9/1/2017		0	%		N/A		226		(2)		-		-		224
12% unsecured (5)	On Demand		12	%		N/A		300		(83)		-		-		217
								6,146		(485)		-		-		5,661
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (6)	On Demand		10	%		N/A		2,170		-		-		-		2,170
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.16		4,749		-		-		-		4,749
Short term mortgage loan	11/16/2017		12	%		N/A		6,225		(110)		-		-		6,115
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (8)	6/21/2020		12	%	$	0.50		6,000		(2,443)		-		1,826		5,383
Long term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018		12	%		N/A		4,478		(25)		-		-		4,453
Ending balance as of June 30, 2017								32,664		(3,063)		348		2,077		32,026

		Stated							Remaining
		Interest			Conversion				Debt		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Discount		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (8)	8/15/2017		5	%	$	6.60		11,000		(175)		10,825
								11,135		(175)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10% unsecured (2)	11/4/2017		10	%		N/A		2,450		-		2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		10	%		N/A		50		-		50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand		12	%		N/A		260		-		260
								310		-		310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (7)	In Default		18	%	$	0.35		5,200		-		5,200
Mortgage loan	11/16/17 & 8/13/17		12	%		N/A		10,156		(365)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (4)	6/30/2018		8	%		N/A		3,310		(310)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016							$	32,561	$	(850)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents. 

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreement (“the Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term.

On April 12, 2017, the Company entered a note amendment (“the Amendment”) with the Holder. The maturity date was amended to June 30, 2017, and the Holder was granted an option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.4 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were valued at fair value of $14,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On May 22, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert approximately $872,000 principal and $128,000 accrued interest of the Notes into 5,555,556 shares of common stock at fair value of $0.16, and 8,333,334 warrants at fair value of $0.11 using Black-Scholes model. The Company recorded approximately $349,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

 

(3) On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “OID Notes”) with unrelated third parties (the “Holders”) in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate.

On April 10, 2017, the Company entered into multiple note amendments (“the Amendment”) with the OID Notes holders. The maturity date was amended to June 10, 2017, and the Holders were granted the option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at the conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.0 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment, which was part of the embedded conversion features. The embedded conversion features were revalued at fair value of $237,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the OID Notes holders.

The Company accrued an additional $348,000 debt premium on the prepaid portion and any unpaid portion of the OID Notes after the maturity date pursuant to the default provision.

(4) During six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $186,000 as of June 30, 2017.

On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3,310,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Note was approximately $214,000 as of June 30, 2017.

(5) On June 29, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor for the amount of $300,000. The Note bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued 833,333 warrants with a strike price of $0.18 in conjunction the note. The Company recorded $84,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

On March 1, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor in the original principal amount of $226,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for net proceeds of $220,000 with no stated interest rate.

(6) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice by Mr. Goldman to the Company.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. In June 2017, the Company repaid $150,000 of the Toucan Notes.

Board of Directors Notes

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(7) During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $0.5 million of outstanding share-settled debt.

(8) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments was completed during the six months ended June 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7,089,860 common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated institutional investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $350,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $325,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of June 30, 2017 was $6.0 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. The was no change in fair value from these embedded conversion features from June 21, 2017 to June 30, 2017.

(9) The mortgage loan, which was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018.

Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	39	$	137	$	424	$	274
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		70		175		140
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		39		207		599		414
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		245		38		389		76
Additional debt premium		348		-		348		-
Amortization of debt discount		190		-		270		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		783		38		1,007		76
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		360		332		649		665
Amortization of debt issuance costs		123		152		242		291
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		483		484		891		956
Other interest expenses		3		-		5		1
Total interest expense	$	1,308	$	729	$	2,502	$	1,447

XML

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,554		23,276
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		84,135		21,169
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		30,932		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		27,501		1,764
Potentially dilutive securities		192,778		47,760

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule Of Warrant Activity [Table Text Block]

