HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS INC (Form: 10QSB/A, Received: 12/18/2007 15:34:51)

10-Q 1 hbsc11130810q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS INC (Form: 10QSB/A, Received: 12/18/2007 15:34:51)

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

þ Quarterly report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File No. 0-28413

HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS

( Exact name of small business issuer as specified in its charter )



California (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	77-0481056 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1127 Harker Avenue

Palo Alto, California 94301

(Address of principal executive offices)

650-323-0943

(Issuer’s telephone number)

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check One):

Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer ____ Non-Accelerated Filer ____ Smaller Reporting Company X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ¨ No þ

At September 30, 2008 the registrant had outstanding 186,461,700 shares of common stock, no par value.

HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2008 (Unaudited)

and December 31, 2007

F-1

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 and the

Period from February 26, 1998 (Inception) through September 30, 2008

F-2

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit (Unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008

F-3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 and the

Period from February 26, 1998 (Inception) through September 30, 2008

F-4

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

F-6

Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and

Results of Operations

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 4T.

Controls and Procedures

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

and Use of Proceeds

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

Item 5.

Other Information

Item 6.

Exhibits

Signatures

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.


HUMAN BIOSYSTEM
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


ASSETS

	September 30,	December, 31,
	2008	2007
	(Unaudited)
Current assets
Cash	$ 500	$ 8,700
Prepaid expenses	11,300	55,400
Total current assets	11,800	64,100

Fixed assets, net	85,400	103,300

Other assets
Loan fees	-	33,600
Deposit on land purchase	-	389,700

Total assets	$ 97,200	$ 590,700

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

Current liabilities

Accounts payable	$ 803,100	$ 801,900
Accrued liabilities	289,800	197,500
Public relations payable	58,400	58,400
Due to stockholders	1,082,300	357,000
Note payable, net of discount	324,400	359,000
Note payable for D & O	-	36,100
Total current liabilities	2,558,000	1,809,900

Long term liabilities
Due to stockholders	-	680,000

Total liabilities	2,558,000	2,489,900

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' deficit
Preferred stock; no par or stated value; 10,000,000 shares
authorized, no shares issued or outstanding	-	-
Common stock; no par or stated value; 300,000,000 shares authorized,
191,489,700 and 134,992,100 shares issued, and
186,461,700 and 128,098,100 outstanding
as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively	25,300,300	24,697,100
Loan fees paid in common stock	(7,500)	(26,600)
Accumulated deficit during development stage	(27,753,600)	(26,569,700)
Total stockholders' deficit	(2,460,800)	(1,899,200)

Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$ 97,200	$ 590,700


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

F-1


HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)


	Three months	Three months	Nine months	Nine months	February 26, 1998
	ended	ended	ended	ended	(Inception) Through
	Sept 30, 2008	Sept 30, 2007	Sept 30, 2008	Sept 30, 2007	September 30, 2008

Revenue	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ -

Operating expenses
General and administrative
Stock based compensation	700	6,800	3,700	27,900	4,382,600
Public relations	6,000	3,100	44,000	408,600	5,593,400
Other general and administrative expenses	178,300	271,000	729,900	908,000	9,705,700
Total general and administrative	185,000	280,900	777,600	1,344,500	19,681,700
Research and development	49,900	70,700	125,000	211,900	2,684,900
Ethanol development	(1,200)	131,200	15,700	902,900	1,160,400
Sales and marketing	-	-	-	-	820,800

Total operating expenses	233,700	482,800	918,300	2,459,300	24,347,800

Loss from operations	(233,700)	(482,800)	(918,300)	(2,459,300)	(24,347,800)

Other income (expense)
Loan fees	-	-	-	-	(750,000)
Bad debt related to other receivable	-	-	-	-	(502,300)
Loss on investment	(176,700)	-	(176,700)	(7,600)	(946,900)
Forgiveness of debt	-	-	-	100	105,600
Interest income	-	-	-	5,100	8,700
Interest expense	(11,900)	(126,100)	(88,100)	(379,000)	(1,311,300)

Loss before provision for income taxes	(422,300)	(608,900)	(1,183,100)	(2,840,700)	(27,744,000)

Provision for income taxes	-	800	800	800	9,600

Net loss	$ (422,300)	$ (609,700)	$ (1,183,900)	$ (2,841,500)	$ (27,753,600)

Basic and diluted loss per common share	$ (0.00)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.64)

Basic and diluted weighted average
common shares outstanding	180,349,683	105,819,310	153,478,015	99,849,219	43,132,433


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

F-2


HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)


					Accumulated
				Loan Fees	Deficit During	Total
		Common Stock		Paid in	Development	Stockholders'
		Shares	Amount	Common Stock	Stage	Deficit
Balance December 31, 2007		128,098,100	$ 24,697,100	$ (26,600)	$ (26,569,700)	$ (1,899,200)

Issuance of common stock for cash
(net of offering costs of $381,800),
weighted average price of	$0.01	20,205,000	226,600	-	-	226,600

Issuance of common stock for cash
related to Investment Agreement,
weighted average price of	$0.01	15,755,800	125,500	-	-	125,500

Issuance of common stock for services,
weighted average price of	$0.01	3,650,000	44,000	-	-	44,000

Issuance of common stock in satisfaction
of accounts payable,
weighted average price of	$0.01	12,511,800	128,200	-	-	128,200

Issuance of common stock in satisfaction
of notes payable, including interest
of $1,600, weighted average price of	$0.01	741,000	5,200	-	-	5,200

Issuance of common stock in satisfaction
of accrued interest included in due to
related party, weighted average price of	$0.01	2,500,000	31,000	-	-	31,000

Issuance of common stock for
joint venture investment,
weighted average price of	$0.01	3,000,000	39,000	-	-	39,000

Stock based compensation
related to granting of options		-	3,700	-	-	3,700

Current period amortization
of loan fees paid in common stock		-	-	19,100	-	19,100

Net loss		-	-	-	(1,183,900)	(1,183,900)

Balance September 30, 2008		186,461,700	$ 25,300,300	$ (7,500)	$ (27,753,600)	$ (2,460,800)


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

F-3


HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

	Nine months	Nine months	February 26, 1998
	ended	ended	(Inception) Through
	Sept. 30, 2008	Sept. 30, 2007	September 30, 2008
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (1,183,900)	$ (2,841,500)	$ (27,753,600)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used by operating activities:
Stock based compensation	3,700	27,900	4,376,000
Public relations - paid or to be paid in common stock	44,000	268,800	5,395,400
Depreciation	17,900	12,900	55,300
Deemed interest expense	-	-	92,800
Interest expense paid in common stock	1,600	-	489,400
Interest and wages due to stockholders	156,300	-	156,300
Amortization and accretion of loan fees and discounts	62,200	347,200	1,324,200
Loss on investment	-	7,600	776,800
Loss on joint venture with EBE	176,700	-	176,700
Bad debt related to other receivables	-	-	502,300
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Change in prepaid expenses	44,100	38,000	107,800
Change in other assets	-	(35,000)	(133,800)
Change in accounts payable	216,400	447,000	1,165,100
Change in accrued liabilities	92,300	123,700	211,300
Change in other liabilities	-	-	226,100
Net cash used by operating activities	(368,700)	(1,603,400)	(12,831,900)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of investments	-	133,100	133,100
Purchase of fixed assets	-	(82,800)	(140,700)
Deposit on land purchase	-	(239,700)	(389,700)
Net cash used by investing activities	-	(189,400)	(397,300)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Change in due to stockholders	100,000	602,300	1,998,900
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	352,100	1,256,900	11,089,700
Proceeds from borrowing on notes payable	-	385,000	1,829,500
Principal payments on notes payable	(55,500)	(1,025,300)	(1,431,400)
Principal payments on note payable for D&O	(36,100)	(35,800)	(165,500)
Principal payments on stock subject to rescission	-	-	(41,500)
Change in other receivables	-	-	(50,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	360,500	1,183,100	13,229,700

