10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 ________________________

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from     to

Commission file number 001-38232

 ______________________________________________________

BlackBerry Limited

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Canada			98-0164408
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2200 University Ave East
Waterloo	Ontario	Canada	N2K 0A7
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(519) 888-7465

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares	BB	New York Stock Exchange
Common Shares	BB	Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  x   No  o 

1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐   No  x

The registrant had 585,350,929 common shares issued and outstanding as of December 18, 2023.

2

BLACKBERRY LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Page No.
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2023 (unaudited) and February 28, 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Three and Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	8
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Three and Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	9
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	10
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	60
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	61
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	61
Item 6	Exhibits	62
Signatures		63

3

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company” and “BlackBerry” include BlackBerry Limited and its subsidiaries.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4

BlackBerry Limited

Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario

(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Assets
Current
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	$	210	$	295
Short-term investments (note 3)	—		131
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6 and $1, respectively (note 4)	183		120
Other receivables (note 4)	8		12
Income taxes receivable	5		3
Other current assets (note 4)	44		182
	450		743
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	25		27
Long-term investments (note 3)	36		34
Other long-term assets (note 4)	66		8
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	41		44
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 4)	22		25
Intangible assets, net (note 4)	163		203
Goodwill (note 4)	597		595
	$	1,400	$	1,679
Liabilities
Current
Accounts payable	$	17	$	24
Accrued liabilities (note 4)	125		143
Income taxes payable (note 5)	33		20
Debentures (note 6)	150		367
Deferred revenue, current (note 11)	183		175
	508		729
Deferred revenue, non-current (note 11)	19		40
Operating lease liabilities	47		52
Other long-term liabilities	1		1
	575		822
Commitments and contingencies (note 10)
Shareholders’ equity
Capital stock and additional paid-in capital
Preferred shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, cumulative, redeemable and retractable	—		—
Common shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, redeemable, retractable Class A common shares and unlimited number of voting common shares
Issued and outstanding - 585,339,555 voting common shares (February 28, 2023 - 582,157,203)	2,941		2,909
Deficit	(2,102)		(2,028)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (note 9)	(14)		(24)
	825		857
	$	1,400	$	1,679

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

On behalf of the Board: 

John Giamatteo	Lisa Disbrow
Director	Director

5

BlackBerry Limited

(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

	Three Months Ended November 30, 2023
	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance as at August 31, 2023	$	2,931	$	(2,081)	$	(21)	$	829
Net loss	—		(21)		—		(21)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		7		7
Stock-based compensation	8		—		—		8
Shares issued:
Employee share purchase plan	2		—		—		2
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	2,941	$	(2,102)	$	(14)	$	825

	Three Months Ended November 30, 2022
	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance as at August 31, 2022	$	2,887	$	(1,529)	$	(28)	$	1,330
Net loss	—		(4)		—		(4)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		2		2
Stock-based compensation	9		—		—		9
Shares issued:
Employee share purchase plan	2		—		—		2
Balance as at November 30, 2022	$	2,898	$	(1,533)	$	(26)	$	1,339

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

BlackBerry Limited

(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

	Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023
	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance as at February 28, 2023	$	2,909	$	(2,028)	$	(24)	$	857
Net loss	—		(74)		—		(74)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		10		10
Stock-based compensation (note 7)	28		—		—		28
Shares issued:
Employee share purchase plan (note 7)	4		—		—		4
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	2,941	$	(2,102)	$	(14)	$	825

	Nine Months Ended November 30, 2022
	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance as at February 28, 2022	$	2,869	$	(1,294)	$	(19)	$	1,556
Net loss	—		(239)		—		(239)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(7)		(7)
Stock-based compensation	23		—		—		23
Shares issued:
Employee share purchase plan	6		—		—		6
Balance as at November 30, 2022	$	2,898	$	(1,533)	$	(26)	$	1,339

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

BlackBerry Limited

(United States dollars, in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Revenue (note 11)	$	175	$	169	$	680	$	505
Cost of sales	48		60		289		186
Gross margin	127		109		391		319
Operating expenses
Research and development	42		52		146		159
Selling, marketing and administration	85		89		258		257
Amortization	13		26		42		78
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)	11		—		11		4
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		—		—		(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment (note 6)	(13)		(56)		3		(112)
Litigation settlement (note 10)	—		—		—		165
	138		111		460		545
Operating loss	(11)		(2)		(69)		(226)
Investment income (loss), net (note 3 and note 6)	5		2		15		(1)
Loss before income taxes	(6)		—		(54)		(227)
Provision for income taxes (note 5)	15		4		20		12
Net loss	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(74)	$	(239)
Loss per share (note 8)
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	(0.01)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.41)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(0.09)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.54)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

8

BlackBerry Limited

(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

 

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Net loss	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(74)	$	(239)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net change in fair value and amounts reclassified to net loss from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges during the period, net of income taxes of nil for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 (note 9)	—		—		1		(1)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1		1		3		(9)
Net change in fair value from instrument-specific credit risk on the Debentures, net of income taxes of nil for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 (note 6)	6		1		6		3
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7		2		10		(7)
Comprehensive loss	$	(14)	$	(2)	$	(64)	$	(246)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

9

BlackBerry Limited

(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(74)	$	(239)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization	46		85
Stock-based compensation	28		23
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)	11		4
Intellectual property disposed of by sale (note 4)	147		—
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment (note 6)	3		(112)
Operating leases	(7)		(12)
Other	—		7
Net changes in working capital items
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	(63)		7
Other receivables	4		16
Income taxes receivable	(2)		4
Other assets	(58)		(2)
Accounts payable	(7)		(1)
Accrued liabilities	(16)		(2)
Income taxes payable	13		10
Deferred revenue	(13)		(35)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	12		(253)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of long-term investments	(2)		(2)
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(5)		(5)
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment	—		17
Acquisition of intangible assets	(12)		(24)
Acquisition of short-term investments	(92)		(393)
Proceeds on sale or maturity of short-term investments	223		533
Net cash provided by investing activities	112		126
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common shares	4		6
Maturity of 2020 Debentures (note 6)	(365)		—
Issuance of Extension Debentures (note 6)	150		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(211)		6
Effect of foreign exchange loss on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	—		(3)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents during the period	(87)		(124)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period	322		406
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of period	$	235	$	282

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

10

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

1.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Basis of Presentation and Preparation

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). They do not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of BlackBerry Limited (the “Company”) for the year ended February 28, 2023 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending February 29, 2024. The consolidated balance sheet at February 28, 2023 was derived from the audited Annual Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the Annual Financial Statements.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

The Company is organized and managed as three reportable operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively, “Software & Services”), and Licensing and Other, as further discussed in Note 11.

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described in the Annual Financial Statements other than those noted below.

Critical Accounting Estimates during the Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 (Note 11)

To the extent the transaction price in a contract with a customer includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the nature of the variable consideration. The Company also estimates whether and how much variable consideration is subject to constraint if it cannot conclude it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue will not occur, due to factors such as: the consideration being highly susceptible to factors outside the Company’s influence, the period of time before the variable consideration is resolved, the Company’s previous experience with similar contracts, the Company’s history of price concessions or changing of payment terms, and whether there is a large number and broad range of possible variable consideration amounts. To the extent the Company determines that there is a significant financing component in a contract with a customer, it determines the impact of the time value of money in adjusting the transaction price to account for the income associated with the financing component by estimating the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception, based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.

Accounting Standards Adopted During Fiscal 2024

The Company has not adopted any new standards to date during fiscal 2024.

11

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

2.    ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07 on the topic of segment reporting. The standard requires additional disclosures for segment reporting. These requirements include: (i) disclosure of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”); (ii) disclosure of an amount for other segment items (equal to the difference between segment revenue less segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss) by reportable segment and a description of their composition; (iii) annual disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods; (iv) clarification that, if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report those additional measures of segment profit or loss; (v) disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources; (vi) requiring a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU, and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2025 and is in the process of evaluating the new requirements. As a result, the Company has not yet determined the impact this new ASU will have on its disclosures.

3.    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS

Fair Value

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, non-performance risk and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value into three levels:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at amounts that approximate their fair values (Level 2 measurement) due to their short maturities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

In determining the fair value of investments held, the Company primarily relies on an independent third-party valuator for the fair valuation of securities. The Company also reviews the inputs used in the valuation process and assesses the pricing of the securities for reasonableness after conducting its own internal collection of quoted prices from brokers. Fair values for all investment categories provided by the independent third-party valuator that are in excess of 0.5% from the fair values determined by the Company are communicated to the independent third-party valuator for consideration of reasonableness. The independent third-party valuator considers the information provided by the Company before determining whether a change in their original pricing is warranted.

When the Company concludes that there is a significant financing component included within a contract with a customer due to timing differences between the fulfillment of certain performance obligations and the receipt of payment for those performance obligations, the Company determines the present value of the future consideration utilizing the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.

12

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

For a description of how the fair value of the 2020 Debentures (as defined in Note 6) was determined, see the “Convertible debentures” accounting policies in Note 1 to the Annual Financial Statements. The Extension Debentures (as defined in Note 6) are classified as Level 2.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company re-measures the fair value of non-marketable equity investments for which it utilizes the measurement alternative, and long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, intangible assets and goodwill if an impairment or observable price adjustment is recognized in the current period.

Non-Marketable Equity Investments Measured Using the Measurement Alternative

Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative include investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values in which the Company does not own a controlling interest or have significant influence. The estimation of fair value used in the fair value measurements required the use of significant unobservable inputs, and as a result, the fair value measurements were classified as Level 3.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company exited certain leased facilities and recorded a pre-tax and after-tax impairment charge of $3 million and $3 million, respectively, related to the operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for those facilities (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $4 million). The impairment was determined by comparing the fair value of the impacted ROU asset to the carrying value of the asset as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the ROU asset was based on the estimated sublease income for certain facilities taking into consideration the estimated time period it will take to obtain a sublessor, the applicable discount rate and the sublease rate, which are considered unobservable inputs. The Company conducts an evaluation of the related liabilities and expenses and revises its assumptions and estimates as appropriate as new or updated information becomes available. These ROU impaired assets are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company conducts regular reviews of the individual patents, both organically generated and acquired, comprising its patent portfolio. As a result of this review, for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company determined it has an indicator of impairment, as it had ceased enforcement and abandoned the legal right and title to patents with a cost of $15 million, accumulated amortization of $7 million, and a net book value of $8 million, which is classified as an impairment of long-lived assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - nil impairment).

13

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	87	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other investments	30		6		—		36		—		—		36		—
	117		6		—		123		87		—		36		—
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	21		—		—		21		—		—		—		21
Bearer deposit notes	24		—		—		24		24		—		—		—
Commercial paper	20		—		—		20		20		—		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	5		—		—		5		5		—		—		—
Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes	3		—		—		3		3		—		—		—
U.S. treasury bills/notes	75		—		—		75		71		—		—		4
	148		—		—		148		123		—		—		25
	$	275	$	6	$	(10)	$	271	$	210	$	—	$	36	$	25

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

14

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	89	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	2
Other investments	26		2		—		28		—		—		28		—
	115		2		—		117		87		—		28		2
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	33		—		—		33		8		—		—		25
Bearer deposit notes	82		—		—		82		82		—		—		—
Commercial paper	159		—		—		159		108		51		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	45		—		—		45		—		45		—		—
Non-U.S. government sponsored enterprise notes	30		—		—		30		10		20		—		—
Corporate notes/bonds	15		—		—		15		—		15		—		—
	364		—		—		364		208		131		—		25
Level 3:
Other investments	2		4		—		6		—		—		6		—
	$	491	$	6	$	(10)	$	487	$	295	$	131	$	34	$	27

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

As at November 30, 2023, the Company had non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value of $36 million (February 28, 2023 - $34 million). As of November 30, 2023, the Company has recorded a cumulative impairment of $3 million to the carrying value of certain other non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value (February 28, 2023 - $3 million).

There were no realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

The Company has restricted cash and cash equivalents, consisting of cash and securities pledged as collateral to major banking partners in support of the Company’s requirements for letters of credit. These letters of credit support certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. The letters of credit are for terms ranging from one month to two years. The Company is legally restricted from accessing these funds during the term of the leases for which the letters of credit have been issued; however, the Company can continue to invest the funds and receive investment income thereon.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 from the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210	$	295
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	25		27
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows	$	235	$	322

15

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Cost Basis		Fair Value		Cost Basis		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	148	$	148	$	364	$	364
No fixed maturity	10		—		10		—
	$	158	$	148	$	374	$	364

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, the Company had no available-for-sale debt securities with continuous unrealized losses.

4.    CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DETAILS

Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance

The allowance for credit losses as at November 30, 2023 was $6 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million).

The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses (“CECL”) for accounts receivable. The CECL for accounts receivable are estimated based on days past due and region for each customer in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics that operate under similar economic environments. The Company determined the CECL by estimating historical credit loss experience based on the past due status and region of the customers, adjusted as appropriate to reflect current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions. When specific customers are identified as no longer sharing the same risk profile as their current pool, they are removed from the pool and evaluated separately. The Company also has long-term accounts receivable included in Other Long-term Assets. The CECL for the long-term accounts receivable is estimated using the probability of default method and the default exposure due to limited historical information. The exposure of default is represented by the assets’ amortized carrying amount at the reporting date.

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:

	Carrying Amount
Beginning balance as of February 28, 2022	$	4
Prior period provision for expected credit losses	1
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(4)
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at February 28, 2023	1
Current period provision for expected credit losses	5
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at November 30, 2023	$	6

The allowance for credit losses as at November 30, 2023 consists of $2 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million) relating to CECL estimated based on days past due and region and $4 million (February 28, 2023 - nil) relating to specific customers that were evaluated separately.

There were two customers that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at November 30, 2023 (February 28, 2023 - two customers comprised more than 10%).

16

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Other Receivables

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, other receivables included items such as claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Intellectual property	$	—	$	141
Other	44		41
	$	44	$	182

As described in Note 11, on May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie Innovations Limited (“Malikie”) and recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million, which is comprised of the carrying value of the intellectual property of $141 million referred to above, and $6 million of capitalized costs during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 related to patent maintenance. See Note 11 under the heading “Patent Sale”.

Other current assets also included the current portion of deferred commissions and prepaid expenses, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance as at the balance sheet dates.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cost
BlackBerry operations and other information technology	$	85	$	84
Leasehold improvements and other	18		19
Furniture and fixtures	8		9
Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment	2		2
	113		114
Accumulated amortization	91		89
Net book value	$	22	$	25

17

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets comprised the following:

	As at November 30, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	842	$	58
Other acquired intangibles	386		329		57
Intellectual property	110		62		48
	$	1,396	$	1,233	$	163

	As at February 28, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	824	$	76
Other acquired intangibles	386		318		68
Intellectual property	123		64		59
	$	1,409	$	1,206	$	203

For the nine months ended November 30, 2023, amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $38 million (nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $76 million).

Total additions to intangible assets for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 amounted to $12 million (nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $24 million). During the nine months ended November 30, 2023, additions to intangible assets primarily consisted of payments for intellectual property relating to patent maintenance, registration and license fees.

Based on the carrying value of the identified intangible assets as at November 30, 2023, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2024 and each of the five succeeding years is expected to be as follows: fiscal 2024 - $11 million; fiscal 2025 - $41 million; fiscal 2026 - $36 million; fiscal 2027 - $31 million; fiscal 2028 - $18 million and fiscal 2029 - $6 million.

18

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Goodwill

Changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Carrying Amount
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2022	$	844
Goodwill impairment charge	(245)
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	(4)
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2023	595
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	2
Carrying amount as at November 30, 2023	$	597

Other Long-term Assets

As at November 30, 2023, other long-term assets included long-term receivables related to intellectual property sold, see Note 11 under the heading “Patent Sale”, long-term receivables, and the long-term portion of deferred commission, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the total assets balance.

As at February 28, 2023, other long-term assets included the long-term portion of deferred commission, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the total assets balance.

Accrued Liabilities

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, other accrued liabilities included operating lease liabilities, current and accrued director fees, accrued vendor liabilities, variable incentive accrual, payroll withholding taxes and accrued royalties, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current liabilities balance in any of the periods presented.

5.    INCOME TAXES

For the nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 37% compared to a net effective income tax expense rate of 5% for the nine months ended November 30, 2022. The Company’s income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefit, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures, amongst other items, is offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.

The Company’s total unrecognized income tax benefits as at November 30, 2023 were $21 million (February 28, 2023 - $21 million). As at November 30, 2023, $21 million of the unrecognized income tax benefits have been netted against deferred income tax assets and nil has been recorded within income taxes payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is subject to ongoing examination by tax authorities in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company regularly assesses the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision for income taxes as well as the provisions for indirect and other taxes and related penalties and interest. While the final resolution of audits is uncertain, the Company believes the ultimate resolution of these audits will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

19

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

6.    DEBENTURES

On November 17, 2023, the Company issued $150 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% extendible convertible unsecured debentures (the “Extension Debentures”) in a private placement to certain controlled affiliates of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“Fairfax”). The Company used the net proceeds of the issuance of the Extension Debentures, together with cash on hand, to repay its outstanding $365 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% unsecured convertible debentures (the “2020 Debentures” and, together with the Extension Debentures, the “Debentures”) at maturity on November 13, 2023. Aside from the maturity date, the terms of the Extension Debentures are substantially identical to those of the 2020 Debentures, except that the Extension Debentures will not be listed on any stock exchange and will not involve an indenture trustee.

The Extension Debentures are due on February 15, 2024 (the “Initial Maturity Date”), with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024 (the “Final Maturity Date” and, together with the Initial Maturity Date, each a “Maturity Date”) by mutual agreement. Each $1,000 principal amount of Extension Debentures is convertible at any time prior to the third business day prior to the Maturity Date into 166.67 common shares of the Company, for a total of 25 million common shares at a price of $6.00 per share, subject to adjustments. Covenants associated with the Extension Debentures include limitations on the Company’s total indebtedness. Interest on the Extension Debentures is payable on the Maturity Date in arrears at a rate of 1.75% per annum.

Under specified events of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued interest on the Extension Debentures become immediately due and payable upon request of holders holding not less than 25% of the principal amount of the Extension Debentures then outstanding. During an event of default, the interest rate increases to 5.75% per annum.

The Extension Debentures are subject to a change of control provision whereby the Company would be required to make an offer to repurchase the Extension Debentures at 115% of par value if a person or group (not affiliated with Fairfax) acquires 35% of the Company’s outstanding common shares, acquires all or substantially all of its assets, or if the Company merges with another entity and the Company’s existing shareholders hold less than 50% of the common shares of the surviving entity. Additionally, the Extension Debentures cannot be converted to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder would beneficially own or exercise control or direction over more than 19.99% of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares.

Due to the conversion option and other embedded derivatives within the Extension Debentures, and consistent with the Company’s accounting for the 2020 Debentures, the Company has elected to record the Extension Debentures, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at fair value and present the Extension Debentures as a single hybrid financial instrument. No portion of the fair value of the Extension Debentures has been recorded as equity, nor would be if the embedded derivatives were bifurcated from the host debt contract.

Each period, the fair value of the Debentures is recalculated and resulting gains and losses from the change in fair value of the Debentures associated with non-credit components are recognized in income, while the change in fair value associated with credit components is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”). The fair value of the Extension Debentures has been determined using observable interest rate curves, the market price and volatility of the Company’s listed common shares.

20

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Balance as at February 28, 2023	$	367
Change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures	(2)
Maturity of the 2020 Debentures on November 13, 2023	(365)
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	—

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Extension Debentures from their date of issuance, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Principal received as of November 17, 2023	$	150
Change in fair value of the Extension Debentures	—
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	150

The difference between the fair value of the Extension Debentures and the unpaid principal balance of $150 million is nil.

The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the Debentures for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:    

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Income associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations	$	18	$	56	$	2	$	112
Income associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components recorded in AOCL	—		1		—		3
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	(6)		—		(6)		—
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components released from AOCL on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	6		—		6		—
Total decrease in the fair value of the Debentures	$	18	$	57	$	2	$	115

For the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company recorded interest expense related to the Debentures of $1 million and $5 million, respectively, which has been included in investment income (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $2 million and $5 million).

Fairfax, a related party under U.S. GAAP due to its beneficial ownership of common shares in the Company after taking into account potential conversion of the Extension Debentures, owned $330 million principal amount of the 2020 Debentures and now owns $150 million principal amount of the Extension Debentures. As such, the payment of interest on the Extension Debentures to Fairfax represents a related party transaction.

