(6) Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sale transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020 and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period-end.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” established a fair value hierarchy that prioritized the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In thousands)	September 30, 2020		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
State and political subdivisions		189,364		-		189,364		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		23,635		-		23,635		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		52,553		-		52,553		-
Corporate debt securities		4,118		4,118		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		269,670	$	4,118	$	265,552		-
Equity securities		273		273		-		-
Total securities measured at fair value	$	269,943	$	4,391	$	265,552	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In thousands)	June 30, 2020		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	504	$	-	$	504	$	-
State and political subdivisions		177,107		-		177,107		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		15,528		-		15,528		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		28,910		-		28,910		-
Corporate debt securities		4,660		4,660		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		226,709		4,660		222,049		-
Equity securities		267		267		-		-
Total securities measured at fair value	$	226,976	$	4,927	$	222,049	$	-

Certain investments that are actively traded and have quoted market prices have been classified as Level 1 valuations. Other available-for-sale investment securities have been valued by reference to prices for similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2.

In addition to disclosures of the fair value of assets on a recurring basis, FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” requires disclosures for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired assets, in the period in which a re-measurement at fair value is performed. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated as required by the “Receivables –Loan Impairment” subtopic of the FASB ASC when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans are those loans in which the Company has measured impairment based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral or the discounted value of expected future cash flows. Fair value is generally determined based upon market value evaluations by third parties of the properties and/or estimates by management of working capital collateral or discounted cash flows based upon expected proceeds. These appraisals may include up to three approaches to value: the sales comparison approach, the income approach (for income-producing property), and the cost approach. Management modifies the appraised values, if needed, to take into account recent developments in the market or other factors, such as, changes in absorption rates or market conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition. Such modifications to the appraised values could result in lower valuations of such collateral. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. These measurements are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. Impaired loans are subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustment upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance.

							Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
September 30, 2020
Impaired loans	$	2,055	$	214	$	1,841	$	-	$	-	$	1,841

June 30, 2020
Impaired loans	$	1,809	$	228	$	1,581	$	-	$	-	$	1,581

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Level 3 inputs were utilized to determine fair value:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
September 30, 2020
Impaired Loans	$	1,407	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		8.57%-33.73	%		26.83	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾		3.98%-5.49	%		4.38	%
		434	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate		4.19%-6.63	%		5.64	%
June 30, 2020
Impaired loans	$	1,143	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		8.57%-33.73	%		27.55	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾	3.98%-6.88		%	4.64		%
		438	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	4.19%-6.63		%		5.64	%

⁽¹⁾

Fair value is generally determined through independent third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable.

⁽²⁾

Appraisals may be adjusted downwards by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions. Higher downward adjustments are caused by negative changes to the collateral or conditions in the real estate market, actual offers or sales contracts received or age of the appraisal.

⁽³⁾

Appraisals are adjusted downwards by management for qualitative factors such as the estimated costs to liquidate the collateral.

The carrying amounts reported in the statements of financial condition for cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximate their fair values. Fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices (Level 1), where available, or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value due to its restricted nature. The fair values for loans are measured using the "exit price" notion which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for variable rate loans that reprice frequently, with no significant credit risk, are based on carrying value. Fair value for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values disclosed for demand and savings deposits are equal to carrying amounts at the reporting date. The carrying amounts for variable rate money market deposits approximate fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered in the market on similar certificates. Fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank long term borrowings and borrowings from other banks are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered on similar borrowings. Fair value for subordinated notes payable is estimated based upon quotes from its pricing service based on a discounted cash flow methodology or utilizes observations of recent highly-similar transactions. The carrying value of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings approximates its fair value.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated based on an analysis of the interest rates and fees currently charged to enter into similar transactions, considering the remaining terms of the commitments and the credit-worthiness of the potential borrowers. At September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the estimated fair values of these off-balance sheet financial instruments were immaterial, and are therefore excluded from the table below.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2020				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	76,167	$	76,167	$	76,167	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		4,094		4,094		4,094		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		269,670		269,670		4,118		265,552		-
Securities held-to-maturity		390,107		413,566		-		413,566		-
Equity securities		273		273		273		-		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		1,158		1,158		-		1,158		-
Net loans receivable		1,028,782		1,035,062		-		-		1,035,062
Accrued interest receivable		8,395		8,395		-		8,395		-
Deposits		1,618,993		1,619,525		-		1,619,525		-
Borrowings		6,100		6,212		-		6,212		-
Subordinated notes payable, net		19,633		19,102		-		19,102		-
Accrued interest payable		130		130		-		130		-

(In thousands)	June 30, 2020				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,463	$	40,463	$	40,463	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		4,070		4,070		4,070		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		226,709		226,709		4,660		222,049		-
Securities held-to-maturity		383,657		405,512		-		405,512		-
Equity Securities		267		267		267		-		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		1,226		1,226		-		1,226		-
Net loans receivable		993,522		1,004,031		-		-		1,004,031
Accrued interest receivable		8,207		8,027		-		8,027		-
Deposits		1,501,075		1,051,628		-		1,501,628		-
Borrowings		25,484		25,602		-		25,602		-
Accrued interest payable		119		119		-		119		-