Net increase (decrease) in cash	(8,200)	(609,700)	500

Cash, beginning of period	8,700	613,600	-

Cash, end of period	$ 500	$ 3,900	$ 500

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

F-4


Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$ 800	$ -	$ 9,600
Cash paid for interest	$ -	$ 300	$ 13,000

Schedule of non-cash financing and investing activities:
Issuance of common stock in satisfaction of
accounts payable	$ 5,900	$ 13,400	$ 111,700
Issuance of common stock in satisfaction of
note payable, including interest of $1,600	$ 5,200	$ -	$ 5,200
Issuance of common stock in satisfaction of accrued
interest included in due to related party	$ 31,000	$ -	$ 31,000
Issuance of common stock and warrants for loan fees	$ -	$ 55,000	$ 55,000
Investment in Environmental BioMass Energy
Issuance of common stock	$ 39,000	$ -	$ 39,000
Transfer of deposit on land purchase	389,700	-	389,700
Release from accounts payable	(87,000)	-	(87,000)
Release from due to related party, net of amortized
loan fees	(165,000)	-	(165,000)
	$ 176,700	$ -	$ 176,700


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

F-5

HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS

(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS, HISTORY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of business - Human BioSystems (hereinafter referred to as the "Company") is a development stage company incorporated on February 26, 1998 under the laws of the State of California under the name "HyperBaric Systems." In November of 2002, we changed our name to Human BioSystems. The business purpose of the Company is to develop the technology for preservation of certain biologic material, including platelets (a blood component), red blood cells, heart valves, tissue and organs. The Company is in the eleventh year of its research and development activities. The Company's goal is to develop the technology to extend and maintain functionality of these materials for much longer periods of time than is currently possible.

In August 2006, we also entered the renewable energy market through the formation of our wholly-owned subsidiary, HBS BioEnergy (“HBS Bio”). Although at that time, HBS Bio intended to identify, secure and develop suitable sites for the production of ethanol and biodiesel fuel for the U.S. market using innovative methods to improve the efficiency and cost of producing biofuels, we recently made the decision to continue our efforts in the renewable energy market by focusing on the waste to energy segment of that market using animal and other waste products to produce electrical energy to be sold to utilities versus ethanol and biodiesel fuel production. The new focus in the Company’s renewable fuels segment of the business is being addressed through a partnership with Environmental BioMass Energy Inc. (EBE) which is in the business of converting biowaste to electrical energy. Under this partnership, HBS received approximately 49% of EBE common stock in exchange for releasing its interest in a property purchase agreement. All operations and management functions of EBE are performed by EBE employees.

Consolidation - The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Human BioSystems and its wholly owned subsidiary HBS Bio and its majority owned subsidiary HBS BioEnergy DDG Corcoran, LLC (HBS Corcoran). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission requirements for interim financial statements. Therefore, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007.

The interim financial information is unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2008 and the results of operations and cash flows presented herein have been included in the financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Use of estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

F-6

Adoption of New Accounting Standards - In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosure related to the use of fair value measures in financial statements. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 were to be effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. On February 6, 2008, the FASB agreed to defer the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157 except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” SFAS No. 159 allows an entity the irrevocable option to elect fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement of certain financial assets and liabilities under an instrument-by-instrument election. Subsequent measurements for the financial assets and liabilities an entity elects to fair value will be recognized in the results of operations. SFAS No. 159 also establishes additional disclosure requirements. The Company did not elect the fair value option under SFAS No. 159 for any of its financial assets or liabilities upon adoption. The adoption of SFAS No. 159 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

Going concern - The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company is in the development stage, has no operating revenue and incurred a net loss of approximately $1,183,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The Company is in the eleventh year of research and development, with an accumulated loss during the development stage of approximately $27,753,600. As of September 30, 2008, management is uncertain as to the completion date or if the product will be completed at all.

These conditions give rise to substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of reported asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company's continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional financing or sale of its common stock as may be required and ultimately to attain profitability.

Management's plan, in this regard, is to raise financing of approximately $4,000,000 through a combination of equity and debt financing. Management believes this amount will be sufficient to finance the continuing research for the next twelve months. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in raising such financing.

In April, 2008, the Company made the decision to close the Russian Branch office, where the original platelet research was conducted until it was transferred to the U.S., and more recently the Branch had conducted market research for the Company. The process was completed on October 2, 2008.

In July 2008, the Company reduced payroll expenses by inactivating pay of certain officers of the Company until financial conditions improve.

2. STOCK COMPENSATION

On January 1, 2006 the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” requiring the Company to recognize expense related to the fair value of its employee stock option awards. The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based awards on a graded vesting basis over the vesting period of the award. Total stock compensation expense under SFAS 123 (R) recognized by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $3,700 and $27,900, respectively.

F-7

The Company has estimated the fair value of its option awards granted after January 1, 2006 using a modified Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.



Modified Black-Scholes-Based Option Valuation Assumptions		2008		2007
Fair value of options granted during the period	$	-	$	-
Expected term (in years)		-		-
Expected volatility		-		-
Weighted average volatility		-		-
Expected dividend yield		-		-
Risk-free rate		-		-

The following table summarizes the stock option transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2008:



Stock Options	Shares	Weighted Average Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2008	1,116,000	$0.29	$6,200
Granted	-	-	-
Exercised	-	-	-
Expired	30,000	$0.15	-

Outstanding at September 30, 2008	1,086,000	$0.29	$6,200
	============		============
Exercisable at September 30, 2008	1,026,000	$0.30	$6,200

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was zero and zero, respectively.

3. FIXED ASSETS

A summary of fixed assets is as follows:



		September 30,		December 31,
		2008		2007

Equipment	$	130,900	$	130,900
Less: accumulated depreciation		45,500		27,600
Fixed assets, net	$	85,400	$	103,300
		========		========

Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $17,900 and $12,900, respectively.

4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In January 2008, the Company entered into an investment agreement with an officer. The officer agreed to invest $100,000 in the Company in exchange for a return on investment formula. The original investment is to be returned upon the Company receiving distribution from its proposed ownership of a waste to energy project now being formalized. An additional aggregate of three times the original investment is to be paid by the Company from future distributions to Company from operations. The Company will reserve 20% of distributions received by the Company from the waste to energy project for this purpose.

F-8

In February, 2008 the Company entered into an agreement to restructure the loan agreement signed in March, 2007 with a Director of the Company to transfer $300,000 of the original principal loan amount of $500,000 to a return formula from the Corcoran project and maintain $200,000 under the original terms of the loan agreement. The Director agreed to accept 2.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock as payment of interest owed to Director through March, 2008 valued at approximately $27,000. In April, 2008, the Company entered into an addendum to the loan re-structuring agreement signed in February of 2008 that increases the shares to be issued under the addendum from 2,100,000 to 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to offset interest beyond March, 2008 until the value of the shares applied to the interest is consumed. The value of the 400,000 additional shares is $4,000. The 2.5 million shares were issued on April 25, 2008.