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of		Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants		Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278	$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted *		96,530		0.48
Warrants exercised for cash		(10,800)		0.02
Warrants expired and cancellation		(22,319)		1.24
Outstanding as of June 30, 2017		121,689	$	0.98		3.10

* Including approximately 1.0 million ratchet warrants due to the exercise price reset during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

XML

Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations			$ (15,976)	$ (31,801)
Current Assets Less Payables	$ 72,000		72,000
Net Income (Loss) Attributable To Parent	(10,253)	$ (14,175)	(22,873)	$ (20,281)
Accounts Payable, Related Parties, Current	21,400		21,400
Assets, Current, Total	819		819		$ 7,884
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock and Debt			16,000
Trade Liabilities Waived by Related Parties, Amount	$ 3,750		3,750
Debt Instrument, Increase (Decrease), Net			$ 5,000

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accrued Environmental Loss Contingencies, Noncurrent	$ 6.2
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	6.2
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	32.0
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	$ 4.5

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.39
Contractual term (years)	2 years 3 months 18 days
Volatility (annual)	109.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.51
Contractual term (years)	2 years 3 months 18 days
Volatility (annual)	107.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.18
Contractual term (years)	2 years
Volatility (annual)	112.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Conversion price	$ 0.41
Contractual term (years)	1 year 11 months 1 day
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	$ 6,878	$ 4,862
Embedded conversion feature	2,075
Share-settled debt (in default)	4,749	5,200
Total fair value	13,702	10,062
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	6,878	4,862
Embedded conversion feature	2,075
Share-settled debt (in default)	4,749	5,200
Total fair value	$ 13,702	$ 10,062

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 3) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 10,062
Warrants granted	9,572
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(1,847)
Conversion of share-settled debt	(451)
Change in fair value	(7,896)
Balance	13,702
Long-term Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	5,200
Warrants granted	0
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	(451)
Change in fair value	0
Balance	4,749
Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	4,862
Warrants granted	9,572
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(1,847)
Conversion of share-settled debt	0
Change in fair value	(5,709)
Balance	6,878
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	0
Warrants granted	0
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	0
Change in fair value	(2,187)
Balance	$ 2,075

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 4) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.41
Contractual term (years)	1 year 11 months 1 day
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.40	$ 0.60
Contractual term (years)	3 years 4 months 24 days	4 years 8 months 12 days
Volatility (annual)	98.00%	98.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) shares
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability | $	$ 2,075
Jerry Jasinowski [Member] | Investor [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Issue During Period | shares	94,703,000

XML

Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 729	$ 720
Less: accumulated depreciation	(505)	(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	224	315
Property, plant and equipment net, including construction in progress	46,445	44,874
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	69	69
Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	25	25
Computer equipment and software [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	635	626
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom) [Member]
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$ 46,221	$ 44,559

XML

Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details Textual) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Depreciation	$ 100,000	$ 80,000

XML

Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Options, Outstanding	1,551
Number of Options, Granted	11,343
Number of Options, Forfeited/expired	(238)
Number of Options, Outstanding	12,656	1,551
Number of Options, Options vested and exercisable	6,546
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/expired	9.90
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	1.32	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested and exercisable	$ 1.63
Total Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Total Intrinsic Value, Options vested and exercisable	$ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding	4 years 7 months 6 days	1 year 10 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Granted	5 years
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options vested and exercisable	4 years 6 months

XML

Stock-based Compensation (Details 1)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Exercise price	$ 0.25
Expected term (years)	2 years 9 months 18 days
Expected stock price volatility	96.00%
Risk-free rate of interest	2.00%

XML

Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 13, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 0.25
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	50.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights	50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value		$ 700,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized		$ 300,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition		2 years 2 months 12 days
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense		$ 373,000
Chief Technical Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	7,940,182
Chief Scientific Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	3,402,935