21

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

7.    CAPITAL STOCK

The following details the changes in issued and outstanding common shares for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
	Stock Outstanding (000s)	Amount
Common shares outstanding as at February 28, 2023	582,157	$	2,909
Exercise of stock options	92	—
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements	2,054	—
Stock-based compensation	—	28
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan	1,037	4
Common shares outstanding as at November 30, 2023	585,340	$	2,941

The Company had 585 million voting common shares outstanding, 0.3 million options to purchase voting common shares, 13 million RSUs and 2 million DSUs outstanding as at December 18, 2023. In addition, 25 million common shares are issuable upon conversion in full of the Extension Debentures as described in Note 6.

22

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

8.    LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Net loss for basic loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(74)	$	(239)
Less: Debentures fair value adjustment (1) (2) (3) (4)	(13)		(56)		—		(112)
Add: interest expense on Debentures (1) (2) (3) (4)	1		2		—		5
Net loss for diluted loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(33)	$	(58)	$	(74)	$	(346)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000’s) - basic (5)	584,331		578,948		583,559		577,718
Effect of dilutive securities (000’s)
Conversion of 2020 Debentures (1) (3)	49,469		60,833		—		60,833
Conversion of Extension Debentures (2) (4)	4,670		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares and assumed conversions (000’s) diluted	638,470		639,781		583,559		638,551
Loss per share - reported
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	(0.01)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.41)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(0.09)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.54)

______________________________

(1) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the 2020 Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the beginning of the quarter for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the 2020 Debentures and interest expense incurred on the 2020 Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022, and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(2) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the Extension Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the issuance date for the three months ended November 30, 2023. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the Extension Debentures and interest expense incurred on the Extension Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(3) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(4) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(5) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022, as to do so would be antidilutive.

23

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

9.    ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The changes in AOCL by component net of tax, for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Cash Flow Hedges
Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	—
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	—		(2)		1		(3)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	—		2		—		2
Accumulated net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)
Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Balance, beginning of period	$	(14)	$	(20)	$	(16)	$	(10)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1		1		3		(9)
Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment	$	(13)	$	(19)	$	(13)	$	(19)
Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On Debentures
Balance, beginning of period	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(8)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	—		1		—		3
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	6		—		6		—
Change in fair value from instruments-specific credit risk on Debentures	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)
Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations
Actuarial losses associated with other post-employment benefit obligations	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, End of Period	$	(14)	$	(26)	$	(14)	$	(26)

10.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

(a)Letters of Credit

The Company had $25 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business as of November 30, 2023. See the discussion of restricted cash in Note 3.

(b)Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in litigation in the normal course of its business, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The Company is subject to a variety of claims (including claims related to patent infringement, purported class actions and other claims in the normal course of business) and may be subject to additional claims either directly or through indemnities against claims that it provides to certain of its partners and customers. In particular, the industry in which the Company competes has many participants that own, or claim to own, intellectual property, including participants that have been issued patents and may have filed patent applications or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights for technologies similar to those used by the Company in its products. The Company has received, and may receive in the future, assertions and claims from third parties that the Company’s products infringe on their patents or other intellectual property rights. Litigation has been, and will likely continue to be, necessary to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish the Company’s proprietary rights. Regardless of whether claims against the Company have merit, those claims could be time-consuming to evaluate and defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and subject the Company to significant liabilities.

24

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Management reviews all of the relevant facts for each claim and applies judgment in evaluating the likelihood and, if applicable, the amount of any potential loss. Where a potential loss is considered probable and the amount is reasonably estimable, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the likely outcome. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum amount in the range. The Company does not provide for claims for which the outcome is not probable or claims for which the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. Any settlements or awards under such claims are provided for when reasonably determinable.

As of November 30, 2023, there are no material claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as both probable to result and reasonably estimable; therefore, no accrual has been made. Further, there are claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as reasonably possible to result; however, an estimate of the amount of loss cannot reasonably be made. There are many reasons that the Company cannot make these assessments, including, among others, one or more of the following: the early stages of a proceeding does not require the claimant to specifically identify the patent claims that have allegedly been infringed or the products that are alleged to infringe; damages sought are unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; discovery has not been started or is incomplete; the facts that are in dispute are highly complex; the difficulty of assessing novel claims; the parties have not engaged in any meaningful settlement discussions; the possibility that other parties may share in any ultimate liability; and the often slow pace of litigation.

The Company has included the following summaries of certain of its legal proceedings though they do not meet the test for accrual described above.

Between October and December 2013, several purported class action lawsuits and one individual lawsuit were filed against the Company and certain of its former officers in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada alleging that the Company and certain of its officers made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s financial condition and business prospects and that certain of the Company’s financial statements contain material misstatements. The individual lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed and the consolidated U.S. class actions was settled; see “Litigation Settlement” below in this Note 10.

On July 23, 2014, the plaintiff in the putative Ontario class action (Swisscanto Fondsleitung AG v. BlackBerry Limited, et al.) filed a motion for class certification and for leave to pursue statutory misrepresentation claims. On November 17, 2015, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On December 2, 2015, the Company filed a notice of motion seeking leave to appeal this ruling. On November 15, 2018, the Court denied the Company’s motion for leave to appeal the order granting the plaintiffs leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On February 5, 2019, the Court entered an order certifying a class comprised persons (a) who purchased BlackBerry common shares between March 28, 2013, and September 20, 2013, and still held at least some of those shares as of September 20, 2013, and (b) who acquired those shares on a Canadian stock exchange or acquired those shares on any other stock exchange and were a resident of Canada when the shares were acquired. Notice of class certification was published on March 6, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on April 1, 2019. Discovery is proceeding and the Court has not set a trial date.

On March 17, 2017, a putative employment class action was filed against the Company in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Parker v. BlackBerry Limited). The Statement of Claim alleges that actions the Company took when certain of its employees decided to accept offers of employment from Ford Motor Company of Canada amounted to a wrongful termination of the employees’ employment with the Company. The claim seeks (i) an unspecified quantum of statutory, contractual, or common law termination entitlements; (ii) punitive or breach of duty of good faith damages of CAD$20 million, or such other amount as the Court finds appropriate, (iii) pre- and post- judgment interest, (iv) attorneys’ fees and costs, and (v) such other relief as the Court deems just. The Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion to certify the class action on May 27, 2019. The Company commenced a motion for leave to appeal the certification order on June 11, 2019. The Court denied the motion for leave to appeal on September 17, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on December 19, 2019. The parties participated in a mediation on November 9, 2022, which did not result in an agreement. Discovery is proceeding and the Court has not set a trial date.

Other contingencies

As at November 30, 2023, the Company has recognized $17 million (February 28, 2023 - $17 million) in funds from claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX. A portion of this amount may be repayable in the future under certain circumstances if certain terms and conditions are not met by the Company, which is not probable at this time.

25

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

(c)Litigation Settlement

On April 6, 2022, through a mediator, the Company agreed in principle to pay $165 million to settle the U.S. consolidated actions (see “Litigation” above in this Note 10). The Stipulation of Settlement was executed effective June 7, 2022. On June 29, 2022, the Company paid $1 million of the settlement amount. The remaining $164 million was paid on September 6, 2022. On September 29, 2022, the Court granted final approval of the settlement and entered final judgment.

(d)Indemnifications

The Company enters into certain agreements that contain indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and damages, including in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third party. Such intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are generally not subject to any dollar limits and remain in effect for the term of the Company’s agreements. To date, the Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its current and former directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company agreed, subject to applicable law, to indemnify its current and former directors and executive officers against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action that could arise by reason of their status as directors or officers. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage for the benefit of the Company, and its current and former directors and executive officers. The Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications in the current period.

11.    REVENUE AND SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

The Company reports segment information based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the CODM for making decisions and assessing performance as a source of the Company’s reportable operating segments. The CODM, who is the Executive Chair and interim CEO of the Company, makes decisions and assesses the performance of the Company using three operating segments.

The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. The Company does not specifically allocate assets to operating segments for internal reporting purposes.

Segment Disclosures

The Company is organized and managed as three operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT, and Licensing and Other.

The following table shows information by operating segment for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	114	$	106	$	55	$	51	$	6	$	12	$	175	$	169
Segment cost of sales	37		46		9		10		1		4		47		60
Segment gross margin (1)	$	77	$	60	$	46	$	41	$	5	$	8	$	128	$	109
	For the Nine Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	286	$	330	$	149	$	153	$	245	$	22	$	680	$	505
Segment cost of sales	110		149		26		27		150		8		286		184
Segment gross margin (1)	$	176	$	181	$	123	$	126	$	95	$	14	$	394	$	321

______________________________

(1) A reconciliation of total segment gross margin to consolidated totals is set forth below.

26

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Cybersecurity consists of BlackBerry® UEM and Cylance® solutions (collectively BlackBerry Spark®), BlackBerry® AtHoc® and BlackBerry® SecuSUITE®. The Company’s Cylance artificial intelligence and machine learning-based platform consists of CylanceENDPOINT™, CylanceGUARD®, CylanceEDGE™, CylanceINTELLIGENCE™ and other cybersecurity applications. The BlackBerry UEM Suite includes the Company’s BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™, and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. Cybersecurity revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.

IoT consists of BlackBerry® QNX®, BlackBerry® Certicom®, BlackBerry Radar®, BlackBerry IVY® and other IoT applications. IoT revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.

Licensing and Other consists of the Company’s intellectual property arrangements and settlement awards. Other consists of the Company’s legacy service access fees (“SAF”) business, which ceased operations on January 4, 2022.

The following table reconciles total segment gross margin for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to the Company’s consolidated totals:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Total segment gross margin	$	128	$	109	394		$	321
Adjustments (1):
Less: Stock compensation	1		—		3		2
Less:
Research & development	42		52		146		159
Selling, marketing and administration	85		89		258		257
Amortization	13		26		42		78
Impairment of long-lived assets	11		—		11		4
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		—		—		(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)		(56)		3		(112)
Litigation settlement	—		—		—		165
Investment income (loss), net	(5)		(2)		(15)		1
Consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(6)	$	—	$	(54)	$	(227)

______________________________

(1) The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below:

Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.

Patent Sale

On May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie and sold certain non-core patent assets for $170 million in cash on closing, an additional $30 million in fixed consideration due by no later than the third anniversary of closing and variable consideration in the form of future royalties in the aggregate amount of up to $700 million (the “Malikie Transaction”). Pursuant to the terms of the Malikie Transaction, the Company received a license back to the patents sold, which relate primarily to mobile devices, messaging and wireless networking. The Malikie Transaction will not impact customers’ right to use any of the Company’s products, solutions or services.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million related to intellectual property sold. As at November 30, 2023, the remaining financing component on the patent sale was $12 million and will be recognized as interest income over the payment terms.

The Company estimated variable consideration from future royalty revenues using an expected value method including inputs from both internal and external sources related to patent monetization activities and cash flows, and constrained the recognition of that variable consideration based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1. The present value of variable consideration recognized as revenue was $23 million and the amount of

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BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

variable consideration constrained was $210 million. The Company evaluates its conclusions as to whether the constraints are still applicable on an ongoing basis, and will make updates when it observes a sufficient amount of evidence that amounts of variable consideration are no longer subject to constraint or the estimated amount of variable consideration has changed.

Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers based on geographical regions, timing of revenue recognition, and the major product and service types, as discussed above in “Segment Disclosures”.

The Company’s revenue, classified by major geographic region in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
North America (1)	$	77		$	92		$	466		$	266
Europe, Middle East and Africa	50			55			126			176
Other regions	48			22			88			63
Total	$	175		$	169		$	680		$	505
North America (1)	44.0		%	54.5		%	68.5		%	52.7		%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	28.6		%	32.5		%	18.6		%	34.9		%
Other regions	27.4		%	13.0		%	12.9		%	12.4		%
Total	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%

______________________________

(1) North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof.

Revenue, classified by timing of recognition, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Products and services transferred over time	$	80	$	88	$	245	$	281
Products and services transferred at a point in time	95		81		435		224
Total	$	175	$	169	$	680	$	505

Revenue contract balances

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s revenue contract balances for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Accounts and Other Receivable		Deferred Revenue		Deferred Commissions
Opening balance as at February 28, 2023	$	120	$	215	$	17
Increases due to invoicing of new or existing contracts, associated contract acquisition costs, or other	722		428		24
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or other	(604)		(441)		(20)
Increase (decrease), net	118		(13)		4
Closing balance as at November 30, 2023	$	238	$	202	$	21

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BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The table below discloses the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at November 30, 2023 and the time frame in which the Company expects to recognize this revenue. The disclosure includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

The disclosure excludes estimates of variable consideration relating to future royalty revenues from the patent sale to Malikie, which have been constrained based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1 and under “Patent Sale” in this Note 11.

	As at November 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months		12 to 24 Months		Thereafter		Total
Remaining performance obligations	$	183	$	9	$	10	$	202

Revenue recognized for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods

For the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, $1 million and $32 million of revenue, respectively, was recognized relating to performance obligations satisfied in a prior period as a result of certain variable consideration no longer being subject to constraint (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - nil and $1 million).

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease ROU assets and goodwill, classified by geographic region in which the Company’s assets are located, were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets		Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets
Canada	$	83	$	357	$	98	$	375
United States	711		936		742		1,208
Other	29		107		27		96
	$	823	$	1,400	$	867	$	1,679

Information About Major Customers

There was one customer that comprised 15% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended November 30, 2023 and one customer that comprised 33% of the Company’s revenue in the nine months ended November 30, 2023 due to the completed Malikie Transaction (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - one customer that comprised 11% and 14% of the Company’s revenue, respectively).

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BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

12.    CASH FLOW AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(a)    Certain consolidated statements of cash flow information related to interest and income taxes paid is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Interest paid during the period	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	5
Income taxes paid during the period	1		—		5		2
Income tax refunds received during the period	—		5		—		5

(b)    Additional Information

Foreign exchange

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Other expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At November 30, 2023, approximately 13% of cash and cash equivalents, 36% of accounts receivable and 48% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 28, 2023 – 19%, 24% and 36%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

Interest rate risk

Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities and the significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company also has significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of discounting the future payments from customers with a fixed interest rate. The Company has also issued Debentures with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 6. The fair value of the Debentures will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Debentures. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments to hedge its investment portfolio or changes in the market value of the Debentures.

Credit risk

The Company is exposed to market and credit risk on its investment portfolio. The Company is also exposed to credit risk with customers, as described in Note 4. The Company reduces this risk from its investment portfolio by investing in liquid, investment-grade securities and by limiting exposure to any one entity or group of related entities. As at November 30, 2023, no single issuer represented more than 35% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments (February 28, 2023 - no single issuer represented more than 12% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments), with the largest such issuer representing bearer deposits, term deposits and cash balances with one of the Company’s banking counterparties.

The Company maintains Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”) with several of its counterparties. These CSAs require the outstanding net position of all contracts be made whole by the paying or receiving of collateral to or from the counterparties on a daily basis, subject to exposure and transfer thresholds. As at November 30, 2023, the Company had no collateral posted or held with counterparties (February 28, 2023 - $1 million in collateral held).

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BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Liquidity risk

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $271 million as at November 30, 2023. The Company’s management remains focused on efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. The Company has experienced recent operating losses and the Extension Debentures will mature on February 15, 2024, with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024, by mutual agreement, as described above in Note 6, but the Company has the ability to access other potential financing arrangements on commercially reasonable terms. Taking these factors into account and based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities and access to other potential financing arrangements, are expected to be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) of BlackBerry Limited for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and MD&A for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 (the “Annual MD&A”). The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All financial information in this MD&A is presented in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.

Additional information about the Company, which is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 (the “Annual Report”), can be found on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including under the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws, including statements relating to:

•the Company’s plans, strategies and objectives, including its intentions to increase and enhance its product and service offerings and to patent new innovations;

•the Company’s expectations with respect to enhancing shareholder value through the full separation of its principal business units;

•the Company’s expectations with respect to the impact of macroeconomic and other external factors on its results of operations and financial condition;

•the Company’s expectations with respect to its billings, revenue, operating expense composition, non-GAAP EPS and cash flow usage in fiscal 2024;

•the Company’s estimates of purchase obligations and other contractual commitments; and

•the Company’s expectations with respect to the sufficiency of its financial resources.

The words “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “intend”, “believe”, “target”, “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements in this MD&A, including in the sections entitled “Business Overview - Strategy”, “Business Overview - Products and Services”, “Business Overview - Strategic Review of Businesses”, “Business Overview - Macroeconomic Factors”, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Key Metrics”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2022 - Revenue - Revenue by Segment”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2022 - Gross Margin by Segment“, “Results of Operations - Three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2022 - Operating Expenses”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2022 - Net Income (Loss)” and “Financial Condition - Contractual and Other Obligations”. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company believes are appropriate in the circumstances, including but not limited to, the Company’s expectations regarding its business, strategy, opportunities and prospects, the launch of new products and services, general economic conditions, competition, the Company’s expectations regarding its financial performance, the Company’s expectations regarding its ability to repay at maturity or possibly refinance the Extension Debentures (defined below), and the Company’s expectations regarding the strategic review of its businesses. Many factors could cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report, and: (i) risk that the proposed business unit separation may disrupt the Company’s operations or adversely impact its relationships with business partners and customers and its ability to attract and retain key employees; and (ii) risk that the Company may not be able to complete a successful business unit separation in a timely manner, or at all.

All of these factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on the Company’s forward-looking statements. Any statements that are forward-looking statements are intended to enable the Company’s shareholders to view the anticipated performance and prospects of the Company from management’s perspective at the time such statements are made, and they are subject to the risks that are inherent in all forward-looking statements, as described above, as well as difficulties in forecasting the Company’s financial results and performance for future periods, particularly over longer periods, given changes in technology and the Company’s business strategy, evolving industry standards, intense competition and short

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product life cycles that characterize the industries in which the Company operates. See the “Strategy” subsection in Part I, Item 1 “Business” of the Annual Report.

The Company has no intention and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

Business Overview

The Company provides intelligent security software and services to enterprises and governments around the world. The Company secures more than 500 million endpoints including more than 235 million vehicles. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the Company leverages artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning to deliver innovative solutions in the areas of cybersecurity, safety and data privacy, and is a leader in the areas of endpoint security, endpoint management, encryption, and embedded systems.

Strategy

The Company is widely recognized for its intelligent security software and services and believes that it delivers the broadest set of security capabilities in the market to connect, protect and manage IoT endpoints. The Company leverages its extensive technology portfolio to offer best-in-class cybersecurity, safety and reliability to enterprise customers primarily in government and regulated industries, to small and medium-sized businesses, and to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in automotive, medical, industrial and other core verticals.

The Company’s goal is to offer smarter security solutions that are more effective, require fewer resources to support and produce a better return on investment for customers than competing offerings. To achieve this vision, the Company continues to extend the functionality of its AI-focused BlackBerry Spark® software platform and safety-certified QNX® Neutrino® real time operating system and is commercializing its BlackBerry IVY® intelligent vehicle data platform.

The Company’s go-to-market strategy focuses principally on generating revenue from enterprise software and services as well as from embedded software designs with leading OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers. The Company intends to drive revenue growth and to achieve margins that are consistent with those of other enterprise software companies.

Products and Services

The Company has multiple products and services from which it derives revenue, which are structured in three groups: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively with Cybersecurity, “Software & Services”) and Licensing and Other.

Cybersecurity

The Cybersecurity business consists of BlackBerry Spark®, BlackBerry® SecuSUITE® and BlackBerry® AtHoc®.

The Company’s core secure software and services offerings are its Cylance® cybersecurity and BlackBerry unified endpoint management (“UEM”) solutions, collectively known as BlackBerry Spark.

BlackBerry’s Cylance cybersecurity solutions include: CylanceENDPOINT™, an integrated endpoint security solution that leverages the Cylance AI model and OneAlert EDR console, to prevent, detect and remediate cyber threats at the endpoint, including on mobile; CylanceGUARD®, a managed detection and response solution that provides 24/7 threat hunting and monitoring, as well as integrated critical event management communications during a cyber incident; CylanceEDGE™, an AI-powered continuous authentication ZTNA solution that provides secure access to applications and data loss prevention; and CylanceINTELLIGENCE™, a contextual cyber threat intelligence service. The Company also offers incident response, compromise assessment and containment services to assist clients with forensic analysis, state of existing systems and remediation of attacks. These solutions are designed to provide a continuous state of resilience for the Company’s customers and support the outcomes they require by: (i) complementing, extending, or fully managing security capabilities with the Company’s experts and extended technology ecosystem, (ii) enabling the workforce in a way that is fast, easy and satisfying, while providing security visibility, controls and peace of mind; and (iii) reducing complexity and overhead costs associated with security operations.