Stockholder payables consist of the following:



		September 30,		December 31,
		2008		2007

Wages payable to stockholder employees	$	485,700	$	344,400

Accrued interest on notes payable		1,500		19,500

Employee advances		(4,900)		(6,900)

Promissory note payable to stockholder and director of the Company, unsecured, bearing interest at 9.25% per annum, due March 21, 2009 Advance to LLC by officer		500,000 100,000		500,000 180,000
Total	$	1,082,300	$	1,037,000
		===========		===========

5. NOTES PAYABLE

In November 2006, the Company entered into a loan transaction with Dutchess Private Equities, LP (“Dutchess”), and issued to Dutchess a Promissory Note (“First Dutchess Note”) with a face value of $1,200,000, with net proceeds to the Company from the transaction of $1,000,000 and an imputed annual rate of interest of 43.278%. The First Dutchess Note matured on August 31, 2007. Repayment of the face value will be made monthly in the amount of $120,000, plus 50% of any proceeds raised over $120,000 per month from Puts, issued by the Company as collateral. Thirty such Puts were issued and are to be used only in the case of a default under the terms of the loan agreement. If the First Dutchess Note’s face value is not paid off by maturity, the Company will be required to pay an additional 10% on the face value of the First Dutchess Note, plus 2.5% per month, compounded daily, until the First Dutchess Note is paid off. The Company may be required to pay penalties if certain obligations under the First Dutchess Note are not met. If the Company raises financing of more than $2,000,000, Dutchess may require that the Company use the balance of any amount over $2,000,000 to pay any amounts due on the First Dutchess Note. The Company issued 500,000 Holder Shares (restricted Common Stock to Dutchess as an incentive) on November 3, 2006, which will carry piggyback registration rights in the next registration statement. An additional 500,000 shares will be required each time an eligible registration statement is filed and the shares are not included. The $200,000 loan discount is being accreted: $40,000 of this discount was accreted during the year ended December 31, 2006 and $160,000 was accreted during the year ended December 31, 2007. The balance payable as of September 30, 2008 was $236,400.

F-9

In May 2007, the Company entered into a loan transaction with Dutchess and issued to Dutchess a Promissory Note (“Second Dutchess Note”) with a face value of $462,000, with net proceeds to the Company from the transaction of $350,000 and an imputed annual rate of interest of 63.108%. The Second Dutchess Note matures on April 15, 2008. Repayment of the face value will be made monthly in an amount of the greater of 1) 100% of the proceeds raised from Puts given to Dutchess by the Company, exceeding $120,000 per month (“Threshold Amount”) or 2) $51,333 per month. The lender received a loan fee of $25,000, payable in restricted stock and which has been fully amortized. The $77,000 loan discount is being accreted; $52,500 of this discount was accreted during the year ended December 31, 2007 and $24,500 was accreted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The balance payable as of September 30, 2008 was $87,900.

The Company is currently in default on the First Dutchess Note and Second Dutchess Note due to the non-payment or insufficient payment of the agreed monthly principal amounts due under the notes. The Company is currently negotiating a payment plan that is acceptable to Dutchess. Although the Company is in default on the two notes, Dutchess has not exercised its right to increase the face amount of the loans or the interest rates, however Dutchess did exercise its right to convert 741,000 shares under the First Dutchess Note. The shares were converted on January 9, 2008 at a value of $5,200, including interest of $1,600.

In November 2007, the Company entered into a finance agreement for payment of its D&O insurance. The total amount financed was $46,400 at an annual percentage rate of 9.41%. The agreement calls for monthly payments of approximately $5,400 per month through July 2008. The agreement was paid in full in July 2008.

6. COMMON STOCK

In February 2008, the Company issued 600,000 shares of restricted common stock and 100,000 shares of free trading common stock valued at $14,000 for services related to public relations.

In March 2008, the Company issued 1,400,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $14,000 for services related to public relations.

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe, valued at $10,000, for services related to public relations.

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company issued 783,300 shares of restricted common stock and 850,000 shares of Reg S common stock for $3,000 in cash, net of offering costs totaling $45,600.

In April 2008, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of restricted common stock, valued at $31,000, in satisfaction of accrued interest payable.

In May 2008, the Company issued 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $39,000 per the Company’s joint venture agreement for the renewable energy segment of its business.

In May 2008, the Company issued 250,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $3,300 for professional services.

In May 2008, the Company issued 264,300 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $3,400.

In June 2008, the Company issued 12,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $120,000 for professional services.

In the second quarter of 2008, the Company issued 13,949,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe for $231,000 in cash, net of offering costs totaling $253,000.

In July 2008, the Company issued 555,600 shares of restricted common stock for $5,000 in cash.

F-10

In July 2008, the Company issued 180,000 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $1,800.

In August 2008, the Company issued 30,000 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $300.

In September 2008, the Company issued 37,500 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $400

In September 2008, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $5,000 for legal services.

In the third quarter of 2008, the Company issued 4,067,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe for ($12,200) in cash, net of offering costs totaling $83,200

In August 2008, the Company commenced the process to reverse split its common stock on a one for eighty basis. The record date is set for September 1, 2008 and the annual meeting is set for November 14, 2008.

7. INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS

In June 2004, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the "Investment Agreement") with Dutchess effective June 28, 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, the Company may offer, through a series of puts, and Dutchess must purchase, up to 38,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock with an aggregate purchase price up to $5,000,000. The purchase price of the shares is equal to 95% of the lowest closing "best bid" price (the highest posted bid price) during the five trading days immediately following the date of put. The value that the Company will be permitted to put pursuant to the Investment Agreement will be either: (A) 200% of the average daily volume in the US market of the common stock for the ten trading days prior to the notice of put multiplied by the average of the three daily closing bid prices immediately preceding the date of the put, or (B) $10,000. No single put can exceed $1,000,000. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, Dutchess acquired a total of 434,615 shares of the Company's common stock for approximately $297,500 during the year ended December 31, 2005, 3,880,000 shares for approximately $643,700 during the year ended December 31, 2006 and an aggregate of 10,449,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for approximately $647,600 during the year ended December 31, 2007.

Because the registration of the 38,000,000 shares reserved for the Dutchess agreement was to expire in September, 2007, the Company registered 20,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in July, 2007 to allow continuation of the agreement with Dutchess. Dutchess acquired a total of 19,662,900 shares of the Company's common stock for approximately $321,100 during the year ended December 2007, and 337,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for approximately $2,000 during January 2008.

Because the 20,000,000 shares reserved for the Dutchess agreement was sold, the Company registered an additional 16,917,500 shares of the Company’s common stock in February, 2008 to allow continuation of the agreement with Dutchess. Dutchess acquired a total of 557,200 shares for approximately $6,900 during February 2008, 440,000 shares for approximately $5,400 during March 2008, 1,276,000 shares for approximately $13,400 during April 2008, 2,225,700 shares for approximately $23,600 during May 2008, 1,046,100 shares for approximately $9,900 during June 2008, 3,651,500 shares for approximately $27,300 during July 2008, 3,558,100 shares for approximately $22,100 during August 2008 and 2,664,100 shares for approximately $14,800 during September 2008.

In June 2007, the Company entered into a representation and finder’s agreement to raise investment capital from potential Korean investment sources, including institutions and individual investors. The finder’s fee is set at 5% of capital raised and up to $10 million of capital raised. In addition, a warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company was granted such that for each $100,000 raised, 10,000 shares shall vest up to the maximum amount of 1,000,000 shares if the full $10 million of capital is raised.

