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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we effected changes in the primary financial information provided to our CODM (our Chief Executive Officer) for assessing performance and allocating resources to present two operating segments, Crude Oil and NGL. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2021, this information was organized into three operating segments: Transportation, Facilities and Supply and Logistics. The change in our segments is reflective of a change in how our CODM views our business and stems primarily from (i) a multi-year transition in the midstream energy industry driven by increased competition that has reduced the stand alone earnings opportunities of our supply and logistics activities such that those activities now primarily support our effort to increase the utilization of our Crude Oil and NGL assets and (ii) internal changes regarding the oversight and reporting of our assets and related results of operations. All segment data and related disclosures for earlier periods presented herein have been recast to reflect the new segment reporting structure.

Our operating segments, which are also our reportable segments, are organized by product as our Crude Oil and NGL businesses are generally impacted by different market fundamentals and require the use of different assets and business strategies. The Crude Oil segment includes our crude oil pipelines, crude oil storage and marine terminals and related crude oil marketing activities. The NGL segment includes our NGL pipelines, NGL storage, natural gas processing and NGL fractionation facilities and related NGL marketing activities. In our historical segment reporting, our marketing activities were presented separately from our other operating activities. Our crude oil and NGL marketing activities are now included in the respective reporting segments as their primary purpose is to support the utilization of our assets by entering into transactions that facilitate increased volumes handled by our assets, resulting in additional earnings for each of our segments.

Our CODM evaluates segment performance based on measures including Segment Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) and maintenance capital. The measure of Segment Adjusted EBITDA forms the basis of our internal financial reporting and is the primary performance measure used by our CODM in assessing performance and allocating resources among our operating segments. We define Segment Adjusted EBITDA as revenues and equity earnings in unconsolidated entities less (a) purchases and related costs, (b) field operating costs and (c) segment general and administrative expenses, plus (d) our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense of unconsolidated entities, further adjusted (e) for certain selected items including (i) gains and losses on derivative instruments that are related to underlying activities in another period (or the reversal of such adjustments from a prior period), gains and losses on derivatives that are related to investing activities (such as the purchase of linefill) and inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable, (ii) long-term inventory costing adjustments, (iii) charges for obligations that are expected to be settled with the issuance of equity instruments, (iv) amounts related to deficiencies associated with minimum volume commitments, net of the applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue and (v) other items that our CODM believes are integral to understanding our core segment operating performance and (f) to exclude the portion of all preceding items that is attributable to noncontrolling interests (“Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests”).

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we modified our definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to exclude amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests. In connection with the Permian JV formation in October 2021, our CODM determined this modification resulted in amounts that were more meaningful to evaluate segment performance. Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests for periods prior have been recast to reflect this modification.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization. As an MLP, we make quarterly distributions of our “available cash” (as defined in our partnership agreement) to our unitholders. We look at each period’s earnings before non-cash depreciation and amortization as an important measure of segment performance. The exclusion of depreciation and amortization expense could be viewed as limiting the usefulness of Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure because it does not account in current periods for the implied reduction in value of our capital assets, such as pipelines and facilities, caused by age-related decline and wear and tear. We compensate for this limitation by recognizing that depreciation and amortization are largely offset by repair and maintenance investments, which act to partially offset the aging and wear and tear in the value of our principal fixed assets. These maintenance investments are a component of field operating costs included in Segment Adjusted EBITDA or in maintenance capital, depending on the nature of the cost. Capital expenditures made to expand the existing operating and/or earnings capacity of our assets are classified as investment capital. Capital expenditures for the replacement and/or refurbishment of partially or fully depreciated assets in order to maintain the operating and/or earnings capacity of our existing assets are classified as maintenance capital, which is deducted in determining “available cash.” Repair and maintenance expenditures incurred in order to maintain the day to day operation of our existing assets are charged to expense as incurred. Assets are not reviewed by our CODM on a segmented basis; therefore, such information is not presented.
The following tables reflect certain financial data for each segment (in millions):

Crude OilNGLIntersegment Revenues
Elimination		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Revenues (1):
Product sales$39,395 $1,829 $(341)$40,883 
Services1,075 139 (19)1,195 
Total revenues$40,470 $1,968 $(360)$42,078 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$274 $— $274 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$1,909 $285 $2,194 
Investment and acquisition capital expenditures (2) (3)
$212 $57 $269 
Maintenance capital expenditures (3)
$100 $68 $168 
As of December 31, 2021
Investments in unconsolidated entities$3,805 $— $3,805 

Crude OilNGLIntersegment Revenues
Elimination		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Revenues (1):
Product sales$21,089 $1,218 $(249)$22,058 
Services1,110 142 (20)1,232 
Total revenues$22,199 $1,360 $(269)$23,290 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$355 $— $355 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $2,216 $327 $2,543 
Investment and acquisition capital expenditures (2) (3)
$1,182 $49 $1,231 
Maintenance capital expenditures (3)
$171 $45 $216 
As of December 31, 2020
Investments in unconsolidated entities$3,764 $— $3,764 

