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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
9. INCOME TAXES
Our effective income tax rate is the ratio of income tax expense (benefit) over our income (loss) before income taxes. The effective income tax rate was 20.2% and 5.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Differences in the effective tax and the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21% are driven by state income taxes, changes in valuation allowance and anticipated annual permanent differences, including estimates for tax-exempt interest, dividends received deduction and executive compensation.
The Company had an uncertain tax position of $0.2 million and $0.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company has a valuation allowance of $3.7 million and $3.0 million on its deferred income tax asset as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of operations and statements of comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company did not recognize any expense related to an uncertain tax position. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $0.2 million of benefit related to an uncertain tax position and our associated accrued interest and penalties was less than $0.1 million.