F-11

In June 2007, the Company entered into a consulting and finder’s agreement to coordinate and support potential Korean investment opportunities. The Company will pay a cash fee of 5% of the capital raised up to $10 million.

In September 2007, the Company entered into a finder’s fee agreement with a U.S. based firm to raise investment capital from U.S. and European investment sources. The finder’s fee is based on a sliding scale of funds raised starting at 10% and dropping to 1% after $5 million of capital is raised.

In January 2008 the Company entered into a Trustee agreement with an individual to serve as the Trustee for accounts held in Europe by the Company. A 3% fee of shares transferred into the account is payable by the Company for such services.

8. ETHANOL AGREEMENTS

In September 2006, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, HBS BioEnergy (“HBS Bio), entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with EXL III Group Corporation (“EXL”). EXL agreed to sell certain assets, including options to purchase certain property in Lumberton County, North Carolina, to HBS Bio. In consideration for the options, HBS Bio will issue fifty thousand (50,000) shares of the Company’s common stock to EXL, which were placed in escrow in October 2006, and reimburse EXL $40,000 for expenses incurred with respect to the options and related proposed ethanol projects.

The Company and HBS Bio also entered into a Consulting Services Agreement with EXL. That agreement provides that EXL will supervise, manage, and coordinate the development, construction, and operation of up to three ethanol facilities. The term of the agreement is two years from the effective date, with an option to extend the term for two additional years by mutual written agreement.

In January 2008 the Company and its subsidiary entered into a mutual termination agreement with Claude Luster and EXL to terminate all agreements signed between the parties in September 2006. Ethanol project expenditures and operations were suspended in July 2007 due to changes in the ethanol market and strategic decisions made by Company management. The final termination agreement required the return of 3.5 million shares of common stock held in escrow for Mr. Luster and EXL back to the Company, payment of remaining consulting fees of approximately $16,000 to EXL and provisions for the partial repayment of expenditures to the Company and HBS Bio if Mr. Luster or EXL pursues a particular project in the Northwest for ethanol production.

In April, 2008, the Company and its subsidiary signed an agreement to transfer its interest in a land purchase agreement, including deposits in escrow, in exchange for 6,000,000 shares of Environmental BioMass Energy (“EBE”) common stock, representing approximately 49% ownership of EBE. The Company also issued 3,000,000 shares of its stock valued at $39,000 to management of EBE as a management performance incentive. The investment in EBE will be accounted for using the equity method.

As of September 30, 2008, the investment in EBE is $0.

9. CONSULTING AGREEMENTS

In January 2008 the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a European entity to assist the Company in locating sales groups that will identify potential European investors to Reg S offering made by the Company. Compensation for services included a stock grant of 1,000,000 Reg S shares valued at $10,000, and 30% of funds received from Reg S investors.

In February, 2008 the Company entered into the extension of a consulting agreement with a consultant to extend an Agreement dated January 3, 2003 to assist the Company in its fund raising efforts in Europe, and in consideration for such extension, the Company issued to the consultant an aggregate of 100,000 free trading shares of common stock valued at $2,000 and 600,000 restricted shares of common shares valued at $12,000.

F-12

In March, 2008 the Company entered into a consulting services agreement with an investment relations firm to provide services to increase investor awareness for the Company for which the Company agreed to pay $10,000 and issue 1,400,000 in restricted stock valued at $14,000.

In June, 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with an investor relations firm to provide public relations services including serving as an investment banking liaison, obtaining write ups about the company and acting as an institutional public relations consultant for a six month period in consideration for 12,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $120,000.

In June, 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with a management consulting firm to provide management consulting services in an effort to obtain capital from third parties for working capital in consideration of a success fee of 7% in cash of the amount of capital raised as a result of the efforts of the consulting firm.

10. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company previously operated in two reportable segments, as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 131, the development of technology for preservation of certain biologic material and the development of a renewable energy market.

The renewable energy market, formally addressed through its wholly owned subsidiary, HBS BioEnergy is now addressed through HBS’s 49% ownership of common stock of Environmental BioMass Energy, Inc., which is in the business of converting bio-waste to electrical energy. The decision to suspend the ethanol business activity was due to the increasing raw materials cost, making it difficult to obtain financing for the construction and operation of ethanol facilities.

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In November 2008, the Company received a loan in the amount of $10,000 from an officer of the Company.

In November 2008, the Company filed an S-1 with the SEC pursuant to our agreement with Dutchess.

F-13

ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes” or similar language. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors. All forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report are based on information available to us on the date hereof and speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The factors discussed elsewhere in this quarterly report are among those factors that in some cases have affected our results and could cause the actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report.

Overview

We are a developmental stage company, and have a very limited operating history and no revenue to date. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies in an early stage of development involving new technologies, new lines of business and regulatory approval process requirements before any revenue is possible.

We have experienced operating losses since our inception. These losses have resulted from the significant costs incurred in the development of our technology, the establishment of our research and development facility and the launch of our alternative energy business. Expenditures will increase in all areas in order to execute our business plan, particularly in research and development, gaining regulatory approval to market our products in the U.S. and abroad, and establishing our alternative energy business.

From time to time since 2003, we have experienced increased difficulty in raising outside capital. We have pursued various alternatives for raising capital over the prior three fiscal years (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for detailed descriptions of our capital-raising transactions). To date, we continue to seek alternative sources for capital.

Platelet and Organ Preservation Business

We are a developer of preservation platforms for organs and other biomaterials, specializing in the development of proprietary above zero (HBS-AZ) and below zero (HBS-BZ) organ and tissue preservation systems and methods for preserving blood platelets. We have been successful in preserving blood platelets for ten days under refrigeration while maintaining cell structure and morphology, which has never been done before to our knowledge.

We have completed in-vitro tests using our proprietary systems at two independent laboratories that specialize in platelet testing with results that we believe justify proceeding to human infusion (in-vivo) tests. However, after discussions with the FDA, we elected to first pursue animal and human studies in Mexico. We have located facilities in Mexico where we intend to pursue these studies; however, due to a lack of funding we suspended these efforts in July 2007.

We began research on kidney preservation in 2002 and have developed what we believe is a solution that will operate under refrigerated temperature storage conditions for over 30 hours, allowing organ preservation beyond current capabilities. We successfully transplanted a rat kidney that had been frozen at a temperature of negative 80 degrees Centigrade for three months in our patent-pending HBS sub-zero solution. In October 2005, we successfully completed the initial phase of our survival studies of animals with transplanted kidneys preserved using our HBS organ preservation solution, and were able to preserve a rat's kidney at negative 196 degrees Centigrade for up to five days while maintaining some functionality when transplanted back into the animal, evidenced by urine production. We previously preserved rats' kidneys at negative 20 and negative 80 degrees Centigrade. We will continue to conduct further tests on a larger animal sample size, and conduct histology and survival studies as well. Our goal is to extend the kidney shelf life for up to 72 to 96 hours at above freezing temperatures and even longer at sub-zero temperatures. We believe that the extended shelf life should enable better matching of donor kidneys to recipients.

In the third quarter of 2005, we also purchased a special freezer and equipment used to conduct experiments at negative 80 degrees Centigrade. Recent survival studies on animals with kidneys stored in the HBS-AZ solution for 14 days showed an 83% survival rate versus 42% and 10% for the respective UW and HTK (European) solutions. Further recent studies using biochemical test markers have corroborated these studies. In 2008, we intend to seek opportunities to license our organ preservation technology for storage at temperatures above zero degrees Centigrade.