XML

Outstanding Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016
Face Amount		$ 32,664		$ 32,561
Remaining Debt Discount		(3,063)		(850)
Debt Premium		348
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)		3,495		10,960
Notes Payable, Related Parties, Current		2,170		310
Short-term Debt, Fair Value		4,749		5,200
Secured Debt, Current		6,115		9,791
Convertible Notes Payable, Noncurrent		5,383		0
Secured Long-term Debt, Noncurrent		4,453		0
Long-term Debt		32,026		31,711
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		2,077
Notes Payable, Current		5,661		2,450
Short-term Debt [Member]
Face Amount		2,896		11,135
Remaining Debt Discount		0		(175)
Debt Premium		348
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)		3,495		10,960
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		251
Short term notes payable [Member]
Face Amount		6,146		310
Remaining Debt Discount		(485)		0
Debt Premium		0
Notes Payable, Related Parties, Current				$ 310
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Notes Payable, Current		$ 5,661
Six Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date		Due	[1]	Due	[2]
Stated Interest Rate		6.00%	[1]	6.00%	[2]
Conversion Price		$ 3.09	[1]	$ 3.09	[2]
Face Amount		$ 135	[1]	$ 135	[2]
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[1]	0	[2]
Debt Premium	[1]	0
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)		135	[1]	$ 135	[2]
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[1]	$ 0
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[3]			Nov. 04, 2017
Maturity Date	[3]	In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[3]	10.00%		10.00%
Conversion Price	[3]	$ 0.26
Face Amount	[3]	$ 1,578		$ 2,450
Remaining Debt Discount	[3]	0		0
Debt Premium	[3]	0
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)	[3]	1,592
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[3]	$ 14
Notes Payable, Current	[3]			$ 2,450
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date		On Demand	[4]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate		10.00%	[4]	10.00%
Conversion Price	[4]
Face Amount		$ 2,170	[4]	$ 50
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[4]	0
Debt Premium	[4]	0
Notes Payable, Related Parties, Current				$ 50
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[4]	0
Notes Payable, Current	[4]	$ 2,170
Eighteen Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[5]	In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[5]	18.00%
Conversion Price	[5]	$ 0.26
Face Amount	[5]	$ 1,183
Remaining Debt Discount	[5]	0
Debt Premium	[5]	348
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)	[5]	1,768
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[5]	$ 237
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date		Various
Stated Interest Rate	[6]	8.00%
Conversion Price	[6]
Face Amount	[6]	$ 5,620
Remaining Debt Discount	[6]	(400)
Debt Premium	[6]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[6]	0
Notes Payable, Current	[6]	$ 5,220
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[6]	Jun. 30, 2018
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[6]	Sep. 03, 2017
Zero Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[7]	Sep. 01, 2017
Stated Interest Rate	[7]	0.00%
Conversion Price	[7]
Face Amount	[7]	$ 226
Remaining Debt Discount	[7]	(2)
Debt Premium	[7]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[7]	0
Notes Payable, Current	[7]	$ 224
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[7]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[7]	12.00%
Conversion Price	[7]
Face Amount	[7]	$ 300
Remaining Debt Discount	[7]	(83)
Debt Premium	[7]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[7]	0
Notes Payable, Current	[7]	$ 217
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date				On Demand
Stated Interest Rate				12.00%
Face Amount				$ 260
Remaining Debt Discount				0
Notes Payable, Related Parties, Current				$ 260
Short term mortgage loan [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date		Nov. 16, 2017
Stated Interest Rate		12.00%		12.00%
Face Amount		$ 6,225		$ 10,156
Remaining Debt Discount		(110)		(365)
Debt Premium		0
Secured Debt, Current		6,115		$ 9,791
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Short term mortgage loan [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date				Nov. 16, 2017
Short term mortgage loan [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date				Aug. 13, 2017
Five Percent 2014 Senior convertible note [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[8]			Aug. 15, 2017
Stated Interest Rate	[8]			5.00%
Conversion Price	[8]			$ 6.60
Face Amount	[8]			$ 11,000
Remaining Debt Discount	[8]			(175)
Convertible Notes, Net (Includes Related Party Of 0 and 3,588 In 2012 and 2011, Respectively)	[8]			$ 10,825
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Long-term Debt		$ 4,700
Share Settled Debt [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]	In Default		In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[9]	18.00%		18.00%
Conversion Price	[9]	$ 0.16		$ 0.35
Face Amount	[9]	$ 4,749		$ 5,200
Remaining Debt Discount	[9]	0		0
Debt Premium	[9]	0
Short-term Debt, Fair Value	[9]	4,749		$ 5,200
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[9]	$ 0
Long term mortgage loan [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[10]	Aug. 13, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[10]	12.00%
Conversion Price	[10]
Face Amount	[10]	$ 4,478
Remaining Debt Discount	[10]	(25)
Debt Premium	[10]	0
Secured Long-term Debt, Noncurrent	[10]	4,453
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[10]	$ 0
Twelve Percent Secured [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[8]	Jun. 21, 2020
Stated Interest Rate	[8]	12.00%
Conversion Price	[8]	$ 0.50
Face Amount	[8]	$ 6,000
Remaining Debt Discount	[8]	(2,443)
Debt Premium	[8]	0
Convertible Notes Payable, Noncurrent	[8]	5,383
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[8]	$ 1,826
Eight Percent unsecured note [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[6]			Jun. 30, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[6]			8.00%
Conversion Price	[6]
Face Amount	[6]			$ 3,310
Remaining Debt Discount	[6]			(310)
Secured Debt, Current	[6]			$ 3,000

