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Stock Compensation Plans
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Stock Compensation Plans [Abstract]  
Stock Compensation Plans
 (8) Stock Compensation Plans
 
We implemented a stock option plan in September 1998, which expired in September 2008, and provided for the granting of stock options to officers, key employees and consultants.  The objectives of this plan included attracting and retaining the best personnel, providing for additional performance incentives, and promoting our success by providing employees the opportunity to acquire common stock. Options outstanding under this plan were granted at prices either equal to or above the market value of the stock on the date of grant, typically vest over a four-year or five-year period and expire six or ten years after the grant date. Under this plan, we were authorized to grant options to purchase up to 900,000 common shares, and, as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had outstanding exercisable options to purchase 88,500 and 89,750 shares, respectively.

In 2001, we implemented a franchisee stock option plan that was terminated during September 2008, and provided for the granting of stock options to individuals purchasing Company owned agencies that were then converted to franchised agencies.  The purpose of the plan was to advance our interests by providing an additional incentive to encourage managers of Company owned agencies to purchase the agencies and convert them to franchises. Options outstanding under the plan were granted at prices, which were above the market value of the stock on the date of grant, vested over a ten-year period, and expired ten years after the grant date. Under this plan, we were authorized to grant options to purchase up to 988,500 common shares, and, as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had no outstanding exercisable options to purchase shares.

In 2002, we implemented the 2002 Stock Option Plan.  The purpose of this plan is to advance our interests by providing an additional incentive to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified and competent persons who are key to the Company, including employees, consultants, independent contractors, officers and directors. Our success is largely dependent upon their efforts and judgment; therefore, by authorizing the grant of options to purchase common stock, we encourage stock ownership. Options outstanding under the plan were granted at prices either equal to or above the market value of the stock on the date of grant, expire six or ten years after the grant date and have vesting periods determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. Under this plan, we are authorized to grant options to purchase up to 1,800,000 common shares, and, as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had outstanding exercisable options to purchase 623,500 and 624,700 shares, respectively.

FASB issued guidance requires that when valuing an employee stock option under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the fair value be based on the option's expected term and expected volatility rather than the contractual term.  The estimate of the fair value on the grant date should reflect the assumptions marketplace participants now use on the date of the measurement (i.e. grant date).  During 2011, management changed the expected term in the Black -Scholes option pricing model from four years to two years for new options granted.  Management believes that share price volatility over the last two years is more indicative of future share price volatility.  The change has had an immaterial impact on the financial statements.
 
Activity in our stock option plans for the period from January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012 is summarized below.

   
1998 Plan
  
2002 Plan
 
   
Number of
Shares
  
Weighted
Average
Option
Exercise Price
  
Number of
Shares
  
Weighted
Average
Option
Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2010
  124,599  $15.88   736,951  $12.03 
Granted
  -  $-   109,500  $3.59 
Exercised
  -  $-   -  $- 
Cancelled
  (34,849) $23.74   (271,651) $14.78 
Outstanding at January 1, 2011
  89,750  $12.83   574,800  $9.12 
Granted
  -  $-   179,000  $2.45 
Exercised
  -  $-   -  $- 
Cancelled
  -  $-   (129,100) $14.29 
Outstanding at January 1, 2012
  89,750  $12.83   624,700  $6.15 
Granted
  -  $-   -  $- 
Exercised
  -  $-   -  $- 
Cancelled
  (1,250) $6.67   (1,200) $2.59 
Outstanding at March 31, 2012
  88,500  $12.92   623,500  $6.15 
 
Options outstanding as of March 31, 2012 are exercisable as follows.

   
1998 Plan
  
2002 Plan
 
Options Exercisable at:
 
Number of Shares
  
Weighted
Average
Option
Exercise Price
  
Number of Shares
  
Weighted
Average
Option
Exercise Price
 
              
March 31, 2012
  70,100  $12.92   307,700  $6.15 
December 31, 2012
  17,700  $12.92   94,564  $6.15 
December 31, 2013
  700  $12.92   110,380  $6.15 
December 31, 2014
  -  $-   91,056  $6.15 
December 31, 2015
  -  $-   19,800  $6.15 
December 31, 2016
  -  $-   -  $- 
Thereafter
  -  $-   -  $- 
Total options exercisable
  88,500       623,500     


Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for the plans under the recognition and measurement provisions of stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by the APB and related Interpretation, as permitted by FASB issued guidance. Under these provisions, no stock-based employee compensation cost was recognized in the Statement of Operations as all options granted under those plans had an exercise price equal to or less than the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

Upon the exercise of options, the Company issues authorized shares.
 
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of FASB issued guidance using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under that transition method, compensation costs recognized during 2012 and 2011 include the following.

·
Compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of FASB issued guidance, and

·
Compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair-value estimated in accordance with the provisions of FASB issued guidance. Results for prior periods have not been restated, as they are not required to be by the pronouncement.
 
As a result of adopting FASB issued guidance on January 1, 2006, the Company's income from continuing operations before provision for income tax expense and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 are lower by approximately $58,000 and $36,000, respectively, than if it had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB guidance.

As a result of adopting FASB issued guidance on January 1, 2006, the Company's income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2011 are lower by approximately $62,000 and $39,000, respectively, than if it had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB guidance.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2012 would have remained unchanged at $0.13, if the Company had not adopted FASB issued guidance, compared with reported basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.13.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2011 would have been ($0.25), if the Company had not adopted FASB issued guidance, compared with the unchanged reported basic and diluted earnings per share of ($0.25).

Because the change in income taxes receivable includes the effect of excess tax benefits, those excess tax benefits also must be shown as a separate operating cash outflow so that operating cash flows exclude the effect of excess tax benefits. FASB issued guidance requires the cash flows resulting from the tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those options (excess tax benefits) to be classified as financing cash flows.

There were no options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2012 or 2011, respectively.
 
The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions.

   
March 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2011
Dividend yield
 
N/A
 
N/A
Expected volatility
 
N/A
 
N/A
Risk-free interest rate
 
N/A
 
N/A
Expected life (in years)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Summary information about the Company's stock options outstanding at March 31, 2012 as follows.

         
Weighted Average
  
Weighted
    
   
Range of
  
Outstanding at
  
Contractual
  
Average
  
Exercisable at
 
   
Exercise Price
  
March 31, 2012
  
Periods in Years
  
Exercise Price
  
March 31, 2012
 
1998 Plan
 $6.67 - $16.59   88,500   1.47  $12.92   70,100 
2002 Plan
 $2.45 - $18.21   623,500   5.18  $6.15   307,700