In July 2002, we received our first patent on our technology and methodology for preserving blood platelets. We filed a provisional patent application in June 2001 to cover our improved platelet preservation methods. In August 2003, we filed another patent application covering improved platelet preservation methods. In May 2006, the U.S. Patent Office approved our patent for organ preservation entitled “Methods and Solutions for Storing Donor Organs”, U.S. Patent No. 7,029,839. We will seek strategic alliances with companies that have the capability to provide technical and clinical expertise as well as financial and marketing expertise to leverage our current expertise in these areas.

In January, 2008, we released one of our organ preservation research consultants due to lack of funds. We also temporarily reduced all management salaries by 50% in an effort to conserve cash.

In July 2008, the Company reduced payroll expenses by inactivating pay of our Chief Medical Officer until financial conditions improve.

Alternative Energy Business

In late 2006, we also entered the alternative energy market through our wholly-owned subsidiary, HBS Bio. At that time, we intended that HBS Bio would identify, secure and develop suitable sites for the production of ethanol and biodiesel fuel for the U.S. market using innovative methods to improve the efficiency and cost of producing biofuels. However, we recently made the decision to refocus our efforts in the renewable energy market by concentrating on the waste to energy segment of that market using animal and other waste products to produce electrical energy to be sold to utilities. The new focus in the Company’s renewable fuels segment of the business is being addressed through a partnership with Environmental BioMass Energy Inc. (EBE) which is in the business of converting biowaste to electrical energy. Under this partnership, HBS received approximately 49% of EBE common stock in exchange for releasing its interest in a property purchase agreement. All operations and management functions of EBE are performed by EBE employees.

During April 2007, HBS Bio entered into a lease for approximately 90 acres of property in Morrow County, Oregon for a period of 20 years, with the option to renew the lease for 10 consecutive terms of five years each. HBS Bio paid $15,000 upon execution of the lease for a three month review period. HBS Bio extended the review period for an additional three months by payment of an additional $15,000. This lease expired on October 3, 2007, as a result of the decision by HBS Bio to refocus its efforts in the renewable energy market.

In addition, during April 2007, HBS Corcoran, a joint venture in which HBS Bio owns an interest, entered into an agreement for the purchase of approximately 922 acres of property in Tulare County, California for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $12 million. HBS Corcoran is required to make deposits of up to $690,000 in escrow within 18 months from April 17, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2007, HBS Bio deposited an aggregate of $389,700 into escrow. The deposits are nonrefundable except under certain conditions, are to be applied to the purchase price, and will constitute liquidated damages in the event of HBS Corcoran’s default under the purchase agreement. HBS Corcoran will have 18 months to review the suitability of the property for its planned uses. The balance of the purchase price must be deposited in escrow within 30 days after completion of the feasibility review or the end of the feasibility period, whichever occurs first.

As of September 30, 2008, the investment in EBE is $0.

Results of Operations

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008 COMPARED WITH THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2007

Revenues. We did not generate any revenue in either of the three-month periods ended September 30, 2008 or 2007, and we have not generated revenues since our inception in February 1998, as our focus to date has been on the research and development of products. We are a development stage company in the eleventh year of research and development activities, and do not anticipate receiving revenue until we complete product development and clinical testing.

General and Administrative Expenses. Total general and administrative expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2008 were $185,000, a decrease from $280,900 for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease was comprised in part by a substantial decrease in salary expenses to $40,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $83,500 for the three months ended September 30, 2007, a decrease in legal expenses to $37,100 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $61,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2007, ,and an increase of $2,900 in public relations expenses to $6,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $3,100 for the three months ended September 30, 2007.

We experienced a decrease in stock-based compensation in the three months ended September 30, 2008 to $700, from $6,900 for the three months ended September 30, 2007. From time to time, our staff has worked for under market rate compensation or has had to accrue pay for extended periods of time when financing was not available. We have granted stock options to certain employees in partial consideration for salary reductions, and certain employees have elected to receive stock in lieu of compensation.

Our decrease in total general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2008 was also due to a decrease in other general and administrative expenses to $178,300 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $271,000 for the comparable period in 2007. This decrease was due to a reduction in salaries and to a decline in legal and professional fees and other expenses; we incurred higher fees and expenses in 2007 related to the filing of a registration statement in addition to our ongoing public company reporting requirements.

Research and Development. Our research and development expenses were $49,900 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, a decrease from $70,700 for the comparable period in 2007. The decrease was due to reduced payroll and the closing of our facility in Russia.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. We had no sales and marketing expenses for either of the three months ended September 30, 2008 or 2007. We eliminated payroll in sales and marketing in order to give priority to the completion of our scientific objectives – to complete human infusion studies for platelets and move closer to human testing utilizing our organ preservation technology – as well as to devote resources to the establishment of our alternative energy and ethanol business.

Ethanol Development. We show a $1,200 credit for the development of our ethanol business in the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $131,200 expended for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease was due to the agreement with EBE to pay previously accrued development costs. As we have refocused our alternative energy activities, we do not anticipate additional expenditures for ethanol development in fiscal 2008; however, we do anticipate some expenditures for the growth of our biowaste to energy business.

Other Income and Expense. We incurred interest expense of $11,900 during the three months ended September 30, 2008. We incurred interest expense of $126,100 during the three months ended September 30, 2007. We had no interest income for either of the three months ended September 30, 2008 or 2007. We incurred a loss on investment of $176,700, due to the ongoing development costs of Environmental BioWaste Energy.

Net Loss. As a result of the foregoing factors, our net loss was $422,300, or 0.00 per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2008, and $609,700, or $0.01 per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2007.

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008 COMPARED WITH NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2007

Revenues. We did not generate any revenue in either of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2008 or 2007, and we have not generated revenues since our inception in February 1998, as our focus to date has been on the research and development of products. We are a development stage company in the eleventh year of research and development activities, and do not anticipate receiving revenue until we complete product development and clinical testing.

General and Administrative Expenses. Total general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 were $777,600, a decrease from $1,344,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease was comprised in part by a decrease in salary expenses to $83,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $141,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and a substantial decrease in public relations expenses to $44,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from $408,600 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Our public relations expenses in 2007 stem from the renewal in April 2007 of our public relations agreement with Abernathy Mendelson & Associates (“Abernathy”) pursuant to which we provided shares of restricted and free trading common stock as payment for advertising and promotional services (see below for additional information). During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we significantly reduced the amount of common stock that we issued for public relations purposes, due to the unavailability of free trading common stock for this purpose.

We experienced a decrease in stock-based compensation in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 to $3,700, from $27,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. From time to time, our staff has worked for under market rate compensation or has had to accrue pay for extended periods of time when financing was not available. We have granted stock options to certain employees in partial consideration for salary reductions, and certain employees have elected to receive stock in lieu of compensation.

Our decrease in total general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was also due to a decrease in other general and administrative expenses to $685,200 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from $908,000 for the comparable period in 2007. This decrease was due to a reduction in salaries and to a decline in legal and professional fees and other expenses; we incurred higher fees and expenses in 2007 related to the filing of a registration statement in addition to our ongoing public company reporting requirements.