The BlackBerry UEM Suite includes the Company’s BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™ and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. BlackBerry UEM employs a containerized approach to manage and secure devices, third party and custom applications, identity, content and endpoints across all leading operating systems, as well as providing regulatory compliance tools. BlackBerry Dynamics offers a best-in-class development platform and secure container for mobile applications, including the Company’s own enterprise applications such as BlackBerry® Work and BlackBerry® Connect for secure collaboration. BlackBerry Workspaces is a secure Enterprise File Sync and Share (EFSS) solution. BBM Enterprise, is an enterprise-grade secure instant messaging solution for messaging, voice and video.

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BlackBerry SecuSUITE is a certified, multi-OS voice and text messaging solution with advanced encryption, anti-eavesdropping and continuous authentication capabilities, providing a maximum level of security on conventional mobile devices for government and businesses.

BlackBerry AtHoc is a secure, networked critical event management solution that enables people, devices and organizations to exchange critical information in real time during business continuity and life safety operations. The platform securely connects with a diverse set of endpoints to distribute emergency mass notifications, improve personnel accountability and facilitate the bidirectional collection and sharing of data within and between organizations.

IoT

The IoT business consists of BlackBerry Technology Solutions (“BTS”), BlackBerry Radar and BlackBerry IVY.

The principal component of BTS is BlackBerry QNX, a global provider of real-time operating systems, hypervisors, middleware, development tools, and professional services for connected embedded systems in the automotive, medical, industrial automation and other markets. A recognized leader in automotive software, BlackBerry QNX offers a growing portfolio of safety-certified, secure and reliable platform solutions and is focused on achieving design wins with automotive OEMs, Tier 1 vendors and automotive semiconductor suppliers. These solutions include the BlackBerry QNX real-time operating system, QNX® Hypervisor and QNX® Software Development Platform (SDP), as well as other products designed to alleviate the challenges of compliance with ISO 26262, the automotive industry’s functional safety standard. The QNX® Acoustics Management Platform provides software-defined audio solutions.

BlackBerry QNX is also a preferred supplier of embedded systems for companies building medical devices, train-control systems, industrial robots, hardware security modules, building automation systems, green energy solutions, and other mission-critical applications.

In addition to BlackBerry QNX, BTS includes BlackBerry Certicom® cryptography and key management products.

BlackBerry Certicom leverages patented elliptic curve cryptography to provide device security, anti-counterfeiting and product authentication solutions. BlackBerry Certicom’s offerings include its managed public key infrastructure (“PKI”) platform, key management and provisioning technology that helps customers to protect the integrity of their silicon chips and devices from the point of manufacturing through the device life cycle. BlackBerry Certicom’s secure key provisioning, code signing and security credential management system services protect next-generation connected cars, critical infrastructure and IoT deployments from product counterfeiting, re-manufacturing and unauthorized network access.

BlackBerry Radar is a family of asset monitoring and telematics solutions for the transportation and logistics industry. The BlackBerry Radar solution includes devices and secure cloud-based dashboards for tracking containers, trailers, chassis, flatbeds and heavy machinery, for reporting locations and sensor data, and for enabling custom alerts and fleet management analytics.

The Company has partnered with Amazon Web Services, Inc. (“AWS”) to develop and market BlackBerry IVY, an intelligent vehicle data platform leveraging BlackBerry QNX’s automotive capabilities. BlackBerry IVY allows automakers to safely access a vehicle’s sensor data, normalize it, and apply machine learning at the edge to generate and share predictive insights and inferences. Automakers and developers will be able to use this information to create responsive in-vehicle applications and services that enhance driver and passenger experiences. BlackBerry IVY supports multiple operating systems and hardware, as well as multi-cloud deployments in order to ensure compatibility across vehicle models and brands. The Company announced the first design win for BlackBerry IVY in January 2023 and released the platform for general availability in May 2023.

The BlackBerry Cybersecurity and IoT groups are complemented by the enterprise and cybersecurity consulting services offered by the Company’s BlackBerry® Professional Services business. BlackBerry Professional Services provides platform-agnostic strategies to address mobility-based challenges, providing expert deployment support, end-to-end delivery (from system design to user training), application consulting, and experienced project management. The Company’s cybersecurity consulting services and tools, combined with its other security solutions, help customers identify the latest cybersecurity threats, test for vulnerabilities, develop risk-appropriate mitigations, maintain IT security standards and techniques, and defend against the risk of future attacks.

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Licensing and Other

Licensing and Other consists primarily of the Company’s patent licensing business.

The Company’s Licensing business is responsible for the management and monetization of the Company’s global patent portfolio. The patent portfolio continues to provide a competitive advantage in the Company’s core product areas as well as providing leverage in the development of future technologies and licensing programs in both core and adjacent vertical markets. The Company owns rights to an array of patented and patent pending technologies which include, but are not limited to, operating systems, networking infrastructure, acoustics, messaging, enterprise software, automotive subsystems, cybersecurity, cryptography and wireless communications.

Recent Developments

The Company continued to execute on its strategy in fiscal 2024 and announced the following significant achievements during and subsequent to the most recent quarter:

Products and Innovation:

•Launched a generative AI-powered cybersecurity assistant to increase efficiency and reduce fatigue for CISO teams; and

•Announced enhancements to BlackBerry SecuSUITE® for Government, including encrypted video and group audio calls.

Customers and Partners:

•Announced a significant, multi-year deal to provide full suite of cybersecurity solutions to the Government of Malaysia; and

•Announced that the United States Department of Homeland Security awarded a new PENS (personal emergency notification system) contract to BlackBerry, utilizing BlackBerry® AtHoc® critical event management (CEM) solution.

Environmental, Sustainability and Corporate Governance:

•Appointed John Giamatteo, President of BlackBerry’s Cybersecurity division, as Chief Executive Officer.

Strategic Review of Businesses

On May 1, 2023, the Company announced that the Board would initiate a review of the Company’s portfolio of businesses, with the assistance of its financial advisors, as the Board considered strategic alternatives to drive enhanced shareholder value. On October 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to separate the IoT and Cybersecurity business units with a view to pursuing a subsidiary initial public offering (“Sub-IPO”) for the IoT business. On December 11, 2023, the Company announced that it had reassessed its strategy and will no longer pursue a Sub-IPO but intends to pursue a full separation of the IoT and Cybersecurity businesses, including the separation and streamlining of the Company’s centralized corporate functions into business-unit specific teams, with a view to establishing each business as an independently-operated, profitable and cashflow-positive division.

Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) Succession

On November 3, 2023, John Chen retired from his roles as Executive Chair and CEO of the Company, aligning with the terms of his employment contract. Existing Board member Richard (Dick) Lynch succeeded Mr. Chen as Board Chair and served as interim CEO of the Company from November 4, 2023 until the appointment of John J. Giamatteo as CEO and as a member of the Board, effective December 11, 2023. Mr. Giamatteo has served as the President of BlackBerry’s Cybersecurity business unit since October 2021 and has over 30 years of experience with global technology companies. Prior to BlackBerry he was President and Chief Revenue Officer at McAfee. Before that, Mr. Giamatteo served as Chief Operating Officer at AVG Technologies. He also held leadership positions with Solera, RealNetworks and Nortel Networks.

Patent Sale

On May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie Innovations Limited and sold certain non-core patent assets for $170 million in cash on closing, an additional $30 million in cash by no later than the third anniversary of closing and potential future royalties in the aggregate amount of up to $700 million (the “Malikie Transaction”).

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million related to non-core intellectual property sold. The revenue recognized reflects the application of the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates, as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which resulted in a substantial majority of the potential future royalties from the Malikie Transaction being constrained until future periods. In evaluating the Malikie Transaction, the Company considered estimates of value, among other factors, which are not fully reflected when

35

applying the principles of revenue recognition, such as the variable consideration constraint that is recognized at the inception of the Malikie Transaction. Accordingly, amounts initially recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 do not reflect the full fair value of the overall transaction as determined by the Company. Additional variable consideration is expected to be recognized in future quarters, as determined quarterly based on the revenue recognition accounting framework. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt Repayment and New Issuance

On November 13, 2023, the Company repaid all amounts due upon the maturity of its outstanding 1.75% unsecured convertible debentures (the “2020 Debentures”) for an aggregate amount of $365 million. On November 17, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of $150 million principal amount of new 1.75% extendable unsecured convertible debentures maturing on February 15, 2024 (the “Extension Debentures” and collectively with the 2020 Debentures, the “Debentures”), with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024 by mutual agreement, to certain controlled affiliates of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“Fairfax”) on a private placement basis. The Extension Debentures have terms that are substantially similar to those of the 2020 Debentures. Interest expense on the Extension Debentures will be approximately $1 million for the period from issuance to February 15, 2024. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the terms of the Extension Debentures.

Macroeconomic Factors

Economic uncertainty, customer budgetary constraints, auto industry labor disruptions and inflation, as well as higher interest rates implemented in response to inflation and resulting fears of recession, may negatively impact supply and consumer demand for automobiles and have contributed to longer sales cycles for cybersecurity solutions. These conditions have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Company’s business and results of operations. The Company does not believe that inflation had a material effect on its operations during first nine months of fiscal 2024.

Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 Summary Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations data for the quarter ended November 30, 2023 compared to the quarter ended November 30, 2022 under U.S. GAAP:

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions, except for share and per share amounts)
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Revenue	$	175	$	169	$	6
Gross margin	127		109		18
Operating expenses	138		111		27
Investment income, net	5		2		3
Loss before income taxes	(6)		—		(6)
Provision for income taxes	15		4		11
Net loss	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(17)
Loss per share - reported
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	(0.01)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(0.09)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (000’s)
Basic	584,331		578,948
Diluted (1)	638,470		639,781

______________________________

(1)Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and third quarter of 2023 does not include the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation as to do so would be anti-dilutive. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Company’s calculation of the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding.

36

The following tables show information by operating segment for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022. The Company reports segment information in accordance with U.S. GAAP Accounting Standards Codification Section 280 based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker for making decisions and assessing performance of the Company’s reportable operating segments. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s operating segments.

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	Cybersecurity						IoT						Licensing and Other						Segment Totals
	November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change
	2023		2022				2023		2022				2023		2022				2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	114	$	106	$	8	$	55	$	51	$	4	$	6	$	12	$	(6)	$	175	$	169	$	6
Segment cost of sales	37		46		(9)		9		10		(1)		1		4		(3)		47		60		(13)
Segment gross margin	$	77	$	60	$	17	$	46	$	41	$	5	$	5	$	8	$	(3)	$	128	$	109	$	19

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity						IoT						Licensing and Other						Segment Totals
	November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change		November 30,				Change
	2023		2022				2023		2022				2023		2022				2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	286	$	330	$	(44)	$	149	$	153	$	(4)	$	245	$	22	$	223	$	680	$	505	$	175
Segment cost of sales	110		149		(39)		26		27		(1)		150		8		142		286		184		102
Segment gross margin	$	176	$	181	$	(5)	$	123	$	126	$	(3)	$	95	$	14	$	81	$	394	$	321	$	73

The following tables reconcile the Company’s segment results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:

	For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2023
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity		IoT		Licensing and Other		Segment Totals		Reconciling Items		Consolidated U.S. GAAP
Revenue	$	114	$	55	$	6	$	175	$	—	$	175
Cost of sales	37		9		1		47		1		48
Gross margin (1)	$	77	$	46	$	5	$	128	$	(1)	$	127
Operating expenses									138		138
Investment income, net									(5)		(5)
Loss before income taxes											$	(6)
	For the Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity		IoT		Licensing and Other		Segment Totals		Reconciling Items		Consolidated U.S. GAAP
Revenue	$	286	$	149	$	245	$	680	$	—	$	680
Cost of sales	110		26		150		286		3		289
Gross margin (1)	$	176	$	123	$	95	$	394	$	(3)	$	391
Operating expenses									460		460
Investment income, net									(15)		(15)
Loss before income taxes											$	(54)

______________________________

(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023.

37

The following tables reconcile the Company’s segment results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:

	For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2022
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity		IoT		Licensing and Other		Segment Totals		Reconciling Items		Consolidated U.S. GAAP
Revenue	$	106	$	51	$	12	$	169	$	—	$	169
Cost of sales	46		10		4		60		—		60
Gross margin (1)	$	60	$	41	$	8	$	109	$	—	$	109
Operating expenses									111		111
Investment income, net									(2)		(2)
Loss before income taxes											$	—
	For the Nine Months Ended November 30, 2022
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity		IoT		Licensing and Other		Segment Totals		Reconciling Items		Consolidated U.S. GAAP
Revenue	$	330	$	153	$	22	$	505	$	—	$	505
Cost of sales	149		27		8		184		2		186
Gross margin (1)	$	181	$	126	$	14	$	321	$	(2)	$	319
Operating expenses									545		545
Investment loss, net									1		1
Loss before income taxes											$	(227)

______________________________

(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2022.

Financial Highlights

The Company had $271 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments as of November 30, 2023 (February 28, 2023 - $487 million).

In the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $175 million and incurred a net loss of $21 million, or $0.04 basic loss per share and $0.05 diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - revenue of $169 million and net loss of $4 million, or $0.01 basic loss per share and $0.09 diluted loss per share).

The Company recognized adjusted net income of $3 million, and adjusted earnings of $0.01 per share, on a non-GAAP basis in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - adjusted net loss of $30 million, and adjusted loss of $0.05 per share). See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Debentures Fair Value Adjustment

As previously disclosed, the Company elected the fair value option to account for the Debentures; therefore, periodic revaluation has been and continues to be required under U.S. GAAP. The fair value adjustment does not impact the terms of the Debentures such as the face value or the conversion price.

As at November 30, 2023, the fair value of the Debentures was approximately $150 million, which approximates the principal amount of the Extension Debentures. For the three months ended November 30, 2023, the Company recorded non-cash income relating to changes in fair value of the 2020 Debentures of $18 million (pre-tax and after tax) and realized a non-cash charge relating to changes in fair value from credit components released from AOCL on maturity of the 2020 Debentures of $6 million (pre-tax and after tax) (the “Q3 Fiscal 2024 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended November 30, 2023 the Company recorded non-cash income relating to changes in fair value of the 2020 Debentures of $2 million (pre-tax and after tax) and realized a non-cash charge relating to changes in fair value from credit components released from AOCL on maturity of the 2020 Debentures of $6 million (the “Fiscal 2024 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the Debentures.

38

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and information contained in this MD&A is presented on that basis. On December 20, 2023, the Company announced financial results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, which included certain non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios, including adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted income (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted selling, marketing and administrative expense, adjusted amortization expense, adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and free cash flow (usage).

In the Company’s internal reports, management evaluates the performance of the Company’s business on a non-GAAP basis by excluding the impact of certain items below from the Company’s U.S. GAAP financial results. The Company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios provide management, as well as readers of the Company’s financial statements, with a consistent basis for comparison across accounting periods and is useful in helping management and readers understand the Company’s operating results and underlying operational trends. Non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios exclude certain amounts as described below:

•Debentures fair value adjustment. The Company has elected to measure its outstanding Debentures at fair value in accordance with the fair value option under U.S. GAAP. Each period, the fair value of the Debentures is recalculated and the resulting non-cash income and charges from the change in fair value from non-credit components of the Debentures are recognized in income. The amount can vary each period depending on changes to the Company’s share price, share price volatility and credit indices. This is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

•Restructuring charges. The Company believes that restructuring costs relating to employee termination benefits, facilities and other costs pursuant to the Cost Optimization Program to reduce its annual expenses amongst R&D, infrastructure and other functions do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

•Stock compensation expenses. Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.

•Amortization of acquired intangible assets. When the Company acquires intangible assets through business combinations, the assets are recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation. Such acquired intangible assets depreciate over time and the related amortization will recur in future periods until the assets have been fully amortized. This is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

•Long-lived asset impairment charge. The Company believes that long-lived asset impairment charges do not reflect expected future cash operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

•Goodwill impairment charge. The Company believes that goodwill impairment charges do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are non-cash, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

•Litigation settlement. The Company believes that litigation settlements do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.

On a U.S. GAAP basis, the impacts of these items are reflected in the Company’s income statement. However, the Company believes that the provision of supplemental non-GAAP measures allows investors to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s business using the same evaluation measures that management uses, and is therefore a useful indication of the Company’s performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance. As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results.

39

Reconciliation of non-GAAP based measures with most directly comparable U.S. GAAP based measures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022

Readers are cautioned that adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted income (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted selling, marketing and administrative expense, adjusted amortization expense, adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and free cash flow (usage) and similar measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in the context of the U.S. GAAP results, which are described in this MD&A and presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

A reconciliation of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted financial measures is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
Gross margin	$	127		$	109
Stock compensation expense	1			—
Adjusted gross margin	$	128		$	109
Gross margin %	72.6		%	64.5		%
Stock compensation expense	0.5		%	—		%
Adjusted gross margin %	73.1		%	64.5		%

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP operating expense for the three months ended November 30, 2023, August 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted operating expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		August 31, 2023		November 30, 2022
Operating expense	$	138	$	132	$	111
Restructuring charges	9		3		—
Stock compensation expense	7		10		8
Debentures fair value adjustment (1)	(13)		(6)		(56)
Acquired intangibles amortization	9		10		22
LLA impairment charge	11		1		—
Adjusted operating expense	$	115	$	114	$	137

______________________________

(1) See “Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 Summary Results of Operations - Financial Highlights - Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net loss and U.S. GAAP basic loss per share for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions, except per share amounts)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
			Basic earnings (loss) per share			Basic loss per share
Net loss	$	(21)	$(0.04)	$	(4)	$(0.01)
Restructuring charges	9			—
Stock compensation expense	8			8
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)			(56)
Acquired intangibles amortization	9			22
LLA impairment charge	11			—
Adjusted income (loss)	$	3	$0.01	$	(30)	$(0.05)

40

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Research and development	$	42	$	52
Stock compensation expense	2		2
Adjusted research and development	$	40	$	50
Selling, marketing and administration	$	85	$	89
Restructuring charges	9		—
Stock compensation expense	5		6
Adjusted selling, marketing and administration	$	71	$	83
Amortization	$	13	$	26
Acquired intangibles amortization	9		22
Adjusted amortization	$	4	$	4

Adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA margin percentage for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are reflected in the table below.

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Operating loss	$	(11)	$	(2)
Non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss
Restructuring charges	9		—
Stock compensation expense	8		8
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)		(56)
Acquired intangibles amortization	9		22
LLA impairment charge	11		—
Total non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss	24		(26)
Adjusted operating income (loss)	13		(28)
Amortization	14		28
Acquired intangibles amortization	(9)		(22)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	18	$	(22)
Revenue	$	175	$	169
Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % (1)	7%		(17%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin % (2)	10%		(13%)

______________________________

(1) Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted operating income (loss) by revenue.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA by revenue.

41

Reconciliation of non-GAAP based measures with most directly comparable U.S. GAAP based measures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

A reconciliation of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted financial measures is reflected in the table below:

For the Nine Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
Gross margin	$	391		$	319
Stock compensation expense	3			2
Adjusted gross margin	$	394		$	321
Gross margin %	57.5		%	63.2		%
Stock compensation expense	0.4		%	0.4		%
Adjusted gross margin %	57.9		%	63.6		%

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP operating expense for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted operating expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Nine Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Operating expense	$	460	$	545
Restructuring charges	17		4
Stock compensation expense	25		19
Debentures fair value adjustment	3		(112)
Acquired intangibles amortization	29		67
LLA impairment charge	11		4
Litigation settlement	—		165
Adjusted operating expense	$	375	$	398

______________________________

(1) See “Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 Summary Results of Operations - Financial Highlights - Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net loss and U.S. GAAP basic loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share is reflected in the table below:

For the Nine Months Ended (in millions, except per share amounts)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
			Basic earnings (loss) per share			Basic loss per share
Net loss	$	(74)	$(0.13)	$	(239)	$(0.41)
Restructuring charges	17			4
Stock compensation expense	28			21
Debentures fair value adjustment	3			(112)
Acquired intangibles amortization	29			67
LLA impairment charge	11			4
Litigation settlement	—			165
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	14	$0.02	$	(90)	$(0.16)

42

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to adjusted research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Nine Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Research and development	$	146	$	159
Stock compensation expense	6		6
Adjusted research and development	$	140	$	153
Selling, marketing and administration	$	258	$	257
Restructuring charges	17		4
Stock compensation expense	19		13
Adjusted selling, marketing and administration	$	222	$	240
Amortization	$	42	$	78
Acquired intangibles amortization	29		67
Adjusted amortization	$	13	$	11

Adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA margin percentage for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are reflected in the table below.