[1] This $135,000 note as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

[2] This $135,000 note as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

[3] On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreement (“the Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term. On April 12, 2017, the Company entered a note amendment (“the Amendment”) with the Holder. The maturity date was amended to June 30, 2017, and the Holder was granted an option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.4 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment. On May 22, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert approximately $872,000 principal and $128,000 accrued interest of the Notes into 5,555,556 shares of common stock at fair value of $0.16, and 8,333,334 warrants at fair value of $0.11 using Black-Scholes model. The Company recorded approximately $349,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

[4] Related Party Notes Goldman Notes During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $850,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice by Mr. Goldman to the Company. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company $420,000 pursuant to two Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). The Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $730,000 to settle all of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of outstanding debt before 2017. Toucan Notes During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. In June 2017, the Company repaid $150,000 of the Toucan Notes. Board of Directors Notes During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

[5] On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “OID Notes”) with unrelated third parties (the “Holders”) in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate. On April 10, 2017, the Company entered into multiple note amendments (“the Amendment”) with the OID Notes holders. The maturity date was amended to June 10, 2017, and the Holders were granted the option to convert outstanding principal amount and accrued interest into a package of (i) one share of common stock at the conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term. The Company recorded approximately $1.0 million debt extinguishment loss from this amendment. On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the OID Notes holders. The Company accrued an additional $348,000 debt premium on the prepaid portion and any unpaid portion of the OID Notes after the maturity date pursuant to the default provision.

[6] During six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. The Notes carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $186,000 as of June 30, 2017. On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3,310,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Note was approximately $214,000 as of June 30, 2017.

[7] On June 29, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor for the amount of $300,000. The Note bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued 833,333 warrants with a strike price of $0.18 in conjunction the note. The Company recorded $84,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants. On March 1, 2017, the Company entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) agreement with an investor in the original principal amount of $226,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for net proceeds of $220,000 with no stated interest rate.

[8] 2014 Senior Convertible Notes Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments was completed during the six months ended June 30, 2017, through a series of transactions. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7,089,860 common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below. 2017 Secured Convertible Notes On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated institutional investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $350,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $325,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of June 30, 2017 was $6.0 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes. The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. The was no change in fair value from these embedded conversion features from June 21, 2017 to June 30, 2017.

[9] During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $0.5 million of outstanding share-settled debt.

[10] The mortgage loan, which was originally due in August 2017 has been auto renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018.