Research and Development. Our research and development expenses were $125,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, a decrease from $211,900 for the comparable period in 2007. The decrease was due to the reduced payroll and consultant expenses, the reduced laboratory setup costs incurred in the same period of 2007 and the closure of our facility in Russia.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. We had no sales and marketing expenses for either of the nine months ended September 30, 2008 or 2007. We eliminated payroll in sales and marketing in order to give priority to the completion of our scientific objectives – to complete human infusion studies for platelets and move closer to human testing utilizing our organ preservation technology – as well as to devote resources to the establishment of our alternative energy and ethanol business.

Ethanol Development. We expended $15,700 for the development of our ethanol business in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $902,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. As we have refocused our alternative energy activities, we do not anticipate additional expenditures for ethanol development in fiscal 2008; however, we do anticipate some expenditures for the growth of our biowaste to energy business.

Other Income and Expense. We incurred interest expense of $88,100 during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, due primarily to increased interest on the loan from Dutchess. We incurred interest expense of $379,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We had no interest income in the nine month period ended September 30, 2008 compared to $5,100 in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We incurred a loss on investment of $176,700, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, due to the ongoing development costs of Environmental BioWaste Energy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recognized a loss on investment in marketable securities of $7,600.

Net Loss. As a result of the foregoing factors, our loss before income taxes decreased to $1,183.100 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, from a loss before income taxes of $2,840,700 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. After a provision for income taxes of $800 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and $800 for the comparable period in 2007, our net loss was $1,183,900, or 0.01 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, and $2,841,500, or $0.03 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our operating plan for 2008 is focused on development of our products. It is our estimate that a cash requirement of $4 million is required to support this plan for the next twelve months. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we received an aggregate of $352,100 from the issuance of common stock, including $125,500 from our agreement with Dutchess, compared to $1,256,900 received in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We are actively seeking additional funding. Once we receive the required additional financing, we anticipate continued growth in our operations and a corresponding growth in our operating expenses and capital expenditures. We do not anticipate any revenue from operations for the next two or three years. Therefore, our success will be dependent on funding from private placements of equity securities. Although we have entered into certain agreements with Dutchess, Ascendiant Securities, LLC and other financing sources (see below), there can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising significant capital pursuant to any of these agreements. At the present time, we have no other agreements or arrangements for any private placements.

We are in the eleventh year of research and development, with an accumulated loss during the development stage of $27,753,600. As of September 30, 2008, we are uncertain as to the completion date of our research and development, or if products will ever be completed as a result of this research and development activity. We anticipate that the funds spent on research and development activities will need to increase prior to completion of a product. Additionally, we may not be able to secure funding in the future necessary to complete our intended research and development or other activities.

These conditions give rise to substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of reported asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our continuation as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing from the sale of our common stock, as may be required, and ultimately to attain profitability. The report of our independent registered public accounting firm, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007, contains a paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we continued to spend cash to fund our operations. Cash used by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was $368,700, and consisted principally of our net loss of $1,183,900, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities of $92,400, an increase in accounts payable of $216,400, $44,000 in public relations expenses paid or to be paid in common stock, $176,700 loss on joint venture with EBE, $1,600 in interest expense paid in common stock, $156,300 in interest and wages due to stockholders, $3,700 provided by stock-based compensation, a change in prepaid expenses of $44,100, amortization of discount and loan fees on notes payable of $62,200 and $17,900 in depreciation.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, cash used by operating activities was $1,603,400, and consisted principally of our net loss of $2,841,500, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities of $123,700, an increase in accounts payable of $447,000, $268,800 in public relations expenses paid or to be paid in common stock, $27,900 provided by stock-based compensation, a change in prepaid expenses of $38,000, amortization of discount and loan fees on notes payable of $347,200, a loss on investment in marketable securities of $7,600, $12,900 in depreciation and a decrease in other assets of $35,000.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, cash used for investing activities was $189,400 and included $82,800 utilized for purchasing fixed assets, consisting of equipment, furnishings and fixtures for our new research facilities in Michigan, $239,700 utilized to purchase land in California and $133,100 provided by the sale of an investment.

Cash flow from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 produced a net increase in cash of $360,500, consisting of $352,100 from the issuance of common stock and an increase of $100,000 on amounts due to shareholders, offset by $55,500 in principal payments on notes payable and $36,100 in principal payments on a note payable for directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

Cash flow from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 produced a net increase in cash of $1,183,100, consisting of $1,256,900 from the issuance of common stock, $385,000 proceeds from borrowing on notes payable, offset by $1,025,300 in principal payments on notes payable, $35,800 in principal payments on a note payable for directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, and an increase of $602,300 on amounts due to shareholders.

As of September 30, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents amounting to $500, a decrease from the balance of $3,900 at September 30, 2007. Our working capital deficit increased to $2,546,200 at September 30, 2008, from $1,556,300, at September 30, 2007. As of September 30, 2008, we had no commitments to purchase capital equipment.

Financing Activities

From 2004 through 2007, we pursued various alternatives for raising capital. We entered into the Investment Agreement with Dutchess effective June 28, 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement, we may offer, through a series of puts, and Dutchess must purchase from time to time, up to a maximum of 38,000,000 shares of our common stock, provided that Dutchess shall not be required to purchase shares of our stock with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $5,000,000. The purchase price of shares purchased under the Investment Agreement shall be equal to 95% of the lowest closing "best bid" price (the highest posted bid price) of the common stock during the five consecutive trading days immediately following the date of our notice to Dutchess of our election to put shares pursuant to the Investment Agreement. The dollar value that we will be permitted to put pursuant to the Investment Agreement will be either: (A) 200% of the average daily volume in the US market of the common stock for the ten trading days prior to the notice of our put, multiplied by the average of the three daily closing bid prices immediately preceding the date of the put, or (B) $10,000. No single put can exceed $1,000,000. We filed a registration statement on Form SB-2 in July 2004 to register for resale an aggregate of 38,000,000 shares of common stock issuable under the Investment Agreement; this registration statement was declared effective on August 23, 2004.

Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, Dutchess acquired a total of 434,615 shares of our common stock for approximately $297,500 during the year ended December 31, 2005, 3,880,000 shares for approximately $643,700 during the year ended December 31, 2006 and an aggregate of 10,449,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for approximately $647,600 during the nine months ended September 30, 2007.

Because the 20,000,000 shares reserved for the Dutchess agreement was sold, the Company registered an additional 16,917,500 shares of the Company’s common stock in February, 2008 to allow continuation of the agreement with Dutchess. Dutchess acquired a total of 557,200 shares for approximately $6,900 during February 2008, 440,000 shares for approximately $5,400 during March 2008, 1,276,000 shares for approximately $13,400 during April 2008, 2,225,700 shares for approximately $23,600 during May 2008 and 1,046,100 shares for approximately $9,900 during June 2008, 3,651,500 shares for approximately $27,300 during July 2008, 3,558,100 shares for approximately $22,100 during August 2008 and 2,664,100 shares for approximately $14,800 during September 2008.

In July 2004, we entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement, whereby we issued 7,000,000 shares of our restricted common stock for 512,665 shares in Langley, a London-based institutional investment trust formed in February 2004 to invest in a diverse portfolio of U.S. small-cap companies. Fifty percent of the free-trading Langley ordinary shares were held in escrow for two years as a downside price protection against our shares issued to Langley. In the event of a decline in the market price of our common stock at the end of two years, we would be required to sell to Langley the amount of our Langley shares equal to (i) the original number of Langley shares issued as consideration under the Stock Purchase Agreement multiplied by (ii) the percentage decrease in the market price of our common stock.