For the Nine Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
Operating loss	$	(69)		$	(226)
Non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss
Restructuring charges	17			4
Stock compensation expense	28			21
Debentures fair value adjustment	3			(112)
Acquired intangibles amortization	29			67
LLA impairment charge	11			4
Litigation settlement	—			165
Total non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss	88			149
Adjusted operating income (loss)	19			(77)
Amortization	46			85
Acquired intangibles amortization	(29)			(67)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	36		$	(59)
Revenue	$	680		$	505
Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % (1)	3		%	(15		%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin % (2)	5		%	(12		%)

______________________________

(1) Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted operating income (loss) by revenue

(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA by revenue

43

The Company uses free cash flow (usage) when assessing its sources of liquidity, capital resources, and quality of earnings. The Company believes that free cash flow (usage) is helpful in understanding the Company’s capital requirements and provides an additional means to reflect the cash flow trends in the Company’s business.

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to free cash flow (usage) is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(31)	$	(185)
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(2)		(1)
Free cash flow (usage)	$	(33)	$	(186)

Key Metrics

The Company regularly monitors a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key metrics, in order to measure the Company’s current performance and estimated future performance. Readers are cautioned that annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), dollar-based net retention rate (“DBNRR”), Cybersecurity total contract value (“TCV”) billings, and recurring revenue percentage do not have any standardized meaning and are unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Comparative breakdowns of certain key metrics for the three months ended or as at November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are set forth below.

For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Cybersecurity Annual Recurring Revenue	$	273		$	313		$	(40)
Cybersecurity Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate	82		%	84		%	(2		%)
Cybersecurity Total Contract Value Billings	$	109		$	103		$	6
Recurring Software Product Revenue	~ 70%			~ 80%			(10		%)

Annual Recurring Revenue

The Company defines ARR as the annualized value of all subscription, term, maintenance, services, and royalty contracts that generate recurring revenue as of the end of the reporting period. The Company uses ARR as an indicator of business momentum for the Cybersecurity business.

Cybersecurity ARR was approximately $273 million as at November 30, 2023 and decreased compared to $279 million as at August 31, 2023 and decreased compared to $313 million as at November 30, 2022.

The Company previously stated that it expected Cybersecurity ARR to return to sequential growth in the second half of fiscal 2024. The Company no longer expects to meet this due to a reassessment of the likelihood of closing certain large government deals at the values previously expected, if at all. The Company now expects ARR in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 to be broadly consistent with the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and to return to growth in fiscal 2025.

Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate

The Company calculates the DBNRR as of period end by first calculating the ARR from the customer base as at 12 months prior to the current period end (“Prior Period ARR”). The Company then calculates the ARR for the same cohort of customers as at the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). The Company then divides the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to calculate the DBNRR.

Cybersecurity DBNRR was 82% as at November 30, 2023 and increased compared to 81% as at August 31, 2023 and decreased compared to 84% as at November 30, 2022.

Total Contract Value Billings

The Company defines TCV billings as amounts invoiced less credits issued. The Company considers TCV billings to be a useful metric because billings drive deferred revenue, which is an important indicator of the health and visibility of the business, and represents a significant percentage of future revenue.

Cybersecurity TCV billings was $109 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and increased compared to $74 million for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and $103 million for the three months ended November 30, 2022.

44

The Company previously stated that it expected Cybersecurity TCV billings for fiscal 2024 to be in the range of $430 million to $480 million. The Company no longer expects to meet this guidance due to a reassessment of the likelihood of closing certain large government deals at the values previously expected, if at all.

The Company expects Cybersecurity TCV billings to continue to exceed Cybersecurity revenue in fiscal 2024.

Recurring Software Product Revenue

The Company defines recurring software product revenue percentage as recurring software product revenue divided by total software and services revenue. Recurring software product revenue is comprised of subscription and term licenses, maintenance arrangements, royalty arrangements and perpetual licenses recognized ratably under ASC 606. Total software and services revenue is comprised of recurring product revenue, non-recurring product revenue and professional services. The Company uses recurring software product revenue percentage to provide visibility into the revenue expected to be recognized in the current and future periods.

Total Software and Services product revenue, excluding professional services, was approximately 70% recurring for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and decreased compared to approximately 90% recurring for the three months ended August 31, 2023 due to product mix and decreased compared to approximately 80% for the three months ended November 30, 2022, also due to product mix.

Results of Operations - Three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2022

Revenue

Revenue by Segment

Comparative breakdowns of revenue by segment are set forth below.

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Revenue by Segment
Cybersecurity	$	114		$	106		$	8
IoT	55			51			4
Licensing and Other	6			12			(6)
	$	175		$	169		$	6
% Revenue by Segment
Cybersecurity	65.2		%	62.7		%
IoT	31.4		%	30.2		%
Licensing and Other	3.4		%	7.1		%
	100.0		%	100.0		%

45

Cybersecurity

The increase in Cybersecurity revenue of $8 million was primarily due to an increase of $20 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart, partially offset by a decrease of $11 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $2 million in professional services.

The Company previously stated that it expected Cybersecurity revenue for fiscal 2024 as a whole to be in the range of $425 million to $450 million. The expectation was dependent, in part, on the Company closing a certain set of large government deals in the second half of fiscal 2024. The Company now expects Cybersecurity revenue for fiscal 2024 as a whole to be in the range of $369 million to $374 million due to a reassessment of the likelihood of closing certain large government deals at the values previously expected, if at all.

The Company expects Cybersecurity revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 to be in the range of $83 million to $88 million.

The Company previously stated that it was targeting Cybersecurity revenue for fiscal 2026 as a whole to be in the range of $540 million to $590 million. The Company no longer expects to meet this target due to the actual and expected performance of Cybersecurity for fiscal 2024.

IoT

The increase in IoT revenue of $4 million was primarily due to an increase of $6 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue and an increase of $1 million in professional services, partially offset by a decrease of $3 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue.

The Company previously stated that it expected IoT revenue to grow sequentially in the third quarter of fiscal 2024. IoT revenue increased in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

The Company previously stated that it expected IoT revenue to be in the range of $225 million to $240 million for fiscal 2024 as a whole primarily due to the rescheduling of software development programs and production timelines at certain large OEM customers and uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment. The Company now expects IoT revenue to be in the range of $211 million to $215 million for fiscal 2024 as a whole primarily due to a number of industry-level factors including the impact of labor disputes on automotive production volumes and further rescheduling of software development programs at certain large automakers.

The Company expects IoT revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 to be in the range of $62 million to $66 million and to be higher than in any previous quarter.

The Company previously stated that it expected total Software & Services revenue, excluding potential revenue from BlackBerry IVY, to be in the range of $650 million and $690 million for fiscal 2024 as a whole due to changes in expectations in IoT revenue for fiscal 2024 as a whole. The Company now expects total Software & Services revenue, excluding potential revenue from BlackBerry IVY, to be in the range of $580 million and $589 million for fiscal 2024 as a whole due to changes in expectations in Cybersecurity and IoT revenue for fiscal 2024 as a whole.

The Company previously stated that it was targeting IoT revenue, excluding potential revenue from BlackBerry IVY, to be in the range of $340 million and $370 million for fiscal 2026 as a whole. The Company no longer expects to meet this target due to the actual and expected performance of IoT for fiscal 2024.

The Company previously stated that it was targeting total Software & Services revenue, excluding potential revenue from BlackBerry IVY, to be in the range of $880 million and $960 million for fiscal 2026 as a whole. The Company no longer expects to meet this target due to the actual and expected performance of Cybersecurity and IoT for fiscal 2024.

46

Licensing and Other

The decrease in Licensing and Other revenue of $6 million was primarily due to a decrease of $6 million in revenue from the Company’s intellectual property licensing arrangements.

The Company previously stated that it expected revenue from intellectual property licensing to be approximately $5 million per quarter in fiscal 2024, excluding the Malikie Transaction. Revenue from intellectual property licensing was approximately $6 million excluding the Malikie Transaction.

The Company expects total BlackBerry revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 to be in the range of $150 million to $159 million.

Revenue by Geography

Comparative breakdowns of the geographic regions are set forth in the following table:

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Revenue by Geography
North America	$	77		$	92		$	(15)
Europe, Middle East and Africa	50			55			(5)
Other regions	48			22			26
	$	175		$	169		$	6
% Revenue by Geography
North America	44.0		%	54.5		%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	28.6		%	32.5		%
Other regions	27.4		%	13.0		%
	100.0		%	100.0		%

North America Revenue

The decrease in North America revenue of $15 million was primarily due to a decrease of $9 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $6 million in Licensing and Other revenue due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.

Europe, Middle East and Africa Revenue

The decrease in Europe, Middle East and Africa revenue of $5 million was primarily due to a decrease of $6 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart, a decrease of $2 million in product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $2 million in professional services, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue.

Other Regions Revenue

The increase in Other regions revenue of $26 million was primarily due to an increase of $26 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart and an increase of $2 million in professional services, partially offset by a decrease of $2 million in QNX development seat revenue.

Gross Margin

Consolidated Gross Margin

Consolidated gross margin increased by $18 million to approximately $127 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - $109 million). The increase was primarily due to an increase in revenue from Secusmart and BlackBerry QNX, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from BlackBerry Spark due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as much of the Company’s product cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.

Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage

Consolidated gross margin percentage increased by 8.1% to approximately 72.6% of consolidated revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - 64.5%). The increase was primarily due to a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from Secusmart software licenses, which have a higher relative gross margin percentage in the third

47

quarter of fiscal 2024 as it included a higher portion of software revenue relative to hardware revenue, and a lower gross margin contribution from BlackBerry Spark, which has a lower relative gross margin percentage.

Gross Margin by Segment

See “Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 Summary Results of Operations” for information about the Company’s operating segments and the basis of operating segment results.

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	Cybersecurity									IoT									Licensing and Other									Segment Totals
	November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change
	2023			2022						2023			2022						2023			2022						2023			2022
Segment revenue	$	114		$	106		$	8		$	55		$	51		$	4		$	6		$	12		$	(6)		$	175		$	169		$	6
Segment cost of sales	37			46			(9)			9			10			(1)			1			4			(3)			47			60			(13)
Segment gross margin	$	77		$	60		$	17		$	46		$	41		$	5		$	5		$	8		$	(3)		$	128		$	109		$	19
Segment gross margin %	68		%	57		%	11		%	84		%	80		%	4		%	83		%	67		%	16		%	73		%	64		%	9		%

Cybersecurity

The increase in Cybersecurity gross margin of $17 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, a decrease of $6 million in infrastructure costs and a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from Secusmart software licenses, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

The increase in Cybersecurity gross margin percentage of 11% was primarily due to the same reasons discussed above.

The Company previously stated that it expected the gross margin percentage for Cybersecurity to increase by between 4% and 6% by fiscal 2026. The Company no longer expects to meet this guidance due to the actual and expected performance of Cybersecurity for fiscal 2024.

IoT

The increase in IoT gross margin of $5 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment” and a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

The increase in IoT gross margin percentage of 4% was primarily due a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

The Company previously stated that it expected the gross margin for IoT to increase in the long term due to a change in revenue mix. The Company no longer expects to meet this guidance due to the actual and expected performance of IoT for fiscal 2024.

Licensing and Other

The decrease in Licensing and Other gross margin of $3 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a decrease of $3 million in patent costs included in cost of sales in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, which did not recur.

The increase in Licensing and Other gross margin percentage of 16% was primarily due to a decrease of $3 million in patent costs included in cost of sales in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, which did not recur.

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Operating Expenses

The table below presents a comparison of research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expenses for the quarter ended November 30, 2023, compared to the quarter ended August 31, 2023 and the quarter ended November 30, 2022. The Company believes it is meaningful to provide a sequential comparison between the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	November 30, 2023			August 31, 2023			November 30, 2022
Revenue	$	175		$	132		$	169
Operating expenses
Research and development	42			50			52
Selling, marketing and administration	85			73			89
Amortization	13			14			26
Impairment of long-lived assets	11			1			—
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)			(6)			(56)
Total	$	138		$	132		$	111
Operating Expenses as % of Revenue
Research and development	24.0		%	37.9		%	30.8		%
Selling, marketing and administration	48.6		%	55.3		%	52.7		%
Amortization	7.4		%	10.6		%	15.4		%
Impairment of long-lived assets	6.3		%	0.8		%	—		%
Debentures fair value adjustment	(7.4		%)	(4.5		%)	(33.1		%)
Total	78.9		%	100.0		%	65.7		%

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended November 30, 2023, August 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

U.S. GAAP Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased by $6 million, or 4.5%, in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2024 primarily due to a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 which did not recur, an increase of $10 million in impairment of long-lived assets and an increase of $6 million in restructuring costs, partially offset by the difference between the Q3 Fiscal 2024 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment and the fair value adjustment related to the Debentures incurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 of $7 million, a decrease of $6 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $5 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a decrease of $4 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs.

Operating expenses increased by $27 million, or 24.3%, in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 primarily due to the difference between the Q3 Fiscal 2024 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment and the fair value adjustment related to the Debentures incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 of $43 million, an increase of $10 million in impairment of long-lived assets and an increase of $9 million in restructuring costs, partially offset by a decrease of $13 million in amortization costs, a decrease of $11 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a benefit of $3 million related to a litigation settlement.

The Company expects sales and marketing expense to be approximately 26% to 28% of revenue, research and development 29% to 31% of revenue, and general and administration, excluding amortization, to be approximately 19% to 21% of revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

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Adjusted Operating Expenses

Adjusted operating expenses increased by $1 million, or 0.9%, to $115 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to $114 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily due to a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 which did not recur, partially offset by a decrease of $6 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $5 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a decrease of $4 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs.

Adjusted operating expenses decreased by $22 million, or 16.1%, to $115 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $137 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $11 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a benefit of $3 million related to a litigation settlement.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits costs for technical personnel, new product development costs, travel expenses, office and building costs, infrastructure costs and other employee costs.

Research and development expenses decreased by $10 million, or 19.2%, in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to $52 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 primarily due to a decrease of $4 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a decrease of $4 million in variable incentive plan costs and a decrease of $1 million in consulting costs.

Adjusted research and development expenses decreased by $10 million, or 20.0%, to $40 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $50 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the same reasons described above on a U.S. GAAP basis.

Selling, Marketing and Administration Expenses

Selling, marketing and administration expenses consist primarily of marketing, advertising and promotion, salaries and benefits, external advisory fees, information technology costs, office and related staffing infrastructure costs and travel expenses.

Selling, marketing and administration expenses decreased by $4 million, or 4.5%, in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to $89 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 primarily due to a decrease of $7 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a benefit of $3 million related to a litigation settlement and a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs, partially offset by an increase of $8 million in restructuring costs and an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.

Adjusted selling, marketing and administration expenses decreased by $12 million, or 14.5%, to $71 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $83 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $7 million in variable incentive plan costs, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a benefit of $3 million related to a litigation settlement and a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.

Amortization Expense

The table below presents a comparison of amortization expense relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recorded as amortization or cost of sales for the quarter ended November 30, 2023 compared to the quarter ended November 30, 2022. Intangible assets are comprised of patents, licenses and acquired technology. 

	For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
	Included in Operating Expense
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Property, plant and equipment	$	2	$	2	$	—
Intangible assets	11		24		(13)
Total	$	13	$	26	$	(13)
	Included in Cost of Sales
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Property, plant and equipment	$	—	$	—	$	—
Intangible assets	1		2		(1)
Total	$	1	$	2	$	(1)

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Amortization included in Operating Expense

The decrease in amortization expense included in operating expense of $13 million was primarily due to the lower cost base of acquired technology assets.

Adjusted amortization expense was $4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, consistent with $4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

Amortization included in Cost of Sales

The decrease in amortization expense relating to certain property, plant and equipment and certain intangible assets employed in the Company’s service operations of $1 million was due to the lower cost base of assets.

Investment Income, Net

Investment income, net, which includes the interest expense from the Debentures, was $5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 and increased by $3 million from investment income, net of $2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 due to interest income on significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and a higher yield on cash and investments, partially offset by lower average cash and investment balances.

Income Taxes

For the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 250% (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - net effective income tax expense rate was undefined due to net income before taxes of nil). The Company’s net effective income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefits, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures, amongst other items, was offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.

Net Income (Loss)

The Company’s net loss for the third quarter of fiscal 2024 was $21 million, or $0.04 basic loss per share and $0.05 diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - net loss of $4 million, or $0.01 basic loss per share and $0.09 diluted loss per share). The increase in net loss of $17 million was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses, as described above in “Operating Expenses” and an increase in income taxes, partially offset by an increase in revenue, as described above in “Revenue by Segment”, an increase in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage” and an increase in investment income, net.

Adjusted net income was $3 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - adjusted net loss of $30 million). The increase in adjusted net income of $33 million was primarily due to a decrease in operating expenses as described above in “Operating Expenses”, an increase in revenue as described above in “Revenue by Segment”, an increase in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage” and an increase in investment income, net.

The Company previously stated that it expected to achieve non-GAAP profitability and to generate positive operating cash flow in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 and for fiscal 2024 as a whole in each case. These expectations were dependent, in part, on the Company closing a certain set of large government Cybersecurity deals in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The Company no longer expects to meet this expectation due to the actual and expected performance of Cybersecurity and IoT for fiscal 2024.

The Company expects to further improve operating cash flow in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 584 million common shares for basic loss per share and 638 million common shares for diluted loss per share for the third quarter of fiscal 2024 (third quarter of fiscal 2023 - 579 million common shares for basic loss per share and 640 million common shares for diluted loss per share).

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Results of Operations - Nine months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended November 30, 2022

The following section sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations data, which is expressed in millions of dollars, except for share and per share amounts and as a percentage of revenue, for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions, except for share and per share amounts)
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Revenue	$	680	$	505	$	175
Gross margin	391		319		72
Operating expenses	460		545		(85)
Investment income (loss), net	15		(1)		16
Loss before income taxes	(54)		(227)		173
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	20		12		8
Net loss	$	(74)	$	(239)	$	165
Loss per share - reported
Basic	$	(0.13)	$	(0.41)	$	0.28
Diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.54)	$	0.41
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (000’s)
Basic	583,559		577,718
Diluted (1)	583,559		638,551

______________________________

(1)Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 does not include the dilutive effect of the Debentures as to do so would be anti-dilutive. Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 do not include the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation as to do so would be anti-dilutive.

Revenue

Revenue by Segment

Comparative breakdowns of revenue by segment are set forth below.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Revenue by Segment
Cybersecurity	$	286		$	330		$	(44)
IoT	149			153			(4)
Licensing and Other	245			22			223
	$	680		$	505		$	175
% Revenue by Segment
Cybersecurity	42.1		%	65.3		%
IoT	21.9		%	30.3		%
Licensing and Other	36.0		%	4.4		%
	100.0		%	100.0		%

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Cybersecurity

The decrease in Cybersecurity revenue of $44 million was primarily due to a decrease of $26 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark, a decrease of $9 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart and a decrease of $5 million in professional services.

IoT

The decrease in IoT revenue of $4 million was primarily due to a decrease of $8 million in professional services and a decrease of $7 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue, partially offset by an increase of $10 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue.

Licensing and Other

The increase in Licensing and Other revenue of $223 million was primarily due to an increase of $218 million related to the completed Malikie Transaction and an increase of $5 million in revenue from the Company’s intellectual property licensing arrangements.

U.S. GAAP Revenue by Geography

Comparative breakdowns of the geographic regions on a U.S. GAAP basis are set forth in the following table:

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Revenue by Geography
North America	$	466		$	266		$	200
Europe, Middle East and Africa	126			176			(50)
Other regions	88			63			25
	$	680		$	505		$	175
% Revenue by Geography
North America	68.5		%	52.7		%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	18.6		%	34.9		%
Other regions	12.9		%	12.4		%
	100.0		%	100.0		%

North America Revenue

The increase in North America revenue of $200 million was primarily due to an increase of $223 million in Licensing and Other revenue due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment” and an increase of $3 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart, partially offset by a decrease of $10 million in professional services and a decrease of $14 million in product revenue in BlackBerry Spark.

Europe, Middle East and Africa Revenue

The decrease in Europe, Middle East and Africa revenue of $50 million was primarily due to a decrease of $40 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart, a decrease of $11 million in product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $4 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue, partially offset by an increase of $7 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue.

Other Regions Revenue

The increase in other regions of $25 million was primarily due to an increase of $26 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart and an increase of $3 million in professional services, partially offset by a decrease in $3 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue and a decrease of $1 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark.