XML

Outstanding Debt (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Other interest expenses	$ 3	$ 0	$ 5	$ 1
Additional debt premium	348		348
Amortization of debt discount			687	431
Interest Expense, Debt	1,308	729	2,502	1,447
Secured Debt [Member]
Contractual interest	360	332	649	665
Amortization of debt issuance costs	123	152	242	291
Interest Expense, Debt	483	484	891	956
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member]
Contractual interest	245	38	389	76
Additional debt premium	348	0	348	0
Amortization of debt discount	190	0	270	0
Interest Expense, Debt	783	38	1,007	76
Senior Convertiable Note [Member]
Contractual interest	39	137	424	274
Amortization of debt issuance costs	0	70	175	140
Interest and Debt Expense	$ 39	$ 207	$ 599	$ 414

XML

Outstanding Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)							1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 14, 2017	Apr. 12, 2017	Apr. 10, 2017	Mar. 03, 2017	Mar. 01, 2017	Nov. 04, 2016	Jun. 29, 2017	Jun. 21, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	May 22, 2017	Mar. 30, 2017	Dec. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount									$ 500,000	$ 2,000,000					$ 451,000	$ 0
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued									3,300,000	11,137,345
Debt Instrument, Face Amount													$ 32,664,000		32,664,000			$ 32,561,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount													$ 3,063,000		$ 3,063,000			850,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights													$ 0.33		$ 0.33
Notes Payable													$ 135,000		$ 135,000			135,000
Legal Fees													2,003,000	$ 4,541,000	5,935,000	5,481,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable															3,973,000	0
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt									$ (400,000)	$ (700,000)			(7,007,000)	$ 0	(8,542,000)	0
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability													$ 2,075,000		$ 2,075,000
Debt Instrument, Increase, Accrued Interest										$ 128,000
Note One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage							12.00%						8.00%		8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount							$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount													$ 186,000		$ 186,000
Debt Instrument, Term															6 months
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right							833,333
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights							$ 0.18
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs							$ 84,000								$ 300,000
Legal Fees															10,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal															2,310,000
Note Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage					3.00%							8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount					$ 226,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount												$ 214,000
Debt Instrument, Term												18 months
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs												$ 300,000
Legal Fees												10,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal												$ 3,310,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable					$ 220,000
Promissory Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 2,450,000
Debt Instrument, Term						1 year
Note Due In 2011 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable													$ 110,000		$ 110,000				$ 25,000
Goldman Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													10.00%		10.00%		12.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount													$ 850,000		$ 850,000		$ 420,000
Debt Instrument, Term													7 days
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal															730,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest															47,000
Six Percentage Note Payable One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable													$ 110,000		$ 110,000
Six Percentage Note Payable Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable																		$ 25,000
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued	1,000,000										2,500,000				3,500,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal																$ 500,000
ODI Notes Holders [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				3.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 1,450,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount													348,000		$ 348,000
Repayments of Notes Payable		$ 258,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable				$ 1,400,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt			$ 1,000,000
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability													237,000		237,000
Debt Instrument, Description			(i) one share of common stock at the conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term.
Note Amendment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt		$ 1,400,000
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability													14,000		$ 14,000
Debt Instrument, Description															(i) one share of common stock at conversion price of $0.26, (ii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $0.26 with a 5 years term, and (iii) 0.75 of a warrant with a strike price of $1.00 with a 3 months term.
Senior Convertible Notes 2014 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued															7,089,860
Repayments of Other Long-term Debt															$ 3,000,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount													500,000		500,000
Repayments Of Convertible Notes Payable															11,000,000
Fair Value Of Common Stock															2,100,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal															5,000,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest															660,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt															2,600,000
Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								12.00%
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative, Net													$ 1,800,000		$ 1,800,000
Debt Instrument, Term								3 years
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal								$ 6,000,000
Debt Instrument, Description															The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share.
Investor [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								9.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 5,000,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal								$ 5,600,000
Toucan Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													10.00%		10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount													$ 1,170,000		$ 1,170,000
Debt Instrument, Term													7 days
Repayments of Notes Payable													$ 150,000
Board of Directors Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage													10.00%		10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount													$ 300,000		$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Term													7 days
Investor Another Secured Notes [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								9.00%
Repayments Of Convertible Notes Payable								$ 325,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal								$ 350,000
Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued										5,555,556
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price										$ 0.16
Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued										8,333,334
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price										$ 0.11
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights													$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Common Stock and Warrants [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2014 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal															$ 3,000,000

XML

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	192,778	47,760
Common stock options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	12,656	1,551
Common stock warrants equity treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	37,554	23,276
Common stock warrants liability treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	84,135	21,169
Convertible notes and accrued interest [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	27,501	1,764
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	30,932	0

XML

Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate research and development cost - services	$ 5,466,000	$ 8,713,000	$ 10,501,000	$ 22,153,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	32,664,000		32,664,000			$ 32,561,000
Trade Liabilities Waived by Related Parties, Amount	3,750,000		3,750,000
Goldman Note [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 850,000		$ 850,000		$ 420,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%		12.00%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal			$ 730,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest			47,000
Cognate Bioservices [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate research and development cost - services	$ 2,600,000	$ 5,500,000	5,200,000	$ 16,600,000
Accounts Payable, Related Parties	21,400,000		21,400,000			23,400,000
Cognate [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts Payable, Related Parties						$ 3,750,000
Related Party Transaction, Expenses from Transactions with Related Party	1,500,000		2,300,000
Toucan Notes [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 1,170,000		$ 1,170,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%
Repayments of Debt			$ 150,000
Various Related Parties [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 300,000		$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Number of Warrants, Outstanding		58,278
Number of Warrants, Warrants granted	[1]	96,530
Number of Warrants, Warrants exercised for cash		(10,800)
Number of Warrants, Warrants expired and cancellation		(22,319)
Number of Warrants, Outstanding		121,689	58,278
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding		$ 1.78
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants granted	[1]	0.48
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants exercised for cash		0.02
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants expired and cancelled		1.24
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding		$ 0.98	$ 1.78
Remaining Contractual Term		3 years 1 month 6 days	3 years 10 months 10 days

[1] Including approximately 1.0 million ratchet warrants due to the exercise price reset during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details Textual) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Jun. 14, 2017	Apr. 14, 2017	Mar. 10, 2017	Jul. 17, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	May 31, 2017	May 22, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 30, 2017	Mar. 17, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Oct. 17, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Shares Issued, Price Per Share		$ 0.26			$ 0.14		$ 0.18				$ 0.15			$ 0.15
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises												$ 31,000		$ 100,000	$ 4,235,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount					$ 500,000		$ 2,000,000							$ 451,000	0
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues		1,384,615								18,800,000	3,610,452
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued					3,300,000		11,137,345
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock		$ 360,000									$ 552,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.33			$ 0.33
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										0.01	3,274,553			3,274,553
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity										$ 7,500,000
Warrants Not Settleable in Cash, Fair Value Disclosure								$ 713,000				$ 713,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt					$ (400,000)		$ (700,000)				$ (7,007,000)		$ 0	$ (8,542,000)	$ 0
Shares Issued During Period Shares, Upon Exercise Of warrants												3,100,000
Warrants and Rights Outstanding					300,000	$ 1,600,000	900,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											32,664,000			32,664,000			$ 32,561,000
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding					$ 600,000	3,900,000	$ 1,800,000
Long-term Debt											$ 32,026,000			$ 32,026,000			$ 31,711,000
Class Of Warrants Or Rights Number Of Ratchet Warrants											1,000,000			1,000,000
Senior Convertiable Note [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount			$ 1,500,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued			4,039,860								3,050,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 11,000,000								$ 11,000,000			$ 11,000,000
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued	1,000,000								2,500,000					3,500,000
Long-term Debt											4,700,000			$ 4,700,000
2014 Senior Convertible Notes [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount						$ 3,000,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued						20,628,571
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt											(500,000)
Series A Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share										$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights										$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										21,600,000
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term										5 years
Series B Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights										$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										21,600,000
Series C Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights								$ 0.26		$ 0.26		$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										10,000,000
Class Of Warrant Or Right Prefunded Exercise Price								$ 0.25		$ 0.25		$ 0.25
Warrants and Rights Outstanding								$ 6,200,000				$ 6,200,000
Class A Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues				6,939,934
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights		$ 0.26					$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights		1,038,461		16,071,428			8,353,009
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term		5 years					5 years
Class B Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights		$ 1.00					$ 1.00									$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights		1,038,461		1,038,460			8,353,009
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term		3 months					90 days	90 years
Class D Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights					$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights					2,475,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Term					2 years
Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises											$ 69,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues														6,900,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued							8,333,334
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.01			$ 0.01
Warrants and Rights Outstanding											$ 1,100,000			$ 1,100,000
Warrant [Member] | 2014 Senior Convertible Notes [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues						800,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights						$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights						16,071,428
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Term						2 years