Crude OilNGLIntersegment Revenues
Elimination		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Revenues (1):
Product sales$30,375 $2,302 $(405)$32,272 
Services1,280 137 (20)1,397 
Total revenues$31,655 $2,439 $(425)$33,669 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$388 $— $388 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $2,753 $467 $3,220 
Investment and acquisition capital expenditures (2) (3)
$1,332 $58 $1,390 
Maintenance capital expenditures (3)
$248 $39 $287 
As of December 31, 2019   
Investments in unconsolidated entities$3,683 $— $3,683 
(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated in Purchases and related costs. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed or renegotiated.
(2)Investment and acquisition capital expenditures, including investments in unconsolidated entities.
(3)These amounts combined represent total capital expenditures.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net income/(loss) attributable to PAA (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$2,194 $2,543 $3,220 
Adjustments (1):
Depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated entities (2)
(123)(73)(62)
Gains/(losses) from derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments (3)
271 (480)(160)
Long-term inventory costing adjustments (4)
94 (44)20 
Deficiencies under minimum volume commitments, net (5)
7 (74)18 
Equity-indexed compensation expense (6)
(19)(19)(17)
Net gain/(loss) on foreign currency revaluation (7)
4 3 (14)
Line 901 incident (8)
(15)— (10)
Significant transaction-related expenses (9)
(16)(3)— 
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (10)
94 14 10 
Depreciation and amortization(774)(653)(601)
Gains/(losses) on asset sales and asset impairments, net(592)(719)(28)
Goodwill impairment losses— (2,515)— 
Gain on/(impairment of) investments in unconsolidated entities, net2 (182)271 
Interest expense, net(425)(436)(425)
Other income, net19 39 24 
Income/(loss) before tax721 (2,599)2,246 
Income tax (expense)/benefit(73)19 (66)
Net income/(loss)648 (2,580)2,180 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(55)(10)(9)
Net income/(loss) attributable to PAA$593 $(2,590)$2,171 
(1)Represents adjustments utilized by our CODM in the evaluation of segment results.
(2)Includes our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense (including write-downs related to cancelled projects) of unconsolidated entities.
(3)We use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and our related processes include specific identification of hedging instruments to an underlying hedged transaction. Although we identify an underlying transaction for each derivative instrument we enter into, there may not be an accounting hedge relationship between the instrument and the underlying transaction. In the course of evaluating our results, we identify differences in the timing of earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions and exclude the related gains and losses in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA such that the earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions impact Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same period. In addition, we exclude gains and losses on derivatives that are related to investing activities, such as the purchase of linefill. We also exclude the impact of corresponding inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable.
(4)We carry crude oil and NGL inventory that is comprised of minimum working inventory requirements in third-party assets and other working inventory that is needed for our commercial operations. We consider this inventory necessary to conduct our operations and we intend to carry this inventory for the foreseeable future. Therefore, we classify this inventory as long-term on our balance sheet and do not hedge the inventory with derivative instruments (similar to linefill in our own assets). We exclude the impact of changes in the average cost of the long-term inventory (that result from fluctuations in market prices) and write-downs of such inventory that result from price declines from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(5)We, and certain of our equity method investments, have certain agreements that require counterparties to deliver, transport or throughput a minimum volume over an agreed upon period. Substantially all of such agreements were entered into with counterparties to economically support the return on our capital expenditure necessary to construct the related asset. Some of these agreements include make-up rights if the minimum volume is not met. We record a receivable from the counterparty in the period that services are provided or when the transaction occurs, including amounts for deficiency obligations from counterparties associated with minimum volume commitments. If a counterparty has a make-up right associated with a deficiency, we defer the revenue attributable to the counterparty’s make-up right and subsequently recognize the revenue at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is delivered or shipped, when the make-up right expires or when it is determined that the counterparty’s ability to utilize the make-up right is remote. We include the impact of amounts billed to counterparties for their deficiency obligation, net of applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue, as a selected item impacting comparability. Our CODM views the inclusion of the contractually committed revenues associated with that period as meaningful to Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the related asset has been constructed, is standing ready to provide the committed service and the fixed operating costs are included in the current period results.
(6)Our total equity-indexed compensation expense includes expense associated with awards that will be settled in units and awards that will be settled in cash. The awards that will be settled in units are included in our diluted net income per unit calculation when the applicable performance criteria have been met. We exclude compensation expense associated with these awards in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the dilutive impact of the outstanding awards is included in our diluted net income per unit calculation, as applicable. The portion of compensation expense associated with awards that will settle in cash is not excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA. See Note 18 for information regarding our equity-indexed compensation plans.
(7)During the periods presented, there were fluctuations in the value of CAD to USD, resulting in the realization of foreign exchange gains and losses on the settlement of foreign currency transactions as well as the revaluation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. These gains and losses are not integral to our core operating performance and were therefore excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(8)Includes costs recognized during the period related to the Line 901 incident that occurred in May 2015, net of amounts we believe are probable of recovery from insurance. See Note 19 for additional information regarding the Line 901 incident.
(9)Includes expenses associated with the Permian JV transaction in 2021 and the Felix Midstream LLC acquisition in 2020. See Note 7 for additional discussion. An adjustment for these non-recurring expenses is included in the calculation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 as our CODM does not view such expenses as integral to understanding our core segment operating performance.
(10)Reflects amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Permian JV (beginning October 2021) and Red River LLC.
Geographic Data

We have operations in the United States and Canada. Set forth below are revenues and long-lived assets attributable to these geographic areas (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
Revenues (1)
202120202019
United States$34,458 $17,942 $27,162 
Canada7,620 5,348 6,507 
$42,078 $23,290 $33,669 
(1)Revenues are primarily attributed to each region based on where the services are provided or the product is shipped.

December 31,
Long-Lived Assets (1)
20212020
United States$18,273 $16,887 
Canada4,094 3,892 
$22,367 $20,779 
(1)Excludes long-term derivative assets, long-term deferred tax assets and goodwill.