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Consolidated Gross Margin

Consolidated gross margin increased by $72 million to approximately $391 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 (first nine months of fiscal 2023 - $319 million). The increase was primarily due to the completed Malikie Transaction, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from BlackBerry Spark and BlackBerry QNX due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as much of the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.

Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage

Consolidated gross margin percentage decreased by 5.7%, to approximately 57.5% of consolidated revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 (first nine months of fiscal 2023 - 63.2%). The decrease was primarily due to a change in mix, specifically higher contribution from Licensing and Other, which had a lower gross margin percentage due to the completed Malikie Transaction, partially offset by a higher gross margin contribution from Secusmart software licenses, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

Gross Margin by Segment

See “Business Overview” and “Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 Summary Results of Operations” for information about the Company’s operating segments and the basis of operating segment results.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	Cybersecurity									IoT									Licensing and Other									Segment Totals
	November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change			November 30,						Change
	2023			2022						2023			2022						2023			2022						2023			2022
Segment revenue	$	286		$	330		$	(44)		$	149		$	153		$	(4)		$	245		$	22		$	223		$	680		$	505		$	175
Segment cost of sales	110			149			(39)			26			27			(1)			150			8			142			286			184			102
Segment gross margin	$	176		$	181		$	(5)		$	123		$	126		$	(3)		$	95		$	14		$	81		$	394		$	321		$	73
Segment gross margin %	62		%	55		%	7		%	83		%	82		%	1		%	39		%	64		%	(25		%)	58		%	64		%	(6		%)

Cybersecurity

The decrease in Cybersecurity gross margin of $5 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a decrease of $13 million in infrastructure costs and a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from Secusmart software licenses, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

The increase in Cybersecurity gross margin percentage of 7% was primarily due to a decrease of $13 million in infrastructure costs and a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from Secusmart software licenses, which had a higher relative gross margin percentage.

IoT

The decrease of IoT gross margin of $3 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.

The increase in IoT gross margin percentage of 1% was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.

Licensing and Other

The increase in Licensing and Other gross margin of $81 million was primarily due to the completed Malikie Transaction.

The decrease in Licensing and Other gross margin percentage of 25% was primarily due to the completed Malikie Transaction, which had a lower relative gross margin percentage due to the cost basis of the sold assets which was de-recognized.

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Operating Expenses

The table below presents a comparison of research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended November 30, 2022.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			Change
Revenue	$	680		$	505		$	175
Operating expenses
Research and development	146			159			(13)
Selling, marketing and administration	258			257			1
Amortization	42			78			(36)
Impairment of long-lived assets	11			4			7
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—			(6)			6
Debentures fair value adjustment	3			(112)			115
Litigation settlement	—			165			(165)
Total	$	460		$	545		$	(85)
Operating Expense as % of Revenue
Research and development	21.5		%	31.5		%
Selling, marketing and administration	37.9		%	50.9		%
Amortization	6.2		%	15.4		%
Impairment of long-lived assets	1.6		%	0.8		%
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		%	(1.2)		%
Debentures fair value adjustment	0.4		%	(22.2)		%
Litigation settlement	—		%	32.7		%
Total	67.6		%	107.9		%

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

U.S. GAAP Operating Expenses

Operating expenses decreased by $85 million, or 15.6%, in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $165 million litigation settlement in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 which did not recur, a decrease of $36 million in amortization costs, a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business and a decrease of $14 million in salaries and benefits expenses, partially offset by the difference between the Fiscal 2024 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment and the fair value adjustment related to the Debentures incurred in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 of $115 million, an increase of $13 million in restructuring costs, an increase of $7 million in impairment of long-lived assets, a $6 million gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net, in the first nine months fiscal 2023 which did not recur and an increase of $6 million in stock based compensation expense.

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Adjusted Operating Expenses

Adjusted operating expenses decreased by $23 million, or 5.8%, to $375 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $398 million the first nine months of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business, a decrease of $14 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a decrease of $9 million in variable incentive plan costs, partially offset by a $6 million gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net, in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 which did not recur, an increase of $4 million in legal expenses, a decrease in benefits of $4 million in government subsidies resulting from claims filed for the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy and Hardest-Hit Business Recovery Program programs (“COVID-19 subsidies”) and an increase of $2 million in amortization costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for technical personnel, new product development costs, travel, office and building costs, infrastructure costs and other employee costs.

Research and development expenses decreased by $13 million, or 8.2%, in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a decrease of $3 million in variable incentive plan costs and a decrease of $1 million in consulting costs.

Adjusted research and development expenses decreased by $13 million, or 8.5%, to $140 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $153 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the same reasons described above on a U.S. GAAP basis.

Selling, Marketing and Administration Expenses

Selling, marketing and administration expenses consist primarily of marketing, advertising and promotion, salaries and benefits, external advisory fees, information technology costs, office and related staffing infrastructure costs and travel expenses.

Selling, marketing and administration expenses increased by $1 million, or 0.4%, in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023 primarily due to an increase in $12 million in restructuring costs, an increase of $6 million in stock compensation expense, an increase of $4 million in legal expenses and a decrease in benefits of $4 million in COVID-19 subsidies, partially offset by a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business and a decrease of $6 million in variable incentive plan costs.

Adjusted selling, marketing and administration expenses decreased by $18 million, or 7.5%, to $222 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $240 million the first nine months of fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a benefit of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business, a decrease of $6 million in variable incentive costs and a decrease of $5 million in salaries and benefits, partially offset by an increase of $4 million in legal expenses, a decrease in benefits of $4 million in COVID-19 subsidies and an increase of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs.

Amortization Expense

The table below presents a comparison of amortization expense relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recorded as amortization or cost of sales for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended November 30, 2022. Intangible assets are comprised of patents, licenses and acquired technology.

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	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	Included in Operating Expense
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Property, plant and equipment	$	6	$	7	$	(1)
Intangible assets	36		71		(35)
Total	$	42	$	78	$	(36)
	Included in Cost of Sales
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Property, plant and equipment	$	2	$	2	$	—
Intangible assets	2		5		(3)
Total	$	4	$	7	$	(3)

Amortization included in Operating Expense

The decrease in amortization expense included in operating expense of $36 million was primarily due to the lower cost base of acquired technology assets.

Adjusted amortization expense increased by $2 million to $13 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 compared to $11 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 due to an increase in patent amortization expense included in operating expenses as a result of the decrease in revenue from the Company’s intellectual property licensing arrangements.

Amortization included in Cost of Sales

The decrease in amortization expense relating to certain property, plant and equipment and certain intangible assets employed in the Company’s service operations of $3 million was due to the lower cost base of assets.

Investment Income (Loss), Net

Investment income, net, which includes the interest expense from the Debentures, was $15 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and increased by $16 million from investment loss, net of $1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 due to a higher yield on cash and investments and interest income on significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers, partially offset by lower average cash and investment balances.

Income Taxes

For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 37% (first nine months of fiscal 2023 - net effective income tax expense rate of approximately 5%). The Company’s net effective income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefits, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures, amongst other items, was offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.

Net Income (Loss)

The Company’s net loss for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 was $74 million, or $0.13 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis (first nine months of fiscal 2023 - net loss of $239 million, or $0.41 basic loss per share and $0.54 diluted loss per share). The decrease in net loss of $165 million was primarily due to an increase revenue as described above in “Revenue by Segment”, a decrease in operating expenses, as described above in “Operating Expenses” and an increase in investment income (loss), net, partially offset by a decrease in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage”.

Adjusted net income was $14 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 (first nine months of fiscal 2023 - adjusted net loss of $90 million). The increase in adjusted net income of $104 million was primarily due to the same reasons described above on a U.S. GAAP basis.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 584 million for basic and diluted loss per share for the first nine months of November 30, 2023. The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 578 million for basic loss per share and 639 million for diluted loss per share for the first nine months of November 30, 2022.

57

Common Shares Outstanding

On December 18, 2023, there were 585 million voting common shares, options to purchase 0.3 million voting common shares, 13 million restricted share units and 2 million deferred share units outstanding. In addition, 25 million common shares are issuable upon conversion in full of the Extension Debentures as described in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company has not paid any cash dividends during the last three fiscal years. 

Financial Condition

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments decreased by $216 million to $271 million as at November 30, 2023 from $487 million as at February 28, 2023, primarily due to the repayment of the 2020 Debentures at maturity, partially offset by the issuance of the Extension Debentures, the completed Malikie Transaction and changes in working capital. The majority of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and investments were denominated in U.S. dollars as at November 30, 2023.

A comparative summary of cash, cash equivalents, and investments is set out below:

	As at (in millions)
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023		Change
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210	$	295	$	(85)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	25		27		(2)
Short-term investments	—		131		(131)
Long-term investments	36		34		2
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments	$	271	$	487	$	(216)

The table below summarizes the current assets, current liabilities, and working capital of the Company:

	As at (in millions)
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023		Change
Current assets	$	450	$	743	$	(293)
Current liabilities	508		729		(221)
Working capital	$	(58)	$	14	$	(72)

Current Assets

The decrease in current assets of $293 million at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2024 from the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 was primarily due to a decrease of $138 million in other current assets, a decrease in short term investments of $131 million, a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $85 million and a decrease in other receivables of $4 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable, net of allowance of $63 million and an increase in taxes receivables of $2 million.

At November 30, 2023, other current assets were $44 million, a decrease of $138 million from February 28, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in intellectual property of $141 million as a result of the completed Malikie Transaction, partially offset by an increase of $1 million in prepaid insurance.

At November 30, 2023, other receivables were $8 million, a decrease of $4 million from February 28, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $3 million relating to GST/VAT receivables.

At November 30, 2023, accounts receivable, net of allowance was $183 million, an increase of $63 million from February 28, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in software and services revenue recognized over the three months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2023 and an increase in days sales outstanding to 81 days at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2024 from 75 days at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.

At November 30, 2023, income taxes receivable was $5 million, an increase of $2 million from February 28, 2023, which was primarily due to tax installments and prepayments required in certain taxing jurisdictions.

Current Liabilities

The decrease in current liabilities of $221 million at the end of the third quarter of 2024 from the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in the Debentures of $217 million due to the repayment of the 2020 Debentures at maturity, which was partially offset by the issuance of the Extension Debentures, a decrease in accrued liabilities of $18 million

58

and a decrease in accounts payable of $7 million, partially offset by an increase in income taxes payable of $13 million and an increase in deferred revenue, current of $8 million.

Accrued liabilities were $125 million at the end of the third quarter of 2024, reflecting a decrease of $18 million compared to February 28, 2023, which was primarily due to a decrease of $17 million related to the release of an accrued liability relating to the Company’s legacy mobile device business and a decrease of $5 million in variable incentive plan accruals, partially offset by an increase of $2 million in legal accruals.

Accounts payable were $17 million, reflecting a decrease of $7 million from February 28, 2023, which was primarily due to timing of payments.

Income taxes payable were $33 million, reflecting an increase of $13 million compared to February 28, 2023, which was primarily due to changes in the quarterly tax provision.

Deferred revenue, current was $183 million, which reflects an increase of $8 million compared to February 28, 2023 that was attributable to an increase of $15 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry Spark and an increase in $5 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry AtHoc, partially offset by a decrease of $11 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry QNX.

Cash flows for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended November 30, 2022 were as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended
	(in millions)
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		Change
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	12	$	(253)	$	265
Investing activities	112		126		(14)
Financing activities	(211)		6		(217)
Effect of foreign exchange loss on cash and cash equivalents	—		(3)		3
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(87)	$	(124)	$	37

Operating Activities

The increase in net cash flows used in operating activities of $265 million primarily reflects the net changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

During the nine months ended November 30, 2023, cash flows provided by investing activities were $112 million and included cash provided by transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $129 million, offset by cash used in the acquisition of intangible assets of $12 million, and the acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $5 million. For the same period in the prior fiscal year, cash flows provided by investing activities were $126 million and included cash provided by transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $138 million and proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment of $17 million, offset by cash used in the acquisition of intangible assets of $24 million and the acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $5 million.

Financing Activities

The decrease in cash flows used in financing activities was $217 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 due to the repayment of the 2020 Debentures at maturity on November 13, 2023, partially offset by the issuance of the Extension Debentures as described above in “Business Overview - Debt Repayment and New Issuance” and a decrease in common shares issued upon the exercise of stock options and under the employee share purchase plan.

Debenture Financing and Other Funding Sources

See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Debentures.

The Company has $25 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information concerning the Company’s restricted cash.

59

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $271 million as at November 30, 2023. The Company’s management remains focused on maintaining appropriate cash balances, efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. The Company has experienced recent operating losses and the Extension Debentures will mature on February 15, 2024, with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024, by mutual agreement, as described in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes it has the ability to access other potential financing arrangements on commercially reasonable terms. Taking these factors into account and based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities, are expected to be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.

Contractual and Other Obligations

The following table sets out aggregate information about the Company’s contractual and other obligations and the periods in which payments are due as at November 30, 2023:

	(in millions)
	Total		Short-term (next 12 months)		Long-term (>12 months)
Operating lease obligations	$	74	$	24	$	50
Purchase obligations and commitments	62		62		—
Debt interest and principal payments	151		151		—
Total	$	287	$	237	$	50

Total contractual and other obligations as at November 30, 2023 decreased by approximately $269 million as compared to the February 28, 2023 balance of approximately $556 million, which was attributable to a decreases in debt interest and principal payments as a result of the repayment of the 2020 Debentures at maturity on November 13, 2023, partially offset by the issuance of the Extension Debentures as described above in “Business Overview - Debt Repayment and New Issuance” and a decrease in purchase obligations and commitments.

The Company does not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described under “Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Annual MD&A, other than those noted in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is engaged in operating and financing activities that generate risk in three primary areas:

Foreign Exchange

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At November 30, 2023, approximately 13% of cash and cash equivalents, 36% of accounts receivables and 48% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 28, 2023 – 19%, 24% and 36%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. If overall foreign currency exchanges rates to the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened or strengthened by 10% related to the Company’s net monetary asset or liability balances in foreign currencies at November 30, 2023 (after hedging activities), the impact to the Company would be immaterial.

The Company regularly reviews its currency forward and option positions, both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with its underlying foreign currency exposures. Given the effective horizons of the Company’s risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures, there can be no assurance these positions will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in currency exchange rates. Further, the recognition of the gains and losses related to these instruments may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and, therefore, may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

60

Interest Rate

Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities and the significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company also has significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of discounting the future payments from customers with a fixed interest rate. The Company has also issued Debentures with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of the Debentures will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Debentures. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments to hedge its investment portfolio or changes in the market value of the Debentures.

Credit and Customer Concentration

The Company, in the normal course of business, monitors the financial condition of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) that corresponds to the specific credit risk of its customers, historical trends and economic circumstances. The ACL as at November 30, 2023 was $6 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million). There were two customers that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at November 30, 2023 (February 28, 2023 - two customers that comprised more than 10%). During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the percentage of the Company’s receivable balance that was past due decreased by 5.4% compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. Although the Company actively monitors and attempts to collect on its receivables as they become due, the risk of further delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments of receivables from resellers and other distribution partners exists. The occurrence of such delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity and financial condition. There was one customer that comprised 15% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended November 30, 2023 and one customer that comprised 33% of the Company’s revenue in the nine months ended November 30, 2023, respectively, due to the completed Malikie Transaction (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - one customer that comprised 11% and 14% of the Company’s revenue, respectively).

Market values are determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The Company assesses declines in the value of individual investments for impairment to determine whether the decline is other-than-temporary. The Company makes this assessment by considering available evidence including changes in general market conditions, specific industry and individual company data, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition, the near-term prospects of the individual investment and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the debt securities to maturity.

See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s credit risk as it pertains to its foreign exchange derivative counterparties.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of November 30, 2023, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended November 30, 2023, no changes were made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved.

61

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
4.1	Form of Debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 17, 2023)
10.1	Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 17, 2023)
10.2	Employment Agreement with John Giamatteo dated December 6, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 12, 2023)
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
32.1†	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2†	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*	XBRL Instance Document – the document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File – formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

______________________________

* Filed herewith

† Furnished (and not filed) herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of the SEC’s Regulation S-K

62

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

 

	BLACKBERRY LIMITED
Date: December 21, 2023	By:	/s/ John Giamatteo
	Name:	John Giamatteo
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	By:	/s/ Steve Rai
	Name:	Steve Rai
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

63

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of CEO

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, John Giamatteo, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of BlackBerry Limited;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: December 21, 2023	/s/ John Giamatteo
	Name: John Giamatteo
	Title: Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of CFO

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Steve Rai, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of BlackBerry Limited;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: December 21, 2023	/s/ Steve Rai
	Name: Steve Rai
	Title:   Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of CEO

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of BlackBerry Limited (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), John Giamatteo, as Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

    (1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

    (2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/ John Giamatteo

Name: John Giamatteo

Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Date: December 21, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of CFO

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of BlackBerry Limited (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Steve Rai, as Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

    (1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

    (2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/ Steve Rai

Name: Steve Rai

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Date: December 21, 2023

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 18, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Nov. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38232
Entity Registrant Name	BlackBerry Limited
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	Z4
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-0164408
Entity Address, Address Line One	2200 University Ave East
Entity Address, City or Town	Waterloo
Entity Address, State or Province	ON
Entity Address, Country	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	N2K 0A7
City Area Code	(519)
Local Phone Number	888-7465
Title of 12(g) Security	Common Shares
Trading Symbol	BB
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		585,350,929
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0001070235
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--02-29

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Current
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	$ 210	$ 295
Short-term Investments	0	131
Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	183	120
Other receivables (note 4)	8	12
Income taxes receivable	5	3
Other current assets (note 4)	44	182
Assets, Current, Total	450	743
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	25	27
Long-term investments (note 3)	36	34
Other long-term assets (note 4)	66	8
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	41	44
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 4)	22	25
Intangible assets, net (note 4)	163	203
Goodwill (note 4)	597	595
Assets	1,400	1,679
Current
Accounts payable	17	24
Accrued liabilities (note 4)	125	143
Income taxes payable (note 5)	33	20
Debentures (note 6)	150	367
Deferred revenue, current (note 11)	183	175
Total current liabilities	508	729
Deferred revenue, non-current (note 11)	19	40
Operating lease liabilities	47	52
Other long-term liabilities	1	1
Total liabilities	575	822
Capital stock and additional paid-in capital
Preferred shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, cumulative, redeemable and retractable	0	0
Common shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, redeemable, retractable Class A common shares and unlimited number of voting common shares Issued - 585,339,555 voting common shares (February 28, 2023 - 582,157,203)	2,941	2,909
Deficit	(2,102)	(2,028)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (note 9)	(14)	(24)
Total shareholders' equity	825	857
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 1,400	$ 1,679
Common issued (in shares)	585,339,555	582,157,203
Common outstanding (in shares)	585,339,555	582,157,203

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 18, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	585,350,929
Common outstanding (in shares)		585,339,555	582,157,203
Common issued (in shares)		585,339,555	582,157,203
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss		$ 6	$ 1	$ 4

XML

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital	Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning Balance at Feb. 28, 2022	$ 1,556	$ 2,869	$ (1,294)	$ (19)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(239)		(239)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(7)			(7)
Stock-based compensation	23	23
Employee share purchase plan	6	6
Ending Balance at Nov. 30, 2022	1,339	2,898	(1,533)	(26)
Beginning Balance at Aug. 31, 2022	1,330	2,887	(1,529)	(28)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(4)		(4)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2			2
Stock-based compensation	9	9
Employee share purchase plan	2	2
Ending Balance at Nov. 30, 2022	1,339	2,898	(1,533)	(26)
Beginning Balance at Feb. 28, 2023	857	2,909	(2,028)	(24)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(74)		(74)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	10			10
Stock-based compensation	28	28
Employee share purchase plan	4	4
Ending Balance at Nov. 30, 2023	825	2,941	(2,102)	(14)
Beginning Balance at Aug. 31, 2023	829	2,931	(2,081)	(21)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(21)		(21)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7			7
Stock-based compensation	8	8
Employee share purchase plan	2	2
Ending Balance at Nov. 30, 2023	$ 825	$ 2,941	$ (2,102)	$ (14)

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Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Revenue
Revenues	$ 175	$ 169	$ 680	$ 505
Cost of sales
Cost of sales	48	60	289	186
Gross margin	127	109	391	319
Operating expenses
Research and development	42	52	146	159
Selling, marketing and administration	85	89	258	257
Amortization	13	26	42	78
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)	11	0	11	4
Gain on Disposition of Assets	0	0	0	(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)	(56)	3	(112)
Litigation Settlement	0	0	0	165
Total operating expenses	138	111	460	545
Operating loss	(11)	(2)	(69)	(226)
Investment income (loss), net (note 3 and note 6)	5	2	15	(1)
Loss before income taxes	(6)	0	(54)	(227)
Provision for income taxes (note 5)	15	4	20	12
Net loss	$ (21)	$ (4)	$ (74)	$ (239)
Loss per share (note 8)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.41)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.09)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.54)

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (21)	$ (4)	$ (74)	$ (239)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, after Tax	0	0	1	(1)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax	1	1	3	(9)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Financial Liability, Fair Value Option, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, after Tax	6	1	6	3
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7	2	10	(7)
Comprehensive loss	$ (14)	$ (2)	$ (64)	$ (246)

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
OCI, Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Gain (Loss), Arising During Period, Tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Financial Liability, Fair Value Option, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, Tax	0	0	0	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification, Tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (74)	$ (239)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization	46	85
Stock-based compensation	28	23
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)	11	4
Intellectual property disposed of by sale	147	0
Gain on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment	0	(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment	3	(112)
Operating leases	(7)	(12)
Other	0	7
Net changes in working capital items
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	(63)	7
Other receivables	4	16
Income taxes receivable	(2)	4
Other assets	(58)	(2)
Accounts payable	(7)	(1)
Accrued liabilities	(16)	(2)
Income taxes payable	13	10
Deferred revenue	(13)	(35)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	12	(253)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of long-term investments	2	2
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(5)	(5)
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment	0	17
Acquisition of intangible assets	(12)	(24)
Acquisition of short-term investments	92	393
Proceeds on sale or maturity of short-term investments	223	533
Net cash provided by investing activities	112	126
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common shares	4	6
Maturity of 2020 Debentures (note 6)	(365)	0
Issuance of Extension Debentures (note 6)	150	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(211)	6
Effect of foreign exchange loss on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	0	(3)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents during the period	(87)	(124)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period	322	406
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of period	$ 235	$ 282

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Blackberry Limited and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

3 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

1.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Basis of Presentation and Preparation

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). They do not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of BlackBerry Limited (the “Company”) for the year ended February 28, 2023 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending February 29, 2024. The consolidated balance sheet at February 28, 2023 was derived from the audited Annual Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the Annual Financial Statements.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

The Company is organized and managed as three reportable operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively, “Software & Services”), and Licensing and Other, as further discussed in Note 11.

