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Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan [Table Text Block]
  

Pension Plan

  

Postretirement Plan

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Accumulated benefit obligation

 $26,859,162  $24,449,856  $10,842,455  $11,248,448 

Change in benefit obligation:

                

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

 $26,747,624  $27,268,456  $11,248,448  $12,416,546 

Service cost

  324,265   366,537   30,398   45,897 

Interest cost

  1,468,822   1,372,098   613,477   620,622 

Actuarial loss (gain)

  2,613,621   (1,031,160)  (540,914)  (1,331,541)

Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions

  (1,280,904)  (1,228,307)  (508,954)  (503,076)

Benefit obligation at end of year

 $29,873,428  $26,747,624  $10,842,455  $11,248,448 

Change in fair value of plan assets:

                

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

 $26,878,661  $28,017,797  $13,019,313  $12,138,119 

Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes

  5,456,381   89,171   2,567,922   1,384,270 

Employer contributions

            

Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions

  (1,280,904)  (1,228,307)  (508,954)  (503,076)

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

 $31,054,138  $26,878,661  $15,078,281  $13,019,313 

Funded status

 $1,180,710  $131,037  $4,235,826  $1,770,865 

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of:

                

Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets

 $1,180,710  $131,037  $4,235,826  $1,770,865 

Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities

            
                 

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:

                

Net actuarial loss (gain), net of tax

 $432,149  $1,168,687  $(227,071) $6,946 

Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax

 $432,149  $1,168,687  $(227,071) $6,946 

Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability):

                

Net actuarial loss (gain)

 $3,041,666  $4,029,282  $(4,032,929) $(1,813,071)

Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)

 $3,041,666  $4,029,282  $(4,032,929) $(1,813,071)
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]
  

Pension Plan

  

Postretirement Plan

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:

                

Discount rate

  4.83%  5.63%  4.83%  5.63%

Expected rate of compensation increase

  4.00%  4.00%  N/A   N/A 

Assumptions used to determine benefit costs:

                

Discount rate

  5.63%  5.15%  5.63%  5.16%

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

  4.50%  4.50%  4.21%  3.95%

Expected rate of compensation increase

  4.00%  4.00%  N/A   N/A 
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]
  

Pension Plan

  

Postretirement Plan

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Service cost

 $324,265  $366,537  $30,398  $45,897 

Interest cost

  1,468,822   1,372,098   613,477   620,622 

Expected return on plan assets

  (1,179,830)  (1,232,597)  (533,249)  (464,046)

Recognized loss (gain)

  316,522   316,724   (40,597)   

Net periodic benefit cost

 $929,779  $822,762  $70,029  $202,473 
Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]
  

Pre 65

  

Post 65

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year

  7.00%  6.30%  5.60%  5.20%

Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)

  4.00%  3.94%  4.00%  3.94%

Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate

 

2075

  

2075

  

2075

  

2075

 
Schedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]
  

1% Increase

  

1% Decrease

 

Effect on total service and interest cost components

 $71,000  $(61,000)

Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation

  1,204,000   (1,031,000)
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
  

Pension Plan

  

Postretirement Plan

 
  

Target

  

2024

  

2023

  

Target

  

2024

  

2023

 

Asset category:

                        

Equity securities

  25%  25%  27%  30%  48%  43%

Debt securities

  75%  75%  72%  70%  36%  37%

Cash

  %  %  1%  %  16%  20%
      

Pension Plan

 
      

Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024

 
  

Fair Value

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 

Asset Class:

                

Cash

 $142,921  $142,921  $  $ 

Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds:

                

Bond Funds

  19,505,237      19,505,237    

Mutual Funds:

                

Domestic Fixed Income

  3,791,697   3,791,697       

Equities

                

Domestic Large Cap Growth

  2,073,092   2,073,092       

Domestic Large Cap Value

  2,469,045   2,469,045       

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core

  1,297,579   1,297,579       

Foreign Large Cap Growth

  498,732   498,732       

Foreign Large Cap Value

  482,222   482,222       

Foreign Large Cap Core

  793,613   793,613       

Total

 $31,054,138  $11,548,901  $19,505,237  $ 
      

Pension Plan

 
      

Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023

 
  

Fair Value

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 

Asset Class:

                

Cash

 $202,218  $202,218  $  $ 

Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds:

                

Bond Funds

  16,446,813      16,446,813    

Mutual Funds:

                

Domestic Fixed Income

  3,000,525   3,000,525       

Equities

                

Domestic Large Cap Growth

  2,256,767   2,256,767       

Domestic Large Cap Value

  2,222,733   2,222,733       

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core

  1,082,801   1,082,801       

Foreign Large Cap Growth

  481,309   481,309       

Foreign Large Cap Value

  463,907   463,907       

Foreign Large Cap Core

  721,588   721,588       

Total

 $26,878,661  $10,431,848  $16,446,813  $ 
      

Postretirement Plan

 
      

Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024

 
  

Fair Value

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 

Asset Class:

                

Cash

 $2,381,909  $2,381,909  $  $ 

Mutual Funds:

                

Bonds

                

Domestic Fixed Income

  5,457,976   5,457,976       

Equities

                

Domestic Large Cap Growth

  2,412,824   2,412,824       

Domestic Large Cap Value

  1,996,262   1,996,262       

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core

  738,393   738,393       

Foreign Large Cap Growth

  532,391   532,391       

Foreign Large Cap Value

  652,023   652,023       

Foreign Large Cap Core

  906,503   906,503       

Total

 $15,078,281  $15,078,281  $  $ 
      

Postretirement Plan

 
      

Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023

 
  

Fair Value

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 

Asset Class:

                

Cash

 $2,640,622  $2,640,622  $  $ 

Mutual Funds:

                

Bonds

                

Domestic Fixed Income

  4,841,048   4,841,048       

Foreign Fixed Income

            

Equities

                

Domestic Large Cap Growth

  1,693,422   1,693,422       

Domestic Large Cap Value

  1,570,538   1,570,538       

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth

            

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value

            

Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core

  588,898   588,898       

Foreign Large Cap Growth

  433,886   433,886       

Foreign Large Cap Value

  526,364   526,364       

Foreign Large Cap Core

  724,535   724,535       

Total

 $13,019,313  $13,019,313  $  $ 
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]
   

Pension

  

Postretirement

 

Fiscal year ending September 30

  

Plan

  

Plan

 

2025

  $1,361,000  $682,000 

2026

   1,446,000   698,000 

2027

   1,554,000   730,000 

2028

   1,639,000   734,000 

2029

   1,712,000   766,000 
2030 - 2034   9,483,000   3,830,000 
NQDC Plan [Member]  
Notes Tables  
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]
  

2024

  

2023

 

Beginning deferred compensation balance

 $47,674  $59,108 

Employer contributions

  52,400    

Earnings

  13,526   6,787 

Forfeitures

     (18,221)

Ending deferred compensation balance

 $113,600  $47,674 
The 401K Plan [Member]  
Notes Tables  
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]
  

Years Ended September 30

 
  

2024

  

2023

 

Matching contribution

 $427,022  $388,616 

Discretionary contribution

  112,207   75,899