The Purchase Agreement became effective during October 2004 when Langley was approved for trading by the UK Listing Authority and Langley shares began trading. The holding period expired in October 2006 and Langley transferred the shares from escrow. A finder’s fee of 25,600 shares, valued at approximately $6,600, was paid for this transfer. As of December 31, 2006, we had a balance of 487,000 Langley shares, which were sold on January 30, 2007 for $140,700, for a net loss on investment of $7,600.

In October 2005, we entered into an agreement with Ascendiant Securities, LLC ("Ascendiant") providing that Ascendiant would act on a best-efforts basis as our financial advisor and non-exclusive placement agent in connection with the structuring, issuance and sale of our debt and equity securities for financing purposes. The agreement, which has a term of six months, requires us to pay Ascendiant a cash success fee and warrants for completed transactions that we approve. The success fee is equal to ten percent of the gross proceeds from the sale of our securities; in addition, for transactions generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000 or more, we must issue Ascendiant 175,000 shares of our restricted common stock. To date, no transactions have been presented to us by Ascendiant.

In March 2006, we entered into a loan agreement with an independent lender. The lender agreed to loan us an amount based on 50% of the value of a portfolio of 500,000 shares of our common stock (approximately $75,000). These shares are held as collateral only. The lender will receive a loan fee equal to five percent of the gross loan proceeds (approximately $3,700). We received net funds of $71,250 from this loan, which was based on a formula and pricing period following the agreement date. The agreement calls for interest at the annual rate of 4.99% of the loan amount, payable quarterly, for a period of three years. At maturity, we have the option to pay off the loan balance and receive the same number of shares pledged, sell the pledged shares under certain conditions, renew the loan under certain conditions, or forfeit the shares and not repay the loan. In January of 2007 an additional 166,666 shares of stock were issued for collateral. In December of 2007 we decided to forfeit all 666,666 shares as collateral and the loan was considered paid.

In November 2006, we entered into a loan transaction with Dutchess, and issued to Dutchess a promissory note (“First Dutchess Note”) with a face value of $1,200,000, with net proceeds to us from the transaction of $1,000,000 and an imputed annual rate of interest of 43.278%. The First Dutchess Note matured on August 31, 2007. Repayment of the face value will be made monthly in the amount of $120,000, plus 50% of any proceeds raised over $120,000 per month from puts issued by us as collateral under the Investment Agreement (discussed above). Thirty such puts were issued and are to be used only in the case of a default under the Investment Agreement. If the First Dutchess Note’s face value is not paid off by maturity, we will be required to pay an additional 10% on the face value of the First Dutchess Note, plus 2.5% per month, compounded daily, until the First Dutchess Note is paid off. We may be required to pay penalties if certain obligations under the First Dutchess Note are not met. If we raise financing of more than $2,000,000, Dutchess may require that we use the balance of any amount over $2,000,000 to pay any amounts due on the First Dutchess Note. We issued 500,000 Holder Shares (restricted Common Stock to Dutchess as an incentive) on November 3, 2006, which will carry piggyback registration rights in our next registration statement. An additional 500,000 shares will be required each time an eligible registration statement is filed and the shares are not included. The balance payable on the First Dutchess Note as of September 30, 2008 was $236,400.

In March 2007, we entered into a loan agreement with Dr. Larry McCleary, a member of our Board of Directors. Dr. McCleary agreed to loan us the sum of $500,000 for a term of two years from March 21, 2007, with a closing cost of $1,717.95 to be added into the first month’s interest payment. The loan bears interest at the rate of 9.25% per annum and provides for interest-only monthly payments with a balloon payment at the end of the term for the principal amount. We issued 100,000 shares of restricted common stock and 900,000 warrants valued at $30,000 to the Dr. McCleary for loan fees.

During April 2007, HBS Bio entered into an agreement for consulting services relating to raising capital for HBS Bio. Under the agreement HBS Bio will pay the consultant a consulting/finder’s fee of 4% of the units of the venture funded as a result of the consultant’s efforts and $500,000 with regard to the first $20 million or pro-rata amount thereof invested or loaned by a party introduced by the consultant and the lesser of 2.5% or $100,000 with regard to each subsequent $10 million invested or loaned by a party introduced by the consultant.

In April 2007, we also entered into a new agreement with Abernathy for providing investor relations and awareness services. Under this agreement, we will make cash payments to Abernathy equal to 35% of the buy volume of our common stock attributable to the agreement. Abernathy will promote us to the investment community and the general public through press releases and other communications, all of which we must approve in advance. We have paid $167,100 pursuant to this agreement through September 30, 2008. This agreement has expired.

In May 2007, we entered into a second loan transaction with Dutchess and issued to Dutchess a second promissory note (“Second Dutchess Note”) with a face value of $462,000, with net proceeds to us from the transaction of $350,000 and an imputed annual rate of interest of 63.108%. The Second Dutchess Note matures on April 15, 2008. Repayment of the face value will be made monthly in an amount of the greater of (i) 100% of the proceeds raised from puts given to Dutchess by us, exceeding $120,000 per month, or (ii) $51,333.

If we raise financing of more than $2,000,000, Dutchess may require that we use the balance of any amount over $2,000,000 to pay any amounts due on the Second Dutchess Note. If the Second Dutchess Note is not paid in full by the maturity date, the face value of the Second Dutchess Note will be increased by 10% as an initial penalty, and we will pay an additional 2.5% per month on the face value, compounded daily, until paid in full. In addition to the failure to pay the face value by the maturity date, the following events are also “Events of Default”: failure to make a payment within 10 calendar days of its due date; bankruptcy; our common stock is suspended or no longer listed on a recognized exchange; the registration statement for the underlying shares in the equity line is not effective and not cured within five days; we fail to carry out puts in a timely manner; any of our representations contained in the Agreement were false when made; or we breach the Second Dutchess Note.

Upon each and every Event of Default, Dutchess may elect to execute the puts in an amount that will repay it and fully enforce its rights under the Agreement. Dutchess may also increase the face value of the Second Dutchess Note by 10% and an additional 2.5% per month, compounded daily until the default is cured or the Second Dutchess Note is paid in full. Dutchess may also elect to stop any further funding (excluding the equity line of credit), or may switch any residual amount of the face value of the Second Dutchess Note not paid at maturity into a three-year convertible debenture. If Dutchess so chooses, we have 10 days to file a registration statement for the shares issuable upon conversion of the convertible debenture equal to 300% of the residual amount, plus interest and liquidated damages. If we do not file the registration statement within 10 days, or the registration statement is not declared effective within 60 days, the residual amount will be increased by $5,000 per day. Moreover, if we have an opportunity to accelerate the effectiveness of the registration statement but fail to do so, the residual amount will increase by $5,000 per day commencing the date the statement would have been declared effective. The conversion rate will be the lesser of 50% of the lowest closing bid price for the previous 15 days or 100% of the lowest bid price for the preceding 20 days. If Dutchess does not elect to convert the debenture into common stock prior to maturity, it will automatically be converted into shares upon maturity. Finally, Dutchess may increase the monthly payment amount to fulfill the repayment of the residual amount. If we do not cooperate, Dutchess may elect to increase the face value of the Note by 2.5% per day, compounded daily.