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described in the Annual Financial Statements other than those noted below.

Critical Accounting Estimates during the Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 (Note 11)

To the extent the transaction price in a contract with a customer includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the nature of the variable consideration. The Company also estimates whether and how much variable consideration is subject to constraint if it cannot conclude it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue will not occur, due to factors such as: the consideration being highly susceptible to factors outside the Company’s influence, the period of time before the variable consideration is resolved, the Company’s previous experience with similar contracts, the Company’s history of price concessions or changing of payment terms, and whether there is a large number and broad range of possible variable consideration amounts. To the extent the Company determines that there is a significant financing component in a contract with a customer, it determines the impact of the time value of money in adjusting the transaction price to account for the income associated with the financing component by estimating the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception, based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.

Accounting Standards Adopted During Fiscal 2024

The Company has not adopted any new standards to date during fiscal 2024.

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Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Adoption Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07 on the topic of segment reporting. The standard requires additional disclosures for segment reporting. These requirements include: (i) disclosure of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”); (ii) disclosure of an amount for other segment items (equal to the difference between segment revenue less segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss) by reportable segment and a description of their composition; (iii) annual disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods; (iv) clarification that, if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report those additional measures of segment profit or loss; (v) disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources; (vi) requiring a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU, and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2025 and is in the process of evaluating the new requirements. As a result, the Company has not yet determined the impact this new ASU will have on its disclosures.

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Fair Value Measurements, Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements, Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS

Fair Value

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, non-performance risk and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value into three levels:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at amounts that approximate their fair values (Level 2 measurement) due to their short maturities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

In determining the fair value of investments held, the Company primarily relies on an independent third-party valuator for the fair valuation of securities. The Company also reviews the inputs used in the valuation process and assesses the pricing of the securities for reasonableness after conducting its own internal collection of quoted prices from brokers. Fair values for all investment categories provided by the independent third-party valuator that are in excess of 0.5% from the fair values determined by the Company are communicated to the independent third-party valuator for consideration of reasonableness. The independent third-party valuator considers the information provided by the Company before determining whether a change in their original pricing is warranted.

When the Company concludes that there is a significant financing component included within a contract with a customer due to timing differences between the fulfillment of certain performance obligations and the receipt of payment for those performance obligations, the Company determines the present value of the future consideration utilizing the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.

For a description of how the fair value of the 2020 Debentures (as defined in Note 6) was determined, see the “Convertible debentures” accounting policies in Note 1 to the Annual Financial Statements. The Extension Debentures (as defined in Note 6) are classified as Level 2.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company re-measures the fair value of non-marketable equity investments for which it utilizes the measurement alternative, and long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, intangible assets and goodwill if an impairment or observable price adjustment is recognized in the current period.

Non-Marketable Equity Investments Measured Using the Measurement Alternative

Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative include investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values in which the Company does not own a controlling interest or have significant influence. The estimation of fair value used in the fair value measurements required the use of significant unobservable inputs, and as a result, the fair value measurements were classified as Level 3.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company exited certain leased facilities and recorded a pre-tax and after-tax impairment charge of $3 million and $3 million, respectively, related to the operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for those facilities (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $4 million). The impairment was determined by comparing the fair value of the impacted ROU asset to the carrying value of the asset as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the ROU asset was based on the estimated sublease income for certain facilities taking into consideration the estimated time period it will take to obtain a sublessor, the applicable discount rate and the sublease rate, which are considered unobservable inputs. The Company conducts an evaluation of the related liabilities and expenses and revises its assumptions and estimates as appropriate as new or updated information becomes available. These ROU impaired assets are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company conducts regular reviews of the individual patents, both organically generated and acquired, comprising its patent portfolio. As a result of this review, for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company determined it has an indicator of impairment, as it had ceased enforcement and abandoned the legal right and title to patents with a cost of $15 million, accumulated amortization of $7 million, and a net book value of $8 million, which is classified as an impairment of long-lived assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - nil impairment).

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	87	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other investments	30		6		—		36		—		—		36		—
	117		6		—		123		87		—		36		—
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	21		—		—		21		—		—		—		21
Bearer deposit notes	24		—		—		24		24		—		—		—
Commercial paper	20		—		—		20		20		—		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	5		—		—		5		5		—		—		—
Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes	3		—		—		3		3		—		—		—
U.S. treasury bills/notes	75		—		—		75		71		—		—		4
	148		—		—		148		123		—		—		25
	$	275	$	6	$	(10)	$	271	$	210	$	—	$	36	$	25

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	89	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	2
Other investments	26		2		—		28		—		—		28		—
	115		2		—		117		87		—		28		2
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	33		—		—		33		8		—		—		25
Bearer deposit notes	82		—		—		82		82		—		—		—
Commercial paper	159		—		—		159		108		51		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	45		—		—		45		—		45		—		—
Non-U.S. government sponsored enterprise notes	30		—		—		30		10		20		—		—
Corporate notes/bonds	15		—		—		15		—		15		—		—
	364		—		—		364		208		131		—		25
Level 3:
Other investments	2		4		—		6		—		—		6		—
	$	491	$	6	$	(10)	$	487	$	295	$	131	$	34	$	27

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

As at November 30, 2023, the Company had non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value of $36 million (February 28, 2023 - $34 million). As of November 30, 2023, the Company has recorded a cumulative impairment of $3 million to the carrying value of certain other non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value (February 28, 2023 - $3 million).

There were no realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

The Company has restricted cash and cash equivalents, consisting of cash and securities pledged as collateral to major banking partners in support of the Company’s requirements for letters of credit. These letters of credit support certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. The letters of credit are for terms ranging from one month to two years. The Company is legally restricted from accessing these funds during the term of the leases for which the letters of credit have been issued; however, the Company can continue to invest the funds and receive investment income thereon.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 from the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210	$	295
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	25		27
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows	$	235	$	322

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Cost Basis		Fair Value		Cost Basis		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	148	$	148	$	364	$	364
No fixed maturity	10		—		10		—
	$	158	$	148	$	374	$	364

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, the Company had no available-for-sale debt securities with continuous unrealized losses

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Details

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Consolidated Balance Sheet Details

4.    CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DETAILS

Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance

The allowance for credit losses as at November 30, 2023 was $6 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million).

The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses (“CECL”) for accounts receivable. The CECL for accounts receivable are estimated based on days past due and region for each customer in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics that operate under similar economic environments. The Company determined the CECL by estimating historical credit loss experience based on the past due status and region of the customers, adjusted as appropriate to reflect current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions. When specific customers are identified as no longer sharing the same risk profile as their current pool, they are removed from the pool and evaluated separately. The Company also has long-term accounts receivable included in Other Long-term Assets. The CECL for the long-term accounts receivable is estimated using the probability of default method and the default exposure due to limited historical information. The exposure of default is represented by the assets’ amortized carrying amount at the reporting date.

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:

	Carrying Amount
Beginning balance as of February 28, 2022	$	4
Prior period provision for expected credit losses	1
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(4)
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at February 28, 2023	1
Current period provision for expected credit losses	5
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at November 30, 2023	$	6

The allowance for credit losses as at November 30, 2023 consists of $2 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million) relating to CECL estimated based on days past due and region and $4 million (February 28, 2023 - nil) relating to specific customers that were evaluated separately.

There were two customers that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at November 30, 2023 (February 28, 2023 - two customers comprised more than 10%).

Other Receivables

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, other receivables included items such as claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Intellectual property	$	—	$	141
Other	44		41
	$	44	$	182

As described in Note 11, on May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie Innovations Limited (“Malikie”) and recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million, which is comprised of the carrying value of the intellectual property of $141 million referred to above, and $6 million of capitalized costs during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 related to patent maintenance. See Note 11 under the heading “Patent Sale”.

Other current assets also included the current portion of deferred commissions and prepaid expenses, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance as at the balance sheet dates.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cost
BlackBerry operations and other information technology	$	85	$	84
Leasehold improvements and other	18		19
Furniture and fixtures	8		9
Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment	2		2
	113		114
Accumulated amortization	91		89
Net book value	$	22	$	25

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets comprised the following:

	As at November 30, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	842	$	58
Other acquired intangibles	386		329		57
Intellectual property	110		62		48
	$	1,396	$	1,233	$	163

	As at February 28, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	824	$	76
Other acquired intangibles	386		318		68
Intellectual property	123		64		59
	$	1,409	$	1,206	$	203

For the nine months ended November 30, 2023, amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $38 million (nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $76 million).

Total additions to intangible assets for the nine months ended November 30, 2023 amounted to $12 million (nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $24 million). During the nine months ended November 30, 2023, additions to intangible assets primarily consisted of payments for intellectual property relating to patent maintenance, registration and license fees.

Based on the carrying value of the identified intangible assets as at November 30, 2023, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2024 and each of the five succeeding years is expected to be as follows: fiscal 2024 - $11 million; fiscal 2025 - $41 million; fiscal 2026 - $36 million; fiscal 2027 - $31 million; fiscal 2028 - $18 million and fiscal 2029 - $6 million.

Goodwill

Changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Carrying Amount
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2022	$	844
Goodwill impairment charge	(245)
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	(4)
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2023	595
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	2
Carrying amount as at November 30, 2023	$	597

Other Long-term Assets

As at November 30, 2023, other long-term assets included long-term receivables related to intellectual property sold, see Note 11 under the heading “Patent Sale”, long-term receivables, and the long-term portion of deferred commission, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the total assets balance.

As at February 28, 2023, other long-term assets included the long-term portion of deferred commission, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the total assets balance.

Accrued Liabilities

As at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023, other accrued liabilities included operating lease liabilities, current and accrued director fees, accrued vendor liabilities, variable incentive accrual, payroll withholding taxes and accrued royalties, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current liabilities balance in any of the periods presented.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

For the nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 37% compared to a net effective income tax expense rate of 5% for the nine months ended November 30, 2022. The Company’s income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefit, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures, amongst other items, is offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.

The Company’s total unrecognized income tax benefits as at November 30, 2023 were $21 million (February 28, 2023 - $21 million). As at November 30, 2023, $21 million of the unrecognized income tax benefits have been netted against deferred income tax assets and nil has been recorded within income taxes payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is subject to ongoing examination by tax authorities in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company regularly assesses the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision for income taxes as well as the provisions for indirect and other taxes and related penalties and interest. While the final resolution of audits is uncertain, the Company believes the ultimate resolution of these audits will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

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Debentures

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debentures

DEBENTURES

On November 17, 2023, the Company issued $150 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% extendible convertible unsecured debentures (the “Extension Debentures”) in a private placement to certain controlled affiliates of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“Fairfax”). The Company used the net proceeds of the issuance of the Extension Debentures, together with cash on hand, to repay its outstanding $365 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% unsecured convertible debentures (the “2020 Debentures” and, together with the Extension Debentures, the “Debentures”) at maturity on November 13, 2023. Aside from the maturity date, the terms of the Extension Debentures are substantially identical to those of the 2020 Debentures, except that the Extension Debentures will not be listed on any stock exchange and will not involve an indenture trustee.

The Extension Debentures are due on February 15, 2024 (the “Initial Maturity Date”), with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024 (the “Final Maturity Date” and, together with the Initial Maturity Date, each a “Maturity Date”) by mutual agreement. Each $1,000 principal amount of Extension Debentures is convertible at any time prior to the third business day prior to the Maturity Date into 166.67 common shares of the Company, for a total of 25 million common shares at a price of $6.00 per share, subject to adjustments. Covenants associated with the Extension Debentures include limitations on the Company’s total indebtedness. Interest on the Extension Debentures is payable on the Maturity Date in arrears at a rate of 1.75% per annum.

Under specified events of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued interest on the Extension Debentures become immediately due and payable upon request of holders holding not less than 25% of the principal amount of the Extension Debentures then outstanding. During an event of default, the interest rate increases to 5.75% per annum.

The Extension Debentures are subject to a change of control provision whereby the Company would be required to make an offer to repurchase the Extension Debentures at 115% of par value if a person or group (not affiliated with Fairfax) acquires 35% of the Company’s outstanding common shares, acquires all or substantially all of its assets, or if the Company merges with another entity and the Company’s existing shareholders hold less than 50% of the common shares of the surviving entity. Additionally, the Extension Debentures cannot be converted to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder would beneficially own or exercise control or direction over more than 19.99% of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares.

Due to the conversion option and other embedded derivatives within the Extension Debentures, and consistent with the Company’s accounting for the 2020 Debentures, the Company has elected to record the Extension Debentures, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at fair value and present the Extension Debentures as a single hybrid financial instrument. No portion of the fair value of the Extension Debentures has been recorded as equity, nor would be if the embedded derivatives were bifurcated from the host debt contract.

Each period, the fair value of the Debentures is recalculated and resulting gains and losses from the change in fair value of the Debentures associated with non-credit components are recognized in income, while the change in fair value associated with credit components is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”). The fair value of the Extension Debentures has been determined using observable interest rate curves, the market price and volatility of the Company’s listed common shares.

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Balance as at February 28, 2023	$	367
Change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures	(2)
Maturity of the 2020 Debentures on November 13, 2023	(365)
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	—

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Extension Debentures from their date of issuance, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Principal received as of November 17, 2023	$	150
Change in fair value of the Extension Debentures	—
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	150

The difference between the fair value of the Extension Debentures and the unpaid principal balance of $150 million is nil.

The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the Debentures for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:    

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Income associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations	$	18	$	56	$	2	$	112
Income associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components recorded in AOCL	—		1		—		3
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	(6)		—		(6)		—
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components released from AOCL on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	6		—		6		—
Total decrease in the fair value of the Debentures	$	18	$	57	$	2	$	115

For the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, the Company recorded interest expense related to the Debentures of $1 million and $5 million, respectively, which has been included in investment income (loss), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - $2 million and $5 million).

Fairfax, a related party under U.S. GAAP due to its beneficial ownership of common shares in the Company after taking into account potential conversion of the Extension Debentures, owned $330 million principal amount of the 2020 Debentures and now owns $150 million principal amount of the Extension Debentures. As such, the payment of interest on the Extension Debentures to Fairfax represents a related party transaction.

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Capital Stock

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Capital Stock

CAPITAL STOCK

The following details the changes in issued and outstanding common shares for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
	Stock Outstanding (000s)	Amount
Common shares outstanding as at February 28, 2023	582,157	$	2,909
Exercise of stock options	92	—
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements	2,054	—
Stock-based compensation	—	28
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan	1,037	4
Common shares outstanding as at November 30, 2023	585,340	$	2,941

The Company had 585 million voting common shares outstanding, 0.3 million options to purchase voting common shares, 13 million RSUs and 2 million DSUs outstanding as at December 18, 2023. In addition, 25 million common shares are issuable upon conversion in full of the Extension Debentures as described in Note 6.

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Net loss for basic loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(74)	$	(239)
Less: Debentures fair value adjustment (1) (2) (3) (4)	(13)		(56)		—		(112)
Add: interest expense on Debentures (1) (2) (3) (4)	1		2		—		5
Net loss for diluted loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(33)	$	(58)	$	(74)	$	(346)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000’s) - basic (5)	584,331		578,948		583,559		577,718
Effect of dilutive securities (000’s)
Conversion of 2020 Debentures (1) (3)	49,469		60,833		—		60,833
Conversion of Extension Debentures (2) (4)	4,670		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares and assumed conversions (000’s) diluted	638,470		639,781		583,559		638,551
Loss per share - reported
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	(0.01)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.41)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(0.09)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.54)

______________________________

(1) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the 2020 Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the beginning of the quarter for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the 2020 Debentures and interest expense incurred on the 2020 Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022, and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(2) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the Extension Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the issuance date for the three months ended November 30, 2023. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the Extension Debentures and interest expense incurred on the Extension Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(3) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(4) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(5) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022, as to do so would be antidilutive.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9.    ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The changes in AOCL by component net of tax, for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Cash Flow Hedges
Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	—
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	—		(2)		1		(3)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	—		2		—		2
Accumulated net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)
Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Balance, beginning of period	$	(14)	$	(20)	$	(16)	$	(10)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1		1		3		(9)
Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment	$	(13)	$	(19)	$	(13)	$	(19)
Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On Debentures
Balance, beginning of period	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(8)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	—		1		—		3
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	6		—		6		—
Change in fair value from instruments-specific credit risk on Debentures	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)
Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations
Actuarial losses associated with other post-employment benefit obligations	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, End of Period	$	(14)	$	(26)	$	(14)	$	(26)

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

(a)Letters of Credit

The Company had $25 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business as of November 30, 2023. See the discussion of restricted cash in Note 3.

(b)Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in litigation in the normal course of its business, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The Company is subject to a variety of claims (including claims related to patent infringement, purported class actions and other claims in the normal course of business) and may be subject to additional claims either directly or through indemnities against claims that it provides to certain of its partners and customers. In particular, the industry in which the Company competes has many participants that own, or claim to own, intellectual property, including participants that have been issued patents and may have filed patent applications or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights for technologies similar to those used by the Company in its products. The Company has received, and may receive in the future, assertions and claims from third parties that the Company’s products infringe on their patents or other intellectual property rights. Litigation has been, and will likely continue to be, necessary to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish the Company’s proprietary rights. Regardless of whether claims against the Company have merit, those claims could be time-consuming to evaluate and defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and subject the Company to significant liabilities.

Management reviews all of the relevant facts for each claim and applies judgment in evaluating the likelihood and, if applicable, the amount of any potential loss. Where a potential loss is considered probable and the amount is reasonably estimable, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the likely outcome. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum amount in the range. The Company does not provide for claims for which the outcome is not probable or claims for which the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. Any settlements or awards under such claims are provided for when reasonably determinable.

As of November 30, 2023, there are no material claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as both probable to result and reasonably estimable; therefore, no accrual has been made. Further, there are claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as reasonably possible to result; however, an estimate of the amount of loss cannot reasonably be made. There are many reasons that the Company cannot make these assessments, including, among others, one or more of the following: the early stages of a proceeding does not require the claimant to specifically identify the patent claims that have allegedly been infringed or the products that are alleged to infringe; damages sought are unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; discovery has not been started or is incomplete; the facts that are in dispute are highly complex; the difficulty of assessing novel claims; the parties have not engaged in any meaningful settlement discussions; the possibility that other parties may share in any ultimate liability; and the often slow pace of litigation.

The Company has included the following summaries of certain of its legal proceedings though they do not meet the test for accrual described above.

