Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of asset and liability:

Securities available for sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined using pricing models that vary based on asset class and include available trade, bid and other market information or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives, which includes yield maintenance provisions, interest rate lock commitments and interest rate swaps, is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

TBA mortgage – backed securities: To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, the Company enters into either a forward sales contract to sell loans to investors when using best efforts or a trade of “to-be-announced (TBA)” mortgage-backed securities for mandatory delivery. The forward sales contracts lock in a price for the sale of loans with similar characteristics to the specific rate lock commitments based on a valuation model using observable market data for pricing commitments (Level 2).

Impaired loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the ACL - Loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by a third-party appraisal management company approved by the Board of Directors annually. Once received, the loan officer or a member of the credit department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Appraisals are updated as needed based on facts and circumstances associated with the individual properties. Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management applies an additional discount to real estate appraised values, typically to reflect changes in market conditions since the date of the appraisal if warranted and to cover disposition costs (including selling expenses) based on the intended disposition method of the property. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2).

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at ‎ June 30, 2023 using Significant ‎Other Observable Inputs
	(Level 2)
	(unaudited)
Financial Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Corporate debt	$	7,000
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:
U.S. Treasury		1,956
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		10
Total securities available for sale	$	8,966
Loans held for sale	$	1,355

Derivative assets	$	4,250

Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	4,250


	Fair Value Measurements at ‎ December 31, 2022 using Significant ‎Other Observable Inputs
	(Level 2)
Financial Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Corporate debt	$	7,500
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:
U.S. Treasury		2,925
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		17
Total securities available for sale	$	10,442
Loans held for sale	$	580
Derivative assets	$	4,233
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	4,233

The Company had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that were measured using Level 1 or Level 3 inputs at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities measured at fair value between levels during the periods ended June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2023. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2022 are summarized below:


Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	80
Total impaired loans	$	80

There were no write-downs of impaired collateral dependent loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

Financial Instruments Recorded Using Fair Value Option

The Company has elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on loans held for investment. None of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance and gain or loss on loans held for sale were as follows:



	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
Aggregate fair value	$	1,355	$	580
Contractual balance		1,355		580
Gain (loss)	$	-	$	-

The total amount of gains and losses from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 for loans held for sale were:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(unaudited)				(unaudited)
Interest income	$	10	$	-	$	13	$	172
Interest expense		-		-		-		-
Change in fair value		-		92		-		(356)
Total change in fair value	$	10	$	92	$	13	$	(184)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at June 30, 2023 were as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023 Using:
	Carrying
(unaudited)	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	231,600	$	231,600	$	-	$	-	$	231,600
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions		100		100		-		-		100
Securities available for sale		8,966		-		8,966		-		8,966
Equity Securities		5,000		-		5,000		-		5,000
Loans held for sale		1,355		-		1,355		-		1,355
Loans and leases, net		1,631,143		-		-		1,599,936		1,599,936
FHLB and FRB stock		8,736		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Accrued interest receivable		7,505		82		163		7,260		7,505
Derivative assets		4,250		-		4,250		-		4,250

Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	(1,660,083)	$	(1,045,459)	$	(605,664)	$	-	$	(1,651,123)
FHLB advances and other borrowings		(109,978)		-		(109,365)		-		(109,365)
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance		(2,034)		-		-		(2,034)		(2,034)
Subordinated debentures		(14,941)		-		(14,859)		-		(14,859)
Accrued interest payable		(1,762)		-		(1,762)		-		(1,762)
Derivative liabilities		(4,250)		-		(4,250)		-		(4,250)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2022 were as follows:



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using:
	Carrying
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	151,787	$	151,787	$	-	$	-	$	151,787
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions		100		100		-		-		100
Securities available for sale		10,442		-		10,442		-		10,442
Equity Securities		5,000		-		5,000		-		5,000
Loans held for sale		580		-		580		-		580
Loans and leases, net		1,572,255		-		-		1,542,796		1,542,796
FHLB and FRB stock		7,942		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Accrued interest receivable		8,067		70		176		7,821		8,067
Other assets held for sale		1,930		-		-		1,930		1,930
Derivative assets		4,233		-		4,233		-		4,233

Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	(1,527,922)	$	(969,797)	$	(545,871)	$	-	$	(1,515,668)
FHLB advances and other borrowings		(109,461)		-		(105,715)		-		(105,715)
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance		(3,513)		-		-		(3,513)		(3,513)
Subordinated debentures		(14,922)		-		(14,621)		-		(14,621)
Accrued interest payable		(840)		-		(840)		-		(840)
Derivative liabilities		(4,233)		-		(4,233)		-		(4,233)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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