NOTE 5 - FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of asset and liability:

Securities available for sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined using pricing models that vary based on asset class and include available trade, bid and other market information or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives, which includes yield maintenance provisions, interest rate lock commitments and interest rate swaps, is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Impaired loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the ALLL is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by a third-party appraisal management company approved by the Board of Directors annually. Once received, the loan officer or a member of the credit department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Appraisals are updated as needed based on facts and circumstances associated with the individual properties. Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management applies an additional discount to real estate appraised values, typically to reflect changes in market conditions since the date of the appraisal and to cover disposition costs (including selling expenses) based on the intended disposition method of the property. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2). Loans originated as construction loans, that were subsequently transferred to held for sale, are carried at the lower of cost or market, and are excluded from the fair value measurement table; these loans totaled $0 at March 31, 2015 and $1,833 at December 31, 2014.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2015 using Significant Other Observable Inputs
	(Level 2)
Financial Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Corporate debt	$	2,923
State and municipal		-
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:
U.S. Treasury		5,050
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		664
Collateralized mortgage obligations		748
Total securities available for sale	$	9,385

Loans held for sale		2,412

Yield maintenance provisions (embedded derivatives)	$	327

Interest rate lock commitments	$	14

Financial Liabilities:
Interest-rate swaps	$	327


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 using Significant Other Observable Inputs
	(Level 2)
Financial Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Corporate debt	$	2,936
State and municipal		886
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:
U.S. Treasury		5,011
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		727
Collateralized mortgage obligations		885
Total securities available for sale	$	10,445

Loans held for sale		1,672

Yield maintenance provisions (embedded derivatives)	$	318

Interest rate lock commitments	$	25

Financial Liabilities:
Interest-rate swaps	$	318

The Company had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that were measured using Level 1 or Level 3 inputs at March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:


Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2015 Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	153
Real Estate:
Single-family residential		122
Multi-family residential		-
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-
Owner occupied		222
Land		279
Total impaired loans	$	776


Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	157
Real Estate:
Single-family residential		123
Multi-family residential		-
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-
Owner occupied		225
Land		289
Total impaired loans	$	794

The Company had no material assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that were measured using Level 1 or Level 2 inputs at March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

Impaired loans that are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a principal balance of $841 with a valuation allowance of $20, at March 31, 2015. There were no write-downs of impaired collateral dependent loans during the three months ended March 31, 2015 or 2014. Impaired loans that are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a principal balance of $867, with a valuation allowance of $20 at December 31, 2014.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not have any significant transfers of assets or liabilities between those measured using Level 1, 2 or 3 inputs. The Company recognizes transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and 2 inputs based on the information relating to those assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting period.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2015:


		Fair Value	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Inputs	(Range) Weighted Average
Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	153	Income approach	Adjustment for differences in net operating income expectations	-16.00%
Commercial real estate:
Single-family residential		122	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	2.35%
Commercial:
Owner occupied		222	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	-12.21%
Land		279	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	8.10%

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measures at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2014:


		Fair Value	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Inputs	(Range) Weighted Average
Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	157	Income approach	Adjustment for differences in net operating income expectations	-16.00%
Commercial real estate:
Single -family residential		123	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	2.35%
Commercial:
Owner occupied		225	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	-12.21%
Land		289	Comparable sales approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable market transactions	8.10%

Financial Instruments Recorded Using Fair Value Option

The Company has elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Loans originated as construction loans, that were subsequently transferred to held for sale, are carried at the lower of cost or market and are not included. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on loans held for investment. None of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance and gain or loss of loans held for sale were as follows:



		March 31, 2015		December 31, 2014

Aggregate fair value	$	2,412	$	1,672
Contractual balance		2,385		1,657
Gain (loss)		27		15

The total amount of gains and losses from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 for loans held for sale were:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2015		2014
Interest income	$	29	$	16
Interest expense		-		-
Change in fair value		12		16
Total change in fair value	$	41	$	32

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2015 were as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2015 Using:
	Carrying
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,894	$	23,894	$	-	$	-	$	23,894
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions		494		494		-		-		494
Securities available for sale		9,385		-		9,385		-		9,385
Loans held for sale		2,412		-		2,412		-		2,412
Loans, net		266,259		-		-		267,644		267,644
FHLB stock		1,942		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Accrued interest receivable		807		2		49		756		807
Yield maintenance provisions (embedded derivatives)		327		-		327		-		327
Interest rate lock commitments		14		-		14		-		14

Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	(260,738)	$	(120,707)	$	(140,663)	$	-	$	(261,370)
FHLB advances and other borrowings		(14,500)		-		(14,760)		-		(14,760)
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance		(301)		-		-		(301)		(301)
Subordinated debentures		(5,155)		-		(2,927)		-		(2,927)
Accrued interest payable		(51)		-		(51)		-		(51)
Interest-rate swaps		(327)		-		(327)		-		(327)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2014 were as follows:



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 Using:
	Carrying
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,207	$	28,207	$	-	$	-	$	28,207
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions		494		494		-		-		494
Securities available for sale		10,445		-		10,445		-		10,445
Loans held for sale		1,672		-		1,672		-		1,672
Loans, net		257,831		-		-		258,079		258,079
FHLB stock		1,942		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Accrued interest receivable		34		2		32		-		34
Yield maintenance provisions (embedded derivatives)		318		-		318		-		318
Interest rate lock commitments		25		-		25		-		25

Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	(258,315)	$	(121,132)	$	(137,700)	$	-	$	(258,832)
FHLB advances and other borrowings		(14,500)		-		(14,663)		-		(14,663)
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance		(401)		-				(401)		(401)
Subordinated debentures		(5,155)		-		(2,536)		-		(2,536)
Accrued interest payable		(48)		-		(48)		-		(48)
Interest-rate swaps		(318)		-		(318)		-		(318)

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Financial Institutions

The carrying amounts of interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.

FHLB Stock

It is not practical to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

Loans

Fair values of loans, excluding loans held for sale, are estimated as follows: For variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values resulting in a Level 3 classification. Fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality resulting in a Level 3 classification. Impaired loans are valued at the lower of cost or fair value as described previously. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do not necessarily represent an exit price.

Deposits

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest bearing checking, passbook savings, and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting in a Level 1 classification. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flows calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Other Borrowings

The fair values of the Company’s long-term FHLB advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.

The fair values of the Company’s subordinated debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a Level 1, 2 or 3 classification, consistent with the asset or liability with which they are associated.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments

The fair value of off-balance-sheet items is not considered material.