Between October and December 2013, several purported class action lawsuits and one individual lawsuit were filed against the Company and certain of its former officers in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada alleging that the Company and certain of its officers made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s financial condition and business prospects and that certain of the Company’s financial statements contain material misstatements. The individual lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed and the consolidated U.S. class actions was settled; see “Litigation Settlement” below in this Note 10.

On July 23, 2014, the plaintiff in the putative Ontario class action (Swisscanto Fondsleitung AG v. BlackBerry Limited, et al.) filed a motion for class certification and for leave to pursue statutory misrepresentation claims. On November 17, 2015, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On December 2, 2015, the Company filed a notice of motion seeking leave to appeal this ruling. On November 15, 2018, the Court denied the Company’s motion for leave to appeal the order granting the plaintiffs leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On February 5, 2019, the Court entered an order certifying a class comprised persons (a) who purchased BlackBerry common shares between March 28, 2013, and September 20, 2013, and still held at least some of those shares as of September 20, 2013, and (b) who acquired those shares on a Canadian stock exchange or acquired those shares on any other stock exchange and were a resident of Canada when the shares were acquired. Notice of class certification was published on March 6, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on April 1, 2019. Discovery is proceeding and the Court has not set a trial date.

On March 17, 2017, a putative employment class action was filed against the Company in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Parker v. BlackBerry Limited). The Statement of Claim alleges that actions the Company took when certain of its employees decided to accept offers of employment from Ford Motor Company of Canada amounted to a wrongful termination of the employees’ employment with the Company. The claim seeks (i) an unspecified quantum of statutory, contractual, or common law termination entitlements; (ii) punitive or breach of duty of good faith damages of CAD$20 million, or such other amount as the Court finds appropriate, (iii) pre- and post- judgment interest, (iv) attorneys’ fees and costs, and (v) such other relief as the Court deems just. The Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion to certify the class action on May 27, 2019. The Company commenced a motion for leave to appeal the certification order on June 11, 2019. The Court denied the motion for leave to appeal on September 17, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on December 19, 2019. The parties participated in a mediation on November 9, 2022, which did not result in an agreement. Discovery is proceeding and the Court has not set a trial date.

Other contingencies

As at November 30, 2023, the Company has recognized $17 million (February 28, 2023 - $17 million) in funds from claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX. A portion of this amount may be repayable in the future under certain circumstances if certain terms and conditions are not met by the Company, which is not probable at this time.

(c)Litigation Settlement

On April 6, 2022, through a mediator, the Company agreed in principle to pay $165 million to settle the U.S. consolidated actions (see “Litigation” above in this Note 10). The Stipulation of Settlement was executed effective June 7, 2022. On June 29, 2022, the Company paid $1 million of the settlement amount. The remaining $164 million was paid on September 6, 2022. On September 29, 2022, the Court granted final approval of the settlement and entered final judgment.

(d)Indemnifications

The Company enters into certain agreements that contain indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and damages, including in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third party. Such intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are generally not subject to any dollar limits and remain in effect for the term of the Company’s agreements. To date, the Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its current and former directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company agreed, subject to applicable law, to indemnify its current and former directors and executive officers against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action that could arise by reason of their status as directors or officers. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage for the benefit of the Company, and its current and former directors and executive officers. The Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications in the current period.

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Revenue and Segment Disclosures

REVENUE AND SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

The Company reports segment information based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the CODM for making decisions and assessing performance as a source of the Company’s reportable operating segments. The CODM, who is the Executive Chair and interim CEO of the Company, makes decisions and assesses the performance of the Company using three operating segments.

The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. The Company does not specifically allocate assets to operating segments for internal reporting purposes.

Segment Disclosures

The Company is organized and managed as three operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT, and Licensing and Other.

The following table shows information by operating segment for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	114	$	106	$	55	$	51	$	6	$	12	$	175	$	169
Segment cost of sales	37		46		9		10		1		4		47		60
Segment gross margin (1)	$	77	$	60	$	46	$	41	$	5	$	8	$	128	$	109
	For the Nine Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	286	$	330	$	149	$	153	$	245	$	22	$	680	$	505
Segment cost of sales	110		149		26		27		150		8		286		184
Segment gross margin (1)	$	176	$	181	$	123	$	126	$	95	$	14	$	394	$	321

______________________________

(1) A reconciliation of total segment gross margin to consolidated totals is set forth below.

Cybersecurity consists of BlackBerry® UEM and Cylance® solutions (collectively BlackBerry Spark®), BlackBerry® AtHoc® and BlackBerry® SecuSUITE®. The Company’s Cylance artificial intelligence and machine learning-based platform consists of CylanceENDPOINT™, CylanceGUARD®, CylanceEDGE™, CylanceINTELLIGENCE™ and other cybersecurity applications. The BlackBerry UEM Suite includes the Company’s BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™, and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. Cybersecurity revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.

IoT consists of BlackBerry® QNX®, BlackBerry® Certicom®, BlackBerry Radar®, BlackBerry IVY® and other IoT applications. IoT revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.

Licensing and Other consists of the Company’s intellectual property arrangements and settlement awards. Other consists of the Company’s legacy service access fees (“SAF”) business, which ceased operations on January 4, 2022.

The following table reconciles total segment gross margin for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to the Company’s consolidated totals:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Total segment gross margin	$	128	$	109	394		$	321
Adjustments (1):
Less: Stock compensation	1		—		3		2
Less:
Research & development	42		52		146		159
Selling, marketing and administration	85		89		258		257
Amortization	13		26		42		78
Impairment of long-lived assets	11		—		11		4
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		—		—		(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)		(56)		3		(112)
Litigation settlement	—		—		—		165
Investment income (loss), net	(5)		(2)		(15)		1
Consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(6)	$	—	$	(54)	$	(227)

______________________________

(1) The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below:

Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.

Patent Sale

On May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie and sold certain non-core patent assets for $170 million in cash on closing, an additional $30 million in fixed consideration due by no later than the third anniversary of closing and variable consideration in the form of future royalties in the aggregate amount of up to $700 million (the “Malikie Transaction”). Pursuant to the terms of the Malikie Transaction, the Company received a license back to the patents sold, which relate primarily to mobile devices, messaging and wireless networking. The Malikie Transaction will not impact customers’ right to use any of the Company’s products, solutions or services.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million related to intellectual property sold. As at November 30, 2023, the remaining financing component on the patent sale was $12 million and will be recognized as interest income over the payment terms.

The Company estimated variable consideration from future royalty revenues using an expected value method including inputs from both internal and external sources related to patent monetization activities and cash flows, and constrained the recognition of that variable consideration based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1. The present value of variable consideration recognized as revenue was $23 million and the amount of

variable consideration constrained was $210 million. The Company evaluates its conclusions as to whether the constraints are still applicable on an ongoing basis, and will make updates when it observes a sufficient amount of evidence that amounts of variable consideration are no longer subject to constraint or the estimated amount of variable consideration has changed.

Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers based on geographical regions, timing of revenue recognition, and the major product and service types, as discussed above in “Segment Disclosures”.

The Company’s revenue, classified by major geographic region in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
North America (1)	$	77		$	92		$	466		$	266
Europe, Middle East and Africa	50			55			126			176
Other regions	48			22			88			63
Total	$	175		$	169		$	680		$	505
North America (1)	44.0		%	54.5		%	68.5		%	52.7		%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	28.6		%	32.5		%	18.6		%	34.9		%
Other regions	27.4		%	13.0		%	12.9		%	12.4		%
Total	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%

______________________________

(1) North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof.

Revenue, classified by timing of recognition, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Products and services transferred over time	$	80	$	88	$	245	$	281
Products and services transferred at a point in time	95		81		435		224
Total	$	175	$	169	$	680	$	505

Revenue contract balances

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s revenue contract balances for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Accounts and Other Receivable		Deferred Revenue		Deferred Commissions
Opening balance as at February 28, 2023	$	120	$	215	$	17
Increases due to invoicing of new or existing contracts, associated contract acquisition costs, or other	722		428		24
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or other	(604)		(441)		(20)
Increase (decrease), net	118		(13)		4
Closing balance as at November 30, 2023	$	238	$	202	$	21

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The table below discloses the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at November 30, 2023 and the time frame in which the Company expects to recognize this revenue. The disclosure includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

The disclosure excludes estimates of variable consideration relating to future royalty revenues from the patent sale to Malikie, which have been constrained based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1 and under “Patent Sale” in this Note 11.

	As at November 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months		12 to 24 Months		Thereafter		Total
Remaining performance obligations	$	183	$	9	$	10	$	202

Revenue recognized for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods

For the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023, $1 million and $32 million of revenue, respectively, was recognized relating to performance obligations satisfied in a prior period as a result of certain variable consideration no longer being subject to constraint (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - nil and $1 million).

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease ROU assets and goodwill, classified by geographic region in which the Company’s assets are located, were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets		Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets
Canada	$	83	$	357	$	98	$	375
United States	711		936		742		1,208
Other	29		107		27		96
	$	823	$	1,400	$	867	$	1,679

Information About Major Customers

There was one customer that comprised 15% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended November 30, 2023 and one customer that comprised 33% of the Company’s revenue in the nine months ended November 30, 2023 due to the completed Malikie Transaction (three and nine months ended November 30, 2022 - one customer that comprised 11% and 14% of the Company’s revenue, respectively

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Cash Flow and Additional Information

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Cash Flow and Additional Information

CASH FLOW AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(a)    Certain consolidated statements of cash flow information related to interest and income taxes paid is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Interest paid during the period	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	5
Income taxes paid during the period	1		—		5		2
Income tax refunds received during the period	—		5		—		5

(b)    Additional Information

Foreign exchange

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Other expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At November 30, 2023, approximately 13% of cash and cash equivalents, 36% of accounts receivable and 48% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 28, 2023 – 19%, 24% and 36%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

Interest rate risk

Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities and the significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company also has significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of discounting the future payments from customers with a fixed interest rate. The Company has also issued Debentures with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 6. The fair value of the Debentures will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Debentures. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments to hedge its investment portfolio or changes in the market value of the Debentures.

Credit risk

The Company is exposed to market and credit risk on its investment portfolio. The Company is also exposed to credit risk with customers, as described in Note 4. The Company reduces this risk from its investment portfolio by investing in liquid, investment-grade securities and by limiting exposure to any one entity or group of related entities. As at November 30, 2023, no single issuer represented more than 35% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments (February 28, 2023 - no single issuer represented more than 12% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments), with the largest such issuer representing bearer deposits, term deposits and cash balances with one of the Company’s banking counterparties.

The Company maintains Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”) with several of its counterparties. These CSAs require the outstanding net position of all contracts be made whole by the paying or receiving of collateral to or from the counterparties on a daily basis, subject to exposure and transfer thresholds. As at November 30, 2023, the Company had no collateral posted or held with counterparties (February 28, 2023 - $1 million in collateral held).

Liquidity risk

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $271 million as at November 30, 2023. The Company’s management remains focused on efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. The Company has experienced recent operating losses and the Extension Debentures will mature on February 15, 2024, with an option for the parties to extend the maturity date to May 15, 2024, by mutual agreement, as described above in Note 6, but the Company has the ability to access other potential financing arrangements on commercially reasonable terms. Taking these factors into account and based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities and access to other potential financing arrangements, are expected to be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.

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Blackberry Limited and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of presentation and preparation

Basis of Presentation and Preparation

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). They do not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of BlackBerry Limited (the “Company”) for the year ended February 28, 2023 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending February 29, 2024. The consolidated balance sheet at February 28, 2023 was derived from the audited Annual Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the Annual Financial Statements.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

The Company is organized and managed as three reportable operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively, “Software & Services”), and Licensing and Other, as further discussed in Note 11.

Use of estimates

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described in the Annual Financial Statements other than those noted below.

Critical Accounting Estimates during the Nine Months Ended November 30, 2023 (Note 11)

To the extent the transaction price in a contract with a customer includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the nature of the variable consideration. The Company also estimates whether and how much variable consideration is subject to constraint if it cannot conclude it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue will not occur, due to factors such as: the consideration being highly susceptible to factors outside the Company’s influence, the period of time before the variable consideration is resolved, the Company’s previous experience with similar contracts, the Company’s history of price concessions or changing of payment terms, and whether there is a large number and broad range of possible variable consideration amounts. To the extent the Company determines that there is a significant financing component in a contract with a customer, it determines the impact of the time value of money in adjusting the transaction price to account for the income associated with the financing component by estimating the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception, based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.

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Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07 on the topic of segment reporting. The standard requires additional disclosures for segment reporting. These requirements include: (i) disclosure of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”); (ii) disclosure of an amount for other segment items (equal to the difference between segment revenue less segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss) by reportable segment and a description of their composition; (iii) annual disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods; (iv) clarification that, if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report those additional measures of segment profit or loss; (v) disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources; (vi) requiring a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU, and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2025 and is in the process of evaluating the new requirements. As a result, the Company has not yet determined the impact this new ASU will have on its disclosures.

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Fair Value Measurements, Cash, Cash Equivalent and Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Components of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	87	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other investments	30		6		—		36		—		—		36		—
	117		6		—		123		87		—		36		—
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	21		—		—		21		—		—		—		21
Bearer deposit notes	24		—		—		24		24		—		—		—
Commercial paper	20		—		—		20		20		—		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	5		—		—		5		5		—		—		—
Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes	3		—		—		3		3		—		—		—
U.S. treasury bills/notes	75		—		—		75		71		—		—		4
	148		—		—		148		123		—		—		25
	$	275	$	6	$	(10)	$	271	$	210	$	—	$	36	$	25

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost Basis (1)		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments		Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Bank balances	$	89	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	2
Other investments	26		2		—		28		—		—		28		—
	115		2		—		117		87		—		28		2
Level 1:
Equity securities	10		—		(10)		—		—		—		—		—
Level 2:
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits	33		—		—		33		8		—		—		25
Bearer deposit notes	82		—		—		82		82		—		—		—
Commercial paper	159		—		—		159		108		51		—		—
Non-U.S. promissory notes	45		—		—		45		—		45		—		—
Non-U.S. government sponsored enterprise notes	30		—		—		30		10		20		—		—
Corporate notes/bonds	15		—		—		15		—		15		—		—
	364		—		—		364		208		131		—		25
Level 3:
Other investments	2		4		—		6		—		—		6		—
	$	491	$	6	$	(10)	$	487	$	295	$	131	$	34	$	27

______________________________

(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 from the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210	$	295
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	25		27
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows	$	235	$	322

Contractual Maturities of Available-for-Sale Investments

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments as at November 30, 2023 and February 28, 2023 were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Cost Basis		Fair Value		Cost Basis		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	148	$	148	$	364	$	364
No fixed maturity	10		—		10		—
	$	158	$	148	$	374	$	364

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Details (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:

	Carrying Amount
Beginning balance as of February 28, 2022	$	4
Prior period provision for expected credit losses	1
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(4)
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at February 28, 2023	1
Current period provision for expected credit losses	5
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at November 30, 2023	$	6

The allowance for credit losses as at November 30, 2023 consists of $2 million (February 28, 2023 - $1 million) relating to CECL estimated based on days past due and region and $4 million (February 28, 2023 - nil) relating to specific customers that were evaluated separately.

Schedule of Other Current Assets

Other current assets comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Intellectual property	$	—	$	141
Other	44		41
	$	44	$	182

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment comprised the following:

	As at
	November 30, 2023		February 28, 2023
Cost
BlackBerry operations and other information technology	$	85	$	84
Leasehold improvements and other	18		19
Furniture and fixtures	8		9
Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment	2		2
	113		114
Accumulated amortization	91		89
Net book value	$	22	$	25

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets comprised the following:

	As at November 30, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	842	$	58
Other acquired intangibles	386		329		57
Intellectual property	110		62		48
	$	1,396	$	1,233	$	163

	As at February 28, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Acquired technology	$	900	$	824	$	76
Other acquired intangibles	386		318		68
Intellectual property	123		64		59
	$	1,409	$	1,206	$	203

Changes to Carrying Amount of Goodwill

Changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended November 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Carrying Amount
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2022	$	844
Goodwill impairment charge	(245)
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	(4)
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2023	595
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	2
Carrying amount as at November 30, 2023	$	597

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Debentures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debentures

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Balance as at February 28, 2023	$	367
Change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures	(2)
Maturity of the 2020 Debentures on November 13, 2023	(365)
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	—

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Extension Debentures from their date of issuance, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy:

	November 30, 2023
Principal received as of November 17, 2023	$	150
Change in fair value of the Extension Debentures	—
Balance as at November 30, 2023	$	150

1.75% Debenture - impact of changes in fair value

The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the Debentures for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:    

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Income associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations	$	18	$	56	$	2	$	112
Income associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components recorded in AOCL	—		1		—		3
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	(6)		—		(6)		—
Realized losses associated with the change in fair value from credit components released from AOCL on maturity of the 2020 Debentures	6		—		6		—
Total decrease in the fair value of the Debentures	$	18	$	57	$	2	$	115

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Capital Stock (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]

Changes in Issued and Outstanding Common Shares

The following details the changes in issued and outstanding common shares for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
	Stock Outstanding (000s)	Amount
Common shares outstanding as at February 28, 2023	582,157	$	2,909
Exercise of stock options	92	—
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements	2,054	—
Stock-based compensation	—	28
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan	1,037	4
Common shares outstanding as at November 30, 2023	585,340	$	2,941

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Net loss for basic loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(74)	$	(239)
Less: Debentures fair value adjustment (1) (2) (3) (4)	(13)		(56)		—		(112)
Add: interest expense on Debentures (1) (2) (3) (4)	1		2		—		5
Net loss for diluted loss per share available to common shareholders	$	(33)	$	(58)	$	(74)	$	(346)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000’s) - basic (5)	584,331		578,948		583,559		577,718
Effect of dilutive securities (000’s)
Conversion of 2020 Debentures (1) (3)	49,469		60,833		—		60,833
Conversion of Extension Debentures (2) (4)	4,670		—		—		—
Weighted average number of shares and assumed conversions (000’s) diluted	638,470		639,781		583,559		638,551
Loss per share - reported
Basic	$	(0.04)	$	(0.01)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.41)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(0.09)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.54)

______________________________

(1) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the 2020 Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the beginning of the quarter for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the 2020 Debentures and interest expense incurred on the 2020 Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022, and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(2) The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the Extension Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the issuance date for the three months ended November 30, 2023. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the Extension Debentures and interest expense incurred on the Extension Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(3) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

(4) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

(5) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022, as to do so would be antidilutive.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in AOCL by component net of tax, for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Cash Flow Hedges
Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	—
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	—		(2)		1		(3)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	—		2		—		2
Accumulated net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)
Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation Adjustment
Balance, beginning of period	$	(14)	$	(20)	$	(16)	$	(10)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1		1		3		(9)
Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment	$	(13)	$	(19)	$	(13)	$	(19)
Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On Debentures
Balance, beginning of period	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(6)	$	(8)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	—		1		—		3
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	6		—		6		—
Change in fair value from instruments-specific credit risk on Debentures	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)
Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations
Actuarial losses associated with other post-employment benefit obligations	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(1)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, End of Period	$	(14)	$	(26)	$	(14)	$	(26)

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Revenue and Segment Disclosure (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following table shows information by operating segment for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	114	$	106	$	55	$	51	$	6	$	12	$	175	$	169
Segment cost of sales	37		46		9		10		1		4		47		60
Segment gross margin (1)	$	77	$	60	$	46	$	41	$	5	$	8	$	128	$	109
	For the Nine Months Ended
	Cybersecurity				IoT				Licensing and Other				Segment Totals
	November 30,				November 30,				November 30,				November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Segment revenue	$	286	$	330	$	149	$	153	$	245	$	22	$	680	$	505
Segment cost of sales	110		149		26		27		150		8		286		184
Segment gross margin (1)	$	176	$	181	$	123	$	126	$	95	$	14	$	394	$	321

______________________________

(1) A reconciliation of total segment gross margin to consolidated totals is set forth below.

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated

The following table reconciles total segment gross margin for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to the Company’s consolidated totals:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Total segment gross margin	$	128	$	109	394		$	321
Adjustments (1):
Less: Stock compensation	1		—		3		2
Less:
Research & development	42		52		146		159
Selling, marketing and administration	85		89		258		257
Amortization	13		26		42		78
Impairment of long-lived assets	11		—		11		4
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net	—		—		—		(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment	(13)		(56)		3		(112)
Litigation settlement	—		—		—		165
Investment income (loss), net	(5)		(2)		(15)		1
Consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(6)	$	—	$	(54)	$	(227)

______________________________

(1) The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below:

Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.

Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas

The Company’s revenue, classified by major geographic region in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022			November 30, 2023			November 30, 2022
North America (1)	$	77		$	92		$	466		$	266
Europe, Middle East and Africa	50			55			126			176
Other regions	48			22			88			63
Total	$	175		$	169		$	680		$	505
North America (1)	44.0		%	54.5		%	68.5		%	52.7		%
Europe, Middle East and Africa	28.6		%	32.5		%	18.6		%	34.9		%
Other regions	27.4		%	13.0		%	12.9		%	12.4		%
Total	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%

______________________________

(1) North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof.

Revenue Classified by Timing of Recognition

Revenue, classified by timing of recognition, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Products and services transferred over time	$	80	$	88	$	245	$	281
Products and services transferred at a point in time	95		81		435		224
Total	$	175	$	169	$	680	$	505

Revenue Contract Balances

The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s revenue contract balances for the nine months ended November 30, 2023:

	Accounts and Other Receivable		Deferred Revenue		Deferred Commissions
Opening balance as at February 28, 2023	$	120	$	215	$	17
Increases due to invoicing of new or existing contracts, associated contract acquisition costs, or other	722		428		24
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or other	(604)		(441)		(20)
Increase (decrease), net	118		(13)		4
Closing balance as at November 30, 2023	$	238	$	202	$	21

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligation

The table below discloses the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at November 30, 2023 and the time frame in which the Company expects to recognize this revenue. The disclosure includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

The disclosure excludes estimates of variable consideration relating to future royalty revenues from the patent sale to Malikie, which have been constrained based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1 and under “Patent Sale” in this Note 11.

	As at November 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months		12 to 24 Months		Thereafter		Total
Remaining performance obligations	$	183	$	9	$	10	$	202

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease ROU assets and goodwill, classified by geographic region in which the Company’s assets are located, were as follows:

	As at
	November 30, 2023				February 28, 2023
	Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets		Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill		Total Assets
Canada	$	83	$	357	$	98	$	375
United States	711		936		742		1,208
Other	29		107		27		96
	$	823	$	1,400	$	867	$	1,679

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Cash Flow and Additional Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

(a)    Certain consolidated statements of cash flow information related to interest and income taxes paid is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2022
Interest paid during the period	$	1	$	2	$	5	$	5
Income taxes paid during the period	1		—		5		2
Income tax refunds received during the period	—		5		—		5

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Fair Value Measurements - Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)	$ 11	$ 0	$ 11	$ 4
Impairment Of Right of Use Assets	3	4	3	4
Patent Abandonment, Cost	15		15
Patent Abandonment, Accumulated Amortization	$ 7		7
Patent Abandonment, Net Book Value		$ 0	$ 8	$ 0

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Components of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023		Feb. 28, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	$ 275		$ 491
Unrealized Gains	6		6
Unrealized Losses	(10)		(10)
Fair Value	271		487
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	210		295
Short-term Investments	0		131
Long-term investments (note 3)	36		34
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	25		27
Bank balances
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	87		89
Unrealized Gains	0		0
Unrealized Losses	0		0
Fair Value	87		89
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	87		87
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		2
Other investments
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	30	[1]	26	[2]
Unrealized Gains	6		2
Unrealized Losses	0		0
Fair Value	36		28
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	0		0
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	36		28
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		0
Bank Balances and Other Investments [Domain]
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	117		115
Unrealized Gains	6		2
Unrealized Losses	0		0
Fair Value	123		117
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	87		87
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	36		28
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		2
Level 1: | Equity securities
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	10		10
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Unrealized Loss	(10)		(10)
Fair Value	0		0
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	0		0
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		0
Level 2:
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	148		364
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0		0
Fair Value	148		364
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	123		208
Short-term Investments	0		131
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	25		25
Level 2: | Term deposits, and certificates of deposits
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	21		33
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0		0
Fair Value	21		33
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	0		8
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	21		25
Level 2: | Bearer deposit notes
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	24		82
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0		0
Fair Value	24		82
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	24		82
Short-term Investments	0		0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		0
Level 2: | Commercial paper
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	20		159
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0		0
Fair Value	20		159
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	20		108
Short-term Investments	0		51
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		0
Level 2: | Non-U.S. promissory notes
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	5		45
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0		0
Fair Value	5		45
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	5		0
Short-term Investments	0		45
Long-term investments (note 3)	0		0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0		0
Level 2: | Non-U.S. government sponsored enterprise notes
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis			30
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain			0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss			0
Fair Value			30
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)			10
Short-term Investments			20
Long-term investments (note 3)			0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents			0
Level 2: | Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss	0
Fair Value	3
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	3
Short-term Investments	0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	0
Level 2: | Corporate notes/bonds
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis			15
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Gain			0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss			0
Fair Value			15
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)			0
Short-term Investments			15
Long-term investments (note 3)			0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents			0
Level 2: | U.S. treasury bills/notes
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis	75
Unrealized Gains	0
Unrealized Losses	0
Fair Value	75
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	71
Short-term Investments	0
Long-term investments (note 3)	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 4
Level 3: | Other investments
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Cost Basis			2
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Upward Price Adjustment, Annual Amount			4
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Downward Price Adjustment, Annual Amount			0
Fair Value			6
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)			0
Short-term Investments			0
Long-term investments (note 3)			6
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents			$ 0

[1] Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

[2] Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Investments that are communicated to the third party for consideration of reasonableness, threshold limit for fair values			0.50%
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Amount	$ 36		$ 36		$ 34
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Realized Gain (Loss)	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	0		0		0
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Impairment Loss, Cumulative Amount	$ 3		$ 3		$ 3
Minimum
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Letters of credit terms			1 month
Maximum
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Line Items]
Letters of credit terms			2 years

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Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	$ 210	$ 295
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	25	27
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Total	$ 235	$ 322	$ 282	$ 406

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Contractual Maturities of Available-for-Sale Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Cost Basis
Due in one year or less	$ 148	$ 364
No fixed maturity	10	10
Total	158	374
Fair Value
Due in one year or less	148	364
No fixed maturity	0	0
Total	$ 148	$ 364

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Details - Accounts Receivable (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Relating to CECL Estimated Based on Days Past Due and Region	$ 2	$ 1
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Relating to Customers Evaluated Separately	$ 4	$ 0
Number of customers with a balance greater than 10% of total accounts receivable	2	2
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	$ 1	$ 4
Current period provision for expected credit losses	5	1
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff		(4)
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	$ 6	$ 1

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Details - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Intellectual Property included in Other Current Assets		$ 0		$ 141
Other Current Assets - Other Amounts		44		41
Other current assets (note 4)		$ 44		$ 182
Other current assets greater than five percent of current assets		none		none
Patent maintenance on intellectual property sold	$ 6
Revenue recognized on patent sale		$ 218
Intellectual property disposed of by sale		$ 147	$ 0
Other Long-Term Assets Greater than Five Percent of Total Assets		none		none

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Detail - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cost of property, plant and equipment	$ 113	$ 114
Accumulated amortization	91	89
Net book value	22	25
BlackBerry operations and other information technology
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cost of property, plant and equipment	85	84
Leasehold improvements and other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cost of property, plant and equipment	18	19
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cost of property, plant and equipment	8	9
Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cost of property, plant and equipment	$ 2	$ 2

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Detail - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 1,396		$ 1,409
Accumulated Amortization	1,233		1,206
Net Book Value	163		203
Amortization expenses related to intangible assets	38	$ 76
Payments to Acquire Intangible Assets	12	$ 24
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	11
2025	41
2026	36
2027	31
2028	18
2029	6
Acquired technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	900		900
Accumulated Amortization	842		824
Net Book Value	58		76
Other acquired intangibles
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	386		386
Accumulated Amortization	329		318
Net Book Value	57		68
Intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	110		123
Accumulated Amortization	62		64
Net Book Value	$ 48		$ 59

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Details Consolidated Balance Sheet Details - Changes to Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying amount as of beginning of period	$ 595	$ 844
Impairment of goodwill		245
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill	2	(4)
Carrying amount as of end of period	$ 597	$ 595

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Detail - Additional Information (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Accrued Liabilities
Other Receivables Greater than Five Percent of Current Assets	none	none
Other accrued liabilities greater than five percent of current liabilities	none	none

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective Income Recovery (Expense) Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	(37.00%)	(5.00%)
Unrecognized Tax Benefits	$ 21		$ 21
Unrecognized tax benefits netted against deferred income taxes	21
Unrecognized tax benefits included within taxes payable	$ 0

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Debentures (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 13, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt	$ 150,000,000		$ 150,000,000
Interest rate	1.75%		1.75%
Par value of convertible debentures			$ 1,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Number of Equity Instruments - with decimals			166.67
Conversion of stock (in shares) | shares			25,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.00		$ 6.00
Interest rate in event of default	5.75%		5.75%
Percent of debt holders (not less than)	25.00%		25.00%
Percentage change of control	115.00%		115.00%
Ownership percentage by arms length party, common shares	35.00%		35.00%
Ownership percentage, common shares	50.00%		50.00%
Unpaid principal balance	$ 150,000,000		$ 150,000,000
Fair Value, Option, Aggregate Differences, Long-term Debt Instruments	0		0
Interest expense, debt	$ 1,000,000	$ 2,000,000	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Maximum ownership allowed after converting 1.75% Debenture	19.99%		19.99%
Related Party Principal Amounts of Extension Debenture Owned	$ 150,000,000		$ 150,000,000
Related Party Principal Amounts of 2020 Debenture Owned	$ 330,000,000		$ 330,000,000
Extension Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt					$ 365,000,000
Redemption period, end date			Feb. 15, 2024
Extension Debenture - extend Maturity Date			May 15, 2024
2020 Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption period, end date			Nov. 13, 2023

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Debentures - Change in Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 17, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debenture total fair value adjustment			$ (2)
Maturity of 2020 Debentures (note 6)			(365)	$ 0
Debentures (note 6)	$ 150		150			$ 367
Extension Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debenture total fair value adjustment			0
Debentures (note 6)	150		150		$ 150
2020 Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debenture total fair value adjustment	(18)	$ (57)	(2)	$ (115)
Maturity of 2020 Debentures (note 6)			(365)
Debentures (note 6)	$ 0		$ 0			$ 367

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Debentures - Impact of Changes in Fair Value of Debentures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Income (charge) associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations	$ 13	$ 56	$ (3)	$ 112
Income (charge) associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components recorded in AOCL	0		0
Debenture total fair value adjustment			2
Extension Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debenture total fair value adjustment			0
2020 Debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Income (charge) associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations	18	56	2	112
Income (charge) associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components recorded in AOCL		1		3
Realized charges associated with the change in fair value from credit components recorded in the consolidated statement of operations on redemption	(6)	0	(6)	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Financial Liability, Fair Value Option, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Derecognition, before Tax	6	0	6	0
Debenture total fair value adjustment	$ 18	$ 57	$ 2	$ 115

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Capital Stock - Changes in Issued and Outstanding Common Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Common Stock [Roll Forward]
Capital stock outstanding, Shares, Beginning Balance			582,157,203
Capital stock outstanding, Shares, Ending Balance	585,339,555		585,339,555
Common Stock, Amount [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	$ 8	$ 9	$ 28	$ 23
Employee share purchase plan	$ 2	2	$ 4	6
Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
Common Stock [Roll Forward]
Capital stock outstanding, Shares, Beginning Balance			582,157,000
Exercise of stock options			92,000
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements			2,054,000
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan			1,037,000
Capital stock outstanding, Shares, Ending Balance	585,340,000		585,340,000
Common Stock, Amount [Roll Forward]
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding			$ 2,909
Stock-based compensation	$ 8	9	28	23
Employee share purchase plan	2	$ 2	4	$ 6
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding	$ 2,941		$ 2,941

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Capital Stock - Subsequent event (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 18, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Common outstanding (in shares)	585,339,555		582,157,203
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common outstanding (in shares)	585,339,555		582,157,203
Conversion of stock (in shares)	25,000,000
1.75% Debenture
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of stock (in shares)	25,000,000
Voting Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Equity [Abstract]
Common outstanding (in shares)		585,000,000
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common outstanding (in shares)		585,000,000
Employee Stock Option [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Equity [Abstract]
Common outstanding (in shares)		300,000
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common outstanding (in shares)		300,000
Restricted Share Units (RSUs) | Subsequent Event [Member]
Equity [Abstract]
Common outstanding (in shares)		13,000,000
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common outstanding (in shares)		13,000,000
Deferred Share Unit | Subsequent Event [Member]
Equity [Abstract]
Common outstanding (in shares)		2,000,000
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common outstanding (in shares)		2,000,000

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
		Nov. 30, 2023		Nov. 30, 2022		Nov. 30, 2023		Nov. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss for basic loss per share available to common shareholders		$ (21)		$ (4)		$ (74)		$ (239)
Debentures fair value impact on EPS		(13)		(56)		0		(112)
Interest expense, debt adjustment impact on EPS		1		2		0		5
Net loss for diluted loss per share available to common shareholders		$ (33)		$ (58)		$ (74)		$ (346)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (000's) - basic and diluted (in shares)	[1]	584,331		578,948		583,559		577,718
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted, Total (in shares)		638,470		639,781		583,559		638,551
Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.04)		$ (0.01)		$ (0.13)		$ (0.41)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.05)		$ (0.09)		$ (0.13)		$ (0.54)
2020 Debentures
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities, Effect on Basic Earnings Per Share, Dilutive Convertible Securities (in shares)		49,469	[2]	60,833	[2]	0	[3]	60,833	[2]
Extension Debentures
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities, Effect on Basic Earnings Per Share, Dilutive Convertible Securities (in shares)		4,670	[4]	0		0	[5]	0

[1] The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022, as to do so would be antidilutive.

[2] The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the 2020 Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the beginning of the quarter for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the 2020 Debentures and interest expense incurred on the 2020 Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and three and nine months ended November 30, 2022, and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

[3] The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the 2020 Debentures.

[4] The Company has presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method for the period the Extension Debentures were outstanding, assuming conversion at the issuance date for the three months ended November 30, 2023. Accordingly, to calculate diluted loss per share, the Company adjusted net loss by eliminating the fair value adjustment made to the Extension Debentures and interest expense incurred on the Extension Debentures for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and added the number of shares that would have been issued upon conversion to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

[5] The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Extension Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended November 30, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the Extension Debentures.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 829	$ 1,330	$ 857	$ 1,556
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax	1	1	3	(9)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Financial Liability, Fair Value Option, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, after Tax	6	1	6	3
Ending Balance	825	1,339	825	1,339
Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0	(1)	(1)	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification, after Tax	0	(2)	1	(3)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	0	2	0	2
Ending Balance	0	(1)	0	(1)
Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(14)	(20)	(16)	(10)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax	1	1	3	(9)
Ending Balance	(13)	(19)	(13)	(19)
Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On Debentures
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(6)	(6)	(6)	(8)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Financial Liability, Fair Value Option, Unrealized Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, after Tax	0	1	0	3
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss	6	0	6	0
Ending Balance	0	(5)	0	(5)
Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Ending Balance	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
AOCI Attributable to Parent
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Ending Balance	$ (14)	$ (26)	$ (14)	$ (26)

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Loss Contingencies Line Items]
Collateral of outstanding letters of credit	$ 25
Funds from claim filed with Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to Strategic Innovation Fund Program	$ 17	$ 17

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Results of Arbitrations and Legal Proceedings [Line Items]
Payments for Legal Settlements		$ 164	$ 1
Litigation Settlement	$ 0	$ 0		$ 0	$ 165

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures - Operating results by operating segments (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($) operatingSegment	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of Operating Segments | operatingSegment			3
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 175	$ 169	$ 680	$ 505
Cost of sales	48	60	289	186
Segment gross margin	127	109	391	319
Cybersecurity
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	114	106	286	330
Cost of sales	37	46	110	149
Segment gross margin	77	60	176	181
IoT
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	55	51	149	153
Cost of sales	9	10	26	27
Segment gross margin	46	41	123	126
Licensing and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	6	12	245	22
Cost of sales	1	4	150	8
Segment gross margin			95
Segment gross margin	5	8		14
Total Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	175	169	680	505
Cost of sales	47	60	286	184
Segment gross margin	$ 128	$ 109	$ 394	$ 321

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures - Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment gross margin		$ 127	$ 109	$ 391	$ 319
Cost of sales		48	60	289	186
Research and development		42	52	146	159
Selling, marketing and administration		85	89	258	257
Amortization		13	26	42	78
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 3)		11	0	11	4
Gain on Disposition of Assets		0	0	0	(6)
Debentures fair value adjustment		(13)	(56)	3	(112)
Litigation Settlement		0	0	0	165
Investment income (loss), net (note 3 and note 6)		5	2	15	(1)
Loss before income taxes		(6)	0	(54)	(227)
Total Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment gross margin		128	109	394	321
Cost of sales		47	60	286	184
Segment Reconciling Items
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Cost of sales	[1]	1	0	3	2
Investment income (loss), net (note 3 and note 6)		$ 5	$ 2	$ 15	$ (1)

[1] The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below: Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures (Details) - Additional Details - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	May 11, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Patent sale cash consideration on closing			$ 170
Patent sale consideration no later than third anniversary date of closing			30
Patent sale consideration in the form of potential future royalty			$ 700
Revenue recognized on patent sale	$ 218
Patent sale financing component	12
Patent sale variable consideration recognized on sale	23
Patent sale variable consideration constrained	210
Intellectual property disposed of by sale	$ 147	$ 0

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures - Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue		$ 175	$ 169	$ 680	$ 505
Total Revenue Rate		100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Number of customers that comprised more than 10% of total revenue		one	one	one	one
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | One Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		15.00%	11.00%	33.00%	14.00%
North America
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	[1]	$ 77	$ 92	$ 466	$ 266
Total Revenue Rate	[1]	44.00%	54.50%	68.50%	52.70%
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue		$ 50	$ 55	$ 126	$ 176
Total Revenue Rate		28.60%	32.50%	18.60%	34.90%
Other regions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue		$ 48	$ 22	$ 88	$ 63
Total Revenue Rate		27.40%	13.00%	12.90%	12.40%

[1] North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures Revenue classified by timing of recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Revenue classified by timing of recognition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 175.0	$ 169.0	$ 680.0	$ 505.0
Products and services transferred over time
Revenue classified by timing of recognition [Line Items]
Revenues	80.0	88.0	245.0	281.0
Products and services transferred at a point in time
Revenue classified by timing of recognition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 95.0	$ 81.0	$ 435.0	$ 224.0

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures Revenue Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Revenue Contract Balances [Line Items]
Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Revenue	$ (13)	$ (35)
Accounts and Other Receivable
Revenue Contract Balances [Line Items]
Contract with Customer, Asset, Net - Current and Non-Current	120
Increase in contract receivable	722
Decrease in contract asset	(604)
Increase (Decrease) In Contract Assets	118
Contract with Customer, Asset, Net - Current and Non-Current	238
Deferred Revenue
Revenue Contract Balances [Line Items]
Deferred Revenue	215
Deferred Revenue, Additions	428
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or other	(441)
Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Revenue	(13)
Deferred Revenue	202
Deferred Commissions
Revenue Contract Balances [Line Items]
Capitalized Contract Cost, Net	17
Increase in deferred commission	24
Decrease in deferred commission	(20)
Net change in deferred commission	4
Capitalized Contract Cost, Net	$ 21

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures -Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations [Line Items]
Contract with Customer, Performance Obligation Satisfied in Previous Period	$ 1	$ 0	$ 32	$ 1
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	202		202
Less than 12 months
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	183		183
12 to 24 months
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	9		9
After 24 months
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 10		$ 10

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Revenue and Segment Disclosures - Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-Lived Assets	$ 823	$ 867
Assets	1,400	1,679
Canada
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-Lived Assets	83	98
Assets	357	375
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-Lived Assets	711	742
Assets	936	1,208
Other Countries
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-Lived Assets	29	27
Assets	$ 107	$ 96

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Cash Flow and Additional Information - Interest and Income Taxes Paid (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Interest paid during the period	$ 1	$ 2	$ 5	$ 5
Income taxes paid during the period	1	0	5	2
Income tax refunds received during the period	$ 0	$ 5	$ 0	$ 5

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Additional Information - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Percentage of cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies	13.00%	19.00%
Percentage of accounts receivable denominated in foreign currencies	36.00%	24.00%
Percentage of accounts payable denominated in foreign currencies	48.00%	36.00%
Interest rate	1.75%
Percentage of cash, cash equivalents and investments threshold used to determine major issuer	35.00%	12.00%
Derivative liability, fair value of collateral	$ 0	$ 1
Cash, Cash Equivalents And Investments	$ 271	$ 487