Note 6 – Restructuring and Related Charges

In fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded pre-tax restructuring and related charges of $28.6 million, $13.4 million, and $28.6 million, respectively, which are reflected in the Restructuring and Related Charges line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income and described in more detail below:

Restructuring and Reinvestment Program:

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated a global program (the "Restructuring and Reinvestment Program") to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting a majority of the expected cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, while the remainder will be reinvested in high-growth digital business opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:

	2018			2017		2016		Total Charges Incurred to Date
Charges by Segment:
Research	$	5,257		$	1,949	$	2,982	$	25,413
Publishing		6,443			1,596		4,507		38,931
Solutions		3,695			1,787		1,042		6,247
Corporate Expenses		13,171			8,023		20,080		95,919
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	28,566		$	13,355	$	28,611	$	166,510

Charges (Credits) by Activity:
Severance	$	27,213		$	8,386	$	16,443	$	114,803
Process Reengineering Consulting		1,815			148		7,191		20,629
Other Activities		(462	)		4,821		4,977		31,078
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	28,566		$	13,355	$	28,611	$	166,510

Other Activities in 2017 and 2016 reflects leased facility consolidations, contract termination costs, and the curtailment of certain defined benefit pension plans.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for fiscal year 2018:

	April 30, 2017		Charges			Payments			Foreign Translation and Reclassification			April 30, 2018
Severance	$	10,082	$	27,213		$	(21,197	)	$	1,181		$	17,279
Process Reengineering Consulting		—		1,815			(1,815	)		—			—
Other Activities		12,708		(462	)		(7,583	)		(1,891	)		2,772
Total	$	22,790	$	28,566		$	(30,595	)	$	(710	)	$	20,051

The restructuring liability for accrued severance costs of $17.3 million is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Approximately $0.9 million and $1.9 million of the Other Activities are included in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2020 until 2022.