XML

Variable Interest Entities (Details Textual) - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2017	Oct. 31, 2016
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Liabilities		$ 5.7
Variable Interest Entity, Reporting Entity Involvement, Maximum Loss Exposure, Amount	$ 4.5

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended
	Aug. 14, 2017	Jun. 22, 2017	Jan. 17, 2014
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value	$ 446,000
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought		The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and purports to seek at least $1 million, interest, and attorneys fees and costs.
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition One [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			$ 3,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Two [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			5,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Three [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			1,500,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Four [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			2,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Five [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			3,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Six [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount			$ 5,000,000

XML

Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($)									1 Months Ended						2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Aug. 07, 2017	Aug. 04, 2017	Aug. 01, 2017	Jul. 11, 2017	Jul. 10, 2017	Jul. 06, 2017	Jun. 14, 2017	Apr. 14, 2017	Jul. 17, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	May 22, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 30, 2017	Mar. 17, 2017	Aug. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Oct. 17, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares Issued, Price Per Share								$ 0.26		$ 0.14	$ 0.18					$ 0.15	$ 0.15
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues								1,384,615						18,800,000		3,610,452
Common Stock, Par Or Stated Value Per Share																$ 0.001	0.001			$ 0.001
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued										3,300,000	11,137,345
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights																$ 0.33	$ 0.33
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount										$ 500,000	$ 2,000,000						$ 451,000	$ 0
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity														$ 7,500,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights														0.01		3,274,553	3,274,553
Class A Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues									6,939,934
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights								$ 0.26			$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights								1,038,461	16,071,428		8,353,009
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term								5 years			5 years
Class B Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights								$ 1.00			$ 1.00								$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights								1,038,461	1,038,460		8,353,009
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term								3 months			90 days	90 years
Class D Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights										$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										2,475,000
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued							1,000,000						2,500,000				3,500,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares Issued, Price Per Share		$ 0.20	$ 0.18		$ 0.12	$ 0.16			$ 0.16
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues			5,000,000	200,000		1,312,500
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share			$ 0.20	$ 0.16
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues			$ 1,000,000	$ 32,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued		5,000,000	9,059,107		3,335,730				10,086,853
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount		$ 1,000,000	$ 1,200,000		$ 412,000				$ 1,600,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt															$ 900,000
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity															$ 4,600,000
Debt Conversion Converted Instrument Accrued Interest Amount			39,000						$ 36,000
Debt Conversion Converted Instrument Premium Amount			$ 407,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Class A Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	13,527,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.27	$ 0.23	$ 0.18						$ 0.18
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights		2,442,890	13,588,663						7,565,139
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term	5 years	2 years	5 years						5 years
Subsequent Event [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	2,700,000
Common Stock, Par Or Stated Value Per Share	$ 13,527,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights		$ 0.30	$ 1.00						$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights		2,442,890	6,794,333						7,565,139
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term		2 years	90 days						90 days
Subsequent Event [Member] | Class D Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights			$ 0.23	$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights			2,500,000	150,000
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term				2 years
Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	0.20
Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 1.00
Unaffiliated Investor [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | Class D Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights			$ 0.30