Note 17. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sale transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period-end.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” established a fair value hierarchy that prioritized the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	June 30, 2020		Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	504	$	-	$	504	$	-
State and political subdivisions		177,107		-		177,107		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		15,528		-		15,528		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		28,910		-		28,910		-
Corporate debt securities		4,660		4,660		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		226,709		4,660		222,049		-
Equity securities		267		267		-		-
Total securities measured at fair value	$	226,976	$	4,927	$	222,049	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	June 30, 2019		Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	5,553	$	-	$	5,553	$	-
State and political subdivisions		96,570		-		96,570		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		2,645		-		2,645		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		16,410		-		16,410		-
Corporate debt securities		1,550		1,550		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		122,728		1,550		121,178		-
Equity securities		253		253		-		-
Total securities measured at fair value	$	122,981	$	1,803	$	121,178	$	-

Certain investments that are actively traded and have quoted market prices have been classified as Level 1 valuations. Other available-for-sale investment securities have been valued by reference to prices for similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2.

In addition to disclosures of the fair value of assets on a recurring basis, FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” requires disclosures for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired assets, in the period in which a re-measurement at fair value is performed. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated as required by the “Receivables – Loan Impairment” subtopic of the FASB ASC when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans are those loans for which the Company has re-measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan and, as a result, the carrying value of the loan less the calculated valuation amount may not necessarily represent the actual fair value of the loan. Real estate collateral is typically valued using independent appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace and the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have generally been classified as Level 3. Estimates of fair value used for other collateral supporting commercial loans generally are based on assumptions not observable in the marketplace and therefore such valuations have been classified as Level 3.

							Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
June 30, 2020
Impaired loans	$	1,809	$	228	$	1,581	$	-	$	-	$	1,581

June 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	2,335	$	262	$	2,073	$	-	$	-	$	2,073
Foreclosed real estate		53		-		53		-		-		53

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Level 3 inputs were utilized to determine fair value:

						Weighted
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range	Average
June 30, 2020
Impaired Loans	$	1,143	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾	8.57%-33.73%	27.55%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾	3.98%-6.88%	4.64%
		438	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	4.19%-6.63%	5.64%
June 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	1,403	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾	0.00%-33.73%	24.48%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾	3.98%-6.00%	4.53%
		670	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	4.19%-8.66%	6.07%
Foreclosed real estate		53	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾	0.00%-0.00%	0.00%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾	10.41%	10.41%

⁽¹⁾	Fair value is generally determined through independent third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable.

⁽²⁾	Appraisals may be adjusted downwards by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions. Higher downward adjustments are caused by negative changes to the collateral or conditions in the real estate market, actual offers or sales contracts received or age of the appraisal.

⁽³⁾	Appraisals may be adjusted downwards by management for items such as the estimated costs to liquidate the collateral.

No other financial assets or liabilities were re-measured during the year on a nonrecurring basis.

The carrying amounts reported in the statements of financial condition for cash and cash equivalents, long term certificate of deposits, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximate their fair values. Fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices (Level 1), where available, or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value due to its restricted nature. Fair values for variable rate loans that reprice frequently, with no significant credit risk, are based on carrying value. Fair value for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values disclosed for demand and savings deposits are equal to carrying amounts at the reporting date. The carrying amounts for variable rate money market deposits approximate fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered in the market on similar certificates. Fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank long term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered on similar borrowings. The carrying value of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings approximates its fair value.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated based on an analysis of the interest rates and fees currently charged to enter into similar transactions, considering the remaining terms of the commitments and the credit-worthiness of the potential borrowers. At June 30, 2020 and 2019, the estimated fair values of these off-balance sheet financial instruments were immaterial, and are therefore excluded from the table below.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2020				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,463	$	40,463	$	40,463	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		4,070		4,070		4,070		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		226,709		226,709		4,660		222,049		-
Securities held-to-maturity		383,657		405,512		-		405,512		-
Equity Securities		267		267		267		-		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		1,226		1,226		-		1,226		-
Net loans receivable		993,522		1,004,031		-		-		1,004,031
Accrued interest receivable		8,207		8,207		-		8,207		-
Deposits		1,501,075		1,501,628		-		1,501628		-
Borrowings		25,484		25,602		-		25,602		-
Accrued interest payable		119		119		-		119		-

(In thousands)	June 30, 2019				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,538	$	29,538	$	29,538	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		2,875		2,875		2,875		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		122,728		122,728		1,550		121,178		-
Securities held-to-maturity		304,208		313,613		-		313,613		-
Equity securities		253		253		253		-		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		1,759		1,759		-		1,759		-
Net loans receivable		785,738		781,614		-		-		781,614
Accrued interest receivable		5,853		5,853		-		5,853		-
Deposits		1,120,569		1,120,632		-		1,120,632		-
Borrowings		21,600		21,534		-		21,534		-
Accrued interest payable		110		110		-		110		-