We have further agreed that we will not enter into any additional financing agreements without Dutchess’ express written consent. We may not file any registration statement which includes any of our common stock exceeding one million shares, including those on Form S-8 exceeding 800,000 shares, until the Second Dutchess Note is paid in full or Dutchess gives written consent. Dutchess agrees to allow one registration statement on Form SB-2 (now Form S-1) not to exceed 25,000,000 shares as a shelf registration. If we issue any shares to a third party while the Second Dutchess Note is outstanding under terms Dutchess deems more favorable to the third party, Dutchess may elect to modify the terms to conform to the more favorable term or terms of the third party financing. We have issued 250,000 shares of unregistered restricted common stock to Dutchess as an incentive for entering into the Second Dutchess Note. The balance payable on the Second Dutchess Note as of September 30, 2008 was $87,900.

We are currently in default on the First Dutchess Note and Second Dutchess Note due to the non-payment or insufficient payment of the agreed monthly principal amounts due under the notes. We are currently negotiating a payment plan that is acceptable to Dutchess. Although we are in default on the two notes, Dutchess has not exercised its right to increase the face amount of the loans or the interest rates; however, Dutchess did exercise its right to convert 740,966 shares under the First Dutchess Note.

In June 2007, we entered into a representation and finder’s agreement to raise investment capital from potential Korean investment sources, including institutions and individual investors. The finder’s fee is set at 5% of capital raised and up to $10 million of capital raised. In addition, a warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of our common stock was granted, provided that for each $100,000 raised, 10,000 shares shall vest up to the maximum amount of 1,000,000 shares if the full $10 million of capital is raised. To date, no funds have been raised pursuant to this agreement.

In June 2007, we entered into a consulting and finder’s agreement to coordinate and support potential Korean investment opportunities. We will pay a cash fee of 5% of the capital raised up to $10 million. To date, no funds have been raised pursuant to this agreement.

We have also registered 20,000,000 shares of our common stock in January of 2006 for use in raising capital. Through September 30, 2008, we have issued 19,942,821 of these shares.

In December 2007, we commenced a private placement of 20,000,000 shares of common stock in Germany pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. In June, 2008, we increased the private placement from 20,000,000 to 25,000,000 shares. As of September 30, 2008, we have sold 19,866,000 of these shares.

In August 2008, we commenced the process to reverse split our common stock on a one for eighty basis. The record date is set for September 1, 2008 and the annual meeting is set for November 14, 2008.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements. Certain of these significant accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, as defined below.

A critical accounting policy is defined as one that is both material to the presentation of our financial statements and requires management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Specifically, critical accounting estimates have the following attributes: 1) we are required to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time of the estimate; and 2) different estimates we could reasonably have used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, would have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. These changes have historically been minor and have been included in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they became known. Based on a critical assessment of our accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, management believes that our financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and present a meaningful presentation of our financial condition and results of operations.

In preparing our financial statements to conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for fixed assets for depreciation calculations and assumptions for valuing options and warrants. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

We consider that the following are critical accounting policies:

Research and Development Expenses

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The value of acquired in-process research and development is charged to expense on the date of acquisition. Research and development expenses include, but are not limited to, payroll and personnel expense, lab supplies, preclinical studies, raw materials to manufacture our solution, manufacturing costs, consulting, legal fees and research-related overhead. Accrued liabilities for raw materials to manufacture our solution, manufacturing costs and patent legal fees are included in accrued liabilities and included in research and development expenses.

Employee Stock Plans

On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” requiring us to recognize expense related to the fair value of its employee stock option awards. We recognize the cost of all share-based awards on a graded vested basis over the vesting period of the award.

Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for our stock option plans under the recognition and measurement provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations, as permitted by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under that transition method, compensation cost recognized in 2006 includes: (a) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions on SFAS No. 123(R). Results for prior periods have not been restated.

Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based awards at the date of grant requires judgment. We use a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock options under our stock option plans, consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). Option pricing models, including the modified Black-Scholes model, also require the use of input assumptions, including expected stock price volatility, expected life, expected dividend rate and expected risk-free rate of return. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

We will continue to review our input assumptions and make changes as deemed appropriate depending on new information that becomes available. Higher volatility and expected lives will result in a proportional increase to stock-based compensation determined at the date of grant. The expected dividend rate and expected risk-free rate of return would not have as significant an effect on the calculation of fair value.

In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires us to develop an estimate of the number of stock-based awards which will be forfeited due to employee turnover. Quarterly changes in the estimated forfeiture rate have an effect on reported stock-based compensation, as the effect of adjusting the rate for an expense amortization after January 1, 2006 is recognized in the period the forfeiture estimate is changed. If the actual forfeiture rate is higher than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment will be made to decrease the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in an increase to the expense recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The effect of forfeiture adjustments in fiscal 2007 was insignificant. The expense we recognize in future periods could also differ significantly from the current period and/or our forecasts due to adjustments in the assumed forfeiture rates.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We conduct all of our transactions, including those with foreign suppliers and customers, in U.S. dollars. We are therefore not directly subject to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations and do not hedge or otherwise deal in currency instruments in an attempt to minimize such risks. Demand from foreign customers and the ability or willingness of foreign suppliers to perform their obligations to us may be affected by the relative change in value of such customer or supplier's domestic currency to the value of the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, changes in the relative value of the U.S. dollar may change the price of our products relative to the prices of our foreign competitors.

ITEM 4T. Controls and Procedures

Based on an evaluation conducted within 90 days prior to the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and acting Chief Financial Officer concluded that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures that ensure information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Specifically, the disclosure controls and procedures assure that information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and acting Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of management's evaluation.

PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

Not applicable.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Set forth in chronological order is information regarding shares of common stock issued and options and warrants and other convertible securities granted by us during the three months ended March 31, 2008. Also included is the consideration, if any, received by us for such shares, options and warrants, and information relating to the section of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), or the rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which an exemption from registration was claimed.

In January 2008, the Company issued 741,000 shares of restricted common stock, valued at $5,200, in satisfaction of a note payable payment, including interest of $1,600.

In February 2008, the Company issued 600,000 shares of restricted common stock and 100,000 shares of free trading common stock valued at $14,000 for services related to public relations.

In March 2008, the Company issued 1,400,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $14,000 for services related to public relations.

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe, valued at $10,000, for services related to public relations.

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company issued 783,300 shares of restricted common stock and 850,000 shares of Reg S common stock for $3,000 in cash, net of offering costs totaling $45,600.

In April 2008, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of restricted common stock, valued at $31,000, in satisfaction of accrued interest payable.

In May 2008, the Company issued 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $39,000 as per the Company’s joint venture agreement for the renewable energy business.

In May 2008, the Company issued 250,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $3,300 for professional services.

In May 2008, the Company issued 264,300 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $3,400.

In June 2008, the Company issued 12,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $120,000 for professional services.

In the second quarter of 2008, the Company issued 13,949,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe for $231,000 in cash (net of offering costs totaling $298,600).

In July 2008, the Company issued 555,600 shares of restricted common stock for $5,000 in cash.

In July 2008, the Company issued 180,000 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $1,800.

In August 2008, the Company issued 30,000 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $300.

In September 2008, the Company issued 37,500 shares of restricted common stock in satisfaction of accounts payable, valued at $400

In September 2008, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $5,000 for legal services.

In the third quarter of 2008, the Company issued 4,067,000 shares of Reg S common stock in Europe for ($12,200) in cash, net of offering costs totaling $83,200

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities .

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders .

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information .

Not applicable.

ITEM 6. Exhibits .



Exhibit No.		Description

31.01		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14a Certification

32.01		Section 1350 Certification

Signatures

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS

Date: November 14, 2008

/s/ Harry Masuda

Harry Masuda

Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer